CN112838233A - Fuel cell gas diffusion layer, electrode, membrane electrode assembly, single cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell gas diffusion layer, electrode, membrane electrode assembly, single cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 462
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 231
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas diffusion layer, an electrode, a membrane electrode assembly, a single cell of a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells. Wherein the gas diffusion layer comprises: one or two layers of porous nickel mesh for effecting transport of gases and moisture in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. The invention uses the porous nickel screen to replace carbon paper in the prior art as the gas diffusion layer, reduces the thickness of the gas diffusion area, improves the volume energy density of the pile, develops the pores of the nickel screen, improves the drainage condition of the pile under high electric density and improves the output power. In addition, the nickel screen and the substrate are combined by laser welding, so that the contact resistance between materials is reduced, the output voltage of the membrane electrode can be improved, and the assembly process of the membrane electrode and the galvanic pile is simplified by the two-in-one combination of the diffusion layer and the polar plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a gas diffusion layer, an electrode, a membrane electrode assembly, a single cell of a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The current assembly of the electric pile mainly comprises a membrane electrode, a bipolar plate, a gas diffusion layer, and other spare and accessory parts including an end plate, a current collecting plate, an insulating plate and the like. The performance level of a membrane electrode is enough to meet the requirements of vehicles, the matching of a gas diffusion layer and a bipolar plate is difficult for the design and assembly of a galvanic pile, carbon paper or carbon cloth is adopted as the gas diffusion layer at present, but the thickness of the carbon paper or the carbon cloth is thicker and exceeds 150 mu m, the transmission of gas and moisture is limited, the processing technology of the bipolar plate is limited, the polar plate with high precision and high processing period is difficult to process and form, the transmission of the moisture and the gas is also limited, and finally the galvanic pile is in a high-voltage area, and the output power is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to adopt a novel material to combine a gas diffusion layer and a polar plate into a whole, improve the mass transfer of a galvanic pile, improve the output power of the galvanic pile at high electric density and simplify the assembly process of the galvanic pile.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer, comprising: one or two layers of porous nickel mesh for effecting transport of gases and moisture in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.
In a further embodiment, when the porous nickel mesh layer is a layer, the first porous nickel mesh layer is selected as the porous nickel mesh layer.
In a further embodiment, when the porous nickel mesh layer is a double layer, the porous nickel mesh layer is selected from a second porous nickel mesh layer and a third porous nickel mesh layer, the pore size of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-2.5 times of the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-5 times of the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer.
The pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 100-200 meshes, and the thickness is 10-40 mu m; the pore size of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 meshes, and the thickness of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 mu m.
A fuel cell electrode comprising: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer as described above and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
In a further embodiment, the battery electrodes comprise an anode and a cathode;
wherein the anode comprises: a first porous nickel mesh layer and a substrate; the cathode includes: a second porous nickel mesh layer, a third porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate;
the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is the same as that of the first porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 1/5-2/5 of that of the first porous nickel mesh layer;
the pore size of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-2.5 times of the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-5 times of the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer.
The aperture size of the first porous nickel screen layer is 100-200 meshes, and the thickness is 50-100 mu m; the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 100-200 meshes, and the thickness is 10-40 mu m; the pore size of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 meshes, and the thickness of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 mu m; the thickness of the substrate is 50-100 μm.
In a further embodiment, the first porous nickel mesh layer in the anode and the substrate are welded, the welding direction is on the substrate during laser welding, and inert shielding gas is used for exhausting oxygen and accelerating cooling.
In a further embodiment, the third porous nickel mesh layer in the cathode is welded with the substrate, and then the third porous nickel mesh layer and the second porous nickel mesh layer are formed by cold pressing;
during laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen and accelerate cooling.
A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising: the proton exchange membrane, the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer which are positioned at two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the anode and the cathode which are positioned on the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer;
the anode is bonded with the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode is bonded with the cathode catalyst layer.
