CN112817155A

CN112817155A - Augmented reality display device and near-to-eye display equipment

Info

Publication number: CN112817155A
Application number: CN202110177023.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑光
Original assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-09
Filing date: 2021-02-09
Publication date: 2021-05-18

Abstract

The present application provides an augmented reality display device and a near-eye display device. The augmented reality display device includes a waveguide substrate, an in-coupling grating, a turning grating, and an out-coupling grating. The coupled grating is carried on the waveguide substrate to couple light into the waveguide substrate, and the grating vector coupled into the grating is the first vector K1. The turning grating is carried on the waveguide substrate, and the light coupled into the grating is coupled into the waveguide substrate for pupil dilation, wherein the grating vector of the turning grating is the second vector K2. The out-coupling grating is carried on the waveguide substrate, receives the light after pupil dilation through the turning grating, and couples the light out of the waveguide substrate. The grating vector of the out-coupling grating is the third vector K3, wherein K1, K2 and K3 form a closed vector triangle , and when the augmented reality display device is used, the range of the angle A between the direction of K3 and the horizontal direction X is: -45°≤A≤45°. The augmented reality display device of the present application can reduce or even avoid the rainbow pattern phenomenon.

Description

Augmented reality display device and near-to-eye display equipment

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of augmented reality display, in particular to an augmented reality display device and near-to-eye display equipment.

Background

With the development of technology, Augmented Reality (AR) display devices, such as AR glasses, need to see both the external real world and virtual images. The real scene and the virtual information are fused into a whole, and the real scene and the virtual information are mutually reinforced and mutually enhanced. However, when the user uses the augmented reality display device, for example, when wearing the AR glasses, external ambient light may be dispersed into rainbow stripes and enter human eyes, so that the user sees the rainbow stripes, which is called a rainbow stripe effect. When the user sees the rainbow veins, the light person can influence the user's experience, and the heavy person can injure the user's eyes.

Disclosure of Invention

A first aspect of the present application provides an augmented reality display device, comprising:

a waveguide substrate;

the coupling-in grating is carried on the waveguide substrate and is used for coupling light into the waveguide substrate, and the grating vector of the coupling-in grating is a first vector K1;

the turning grating is carried on the waveguide substrate and is used for expanding the pupil of the light rays coupled into the waveguide substrate by the coupling grating, wherein the grating vector of the turning grating is a second vector K2; and

an outcoupling grating carried on the waveguide substrate for receiving the light after the pupil expansion of the turning grating and outcoupling the light out of the waveguide substrate, wherein a grating vector of the outcoupling grating is a third vector K3, the first vector K1, the second vector K2 and the third vector K3 form a closed vector triangle, and when the augmented reality display device is used, the range of the angle a between the direction of the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is: a is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

The augmented reality display device of this application is through setting up the coupled-out grating for when the augmented reality display device is used, the scope of the angle A between the direction of third vector K3 and horizontal direction X is: -45 DEG ≦ A ≦ 45 DEG, so that rainbow patterns when the augmented reality display device is signaled can be reduced or even avoided, avoiding damage to the user's eyes.

The present application in a second aspect further provides an augmented reality display device, including:

a waveguide substrate;

the coupling-in grating is carried on the waveguide substrate and is used for coupling light into the waveguide substrate, and the grating vector of the coupling-in grating is a first vector k 1;

the coupling-out grating is carried on the waveguide substrate and used for coupling light in the waveguide substrate out of the waveguide substrate, the coupling-out grating is provided with a second vector k2 and a third vector k3, the first vector k1, the second vector k2 and the third vector k3 form a closed vector triangle, and when the augmented reality display device is used, an included angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is smaller than or equal to 45 degrees, and an included angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is smaller than or equal to 45 degrees.

The application discloses augmented reality display device is through setting up the coupled-out grating, makes when augmented reality display device is used, contained angle between second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45, just contained angle between third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 to can reduce or even avoid rainbow line when augmented reality display device is worn avoids the injury to user's eyes.

