CN112837595B - Can adjust room chamber conduction block demonstration model of second grade - Google Patents
Can adjust room chamber conduction block demonstration model of second grade Download PDFInfo
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- CN112837595B CN112837595B CN202110180608.7A CN202110180608A CN112837595B CN 112837595 B CN112837595 B CN 112837595B CN 202110180608 A CN202110180608 A CN 202110180608A CN 112837595 B CN112837595 B CN 112837595B
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- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 261
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 206010003671 Atrioventricular Block Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001746 atrial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 186
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000010247 heart contraction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000005242 cardiac chamber Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035559 beat frequency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010003130 Arrhythmia supraventricular Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001308 heart ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005246 left atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000718 qrs complex Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005245 right atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005241 right ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
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Abstract
The invention discloses a demonstration model capable of adjusting secondary atrioventricular block, which belongs to the technical field of heart beating models and comprises a ventricular chamber cover, wherein the outside is a closed cavity in the shape of a ventricle, the inner wall is uniformly and fixedly connected with a plurality of ventricular elastic strips, a ventricular limiting shaft is also fixed in the ventricular limiting shaft, a ventricular stretching wheel is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft, the rhythm of heartbeats can be simulated, and the contraction and the relaxation of heartbeats and the atrium are displayed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heart beating models, in particular to an atrioventricular block demonstration model capable of adjusting second degree.
Background
The heart's primary function is to power blood flow and move blood to various parts of the body. The human heart is located in the middle of the chest, to the left and below, and has a volume approximately equal to a fist size and weighs about 250 grams. The female heart is typically smaller and lighter in weight than the male heart.
The heart of a person looks like a peach, is positioned above the diaphragm, is positioned between two lungs and is far left, the heart of the person is positioned in the middle of the chest, is slightly far left and below, is conical, is approximately equal to the fist of the person in size, and is internally provided with four cavities, wherein the upper two cavities are atria, and the lower two cavities are ventricles. The diastole and systole of the atria and ventricles drive the whole body of the blood circulation.
The heart contracts and expands once, called a cardiac cycle, which includes four processes, atrial contraction, atrial relaxation, ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation, and the normal heart beat is of fixed frequency and sequence.
The internal pressure decreases during diastole, the vena cava blood returns to the heart, the internal pressure increases during systole, blood is pumped to the arteries, and the heart constitutes a cardiac cycle each time it contracts and relaxes. In one cardiac cycle, the two atria contract first, with the right atrium contracting slightly before the left atrium; after the atrium begins to relax, the two ventricles contract, the left ventricle contracts slightly before the right ventricle, then the ventricles relax, and the atrium begins to contract again in the later stage of ventricular relaxation; the heartbeat sequence is thus in turn: atrial contraction, atrial relaxation, ventricular contraction, ventricular relaxation, which is the cardiac cycle of a normal heart beat.
Some people can block the heartbeat when beating:
Two-degree atrioventricular block, which is the most common type of two-degree atrioventricular block, is divided into type I (venturi or mohs type I) and type II (mohs type II), and refers to a progressive extension of conduction time from atrium to ventricle until activation of one atrium fails to be transferred to the ventricle, resulting in a ventricular arrest;
The second-degree type II atrioventricular block refers to the sudden block of the activation of the atrium, which cannot be transferred to the ventricle, and the electrocardiogram is shown as the intermittent missed of the QRS complex, that is, the atrium and the ventricle are always in normal beat rhythm, the activation of the sudden atrium cannot be transferred to the ventricle, the ventricle is suddenly stopped, the beat is leaked once, and the rhythm is normal under the condition that the rest of normal beats.
Based on the above, the invention designs a demonstration model for the atrioventricular block capable of adjusting the second degree so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a demonstration model capable of adjusting secondary atrioventricular block, which can simulate the rhythm of heart beat and display the contraction and relaxation of heart ventricle and atrium, can intuitively simulate and display the atrioventricular block of heart, can simulate and display the I-type atrioventricular block, can also adjust the heart beating state of the II-type atrioventricular block, is of a complete mechanical structure, does not need a power source, does not simulate and display heart beat rhythm, and is simpler to manufacture, more convenient to carry, more convenient to display for people in different places and more convenient to use.