The preparation method for preparing the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation of an anode: the nickel-based composite material is formed by welding a porous nickel net layer with 100-200 meshes and a nickel substrate;
step two, preparing a cathode: firstly, welding a porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes with a nickel base plate, and then cold-pressing the porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes and the porous nickel screen layer with 100-200 meshes to prepare the nickel base plate;
depositing an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer on two sides of the proton exchange membrane respectively;
and step four, welding or hot-pressing the anode on the anode catalyst layer, and hot-pressing the cathode on the cathode catalyst layer by welding the anode and the cathode.
In a monolithic cell employing a fuel cell gas diffusion layer as described above, the reactant gas at the anode is hydrogen and the reactant gas at the cathode is oxygen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention uses the porous nickel screen to replace carbon paper in the prior art as the gas diffusion layer, reduces the thickness of the gas diffusion area, improves the volume energy density of the pile, develops the pores of the nickel screen, improves the drainage condition of the pile under high electric density and improves the output power. Convection is enhanced, and water diffusion capacity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an electrode comprising a first porous nickel mesh layer according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode comprising first and second porous nickel mesh layers according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the fuel cell electrode of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cell stack according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing current voltage phases of example 3 and comparative example 3.
Each of fig. 1 to 4 is labeled as: the membrane comprises a first porous nickel mesh layer 1, a second porous nickel mesh layer 2, a nickel base plate 3, a proton exchange membrane 4, an anode catalyst layer 5, a cathode catalyst layer 6, a collector plate 7, an insulating plate 8, an end plate 9 and a third porous nickel mesh layer 10.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The research shows that: the gas diffusion layer used in the current membrane electrode is made of carbon paper or carbon cloth, the thickness of the carbon paper and the carbon cloth is thicker, generally 200-300 microns, and then the thickness of a single cell is as high as 1.5mm by combining with a common metal bipolar plate with the thickness of about 1mm, so that the volume power of the galvanic pile is lower, in addition, the porosity of the carbon paper is about 75%, and the transmission of gas and moisture is limited. Meanwhile, the bipolar plate processing technology is limited, the high-precision and high-processing-period polar plate is difficult to process and form, the transmission of moisture and gas is limited, and finally the electric pile is arranged in a high-electric-density area, so that the output power is low.
The inventors have developed a fuel cell gas diffusion layer, an electrode, a membrane electrode assembly, a stack, and a method for manufacturing the same to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
A fuel cell gas diffusion layer, comprising: the one-layer or double-layer porous nickel net is used for realizing the transmission of gas and moisture in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, the transverse transmission is completed through pores, the longitudinal transmission is completed along the net wires of the nickel net, and the transmission is realized through the transmission of the net wires.
In a further embodiment, when the porous nickel mesh layer is a layer, the porous nickel mesh layer is a first porous nickel mesh layer with a pore size of 100-200 meshes and a thickness of 50-100 μm.
In a further embodiment, when the porous nickel mesh layer is a double layer, the porous nickel mesh layer is selected from a second porous nickel mesh layer and a third porous nickel mesh layer, the pore size of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-2.5 times of the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-5 times of the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer. The pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 100-200 meshes, and the thickness is 10-40 mu m; the pore size of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 meshes, and the thickness of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 mu m.
A fuel cell electrode comprising: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer as described above and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
In a further embodiment, the battery electrodes comprise an anode and a cathode;
wherein the anode comprises: a first porous nickel mesh layer and a substrate; the cathode includes: a second porous nickel mesh layer, a third porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate;
the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is the same as that of the first porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 1/5-2/5 of that of the first porous nickel mesh layer;
the pore size of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-2.5 times of the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-5 times of the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer.
The following were used: the aperture size of the first porous nickel screen layer is 100-200 meshes, and the thickness is 50-100 mu m; the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 100-200 meshes, and the thickness is 10-40 mu m; the pore size of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 meshes, and the thickness of the third porous nickel net layer is 50-80 mu m; the thickness of the substrate is 50-100 μm.