A third aspect of the present application provides a near-eye display apparatus comprising the enhanced display device according to any one of the second and third aspects.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic light propagation diagram of the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the coupled-out grating and various parameters of the present application.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the waveguide substrate facing the sun with the grating vectors vertically disposed.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the waveguide substrate tilted 45 deg. to the sun with the grating vectors vertically disposed.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the waveguide substrate fully side-to-sun with the grating vectors set vertically.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition situation in fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition situation in fig. 6.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition in fig. 7.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the waveguide substrate facing the sun with the grating vectors horizontally disposed.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the waveguide substrate tilted 45 deg. to the sun with the grating vectors horizontally disposed.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the waveguide substrate fully side-to-sun with the grating vectors horizontally disposed.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition in fig. 11.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the vector superposition in fig. 12.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition in fig. 13.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 18 is a schematic light propagation diagram of the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 20 is a schematic light propagation diagram of the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 19.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an outcoupling grating according to an embodiment.

Fig. 22 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 23 is a side view of the augmented reality display device in fig. 22.

Fig. 24 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 25 is a side view of the augmented reality display device in fig. 24.

Fig. 26 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 27 is a side view of a partial structure of the augmented reality display device in fig. 26.

Fig. 28 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 29 is a side view of a partial structure of the augmented reality display device in fig. 28.

Fig. 30 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 31 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 34 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 35 is a schematic view of vector superimposition in the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 34.

Fig. 36 to 39 are side views of the augmented reality display device according to each embodiment.

Fig. 40 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 41 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 42 is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 43 is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 44 is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.

It should be noted that reference herein to "an embodiment" or "an implementation" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or implementation can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

The terms "first" and "second" appearing in the present application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any indication of the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2 together, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 2 is a schematic light propagation diagram of the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 1. The present application provides an Augmented Reality (AR) display device 1. The augmented reality display device 1 may be an AR glasses, and may also be applied to an apparatus having a windshield, such as an automobile. The augmented reality display device 1 will be described in detail below. The augmented reality display device 1 includes a waveguide substrate 110, an incoupling grating 120, a turning grating 130, and an outcoupling grating 140. The incoupling grating 120 is carried on the waveguide substrate 110, and is used for coupling light into the waveguide substrate 110, and a grating vector of the incoupling grating 120 is a first vector K1. The turning grating 130 is carried on the waveguide substrate 110, and is configured to expand a pupil of the light beam coupled into the waveguide substrate 110 by the coupling grating 120, where a grating vector of the turning grating 130 is a second vector K2. The coupling-out grating 140 is carried on the waveguide substrate 110 and configured to receive the light after expanding the pupil through the turning grating 130 and couple the light out of the waveguide substrate 110, a grating vector of the coupling-out grating 140 is a third vector K3, wherein the first vector K1, the second vector K2 and the third vector K3 form a closed vector triangle, and when the augmented reality display device 1 is used, an angle a between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X ranges from: a is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

The light rays are indicated in fig. 2 by dashed lines. When the augmented reality display device 1 is used, the waveguide substrate 110 can be considered to be in the XY plane. The horizontal direction X is in the XY plane.

Some application scenarios of the augmented reality display device 1 are described below. An important application scenario of the augmented reality display device 1 of the present application is to solve the rainbow effect generated by outdoor sunlight. When the augmented reality display device 1 is AR glasses, the augmented reality display device 1 is used as being worn by a user. One scene in which the augmented reality display device 1 is used is described as follows, and when the augmented reality display device 1 is AR glasses, a user wears the augmented reality display device 1 and stands outdoors, the range of the angle a between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X in the augmented reality display device 1 of the present application is: a is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and the rainbow effect generated by outdoor sunlight can be reduced and even eliminated.

