CN112836392B - Experimental device and method for researching combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in turbulent flow field - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for researching combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in turbulent flow field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种研究湍流场中煤粉颗粒燃烧特性的实验装置及方法，属于煤粉燃烧技术领域。上盖板、中间板和下盖板依次固定连接，上盖板与中间板的内部通道连通形成密闭的燃烧腔室；中间板内部设有若干与燃烧腔室相切的狭缝，狭缝分别连接有气流入口，气流入口与燃料系统和氧化剂系统连接；外部石英管下端与上盖板连接且与燃烧腔室连通；中心给粉管的出口伸入燃烧腔室，入口与煤粉系统连接；内部石英管同轴嵌套在外部石英管内部，并且与外部石英管下端具有间距；中心给粉管的出口端内部设有旋片。本发明能够精确控制流场湍流强度，且场内温度和组分分布均匀，实现在不同湍流环境下煤粉颗粒的燃烧特性的研究。
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for studying the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field, and belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal combustion. The upper cover plate, the middle plate and the lower cover plate are fixedly connected in sequence, and the upper cover plate is communicated with the inner channel of the middle plate to form a closed combustion chamber; the middle plate is provided with a number of slits tangent to the combustion chamber, and the slits are respectively The air inlet is connected, and the air inlet is connected with the fuel system and the oxidant system; the lower end of the outer quartz tube is connected with the upper cover plate and communicated with the combustion chamber; the outlet of the central powder feeding pipe extends into the combustion chamber, and the inlet is connected with the pulverized coal system; The inner quartz tube is coaxially nested inside the outer quartz tube and has a distance from the lower end of the outer quartz tube; a rotary vane is arranged inside the outlet end of the central powder feeding tube. The invention can precisely control the turbulent flow intensity of the flow field, and the temperature and components in the field are evenly distributed, so as to realize the research on the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles under different turbulent flow environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal combustion, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for researching combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field.
Background
The coal powder combustion is a process involving complex variables such as transient state, multiphase, multi-component, high temperature, turbulence and the like, and the research on the coal powder combustion mechanism spans different time and space scales. The existing industrial boiler and power station boiler have large capacity and large scale, and most of the measurement and numerical simulation based on the actual boiler are based on the statistical time average or space average measurement of Euler field, so that the analysis of the particle level mechanism level is difficult to achieve. In order to better perform combustion adjustment inside a hearth and lay a theoretical foundation for realizing clean coal combustion, deep theoretical research needs to be carried out on the mechanism law in the pulverized coal combustion process.
Most of the existing theoretical researches aiming at the coal dust combustion process are carried out on laboratory-scale small-scale experimental platforms. Most of research objects concerned about the research of the coal powder combustion mechanism are single particles or small-flow dispersed coal powder particle flow, so that most of combustors are in an external heating mode rather than a self-maintaining combustion device. Common laboratory platforms for studying coal dust combustion characteristics are thermogravimetric analyzers, wire mesh reactors, drop tube furnaces and flat flame burners, and the coal dust combustion characteristics mainly concerned include coal dust pyrolysis, ignition, volatile matter combustion, coke combustion characteristics and the like. The reactor can support the research on the combustion characteristics of more systematic (different environmental temperatures and component concentrations) pulverized coal, and the working condition adjustment is more flexible. For a flat flame burner, the optical visibility is better, the real-time dynamic observation of the pulverized coal combustion process can be met, and therefore the flat flame burner is widely adopted. It should be noted that the above experimental platforms are all based on experimental design under simplified laminar flow conditions, and the atmosphere inside the experimental platforms is static gas or a flow environment with a small reynolds number, and the influence of turbulence is ignored. However, for an actual boiler furnace, due to the arrangement of the burners and the complex combustion environment, an environment with a large turbulence degree and a large flame stretching rate is arranged inside the furnace, and the energy, component transport characteristics and chemical reaction characteristics in a turbulent flow field are greatly changed compared with the laminar flow working condition. The pulverized coal combustion process is a process involving mass transfer, momentum transfer, energy transfer and chemical reactions, and the influence of turbulence on the mass transfer and the chemical reactions directly acts on the pulverized coal combustion process. Therefore, in order to better simulate the combustion behavior of the pulverized coal particles in the actual hearth, the turbulent flow field in the actual hearth is simulated on the small-scale combustor in the laboratory, and the research on the influence of the turbulent flow field on the pulverized coal combustion is of great significance.