In a further embodiment, the first porous nickel mesh layer in the anode and the substrate are welded, the welding direction is on the substrate during laser welding, and inert shielding gas is used for exhausting oxygen and accelerating cooling.
In a further embodiment, the second porous nickel mesh layer in the cathode is welded with the substrate, and then the second porous nickel mesh layer and the first porous nickel mesh layer are formed by cold pressing;
during laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen and accelerate cooling.
Because the diffusion layer has the gaps, the diffusion layer is required to be careful not to block the gaps when being integrally formed with the substrate, so that the gaps on the porous nickel mesh layer are easily blocked to increase the resistance if the bonding agent is adopted for packaging treatment, a welding process is adopted, and the welding process is required to be careful to cool in time when in use, so that the melting area of the joint at high temperature is reduced to the maximum extent, and the maximum area of the gaps is reserved.
A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising: the proton exchange membrane, the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer which are positioned at two sides of the proton exchange membrane, the anode and the cathode as described above;
the anode is bonded with the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode is bonded with the cathode catalyst layer.
The preparation method for preparing the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation of an anode: the nickel-based composite material is formed by welding a porous nickel net layer with 100-200 meshes and a nickel substrate;
step two, preparing a cathode: firstly, welding a porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes with a nickel base plate, and then cold-pressing the porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes and the porous nickel screen layer with 100-200 meshes to prepare the nickel base plate;
depositing an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer on two sides of the proton exchange membrane respectively;
and step four, welding or hot-pressing the anode on the anode catalyst layer, and hot-pressing the cathode on the cathode catalyst layer by welding the anode and the cathode.
In a single cell using the gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell as described above, the reactant gas at the anode is hydrogen, and the reactant gas at the cathode is oxygen.
Example 1
The inventors first made improvements from gas diffusion layers: one or two layers of porous nickel mesh are used as gas diffusion layers. The reason for selecting the nickel screen is as follows: the nickel has good chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance and surface hydrophobicity.
When the porous nickel screen layer is one layer, the first porous nickel screen layer 1 is selected as the porous nickel screen layer, the aperture size is 150 meshes, and the thickness is 75 micrometers.
When the porous nickel net layer is a double layer, the porous nickel net layer is a second porous nickel net layer 2 and a third porous nickel net layer 10, the pore size of the second porous nickel net layer is 150 meshes, and the thickness of the second porous nickel net layer is 25 micrometers; the third porous nickel mesh layer 10 had a pore size of 65 mesh and a thickness of 65 μm.
In summary, the thickness of the gas diffusion region is much less than the thickness of the carbon paper.
Example 2
The gas diffusion layer prepared in example 1 was applied to a fuel cell electrode, comprising: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
The gas diffusion layers of the anode and the cathode are different because the reaction environments of the anode and the cathode are different. Specifically, the anode includes: as shown in FIG. 1, the first porous nickel mesh layer and the substrate have a pore size of 150 mesh and a thickness of 75 μm. The cathode includes a second porous nickel mesh layer, a third porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate, shown in fig. 2. The porous nickel net layer is a second porous nickel net layer 2 and a third porous nickel net layer 10, the pore size of the second porous nickel net layer is 150 meshes, and the thickness of the second porous nickel net layer is 25 micrometers; the third porous nickel mesh layer 10 had a pore size of 65 mesh and a thickness of 65 μm, and the substrate had a thickness of 100 μm.
As described above, the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell and the substrate are integrally molded, and the molding is performed in order to increase structural stability and significantly reduce electrical resistance.