When the augmented reality display device 1 is applied to an apparatus having a windshield, such as an automobile, the augmented reality display device 1 may be disposed on a side of the windshield of the automobile close to human eyes. The augmented reality display device 1 may or may not be directly attached to the windshield and is spaced apart from the windshield. The user's eyes view the situation outside the car, such as the road, pedestrian, etc. outside the car through the augmented reality display device. The range of the angle a between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X in the augmented reality display device 1 of the present application is: a is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and the rainbow effect generated by outdoor sunlight can be reduced and even eliminated.

The waveguide substrate 110 is also referred to as an optical waveguide substrate (optical waveguide substrate), a dielectric optical waveguide substrate, or a waveguide substrate sheet, and is a medium through which light is guided to propagate. Optical waveguide substrates generally include two broad categories: one is an integrated optical waveguide substrate, including a planar (thin film) dielectric optical waveguide substrate and a strip dielectric optical waveguide substrate, which are usually part of an optoelectronic integrated device (or system), and are therefore called integrated optical waveguide substrates; another type is a cylindrical optical waveguide substrate, commonly referred to as an optical fiber (optical fiber). In general, the waveguide substrate 110 is a light guide structure formed of an optically transparent medium (e.g., quartz glass) for transmitting light (electromagnetic waves of optical frequencies). When light propagates through the waveguide substrate 110, total reflection occurs in the waveguide substrate 110, so that the light is confined to propagate through the waveguide substrate 110.

The waveguide substrate 110 in the present application is also referred to as a Diffractive Wave guide (Diffractive Wave guide). The light and thin glasses are considered to be the optical scheme of the consumer-grade AR glasses due to the characteristics of high penetration of external light, good color reproducibility and large Field of view (FOV).

The waveguide substrate 110 includes an outer surface 111 (see fig. 22) and an inner surface 112 (see fig. 22) that are disposed opposite one another. The outer surface 111 is a surface facing away from the user when the augmented reality display device 1 is used; the inner surface 112 is a surface close to the user when the augmented reality display device 1 is used.

The incoupling grating 120 is carried on the waveguide substrate 110, including the following cases: the in-coupling grating 120 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110, or the in-coupling grating 120 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110. The process of the incoupling grating 120 coupling light into the waveguide substrate 110 is also referred to as coupling-in (coupler-in).

The pupil expansion means that when light is transmitted in the waveguide substrate 110, a part of the light is deflected by the action of the turning grating 130, another part of the light propagates along the original propagation direction, and the light propagating along the original propagation direction is deflected multiple times after multiple actions with the turning grating 130, so that multiple deflected light beams are generated, which is called pupil expansion.

In the present embodiment, the first vector K1, the second vector K2, and the third vector K3 form a closed vector triangle in order to ensure that the augmented reality display device 1 can form an image.

The range of the angle a between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is: a is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, and the rainbow effect can be reduced and even eliminated. The range of angles a between the later-to-be-combined data pairs third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is: the rainbow effect can be reduced or even eliminated by-45 DEG to A to 45 DEG for illustration and explanation.