The influence of a turbulent flow field on pulverized coal particle combustion is considered in some research works, a pulverized coal combustion experiment is carried out on the basis of a 40kW coaxial jet flow cyclone combustor, and the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal on the combustor are researched. However, the research is mainly concerned about the influence of the concentration of components in the environment on the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles, and the discussion of the influence of turbulence is lacking. This is due in part to the difficulty in accurately adjusting the turbulence field generated by the combustor.
Meanwhile, most of the existing researches still research the behavior of the turbulent flow field from the perspective of Euler field, and the detailed discussion of the combustion behavior of the pulverized coal particles in the turbulent flow field is lacked. For example, patent publication No. CN109595548B reports a dense-dilute back-mixing type swirling pulverized coal burner, which can realize dense-dilute back mixing and dense-dilute staged combustion of pulverized coal inside the burner, thereby facilitating ignition and stable combustion of pulverized coal, but the operating conditions of the burner still limit the feasibility of deep exploration of the influence of single particle level on turbulent flow field, and the fixed burner structure limits the reasonable adjustment of its internal turbulent flow field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for studying the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field, which can accurately control the turbulence intensity of the flow field, and the temperature and components in the flow field are uniformly distributed, thereby realizing the study of the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles in different turbulent flow environments.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an experimental device for researching the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field, which comprises an internal quartz tube, an external quartz tube, an upper cover plate, a middle plate, a lower cover plate and a central powder supply tube, wherein the internal quartz tube is arranged in the turbulent flow field;
the upper cover plate, the middle plate and the lower cover plate are fixedly connected in sequence, and the upper cover plate is communicated with an internal channel of the middle plate to form a closed combustion chamber; a plurality of slits tangent to the combustion chamber are arranged in the middle plate, outlets of the slits are distributed along the same rotary direction, the slits are respectively connected with an airflow inlet, and the airflow inlet is connected with a fuel system and an oxidant system; the lower end of the external quartz tube is connected with the upper cover plate and communicated with the combustion chamber; the outlet of the central powder feeding pipe extends into the combustion chamber, and the inlet is connected with a pulverized coal system; the inner quartz tube is coaxially nested in the outer quartz tube, and the lower end of the inner quartz tube and the lower end of the outer quartz tube have a distance; the inner part of the outlet end of the central powder feeding pipe is provided with a rotary vane.
Preferably, the slits are equally spaced.
Preferably, adjacent gas stream inlets are connected to the fuel system and the oxidant system respectively.
Preferably, the air flow velocities at the exit of all slits are equal.
Preferably, the flow rate of the entrained air in the central powder feed tube is less than 1% of the total flow rate of the air flow at the outlet of all the slits.
Preferably, the distance between the outlet of the central powder feeding pipe and the outlet of the slit is 50 to 100 percent of the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube.
Preferably, the distance between the lower end of the inner quartz tube and the lower end of the outer quartz tube is 50 to 100 percent of the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube.
Preferably, the helix angle of the rotor is < 45 °.
Preferably, the spiral direction of the spiral sheet is consistent with the spiral direction of the slit outlet.
The invention discloses a method for researching by adopting the experimental device for researching the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field, which comprises the following steps:
the fuel and the oxidant enter the slit from the airflow inlet and then enter the combustion chamber from the tangential direction, semi-premixed fuel gas is formed after mixing, after ignition, the flame axially develops upwards along the combustion chamber and is constrained by an external quartz tube, and swirl flame with high turbulence is formed; the inner quartz tube divides the flame into a flame array area with large temperature gradient near the wall and a combustion product area with uniformly distributed inner temperature components; the pulverized coal particles are conveyed to a combustion product area from a central powder feeding pipe and are combusted in a high-temperature turbulent flow field; according to the required working condition, the temperature and the component concentration are controlled, the adjustment of the turbulent field strength is realized by changing the sectional area of the slit under the condition of not changing the temperature and the component concentration, and the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles under different turbulent environments are researched.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the experimental device for researching the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles in the turbulent flow field, the external flame field generated by fuel combustion provides a stable high-temperature environment for pulverized coal combustion, and the external quartz tube ensures the visibility of observation of the pulverized coal combustion process; the fuel and the oxidant enter the combustor through tangentially arranged slit jet flow and are rapidly mixed and combusted, so that a high-temperature environment with high turbulence is provided for the combustion of the pulverized coal particles; the arrangement of the internal quartz tube ensures that pulverized coal particles can always stay in a central high-temperature flow field area with uniform temperature, and the influence of a near-wall low-temperature area on an experiment is avoided; controllable device parameters provide controllable environment for combustion, and parameter adjustment of the experiment platform is simplified through the modularized experiment device structure. The device can accurately control the turbulence intensity of the flow field, each parameter can be flexibly adjusted according to the experimental requirement, the temperature and the component distribution in the flow field are uniform, and the research on the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles under different turbulence environments is realized.
