CN112836944A - A method for establishing the evaluation model of borehole stability in deep and ultra-deep wells - Google Patents
A method for establishing the evaluation model of borehole stability in deep and ultra-deep wells Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种深井、超深井井壁稳定评价模型的建立方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1：获取采集岩样开展岩石力学实验，获取岩石力学参数；步骤2：根据步骤1得到的实验数据，绘制强度‑围压曲线；步骤3：获取笛卡尔坐标系下井周应力分布模型，得到井壁上三个主应力的表达式；步骤4：根据强度准则判据得到井壁坍塌压力判据，将步骤3得到的主应力表达式，代入强度准则判据，得到井壁坍塌压力当量密度计算模型；步骤5：根据钻井参数和步骤4得到的井壁坍塌压力当量密度计算模型对井壁稳定性进行评价；本发明模型提高了深井、超深井条件下地层坍塌压力计算的精确度；井壁稳定性评价方法更加合理，能够更加准确的评价井壁稳定性。
The invention discloses a method for establishing a wellbore stability evaluation model for deep wells and ultra-deep wells, comprising the following steps: step 1: acquiring and collecting rock samples to carry out rock mechanics experiments, and acquiring rock mechanics parameters; step 2: according to the experimental data obtained in step 1 , draw the strength-confining pressure curve; Step 3: Obtain the stress distribution model around the borehole in the Cartesian coordinate system, and obtain the expressions of the three principal stresses on the borehole wall; Step 4: Obtain the borehole wall collapse pressure criterion according to the strength criterion criterion, Substitute the principal stress expression obtained in step 3 into the strength criterion criterion to obtain the calculation model of the equivalent density of the wellbore collapse pressure; Step 5: According to the drilling parameters and the calculation model of the equivalent density of the wellbore collapse pressure obtained in step 4, the stability of the wellbore evaluation; the model of the invention improves the accuracy of formation collapse pressure calculation under conditions of deep wells and ultra-deep wells; the evaluation method of wellbore stability is more reasonable and can more accurately evaluate wellbore stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas geology and development, in particular to a method for establishing a stability evaluation model of a well wall of a deep well or an ultra-deep well.
Background
As shallow oil and gas development in China enters the middle and later stages, exploration and development of oil and gas are started to face deep strata, the environment of the deep strata is very complex, and if fracture pressure and collapse pressure of the strata cannot be accurately predicted, accidents such as well leakage and well collapse are easily caused, normal operation of a drilling process and later-stage production are affected, and huge economic loss is caused. The nonlinear characteristic of rock strength under the condition of high confining pressure is not considered in the linear Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion of the traditional borehole wall stability evaluation model, and the predicted borehole wall collapse pressure equivalent density is too conservative, so that the problems of low drilling speed, high damage, stuck drilling, pressure leakage stratum and the like are caused. The density of the drilling fluid is one of the most critical parameters in drilling construction, and is too low, blowout and kick occur, well wall collapse and too high, the drilling speed is reduced, a reservoir stratum is damaged, stuck drilling is caused, and well leakage is induced.
To address these problems, scholars at home and abroad have conducted a great deal of research, such as: the method comprises the steps of analyzing influences of different strength criteria and strength criteria parameter selection on well wall stability and the like (Zhangming, Nawaofeu, Yang Bozhong, Shaoshua, Zhao Peng, Zhao Wei, well periphery shearing instability area analysis based on the modified Mogi-Coulomb criteria [ J ]. broken block oil and gas field, 2020,27(05):647-652, Yuan Yang, deep well ultra-deep well rock strength criteria applicability theoretical research [ A ]. Chinese mechanics institute, Beijing university of science 20157, China mechanics university-2017 and Qing China mechanics institute establishment of 60-week college (A) [ C ]. China mechanics institute, Beijing university of science 20157: 9, Zhu Su Jiangxi, Cheng Xin, summer pion, and Hoek-Brown rock mechanics parameter determination method [ J ]. Yangtze academy, Yangtze scientific institute 2015117).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for establishing a stability evaluation model of a well wall of a deep well or an ultra-deep well, aiming at the defects of the existing stability evaluation model of the well wall.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for establishing a stability evaluation model of a well wall of a deep well or an ultra-deep well comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring collected rock samples to carry out rock mechanics experiments, and acquiring rock mechanics parameters;
step 2: drawing an intensity-confining pressure curve according to the experimental data obtained in the step 1;
and step 3: acquiring a distribution model of the underground circumferential stress of a Cartesian coordinate system to obtain expressions of three main stresses on a well wall;
and 4, step 4: obtaining a borehole wall collapse pressure criterion according to the strength criterion, substituting the main stress expression obtained in the step (3) into the strength criterion to obtain a borehole wall collapse pressure equivalent density calculation model;
and 5: and (4) evaluating the stability of the well wall according to the drilling parameters and the well wall collapse pressure equivalent density calculation model obtained in the step (4).