In this embodiment, the first porous nickel mesh layer and the substrate are bonded together by a heat treatment, and a layer of PTFE emulsion is coated on the nickel substrate, wherein the emulsion mainly includes PTFE, graphite, carbon black, and the like. Then laying a nickel net above the nickel substrate, partially soaking the emulsion in the nickel net, drying the nickel net and the nickel substrate, then heating the nickel net and the nickel substrate at the treatment temperature of 300-400 ℃, and curing PTFE to finally obtain the two-in-one gas diffusion electrode plate. The substrate, the second porous nickel mesh layer and the first porous nickel mesh layer in the cathode were bonded in the same manner.
Example 3
The gas diffusion layer prepared in example 1 was applied to a fuel cell electrode, comprising: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
The gas diffusion layers of the anode and the cathode are different because the reaction environments of the anode and the cathode are different. Specifically, the anode includes: a first porous nickel mesh layer and a substrate, as shown in FIG. 1; the cathode includes: a second porous nickel mesh layer, a third porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate, as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the first porous nickel mesh layer has a pore size of 150 mesh and a thickness of 75 μm. The porous nickel net layer is a second porous nickel net layer 2 and a third porous nickel net layer 10, the pore size of the second porous nickel net layer is 150 meshes, and the thickness of the second porous nickel net layer is 25 micrometers; the third porous nickel mesh layer 10 had a pore size of 65 mesh and a thickness of 65 μm, and the substrate had a thickness of 100 μm.
As described above, the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell and the substrate are integrally molded, and the molding is performed in order to increase structural stability, significantly reduce electrical resistance, and enhance convection.
In the embodiment, the first porous nickel mesh layer in the anode is welded with the substrate; the second porous nickel net layer in the cathode is welded with the substrate, and then the second porous nickel net layer and the first porous nickel net layer are formed through cold pressing.
During laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen, reduce oxidation of nickel and accelerate cooling. The inert shielding gas may be Ar, He, nitrogen, and the like. Welding from the base plate can reduce welding slag, reduce the damage to the nickel screen at high temperature and protect the pore canal and the structure of the nickel screen to the maximum extent.
The electrodes prepared by different molding methods were prepared into batteries and resistance measurements were performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Serial number of single battery | Resistance of single-chip battery |
| Example 2 | 39.78mΩ |
| Example 3 | 24.39mΩ |
As shown in table 1, the diffusion layer itself has voids, and attention is paid to the fact that the voids cannot be plugged when the diffusion layer is integrally formed with the substrate, so that the voids on the porous nickel mesh layer are easily plugged if an adhesive is used for encapsulation, which results in an increase in resistance, and therefore, a welding process is adopted, and the welding process needs to be cooled in time when in use, so that the molten area of the joint at a high temperature is reduced to the maximum extent, and the maximum area of the voids is reserved.
Example 4
A first porous nickel mesh layer having a pore size of 150 mesh and a thickness of 75 μm was used as diffusion layers in both the cathode and the anode.
The first porous nickel net layer and the nickel substrate are integrally formed through welding to prepare the anode and the cathode, and the specific welding method comprises the following steps: during laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen, reduce oxidation of nickel and accelerate cooling. The inert shielding gas may be Ar, He, nitrogen, and the like. Welding from the base plate can reduce welding slag, reduce the damage to the nickel screen at high temperature and protect the pore canal and the structure of the nickel screen to the maximum extent.
The electrodes prepared in example 3 and example 4 were subjected to water discharge test to find that: the drainage performance of example 2 is excellent, and the reason for analyzing the drainage performance is that example 3 adopts two porous nickel net layers with different pore diameters to be stacked, so that the convection is increased, and the water diffusion capacity is improved.
Example 5
The gas diffusion layer prepared in example 1 was applied to a fuel cell electrode, comprising: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
The gas diffusion layers of the anode and the cathode are different because the reaction environments of the anode and the cathode are different. Specifically, the anode includes: a first porous nickel mesh layer and a substrate, as shown in FIG. 1; the cathode includes: a second porous nickel mesh layer, a third porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate, as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the first porous nickel mesh layer has a pore size of 200 mesh and a thickness of 100 μm. The pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 200 meshes, the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 40 mu m, and the space size of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 80 meshes. The thickness was 80 μm. The thickness of the substrate is 100 μm.