The invention is realized in the following way: an atrioventricular block demonstration model capable of adjusting second degree comprising:
the ventricular chamber cover is provided with a ventricular-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular limiting shaft is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular contraction Zhang Lun is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft, and the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips are fixedly connected with a ventricular contraction wheel;
The outer part of the atrial chamber cover is an atrial-shaped closed chamber, the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover is uniformly and fixedly connected with a plurality of atrial elastic strips, an atrial limiting shaft is also fixed in the atrial chamber cover, an atrial retraction Zhang Lun is rotatably arranged on the atrial limiting shaft, and the other ends of the atrial elastic strips are fixedly connected with an atrial retraction wheel;
the fixed shaft is a straight shaft, can be rotatably inserted between the ventricular cavity cover and the atrial cavity cover through a bearing, and is uniformly provided with n atrial rotating rods in a ring manner;
The adjusting rod is a sleeve rod, can be inserted and pulled out and is arranged on the fixed shaft in a sliding manner, one end of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover, the other end of the adjusting rod is arranged on the fixed shaft in the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover in a telescopic manner, n-1I-type ventricular rotating rods and n-1 II-type ventricular rotating rods are arranged on the adjusting rod, and each of the atrial rotating rods, the I-type ventricular rotating rods and the II-type ventricular rotating rods is arranged in the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover;
n atrial rotating rods are uniformly arranged on the same cross section of the fixed shaft in a surrounding way, and n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods are arranged on the same cross section of the adjusting rod in a surrounding way;
n-1 of the II-type ventricular rotating rods are annularly arranged on the same cross section of the adjusting rod, the cross sections of the atrial rotating rods, the I-type ventricular rotating rods and the II-type ventricular rotating rods are annularly arranged in parallel,
The adjusting rod rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft through the flat key;
Each atrial rotating rod can be separated and mutually poked with an atrial contraction Zhang Lun, and each I-shaped ventricular rotating rod and each II-shaped ventricular rotating rod can be separated and mutually poked with a ventricular contraction Zhang Lun;
the included angles among n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods are sequentially increased;
the interval between n-1 type II ventricular rotating rods is uniform and corresponds to the n atrial rotating rods one by one, and the positions of the type II ventricular rotating rods corresponding to the n atrial rotating rods are vacated
Further, n is 4;
The included angle interval between the 4 atrial rotating rods is 90 degrees;
The included angle between the 3I-shaped ventricular rotating rods is as follows: the included angle B is smaller than the included angle A and smaller than the included angle C;
the intervals among the 3 type II ventricular rotating rods are 90 degrees, and the intervals are uniformly distributed on the 180-degree circumference of the adjusting rod.
Further, an atrial rotating rod is clamped in the cross section projection range of an included angle A and an included angle B between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods, two atrial rotating rods are clamped in the cross section range of an included angle C between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods, the deviation angle between the atrial rotating rods and the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods is fixed, and the projection included angle between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods and the adjacent atrial rotating rods is not more than 90 degrees.
Further, the cross section projection deflection interval of the II-type ventricular rotating rod and the atrial rotating rod is 45 degrees, and two atrial rotating rods are arranged on the 180-degree circumferential cross section projection of one side of the II-type ventricular rotating rod which is not arranged.
Further, the plurality of ventricular elastic strips are tightly fixed on the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover, and the plurality of ventricular elastic strips are tightly arranged between all beating positions of ventricles and the ventricular stretching wheel;
The plurality of the atrial elastic strips are tightly fixed on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover, and the plurality of the atrial elastic strips are tightly arranged between all jumping positions of the atrium and the atrial expansion wheel.
Further, the ventricular elastic strip and the atrial elastic strip are strip-shaped spring pieces.
Further, the atrial pod Zhang Lun is non-slidably mounted to the atrial shaft via a bearing, and the ventricular pod Zhang Lun is non-slidably mounted to the ventricular shaft via a bearing.
Further, the adjusting rod is in transition fit with the fixed shaft.
Furthermore, the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover are all integral sealing cavities made of rubber, and stainless steel reinforcing ribs are arranged at joints between the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover.