Further, the mechanical experiment in the step 1 is uniaxial and triaxial rock mechanical parameter test; the obtained rock mechanical parameters comprise: uniaxial compressive strength of a rock sample, triaxial compressive strength of the rock sample under different confining pressures, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio.
Further, the intensity criterion in the step 4 comprises a Mohr-Coulomb linear criterion, a Hoke-Brown nonlinear yield criterion and a Bieniowski power function criterion.
Further, the stress distribution model under the cartesian coordinate system in step 3 is as follows:
in the formula, σθIs the circumferential stress, σzFor axial stress, σrFor radial stress, τθzTo be in situ shouldA force component; sigma1、σ2、σ3The size order of (2) is arranged in a specific calculation;
the three main stress expressions on the well wall are as follows:
in the formula: p is a radical ofwfIs the drilling fluid column pressure, σH1Is the maximum horizontal principal stress, σH2At minimum level of principal stress, σvIs the vertical stress, alpha is the effective stress coefficient, ppIs the pore pressure.
Further, the drilling parameters in the step 5 include maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, vertical stress, pore pressure, well diameter radius, well depth, poisson's ratio and effective stress coefficient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the well wall stability evaluation model established by the invention improves the accuracy of stratum collapse pressure calculation under the conditions of deep wells and ultra-deep wells;
(2) the critical density of the drilling fluid can be determined according to the borehole wall stability evaluation model, and is far lower than the actual critical density of the drilling fluid accurately determined by M-C under the high confining pressure environment, so that the drilling cost is greatly reduced, the drilling speed is effectively improved, and the stratum shearing damage caused by overlarge density of the drilling fluid is avoided, so that the drilling fluid is greatly invaded into the borehole wall, the strength of the surrounding rock of the borehole wall is reduced, and the borehole wall is unstable;
(3) the method for evaluating the stability of the well wall is more reasonable and can evaluate the stability of the well wall more accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows fitting results of different intensity criteria according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a well-circumferential stress distribution of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a borehole wall stability analysis result obtained from the borehole wall stability evaluation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Taking a certain well of the family of beard river as an example, the stability of the well wall is analyzed and evaluated. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a certain well level of a beard river group, and collecting corresponding well drilling data; the well data including the maximum horizontal principal stress sigmaH1Minimum horizontal principal stress σH2Vertical stress σvPore pressure ppRadius of well diameter rwWell depth H, poisson's ratio μ, effective stress coefficient α.
And then finding out the ground outcrop of the underground rock stratum, avoiding a fracture zone and a high tectonic stress zone, and making a massive rock sample or a rock core by clearing a surface weathering zone. The reason for looking for formation outcrops in research areas is that the petroleum industry has specificity completely different from other industries, and the operation targets are deep or ultra-deep rock bodies which are thousands of meters underground. Therefore, the method has the characteristics of wide range, high precision, more parameters, high temperature and high pressure, more types of target rock masses, large rock mass property difference and the like in the test of rock parameters. This requires a particularly large number of tests and a large number of samples; meanwhile, the target rock mass in the petroleum industry is deeply buried, the operation space is small, and the sample acquisition cost is high, the difficulty is large, the size is small, and the number is small. When the underground rock core cannot be obtained or the number of the underground rock cores is not enough, finding out the ground outcrop of the underground rock stratum, avoiding a fracture zone and a high tectonic stress zone, removing a surface weathering zone, and preparing a rock sample with the diameter multiplied by the length of 25mm multiplied by 50 mm.