As described above, the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell and the substrate are integrally molded, and the molding is performed in order to increase structural stability, significantly reduce electrical resistance, and enhance convection.
In the embodiment, the first porous nickel mesh layer in the anode is welded with the substrate; the second porous nickel net layer in the cathode is welded with the substrate, and then the second porous nickel net layer and the first porous nickel net layer are formed through cold pressing.
During laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen, reduce oxidation of nickel and accelerate cooling. The inert shielding gas may be Ar, He, nitrogen, and the like. Welding from the base plate can reduce welding slag, reduce the damage to the nickel screen at high temperature and protect the pore canal and the structure of the nickel screen to the maximum extent.
Example 6
The gas diffusion layer prepared in example 1 was applied to a fuel cell electrode, comprising: a fuel cell gas diffusion layer and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
The gas diffusion layers of the anode and the cathode are different because the reaction environments of the anode and the cathode are different. Specifically, the anode includes: a first porous nickel mesh layer and a substrate, as shown in FIG. 1; the cathode includes: a first porous nickel mesh layer, a second porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate, as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the first porous nickel mesh layer has a pore size of 100 mesh and a thickness of 50 μm. The pore size of the second porous nickel net layer is 100 meshes, and the thickness of the second porous nickel net layer is 10 mu m. The pore size of the third porous nickel net layer is 50 meshes, and the thickness of the third porous nickel net layer is 50 micrometers. The thickness of the substrate is 100 μm.
As described above, the gas diffusion layer of the fuel cell and the substrate are integrally molded, and the molding is performed in order to increase structural stability, significantly reduce electrical resistance, and enhance convection.
In the embodiment, the first porous nickel mesh layer in the anode is welded with the substrate; the second porous nickel net layer in the cathode is welded with the substrate, and then the second porous nickel net layer and the first porous nickel net layer are formed through cold pressing.
During laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen, reduce oxidation of nickel and accelerate cooling. The inert shielding gas may be Ar, He, nitrogen, and the like. Welding from the base plate can reduce welding slag, reduce the damage to the nickel screen at high temperature and protect the pore canal and the structure of the nickel screen to the maximum extent.
Comparative example 1
A single-chip battery is assembled by adopting carbon paper with the thickness of 200 microns and a common metal polar plate with the thickness of 1mm (a base material is 0.1mm, and the depth of a flow channel is 0.9mm) and adding CCM.
Comparative example 2
A single-chip battery is assembled by adopting carbon paper with the thickness of 300 micrometers and a common metal polar plate with the thickness of 1 millimeter (a base material is 0.1mm, and the depth of a flow channel is 0.9mm) and adding CCM.
Comparative example 3
A single-chip battery is assembled by adopting carbon paper with the thickness of 250 micrometers and a common metal polar plate with the thickness of 1 millimeter (a base material is 0.1mm, and the depth of a flow channel is 0.9mm) and adding CCM.
Common commercial metal bipolar plates are made of 316 stainless steel, and the coating is typically gold (30-50 nm).
The resistance test was performed, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Resistance of single-chip battery | |
| Example 3 | 24.39mΩ |
| Example 4 | 25.26mΩ |
| Example 5 | 24.67mΩ |
| Example 6 | 24.58 mΩ |
| Comparative example1 | 43.62mΩ |
| Comparative example 2 | 44.82mΩ |
| Comparative example 3 | 44.27mΩ |
As can be seen from fig. 5, the performance of the battery prepared by the present invention is superior to that of the battery prepared by the carbon paper + metal plate in the prior art.
A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising: a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer which are positioned at two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the anode and the cathode prepared in the embodiment 3; the anode is bonded with the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode is bonded with the cathode catalyst layer.