The augmented reality means that light rays generated by the image source 180 in the augmented reality display device 1 and used for displaying an image enter the waveguide substrate 110 through the incoupling grating 120 and are coupled out through the outcoupling grating 140 to be emitted to human eyes, and external ambient light rays (for example, light rays generated by outdoor sunlight and indoor illuminating lamps) can also penetrate through the incoupling grating 120 to enter the human eyes, so that a user can view the image in the image source 180 and the image in the external environment, thereby realizing the augmented reality function of virtual-real combination. However, since the in-grating 120 and the out-grating 140 both have strong dispersion function, the external ambient light is dispersed into rainbow stripes by the out-grating 140 and is mainly generated by-1 level reflection and-1 level transmission, when the user uses the augmented reality display device 1, for example, when the user wears the augmented reality display device 1, the-1 level reflected light cannot directly enter human eyes, and thus the use experience of the user is not affected, and the-1 level transmitted light may enter human eyes, so that the user sees the rainbow stripes, which is called rainbow stripe effect. When the user sees the rainbow veins, the light person can influence the user's experience, and the heavy person can injure the user's eyes. It should be noted that whether the rainbow pattern formed by the-1 order transmission enters the eyes of the user wearing the augmented reality display device 1 depends on the incident angle of the external ambient light, for example, when the external ambient light is incident on the outcoupling grating 140 at 50 °, the exit angle of the rainbow pattern formed by the-1 order transmission is large, the diffracted light is more likely to deviate from the observation position of the eyes of the user, and even if the rainbow pattern is entered into the eyes of the user, the rainbow pattern appears in the area of the periphery of the visual field due to the large diffraction angle. When external ambient light is incident and coupled into the grating 120 at 80 °, the exit angle of the rainbow pattern formed by the-1-order transmission is small, the diffracted light is easier to be incident into human eyes, and the influence on users is large because the diffracted light is closer to the center of the field of view.

When the user uses the augmented reality display device 1 outdoors, the rainbow patterns formed by outdoor sunlight as external ambient light through the coupling grating 140 are often bright and glaring, and this phenomenon directly causes that the augmented reality display device 1 on the market at present cannot be used well or even outdoors. The method mainly utilizes the principle of superposition of sunlight incident vectors and vectors to convert the-1-level transmitted light into evanescent waves or make the evanescent waves deviate from the eye movement range, thereby achieving the purpose of relieving rainbow lines. It is to be understood that although the present application describes the external ambient light as sunlight, in other embodiments, the external ambient light also includes light generated by an illumination lamp or the like.

Furthermore, according to the grating equation:

θ_{diffraction of}＝sin^-1(sin(θ_{Incident light}) - λ/d) (equation 1)

Where λ is the wavelength and d is the grating period. As can be seen from the grating equation of formula (1), the longer the wavelength of the light, the larger the diffraction angle. Since the wavelength of blue light is smaller than that of red light, the diffraction angle of blue light is smaller than that of red light. Therefore, when rainbow patterns appear, blue light appears in the center of the visual field observed by the eyes of the user due to a smaller diffraction angle, and red light appears in the peripheral area of the visual field due to a larger diffraction angle.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of an application scenario of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present application. Whether the rainbow patterns can be shot into human eyes is judged. As shown in this schematic diagram, AA 'is the outermost peripheral region of the coupling-out grating 140, and is set to have a length d, and BB' is the inner region of the coupling-out grating 140, and when the augmented reality display device 1 is worn, the distance from the waveguide substrate 110 to the eye movement range is referred to as the eye viewing distance, and is defined to have a length l. The eye movement range is defined as the range in which the human eye can see a complete and clear field of view only when the human eye falls within the observation region, and the geometric center of the default eye movement range is aligned with the geometric center of the outcoupling grating 140 and defined as the length m. Assuming that a beam of light is incident from point a and diffracted to the edge C' of the eye movement range through the coupling grating 140, the angle between the diffracted light and the normal is θ, and the formula is obtained according to the geometric relationship:

as can be seen from fig. 3, when the diffraction angle of the light is greater than θ, the light cannot be observed by the human eye because of exiting out of the diffraction range, and when the diffraction angle of the light is less than θ, the light is captured by the human eye because of entering into the eye movement range. In summary, when θ is smaller, the rainbow texture is harder to be injected into human eyes, so the influence of the rainbow texture on the user experience is smaller, and when θ is larger, the rainbow texture effect becomes more obvious. That is, the influence of the rainbow patterns will be weaker as the area of the outcoupling grating 140 is smaller or the period of the outcoupling grating 140 is smaller, while keeping the eye movement range and the eye viewing distance constant. Finally, the relationship between FOV, coupled-out grating 140 size d, eye movement range size m can be derived from the geometrical relationship:

d ═ m + l tan (FOV/2) × 2 (formula 3)

Before going into the technical principles of the present application, several variables that are commonly found in grating diffraction are first explained. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an outcoupling grating and various parameters of the present application. As shown in the schematic diagram of the present embodiment, the direction of the grating vector K3 of the coupling-out grating 140 coincides with the positive direction of the X axis, and the angle between the plane formed by the incident direction of sunlight and the Z axis and the X axis

The included angle theta between the incident direction of the sun and the Z axis is called the angle of incidence.