Step 1: and acquiring collected rock samples to carry out rock mechanics experiments, and acquiring rock mechanics parameters.
Firstly, homogeneity screening is carried out on the prepared rock sample, including longitudinal and transverse wave velocity measurement, pore permeability parameter test and density test, so that heterogeneous rock is removed, and the influence of the heterogeneity of the rock sample on an experimental result is reduced. Then, single-axis and three-axis rock mechanical parameter tests are carried out on the rock sample, and the rock parameters required to be obtained comprise: uniaxial compressive strength of a rock sample, triaxial compressive strength of the rock sample under different confining pressure conditions, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio.
The parameters of the rock sample selected in this example are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 rock sample mechanics parameter table
Step 2: drawing an intensity-confining pressure curve according to the experimental data obtained in the step 1, and discussing a linear Mohr-Coulomb linear rule, a Hoke-Brown nonlinear yield rule and a Bieniowski power function rule; and the accuracy and the applicability of the Bieniaswski power function criterion to rock strength evaluation under different confining pressure conditions.
Under the condition that the well depth is 5000m, the wall surrounding rock of the well is in a high surrounding pressure state, and under the state, the evaluation of the rock strength by the Hoke-Brown strength criterion is more accurate. Therefore, in the embodiment, a collapse pressure well wall stability model is established based on the Hoke-Brown intensity criterion. The intensity criteria fit results are shown in fig. 1.
And step 3: and acquiring a Cartesian coordinate system downhole circumferential stress distribution model, and deducing to obtain expressions of three main stresses on the well wall as shown in FIG. 2.
The stress distribution model under the Cartesian coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula, σθIs the circumferential stress, σzFor axial stress, σrFor radial stress, τθzIs the in-situ stress component; sigma1、σ2、σ3The size order of (2) is arranged in a specific calculation;
in the porous continuous medium, the acting force of formation mineral particles and the pore pressure support the external total stress, namely the effective stress is equal to the difference between the total pressure and the pore pressure; the greater the effective stress, the stronger the rock is resistant to deformation. According to the effective stress theory, for the stratum with any well inclination angle and well inclination azimuth angle, three main stress expressions of radial, axial and circumferential effective stresses of the well wall after drilling are as follows:
in the formula: p is a radical ofwfIs the drilling fluid column pressure, σH1Is the maximum horizontal principal stress, σH2At minimum level of principal stress, σvIs the vertical stress, alpha is the effective stress coefficient, ppIs the pore pressure.
And 4, step 4: obtaining a borehole wall collapse pressure criterion according to the strength criterion, substituting the main stress expression obtained in the step (3) into the strength criterion to obtain a borehole wall collapse pressure equivalent density calculation model;
substituting the maximum principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress into a criterion of Hoke-Brown intensity criterion to obtain a new model for calculating the equivalent density of the stable collapse pressure of the well wall, which is as follows:
and 5: and (4) evaluating the stability of the well wall according to the drilling parameters (the drilling parameters of a certain well of the Hejiahe are selected in the embodiment) and the calculation model of the equivalent density of the collapse pressure of the well wall obtained in the step (4), as shown in fig. 3.