Further, the adjusting rod is arranged at one end outside the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover, a rotating handle is further fixed, the rotating handle is of a sheet structure, adjusting marks are further engraved on the adjusting rod outside the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover, and the marks of the adjusting marks correspond to the section positions of the I-type ventricular rotating rod and the II-type ventricular rotating rod when the I-type ventricular rotating rod and the II-type ventricular rotating rod are respectively matched with the ventricular folding wheel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. the invention does not use electronic products, has high reliability, is convenient to use and carry, is more applicable to the environment, and can adjust the heart beat rhythm showing different atrioventricular block only by shaking hands;
2. The device enables the atrial rotating rod to be respectively matched with the I-type ventricular rotating rod and the II-type ventricular rotating rod in a different mode through the pulling of the adjusting rod, so that the adjustment of different beating rhythms of the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover is achieved, and the device is used for simulating the heart beating rhythms in different states, thereby achieving the purpose of displaying the different beating rhythms of the heart rhythm with the atrioventricular block;
3. The number and the angle of the atrial rotating rods for ventricular beat of the device are fixed, and the number interval of the ventricular regulating rods can be changed and regulated, so that various beat frequency changes of ventricles can be simulated when the atrial beat frequency is fixed, and the ventricular rotating rods can be matched only by regulating the I-type ventricular rotating rods or the II-type ventricular rotating rods, and can be completed only by pumping the regulating rods, so that the device is simple to operate;
4. the device uses the strip spring piece as the ventricular elastic strip and the atrial elastic strip, so that after the ventricular contraction Zhang Lun and the atrial contraction Zhang Lun are stressed and contracted, the heart beat is simulated more realistically because the external force is lost and the heart beat is elastically relaxed, the device does not need to be operated again, and the device can be completed only by rotating the adjusting rod, and is simple to operate.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall external structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjusting lever of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of an atrial rotor shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of an I-type ventricular rotor bar of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of a type II ventricular rotor bar of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the interior of the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of the engagement of the I-shaped ventricular rotor bar with the atrial rotor bar of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of the type II ventricular rotor bar of the present invention mated with an atrial rotor bar;
Fig. 10 is a schematic front view of an atrial harvester Zhang Lun and ventricular harvester according to the invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1-ventricular chamber cover, 11-ventricular winding Zhang Lun, 12-ventricular spring strip, 13-ventricular limit shaft, 14-deflector rod, 2-atrial chamber cover, 21-atrial winding Zhang Lun, 22-atrial spring strip, 23-atrial limit shaft, 3-adjuster rod, 31-type I ventricular rotor rod, 32-type II ventricular rotor rod, 33-rotator handle, 34-adjuster marker, 4-fixed shaft, 41-atrial rotor rod.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the present invention provides a technical solution: a demonstration model of heart rhythm capable of modulating atrioventricular block comprising:
The ventricular chamber cover 1 is provided with a ventricular-shaped closed cavity at the outer part, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips 12 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall, a ventricular limiting shaft 13 is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular receiving and expanding wheel 11 is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft 13, and the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips 12 are fixedly connected with the ventricular receiving and expanding wheel 11;
The atrium cavity cover 2 is provided with an atrium-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of atrium elastic strips 22 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the atrium cavity cover, an atrium limiting shaft 23 is also fixedly arranged in the atrium cavity cover, an atrium stretching wheel 21 is rotatably arranged on the atrium limiting shaft 23, and the other ends of the atrium elastic strips 22 are fixedly connected with the atrium stretching wheel 21;
The fixed shaft 4 is a straight shaft and is rotatably inserted between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 through a bearing, and n atrial rotating rods 41 are uniformly arranged on the fixed shaft in a ring manner;
The adjusting rod 3 is a sleeve rod, can be inserted and extracted and is arranged on the fixed shaft 4 in a sliding manner, one end of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, the other end of the adjusting rod is arranged on the fixed shaft 4 in the inner cavities of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 in a telescopic sliding manner, n-1I-type ventricular rotating rods 31 and n-1 II-type ventricular rotating rods 32 are arranged on the adjusting rod, and each atrial rotating rod 41, each I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 and each II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 are arranged in the inner cavities of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2;
n atrial rotating rods 41 are uniformly arranged on the same cross section of the fixed shaft 4 in a surrounding manner, and n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 are arranged on the same cross section of the adjusting rod 3 in a surrounding manner;
n-1 of the II-type ventricular rotating rods 32 are annularly arranged on the same cross section of the regulating rod 3, the cross sections of the atrial rotating rod 41, the I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 and the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 which are annularly arranged are mutually parallel,
The adjusting rod 3 rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft 4 through a flat key;
Each atrial rotating rod 41 can be separated and mutually poked with the atrial folding and unfolding wheel 21, and each I-shaped ventricular rotating rod 31 and each II-shaped ventricular rotating rod 32 can be separated and mutually poked with the ventricular folding and unfolding wheel 11;
the included angles among n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 are sequentially increased;
The interval between n-1 II type room dwang 32 is even, and with n the atrium dwang 41 position one-to-one, and with the nth II type room dwang 32 position that atrium dwang 41 corresponds is vacated, and this device is complete mechanical structure moreover, does not need the power supply, does not also have cardiovascular simulation, only demonstrates the heart beat rhythm, consequently the preparation is simpler, and it is more convenient to carry, can portable give people the show in different places, and it is also more convenient to use.