When the grating 140 grating vector is coupled outWhen the amount is in the vertical direction (i.e. the grating vector direction is parallel to the Y direction), the schematic diagram of the augmented reality display device 1 when the sunlight irradiates thereon is shown in fig. 5 to 7, and the following discusses, with reference to fig. 5 to 7, the incident angle θ of the sunlight relatively coupled out of the grating 140 and the azimuth angle when the waveguide substrate 110 faces the sun at different angles, in three cases

The situation (2). It should be noted that the specific structure of the coupling-out grating 140 is not illustrated in fig. 5 to 7.

In FIG. 5 (i.e., case 1) the waveguide substrate 110 is illustrated facing the sun, i.e., the solar rays lie in the XZ plane, at an azimuthal angle

The incident angle theta of the solar rays with respect to the outcoupling grating 140 is equal to the solar altitude.

In FIG. 6 (i.e., case 2), the waveguide substrate 110 is shown tilted 45 to face the sun, i.e., the angle between the plane formed by the sun rays and the normal direction (Z axis) of the waveguide substrate 110 and the X axis is 45, so the azimuth angle is

The incident angle θ of the solar ray with respect to the coupling-out grating 140 is the solar altitude.

In FIG. 7 (case 3) the waveguide substrate 110 is illustrated fully side-to-side with respect to the sun, i.e. with the sun rays in the XY plane, and with the azimuth angle

The solar elevation angle, the angle of incidence θ of the solar ray with respect to the coupling-out grating 140 is 90 °.

Referring to fig. 8 to 10, fig. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a vector overlay condition in fig. 5; FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the vector overlay of FIG. 6; fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition in fig. 7. It should be noted that the vector superposition in fig. 8 to 10 is performed in the K domain, where Ks is the incident vector of the solar ray, K3 is the grating vector of the coupled-out grating, and Kd is the outgoing vector of the solar ray. The larger the incident angle or diffraction angle of the solar ray is, the larger the mode of the incident vector Ks will be. When the mode of the outgoing vector Kd is large, the outgoing angle is also large, and rainbow fringes generated by diffraction are more prone to deviate from the eye movement range. When the mode of the exit vector Kd is small, rainbow fringes produced by diffraction more easily appear in the eye movement range and more easily appear at the center position of the field of view. That is, the longer the length of the ejection vector Kd is, the more the influence of the rainbow pattern will be; the smaller the length of the exit vector Kd, the less the influence of the rainbow pattern will be. The vector superposition of the three cases is analyzed in detail below.

For case 1, due to azimuth

At 0 °, the incident vector Ks of the solar ray is parallel to the grating vector K3 (i.e., the third vector K3) of the coupled grating, and the length of the outgoing vector Kd of the solar ray is the smallest, so that the rainbow fringes are most easily generated.

For case 2, its azimuth angle

At 45 deg., the length of the exit vector Kd of the solar ray is longer than that of case 1, and therefore the influence of the rainbow patterns will be weakened.

For case 3, its azimuth angle

Relatively larger and therefore the effect of the rainbow patterns will be further reduced. According to the calculation, the calculation relation between the mode of the emergent vector and the azimuth angle can be obtained as follows:

as can be seen from equation (4), the azimuth angle

The closer to 90 °, the harder the augmented reality display device 1 is to generate rainbow stripes.