Drilling fluid density rho is 1.2g/cm3The results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Bessen river group certain well parameter
The borehole wall stability evaluation analysis refers to the change of borehole wall collapse pressure equivalent density along with the change of the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the borehole, as shown in figure 3. The well wall stability analysis software selected in the embodiment is MathCAD software, and the software is used as special software for engineering calculation, and can express the problem to be solved in a mode of writing a formula on a blackboard in a similar manner. The results are returned by the formation calculation engine and displayed on the screen. In MathCAD softwareInputting formation parameters, including: maximum horizontal principal stress σH12.3MPa/100m, minimum level principal stress sigmaH21.7MPa/100 m; vertical stress sigmav2.3MPa/100 m; pore pressure equivalent density pp＝1.1g/cm3Radius of well diameter rw0.108m, 5000m for well depth, 0.63 for effective stress coefficient alpha, 40.21MPa for cohesion C, and internal friction angle
The actual drilling fluid density is 1.2g/cm3。
The analysis result shows that the equivalent density of the borehole wall collapse pressure under the formation condition is reduced along with the increase of the well inclination angle; the critical density of the drilling fluid determined by the method is far lower than the actual critical density of the drilling fluid determined by the M-C rule under the high confining pressure environment, so that the drilling cost is greatly reduced, the drilling speed is effectively improved, and the shearing damage of the stratum caused by the overlarge density of the drilling fluid is avoided, so that the drilling fluid is greatly invaded into the well wall, the strength of the surrounding rock of the well wall is reduced, and the instability of the well wall is caused. Therefore, the collapse pressure prediction method provided by the method is more reasonable, and the stability of the well wall can be more accurately evaluated.
Claims (5)
1. A method for establishing a stability evaluation model of a well wall of a deep well or an ultra-deep well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring collected rock samples to carry out rock mechanics experiments, and acquiring rock mechanics parameters;
step 2: drawing an intensity-confining pressure curve according to the experimental data obtained in the step 1;
and step 3: acquiring a distribution model of the underground circumferential stress of a Cartesian coordinate system to obtain expressions of three main stresses on a well wall;
and 4, step 4: obtaining a borehole wall collapse pressure criterion according to the strength criterion, substituting the main stress expression obtained in the step (3) into the strength criterion to obtain a borehole wall collapse pressure equivalent density calculation model;
and 5: and (4) evaluating the stability of the well wall according to the drilling parameters and the well wall collapse pressure equivalent density calculation model obtained in the step (4).
2. The method for establishing the stability evaluation model for the well wall of the deep well and the ultra-deep well according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical experiment in the step 1 is a uniaxial rock mechanical parameter test and a triaxial rock mechanical parameter test; the obtained rock mechanical parameters comprise: uniaxial compressive strength of a rock sample, triaxial compressive strength of the rock sample under different confining pressures, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio.
3. The method for establishing the deep well and ultra-deep well wall stability evaluation model according to claim 1, wherein the strength criterion in the step 4 comprises a Mohr-Coulomb linear criterion, a Hoke-Brown nonlinear yield criterion and a Bieniawski power function criterion.
4. The method for establishing the stability evaluation model for the walls of the deep wells and the ultra-deep wells according to claim 1, wherein the stress distribution model in the cartesian coordinate system in the step 3 is as follows:
in the formula, σθIs the circumferential stress, σzFor axial stress, σrFor radial stress, τθzIs the in-situ stress component;
the three main stress expressions on the well wall are as follows:
in the formula: p is a radical ofwfIs the drilling fluid column pressure, σH1Is the maximum horizontal principal stress, σH2At minimum level of principal stress, σvIs the vertical stress, alpha is the effective stress coefficient, ppIs the pore pressure.
5. The method for establishing the stability evaluation model for the walls of the deep wells and the ultra-deep wells according to claim 1, wherein the drilling parameters in the step 5 comprise maximum horizontal main stress, minimum horizontal main stress, vertical stress, pore pressure, well diameter radius, well depth, Poisson's ratio and effective stress coefficient.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114460267A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Well wall stability simulation method and device based on joint surface roughness |
| CN114776286A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Borehole wall stability evaluation method, device and equipment and drilling fluid treatment agent optimization method |
| CN115075810A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-20 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Three-dimensional ground stress measurement method for coring on side wall of drill hole |
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2021
- 2021-01-18 CN CN202110059759.7A patent/CN112836944A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114460267A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Well wall stability simulation method and device based on joint surface roughness |
| CN114460267B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-09-15 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Well wall stability simulation method and device based on joint surface roughness |
| CN114776286A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Borehole wall stability evaluation method, device and equipment and drilling fluid treatment agent optimization method |
| CN115075810A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-20 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Three-dimensional ground stress measurement method for coring on side wall of drill hole |
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