Wherein n is 4;
the included angle interval between the 4 atrial rotation rods 41 is 90 degrees;
the included angles between the 3I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 are as follows: the included angle B is smaller than the included angle A and smaller than the included angle C;
The intervals among the 3 II-type ventricular rotating rods 32 are 90 degrees, and the intervals are uniformly distributed on the 180-degree circumference of the adjusting rod 3, so that the structure is easier to manufacture, the types of atrioventricular block are more easily and obviously distinguished, and the display effect is better, because when n is 4, the condition of ventricular skip is more easily found at the 90-degree angle, the device is not limited to n being 4, n is any natural number larger than 2, and only 4 is optimal;
An atrial rotating rod 41 is clamped in the cross section projection range of an included angle A and an included angle B between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31, two atrial rotating rods 41 are clamped in the cross section range of an included angle C between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31, the deviation angle between the atrial rotating rods 41 and the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 is fixed, the projection included angle between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 and the adjacent atrial rotating rods 41 is not more than 90 degrees, and the I-shaped ventricular conduction block is clearly displayed by different angle intervals of n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 under the condition that the rotation intervals of the same atrial rotating rods 41 are the same, the interval of the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 is gradually slowed down, and finally the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods 31 stop stirring the ventricular stretching wheel 11 once, so that the ventricular chamber cover 1 stops contracting and diastole once;
The cross section projection deflection interval of the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 and the atrium rotating rod 41 is 45 degrees, and the 180-degree circumferential cross section projection of one side of the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 is not provided with two atrium rotating rods 41, so that the ventricles and the atria can regularly jump, for example, each time the ventricles jump three times, the ventricles jump once, when the ventricles jump, the atria jump for 4 times, and the ventricles jump only 3 times, and the time interval is the same, so that the ventricular chamber cover 1 stops one time of contraction and relaxation, and the II-type atrioventricular conduction block is clearly displayed;
A plurality of ventricular elastic strips 12 are fixedly pulled on the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover 1, and the ventricular elastic strips 12 are tightly stretched between all beating positions of ventricles and the ventricular tension wheel 11;
The plurality of the atrial elastic strips 22 are fastened and fixed on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover 2 in a pulling way, the plurality of the atrial elastic strips 22 are tensioned between the whole beating position of an atrium and the atrial expansion wheel 21, the plurality of the atrial elastic strips 22 are fastened and fixed on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover 2, the plurality of the atrial elastic strips 22 are tensioned between the whole beating position of the atrium and the atrial expansion wheel 21, and the elastic ventricular elastic strips 12 and the atrial elastic strips 22 are used for pulling the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 so as to simulate the beating of the heart;
the ventricular elastic strip 12 and the atrial elastic strip 22 are strip-shaped spring pieces, so that the ventricular elastic strip is convenient to pull and elastically restore, and the ventricular elastic strip simulates the immediate diastole after the systole of the heart;
the atrial retraction wheel 21 is non-slidably arranged on the atrial limiting shaft 23 through a bearing, the ventricular retraction wheel 11 is non-slidably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft 13 through a bearing, so that the ventricular retraction wheel Zhang Lun 21 and the ventricular retraction wheel 11 can rotate to pull the ventricular elastic strip 12 and the atrial elastic strip 22 so as to retract the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2;
The adjusting rod 3 is in transition fit with the fixed shaft 4, so that the adjusting rod 3 can be telescopically adjusted on the fixed shaft 4, and the adjusting rod 3 can also rotate by taking the fixed shaft 4 as an axis, so that the atrial rotating rod 41 and the atrial rotating rod 32 can be conveniently stirred during rotation;
The ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 are all integral sealing cavities made of rubber, and stainless steel reinforcing ribs are arranged at the joints between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 and used for stably fixing the adjusting rod 3 and the fixing shaft 4 and can play a role in reinforcing the integral structure;
The adjusting rod 3 is arranged at one end outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, the rotating handle 33 is of a sheet structure, the adjusting rod 3 outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 is also carved with an adjusting mark 34, the mark of the adjusting mark 34 corresponds to the section position when the I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 and the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 are respectively matched with the ventricular folding wheel 11, so that the I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 or the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 can be accurately judged outside to be in butt joint with the ventricular folding wheel 11, and the clear adjustment of the different types of atrioventricular conduction blocks is facilitated to be displayed.