Furthermore, the slits are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, so that the flow field inside the combustion chamber can be uniformly distributed.
Further, adjacent gas flow inlets connect the fuel system and the oxidizer system, respectively, which can prevent fuel flashback.
Further, the air flow velocities at the outlets of all the slits are equal, and the formed flow field is uniform and stable.
Furthermore, the flow of the carrying airflow in the central powder feeding pipe is less than 1% of the total flow of the airflow at the outlets of all the slits, so that the influence of the carrying airflow on a temperature field can be reduced.
Furthermore, the distance between the outlet of the central powder feeding pipe and the outlet of the slit is 50-100% of the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube, so that the uniform high-temperature field after the pulverized coal particles enter the flame is ensured.
Furthermore, the distance between the lower end of the inner quartz tube and the lower end of the outer quartz tube is 50% -100% of the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube, so that the space for full development of flame is provided, and pulverized coal particles are prevented from entering a low-temperature area close to the wall surface.
Furthermore, the helix angle of the spiral sheet is less than 45 degrees, so that the blockage of the movement of the pulverized coal airflow, which causes the blockage of the pipeline, is prevented.
Furthermore, the rotating direction of the rotary vane is consistent with that of the slit outlet, so that the influence of airflow carrying pulverized coal on a high-temperature airflow field is reduced, and the mixing is more uniform.
The method for researching the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles in the turbulent flow field can control the temperature and the component concentration according to the required working condition, realize the adjustment of the intensity of the turbulent flow field by changing the sectional area of the slit under the condition of not changing the temperature and the component concentration, and research the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles in different turbulent flow environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental apparatus for studying the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an intermediate plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the upper cover plate;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of particle motion trajectories with and without an internal quartz tube.
In the figure: 1-bracket, 2-inner quartz tube, 3-outer quartz tube, 4-upper cover plate, 5-middle plate, 6-lower cover plate, 7-central powder feeding tube, 8-rotary plate, 501-airflow inlet; 502-a slit; 401-quartz tube embedding concave station; 402-inner diameter of concave land; 403-outer diameter of concave land.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting:
referring to fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for studying the combustion characteristics of pulverized coal particles in a turbulent flow field according to the present invention comprises a support 1, an inner quartz tube 2, an outer quartz tube 3, an upper cover plate 4, an intermediate plate 5, a lower cover plate 6, and a central powder feeding tube 7.
The support 1 mainly comprises a base part and a cantilever clamp part, wherein the base part is used for bearing the lower cover plate 6 and fixing the central powder feeding pipe 7, the upper part is used for hanging and fixing the inner quartz tube 2, and the cantilever clamp part is adjustable in the horizontal and height directions and can conveniently adjust the relative position of the inner quartz tube 2 in the outer quartz tube 3.
The upper cover plate 4, the middle plate 5 and the lower cover plate 6 are fixedly connected in sequence, the inner channels of the upper cover plate 4 and the middle plate 5 are communicated to form a closed combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is generally cylindrical.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of slits 502 tangential to the combustion chamber are formed in the middle plate 5, outlets of the plurality of slits 502 are distributed along the same spiral direction, the slits 502 are respectively connected with a gas flow inlet 501, and the gas flow inlet 501 is connected with a fuel system and an oxidant system. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the slits 502 is 4, and the slits are uniformly distributed at equal intervals; preferably, adjacent gas stream inlets 501 are connected to the fuel system and the oxidant system, respectively; the air flow velocities at the exit of all slits 502 are equal.
It should be noted that the cross-sectional area of the slit 502 may be rectangular or circular, and the flow rate of the internal airflow can be precisely controlled by arranging a valve in the slit 502.
The lower end of the external quartz tube 3 is connected with the upper cover plate 4 and communicated with the combustion chamber. Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment of the present invention, a quartz tube insertion recess 401 is formed in the upper cover plate 4, and has a recess inner diameter 402 equal to the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube 3 and a recess outer diameter 403 equal to the outer diameter of the outer quartz tube 3.