The preparation method of the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly specifically comprises the following steps: step one, preparation of an anode: the nickel-based composite material is formed by welding a porous nickel net layer with 100-200 meshes and a nickel substrate;
step two, preparing a cathode: firstly, welding a porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes with a nickel base plate, and then cold-pressing the porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes and the porous nickel screen layer with 100-200 meshes to prepare the nickel base plate;
depositing an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer on two sides of the proton exchange membrane respectively;
and step four, welding or hot-pressing the anode on the anode catalyst layer, and hot-pressing the cathode on the cathode catalyst layer by welding the anode and the cathode.
As shown in fig. 4, the unit cell includes the fuel cell gas diffusion layer, the nickel substrate 3, the proton exchange membrane 4, the anode catalyst layer 5, the cathode catalyst layer 6, the current collecting plate 7, the insulating plate 8, and the end plate 9 in example 1. In the reaction, the reactant gas at the anode is hydrogen, which diffuses more readily than oxygen and water, and the anode gas diffusion region may be smaller in pore size and thickness than the cathode. The cathode reaction gas is oxygen, and in addition, water needs to be drained, so that the nickel nets with different pore structures are adopted, and the nickel nets with large pore diameters are more favorable for draining water.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell gas diffusion layer, comprising: one or two layers of porous nickel mesh for effecting transport of gases and moisture in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.
2. The gas diffusion layer of claim 1, wherein the first porous nickel mesh layer is selected for the porous nickel mesh layer when the porous nickel mesh layer is one layer.
3. A fuel cell gas diffusion layer according to claim 1,
when the porous nickel net layers are double layers, the second porous nickel net layer and the third porous nickel net layer are selected as the porous nickel net layers, the pore size of the third porous nickel net layer is 2-2.5 times of that of the second porous nickel net layer, and the thickness of the third porous nickel net layer is 2-5 times of that of the second porous nickel net layer.
4. A fuel cell electrode, comprising: the fuel cell gas diffusion layer of claim 1 and a substrate integrally formed with the fuel cell gas diffusion layer.
5. A fuel cell electrode according to claim 4, wherein said cell electrode comprises an anode and a cathode;
wherein the anode comprises: a first porous nickel mesh layer and a substrate; the cathode includes: a second porous nickel mesh layer, a third porous nickel mesh layer, and a substrate;
the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer is the same as that of the first porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer is 1/5-2/5 of that of the first porous nickel mesh layer;
the pore size of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-2.5 times of the pore size of the second porous nickel mesh layer, and the thickness of the third porous nickel mesh layer is 2-5 times of the thickness of the second porous nickel mesh layer.
6. A fuel cell electrode according to claim 5, wherein the first porous nickel mesh layer of the anode is welded to the substrate.
7. The electrode of claim 5, wherein the third porous nickel mesh layer in the cathode is welded with the substrate, and then the third porous nickel mesh layer and the second porous nickel mesh layer are pressed by cold pressing;
during laser welding, the welding direction is on the substrate, and meanwhile, inert protective gas is adopted to discharge oxygen and accelerate cooling.
8. A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprising: a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalytic layer and a cathode catalytic layer which are positioned at two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the anode and the cathode of claim 5;
the anode is bonded with the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode is bonded with the cathode catalyst layer.
9. The method of making a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparation of an anode: the nickel-based composite material is formed by welding a porous nickel net layer with 100-200 meshes and a nickel substrate;
step two, preparing a cathode: firstly, welding a porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes with a nickel base plate, and then cold-pressing the porous nickel screen layer with 50-80 meshes and the porous nickel screen layer with 100-200 meshes to prepare the nickel base plate;
depositing an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer on two sides of the proton exchange membrane respectively;
and step four, welding or hot-pressing the anode on the anode catalyst layer, and hot-pressing the cathode on the cathode catalyst layer by welding the anode and the cathode.
10. A monolithic cell employing the fuel cell gas diffusion layer according to claim 1, wherein the reactant gas of the anode is hydrogen and the reactant gas of the cathode is oxygen.
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