In one embodiment of the invention:
The embodiment of the invention provides a heart rhythm demonstration model capable of adjusting a beating rhythm, which solves the technical problems that: 1. the existing heartbeat model is not provided with a fixed model with a blood vessel flow direction basically; 2. the existing heart model is only fixed, can not beat, can not fully display the heartbeat and the beat rhythm, and is not convenient to display.
The technical effects are realized as follows: 1. the invention does not use electronic products, has high reliability, is convenient to use and carry, is more applicable to the environment, and can adjust and display different types of atrioventricular conduction block heart beat rhythms only by shaking hands;
2. The device enables the atrial rotating rod 41 to be respectively matched with the I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 and the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 in a different mode through the pulling of the adjusting rod 3, so that the adjustment of different beating rhythms of the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover is achieved, and the device is used for simulating the heart beating rhythms in different states, thereby achieving the purpose of displaying the different beating rhythms of the heartbeat;
3. The number and the angle of the atrial rotating rods 41 for atrial beating are fixed, and the number and the interval of the regulating rods 3 for ventricular transmission are variable and adjustable, so that when the atrial beating frequency is simulated to be fixed, the interval and the beating rhythm of the ventricles can be adjusted and changed, only the I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 or the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 is required to be adjusted for collocation, and only the regulating rods 3 are required to be drawn to complete, and the operation is simple;
4. The device uses the strip-shaped spring leaf as the ventricular elastic strip 12 and the atrial elastic strip 22, so that after the ventricular stretching wheel 11 and the atrial stretching wheel Zhang Lun are stressed and contracted, the device is elastically stretched due to the loss of external force, the simulated heartbeat is more vivid, the device does not need to be operated again, and the device can be completed only by rotating the adjusting rod 3, and is simple to operate.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention aims to solve the problems, and the overall thought is as follows:
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
When the invention is manufactured and installed, firstly, two hollow rubber capsules are made of rubber with moderate hardness and good toughness, the external shape is made into the shape of an adult heart, the internal part is hollow, one is made into the shape of a heart chamber cover 1, the other is made into the shape of an atrium, and the heart chamber cover 1 and the atrium chamber cover 2 are fused or adhered and fixed into an integral sealing cavity after all parts are assembled, and preferably, all parts are arranged in the heart chamber cover 1 and the atrium chamber cover 2 in advance, and then the heart chamber cover 1 and the atrium chamber cover 2 are molded into an integral structure;
The heart in the ventricular chamber cover 1 can beat, shrink or relax the position to fix the ventricular elastic strip 12, then insert and fix a ventricular limit shaft 13 on the ventricular chamber cover 1, the ventricular limit shaft 13 does not rotate, and install a ventricular extension wheel 11 on the ventricular limit shaft 13, the ventricular extension wheel 11 can rotate and install on the ventricular limit shaft 13 through the bearing, but the ventricular extension wheel 11 can not slide on the ventricular limit shaft 13, can only fix and rotate along the axis of the ventricular limit shaft 13 in the specific position, then tighten between inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and ventricular extension wheel 11 with the ventricular elastic strip 12, make the ventricular elastic strip 12 in the diastole state of the ventricle when not stressed, and ventricular extension wheel 11 is as shown in figure 4, just facing one end of the regulating rod 3 is hook-shaped structure;
The atrial chamber cover 2 has the same internal structure as the ventricular chamber cover 1, as shown in fig. 2, and the structures of the atrial contraction Zhang Lun, the atrial elastic strip 22 and the atrial stopper shaft 23 are the same as the internal structure of the ventricular chamber cover 1, so that when the atrial elastic strip 22 is not subjected to external force, the atrium is in a diastole state, and when the atrial elastic strip 22 is pulled by force, the outside of the atrial chamber cover 2 is in a contraction state;