The central powder feeding pipe 7 penetrates through the middle plate 5 and the lower cover plate 6, the outlet extends into the combustion chamber, and the inlet is connected with a pulverized coal system; the inner quartz tube 2 is coaxially nested inside the outer quartz tube 3, and the lower end of the inner quartz tube 2 is spaced from the lower end of the outer quartz tube 3, preferably, the distance between the lower end of the inner quartz tube 2 and the lower end of the outer quartz tube 3 is 50% -100% of the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube 3. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow rate of the air flow carried in the central powder feeding pipe 7 is less than 1% of the total flow rate of the air flow at the outlet of all the slits 502; the distance between the outlet of the central powder feeding pipe 7 and the outlet of the slit 502 is 50 to 100 percent of the inner diameter of the outer quartz tube 3.
The outlet end of the central powder feeding pipe 7 is internally provided with a rotary vane 8. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the helix angle of the rotor blade 8 is < 45 ° and the direction of rotation of the rotor blade 8 coincides with the direction of rotation of the outlet of the slot 502.
The operation and principle of the invention are further explained below with a specific embodiment:
for pulverized coal particles, the combustion mode belongs to an external heating auxiliary combustion mode. Pulverized coal particles are injected into a high-temperature multi-component field with strong turbulence, the turbulence intensity of the flow field is changed through structure adjustment, and the combustion characteristics of the pulverized coal particles under different turbulence intensity conditions are researched under the condition that other environment variables are controlled to be unchanged. The upper cover plate 4 and the lower cover plate 6 tightly clamp the middle plate 5 to form the main body part of the burner. An outer quartz tube 3 is embedded in the upper cover plate 4, forming a flame development channel. The inner quartz tube 2 is suspended from the upper end of the outer quartz tube 3 and fitted into the outer quartz tube 3, and divides the inner region of the outer quartz tube 3 into two separate regions. In the burner, fuel and oxidant respectively enter a combustion chamber through a slit 502 (four corner tangential circles) arranged tangentially on the middle plate 5, and the fuel and oxidant entering through high-speed jet flow are rapidly mixed to form semi-premixed fuel gas. The semi-premixed gas is ignited by an external energy source, and the flame develops along the axial direction of the combustor to form a swirl flame with high turbulence. The burner adopts an outer quartz tube 3 to restrain flame axially, and an inner quartz tube 2 divides the flame into a flame array area with large temperature gradient close to the wall and a combustion product area with uniformly distributed inner temperature components. The use of a high temperature glass quartz tube ensures visibility of the flame. The coal dust particles are fed into the uniform flame gas at the center of the burner through a central powder feeding pipe 7 into which the lower cover plate 6 extends, and the distance between the coal dust particles and the flame gas is generally 2-3 cm above the outlet of the slit 502; pyrolysis, combustion and the like occur in the high-temperature turbulent flow field. The flow rate of the carrying airflow in the central powder feeding pipe 7 is lower than 1% of the main path airflow, so that the influence of the carrying airflow on the temperature field is reduced. The rotary vane 8 is arranged in the central powder feeding pipe 7 close to the outlet, the spiral angle of the rotary vane is not too large and is generally smaller than 45 degrees, so that airflow carrying pulverized coal enters a high-temperature field at a certain rotation degree, and the mixing of the powder feeding airflow and the high-temperature airflow is enhanced.
The key parameters of the burner are the swirl number of the burner, which is closely related to the width w and height h of the jet inlet slit, the flame path diameter (inner diameter of the outer quartz tube 3) D, taking the rectangular cross-section slit 502 as an example. I.e. the ratio of the axial flux of the tangential momentum to the axial momentum flux, can be obtained by a simplified calculation according to the following formula:
according to the formula, the swirl number of the internal flow field of the combustor can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the width w and the height h of the slit, so that the turbulence intensity of the internal flow field is controlled. Because the combustor main part comprises upper cover plate 4, lower cover plate 6 and intermediate lamella 5, and it is closely laminated through bolted connection's mode, consequently when adjusting the slit size, through the mode of direct replacement intermediate lamella 5, avoided overall structure's replacement to the experiment platform has been simplified.
The outer quartz tube 3 serves on the one hand to confine the flame and to provide a developing channel for the flame, and on the other hand to ensure visibility of the entire flame. And the inner part of the inner quartz tube 2 is suspended from the upper part, and a gap of 3-4 cm is reserved between the bottom of the inner quartz tube and the outer quartz tube 3. Considering that the combustor is internally provided with a flow field with larger rotational flow, pulverized coal particles can be thrown to a low-temperature area close to the wall surface under the action of stronger centrifugal force after entering, therefore, the inner quartz tube 2 is used for separating the low-temperature area close to the wall surface of the outer quartz tube 3, so that the pulverized coal particles can always stay in the high-temperature area with higher and more constant central temperature of the combustor.