Then a fixed shaft 4 is inserted and fixed between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, one end of the fixed shaft is inserted and tightly fixed inside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 through a bearing, the other end of the fixed shaft is suspended, an adjusting rod 3 is inserted through the suspended end of the fixed shaft 4, the adjusting rod 3 is a loop bar, the adjusting rod 3 can slide along the axis of the fixed shaft 4, meanwhile, the adjusting rod 3 can rotate along the fixed shaft 4, and the fixed shaft 4 can rotate along the bearing on the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 and can not be pulled out or retracted along the axis;
The adjusting rod 3 and the fixing shaft 4 are of stainless steel structures, the joint between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 is reinforced by stainless steel and fixed to be a reinforcing rib, the joint between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 does not need to be contracted or expanded to be pulled, and then the fixing shaft 4 is arranged on the reinforcing rib between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 through a bearing, so that the fixing shaft 4 can rotate along an axis, but cannot be pulled out and retracted, and can only rotate and cannot move;
The fixed shaft 4 is provided with n atrial rotating rods 41, 4 atrial rotating rods 41 are selected, n-1 is fixed on the adjusting rod 3, 3I-type ventricular rotating rods 31 and 3 II-type ventricular rotating rods 32 are selected, the angles of the adjacent atrial rotating rods 41 are fixed, the same angles between the 3I-type ventricular rotating rods 31 and the 3 II-type ventricular rotating rods 32 are also fixed, the atrial rotating rods 41 and the atrial tensioning wheel 21 are ensured to be always on the same plane capable of mutually poking, the fixed shaft 4 drives the atrial rotating rods 41 to rotate as long as the atrial rotating rods 41 rotate the fixed shaft 4 along with the adjusting rod 3, so that the atrial tensioning wheel 21 is poked, the rotating and poking frequency is fixed, the atrial tensioning wheel Zhang Lun 21 is evenly poked once by the n atrial rotating rods 41 every time the adjusting rod 3 rotates one circle, and the adjusting rod 3 can be pulled on the fixed shaft 4; three I-type ventricular rotating rods 31 and three II-type ventricular rotating rods 32 are fixed on the adjusting rod 3, the included angles among the three I-type ventricular rotating rods 31 are fixed, the included angle is increased, as shown in fig. 5, the included angle C is larger than the included angle A and larger than the included angle B, and the superposition fit front schematic of the three I-type ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrium rotating rod 41 is shown in fig. 8;
the I-type ventricular rotating rod 31 or the II-type ventricular rotating rod 32 can be respectively adjusted and then respectively alternately blocked with the ventricular extension wheel 11 for poking;
One end of the adjusting lever 3 is inserted into the fixed shaft 4, all the atrium rotating lever 41 and the type I ventricle rotating lever 31 and the type II ventricle rotating lever 32 are positioned inside the ventricle cavity cover 1 and the atrium cavity cover 2 and cannot be separated, the other end of the adjusting lever 3 is positioned outside the ventricle cavity cover 1 and the atrium cavity cover 2 and is used for manually rotating and pulling the adjusting lever 3, a rotating handle 33 is further arranged at one end of the adjusting lever 3 outside the ventricle cavity cover 1 and the atrium cavity cover 2, simultaneously, adjusting marks 34 with different proportions are also seal-cut at the outer end of the adjusting lever 3, and each adjusting mark 34 corresponds to the positions of each group of the atrium rotating lever 41 and the type I ventricle rotating lever 31 and the type II ventricle rotating lever 32, for example, when the type I ventricle rotating lever 31 and the ventricle tension wheel 11 are mutually poked and butted, and the first adjusting mark 34 is exactly aligned with the outer edges of the ventricle cavity cover 1 and the atrium cavity cover 2; likewise, when the type II ventricular swivelling lever 32 is brought into toggling abutment with the ventricular folding wheel 11, the second adjustment mark 34 is aligned exactly with the outer edges of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2; and the positions need to be precisely matched.
When the invention is used, when the heartbeat rhythm of the atrioventricular block is required to be displayed, the atrial rotating rod 41 is always in butt joint with the atrial expansion wheel 21, the adjusting rod 3 is firstly pulled, the adjusting rod 3 is pulled out on the fixed shaft 4, the plane of the I-shaped ventricular rotating rod 31 is in butt joint with the ventricular expansion wheel 11, at the moment, the matching angle of the atrial rotating rod 41 and the I-shaped ventricular rotating rod 31 is shown as figure 8, when the I-shaped ventricular rotating rod 31 and the ventricular expansion wheel 11 are mutually stirred, the intermittent atrial rotating rod 41 is also in butt joint with the ventricular expansion wheel 11, each time the ventricular expansion wheel 11 and the atrial expansion wheel Zhang Lun are stirred, the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 are pulled and contracted by the ventricular elastic strip 12 or the atrial elastic strip 22, then the heart rhythm displayed by the device is that the 1 st time of atrial contraction and relaxation, the 1 st time of ventricular contraction and relaxation, the 2 nd time of atrial contraction and relaxation, the 2 nd time of ventricular delay and relaxation, the 3 rd time of atrial contraction and relaxation, the 3 rd time of ventricular delay and relaxation, the 4 th time of atrial contraction and relaxation, the 1 st time of ventricular stop and relaxation, when the regulating rod 3 and the fixed shaft 4 are continuously rotated, the cycle is started again by the beating of the ventricles and the atria, the time interval of each atrial contraction and relaxation is the same, and the interval of each atrial contraction and relaxation of the ventricles is gradually prolonged, so that the heart rhythm simulation display of the I-type atrioventricular conduction block is achieved;
When the type II atrioventricular block heart is required to be simulated and displayed, the adjusting lever 3 is pressed, so that the type II atrioventricular rotating lever 32 and the ventricular opening and closing wheel 11 are mutually shifted, the angle difference between the type II atrioventricular rotating lever 32 and the atrial rotating lever 41 is matched with that shown in figure 9, the adjusting lever 3 is also rotated to drive the fixed shaft 4 to rotate, at the moment, the atrial rotating lever 41 shifts the atrial opening and closing wheel 21, the same ventricular opening and closing wheel 11 is shifted by the type II atrioventricular rotating lever 32, each time the ventricular opening and closing wheel 11 and the atrial opening and closing wheel Zhang Lun are shifted, the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 are both shifted by the ventricular elastic strip 12 or the atrial elastic strip 22, at the moment, the atrial rhythm displayed by the device is that the atrial opening and closing are 1 st, the ventricular opening and closing are 1 st, the atrial opening and closing are 2 nd, the atrial opening and closing are 1 st, the atrial opening and closing are 4 th, the atrial opening and closing are stopped, and the heart is completely and the same, and the heart is continuously displayed.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations of the invention in light of the spirit of the invention will be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A demonstration model of a second degree adjustable atrioventricular block comprising:
The ventricular chamber cover (1) is provided with a ventricular-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips (12) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular limiting shaft (13) is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular receiver Zhang Lun (11) is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft (13), and the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips (12) are fixedly connected with a ventricular receiver Zhang Lun (11);
The atrial chamber cover (2) is provided with an atrial-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of atrial elastic strips (22) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover, an atrial limiting shaft (23) is also fixedly arranged in the atrial chamber cover, an atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21) is rotatably arranged on the atrial limiting shaft (23), and the other ends of the atrial elastic strips (22) are fixedly connected with the atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21);
The fixed shaft (4) is a straight shaft and is rotatably inserted between the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2) through a bearing, and n atrial rotating rods (41) are uniformly arranged on the fixed shaft in a ring manner;
The adjusting rod (3) is a loop bar, can be inserted and pulled out and is arranged on the fixed shaft (4) in a sliding manner, one end of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), the other end of the adjusting rod is arranged on the fixed shaft (4) in the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2) in a telescopic manner, n-1I-type ventricular rotating rods (31) and n-1 II-type ventricular rotating rods (32) are arranged on the adjusting rod, and each atrial rotating rod (41), each I-type ventricular rotating rod (31) and each II-type ventricular rotating rod (32) are arranged in the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2);