In order to accurately control the temperature and component concentrations in the experiment, the inlet flow rates of fuel, oxidant and diluent were determined using adiabatic flame temperature calculations. Taking methane as fuel, oxygen as oxidant and nitrogen as diluent gas as examples, the chemical reaction is
aCH4+bO2+cN2→dCO2+eH2O+fO2(excess) + gN2
The equation has 7 unknown coefficients; given the desired temperature of the after-flame gas, the concentration of oxygen in the after-flame gas, and the velocity of the gas flow at the slit entrance in the study, the elemental conservation (C, H, O, N) and equations for temperature, oxygen concentration, and slit entrance gas flow velocity can be obtained, totaling 7 equations. The specific equation is as follows:
derived from element conservation:
a＝d
4a＝2e
2b＝2d+e+2f
2c＝2g
the temperature control equation is:
a×h(CH4，298K)+b×h(O2，298K)+c×h(N2，298K)
＝d×h(CO2，T)+e×h(H2O，T)+∫×lt(O2，T)+g×lt(N2，T)
slit entrance gas velocity control equation:
equation for controlling the concentration of oxygen in the post-flame gas:
wherein h is the absolute enthalpy of the gas at that temperature; vgaGIs the slit 502 inlet air flow velocity; r is a universal gas constant; t is the gas temperature after flame; a is the slot 502 inlet jet area;
is the mole fraction of oxygen in the post-flame gas. By solving the above system of statically determinate equations, the flow rates of the fuel, the oxidant and the diluent under the corresponding working conditions can be uniquely determined.
In the experimental design, in order to prevent the occurrence of fuel flashback, the fuel and the oxidizer were introduced through different slit jets, respectively. In order to make the flow field inside the combustor uniformly distributed, the slits are arranged in an equidistant diagonal manner, and meanwhile, the air flow velocities at the outlets of the different slits are required to be kept consistent. In the experiment, the velocity balance of the inlets of the slits is realized by adjusting the flow distribution of the dilution gas. Table 1 shows the flow distribution of the fuel, oxidant and diluent gases for a slot width of 2mm, a slot height of 12mm, a center flow channel diameter of 30mm, a slot inlet gas flow velocity of 10 m/s.
TABLE 1
The high temperature flame produced by this method, and its after-flame gas field, can be measured in terms of the dunker number. The dunke number is defined as follows:
wherein, taumixCharacteristic time of gas mixing, τreactIs the characteristic time of the chemical reaction. By adjusting the geometrical dimensions of the burner, the mixing characteristics of the gas inside the burner are adjusted.
Referring to fig. 4, the difference between the particle motion trajectories when the inner quartz tube 2 is added and when the inner quartz tube 2 is not added is shown. Because the outer wall of the outer quartz tube 3 is contacted with the atmosphere at room temperature, a tube bundle-shaped swirling flame is formed at the position close to the inner wall surface, and therefore, the temperature gradient is larger in the area close to the inner wall surface, and the temperature distribution is uneven. Under the condition that the internal quartz tube 2 is not arranged, after pulverized coal particles are fed into an internal flow field through the central powder feeding tube, the particles gradually move to an uneven area close to the wall surface under the action of centrifugal force due to the large stretching rate of the internal flow field of the combustor, and therefore large uncertainty is brought to an experimental result. The flame face is isolated from the post-flame gas by the addition of an inner quartz tube 2. The inner quartz tube 2 is placed in an area with uniform temperature after flame, and after pulverized coal particles enter a flow field, the motion track of the pulverized coal particles is constrained to a constant temperature gas area in the central area of the burner due to the constraint of the inner quartz tube 2. By adding the internal quartz tube 2, the retention time of the pulverized coal particles in a high-temperature field can be increased, and the influence of a near-wall low-temperature area on an experiment is avoided.
It should be noted that the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and equivalent changes made to the system described in the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may substitute similar alternatives for the specific embodiments described, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
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| CN109882842A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-14 | 西安交通大学 | A burner that can generate multi-scale controllable turbulence |
| CN109991228A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-09 | 华中科技大学 | A Visualized Experimental System of Pressurized Discrete Particle Reaction Kinetics |
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| CN109882842A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-14 | 西安交通大学 | A burner that can generate multi-scale controllable turbulence |
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