n atrial rotating rods (41) are uniformly arranged on the same cross section of the fixed shaft (4) in a surrounding mode, and n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31) are arranged on the same cross section of the adjusting rod (3) in a surrounding mode;
n-1 II type ventricular rotating rods (32) are annularly arranged on the same cross section of the adjusting rod (3), cross sections of the atrial rotating rod (41), the I type ventricular rotating rod (31) and the II type ventricular rotating rod (32) are annularly arranged in parallel,
The adjusting rod (3) rotates synchronously with the fixed shaft (4) through a flat key;
Each atrial rotating rod (41) can be separated and mutually poked with an atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21), and each I-type ventricular rotating rod (31) and each II-type ventricular rotating rod (32) can be separated and mutually poked with a ventricular contraction Zhang Lun (11);
the included angles among n-1I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31) are sequentially increased;
The n-1 type II ventricular rotating rods (32) are uniformly spaced, are in one-to-one correspondence with the n atrial rotating rods (41), and are free from the positions of the type II ventricular rotating rods (32) corresponding to the n atrial rotating rods (41);
An atrial rotating rod (41) is clamped in the cross section projection range of an included angle A and an included angle B between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31), two atrial rotating rods (41) are clamped in the cross section range of an included angle C between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31), the deviation angle between the atrial rotating rods (41) and the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31) is fixed, and the projection included angle between the I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31) and the adjacent atrial rotating rods (41) is not more than 90 degrees;
a plurality of ventricular elastic strips (12) are fixedly pulled on the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover (1), and the ventricular elastic strips (12) are tightly stretched between all beating positions of ventricles and ventricular contractions Zhang Lun (11);
a plurality of the atrial elastic strips (22) are fixedly fastened on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover (2), and the atrial elastic strips (22) are tightly stretched between all jumping positions of the atrium and the atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21).
2. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 1, wherein: n is 4;
the included angle interval between the 4 atrial rotating rods (41) is 90 degrees;
The included angles among the 3I-shaped ventricular rotating rods (31) are as follows: the included angle B is smaller than the included angle A and smaller than the included angle C;
the intervals among the 3 type II ventricular rotating rods (32) are 90 degrees, and the intervals are uniformly distributed on the 180-degree circumference of the regulating rod (3).
3. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 2, wherein: the II-type ventricular rotating rod (32) and the atrial rotating rod (41) are arranged at a 45-degree interval in the cross section projection deflection, and two atrial rotating rods (41) are arranged on the 180-degree circumferential cross section projection of one side of the II-type ventricular rotating rod (32) which is not arranged.
4. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 1, wherein: the ventricular elastic strip (12) and the atrial elastic strip (22) are strip-shaped spring pieces.
5. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 1, wherein: the atrial pod Zhang Lun (21) is non-slidably mounted on the atrial shaft (23) via a bearing, and the ventricular pod Zhang Lun (11) is non-slidably mounted on the ventricular shaft (13) via a bearing.
6. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting rod (3) is in transition fit with the fixed shaft (4).
7. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 1, wherein: the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2) are all integral sealing cavities made of rubber, and stainless steel reinforcing ribs are arranged at joints between the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2).
8. A demonstration model of a second-degree adjustable atrioventricular block according to claim 1, wherein: the adjustable rod (3) is arranged at one end of the outer part of the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), the rotary handle (33) is of a sheet structure, the adjustable rod (3) of the outer part of the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2) is also provided with an adjusting mark (34), and the mark of the adjusting mark (34) corresponds to the section position of the I-shaped ventricular rotary rod (31) and the II-shaped ventricular rotary rod (32) when the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2) are matched with the ventricle receiver Zhang Lun (11) respectively.
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