A detailed calculation will be made below for the case when the grating vectors of the coupled-out gratings 140 are arranged vertically. First, it is calculated according to equation (2) that when the diffraction angle of the-1 st order transmitted light out of the grating 140 is greater than 40 °, it will deviate from the eye movement range and thus cannot be captured by the human eye. The period of the coupling grating 140 is set to 380nm, and the diffraction angles of the light rays with the wavelengths of 460nm (blue light), 522nm (green light) and 620nm (red light) in the diffracted light are analyzed. For case 1, the calculation results when the incident azimuth angle of sunlight is 0 ° are shown in the following table.

TABLE 1

The diffraction angles of blue, green and red light at different angles of incidence when the solar ray is at azimuth 0 are shown in table 1. As can be seen from table 1, when the solar altitude is greater than 35 °, the human eye can see blue diffracted rays (i.e., blue light); when the solar altitude is greater than 50 degrees, the human eye can see green diffraction rays (namely green light); when the sun altitude is greater than 85 °, the human eye can see red diffracted light (i.e., red light); that is, as the diffraction angle is gradually increased, the green light and the red light are gradually exhibited, and the blue light comes closer to the center of the field of view. As can be seen from table 1, the rainbow effect becomes more pronounced as the angle of incidence increases.

For case 2, the incident azimuth angle of sunlight is

The results of the calculation are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Table 2 shows diffraction angles of blue light, green light, and red light at different incident angles when the solar ray has an azimuth angle of 45 °, and it can be seen from the calculation result that the human eye cannot observe the rainbow stripes in this case.

For case 3, the incident azimuth angle of sunlight is

The calculation results at solar altitude are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from the calculation results in table 3, the result of the rainbow pattern calculation in case 3 is the same as that in case 1. When the solar altitude is greater than 35 °, the human eye can see blue diffracted rays (i.e., blue light); when the solar altitude is greater than 50 degrees, the human eye can see green diffraction rays (namely green light); when the sun altitude is greater than 85 °, the human eye can see red diffracted light (i.e., red light); that is, as the diffraction angle is gradually increased, the green light and the red light are gradually exhibited, and the blue light comes closer to the center of the field of view. As can be seen from table 3, the rainbow effect becomes more pronounced as the angle of incidence increases.

The following describes a case where the grating vector is in the horizontal direction (the grating vector direction is parallel to the X direction). When the grating vector is in the horizontal direction, the schematic diagram of the augmented reality display device 1 when the sunlight irradiates is shown in fig. 11 to 13, and the following discusses the waveguide substrate in three cases with reference to fig. 11 to 13110 are directed at different angles to the sun, thereby allowing the solar rays to be coupled out of the grating 140 at an angle theta and an azimuth angle

The situation (2).

In FIG. 11 (i.e., case 1'), the waveguide substrate 110 is illustrated facing the sun, i.e., the solar rays lie in the XZ plane, at an azimuthal angle

In FIG. 12 (i.e., case 2 '), the waveguide substrate 110 is shown tilted 45 ° to the sun, i.e., the angle between the plane formed by the sun's rays and the normal direction (Z axis) of the waveguide substrate 110 and the X axis is 45 °, so the azimuth angle is

The incident angle theta of the solar light coupled out relative to the grating is the solar altitude angle.

In FIG. 13 (i.e., case 3'), the waveguide substrate 110 is illustrated fully side-to-side with the sun, i.e., with the solar rays in the XY plane, at azimuth angles

The incident angle θ of the solar light outcoupling relative to the outcoupling grating 140 is 90 °.

Referring to fig. 14 to 16, fig. 14 is a schematic view illustrating a vector overlay condition in fig. 11; FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the vector overlay of FIG. 12; fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the vector superposition in fig. 13. It should be noted that the vector superposition in fig. 14 to 16 is performed in the K domain, where Ks is the incident vector of the solar ray, K3 is the grating vector of the coupled-out grating, and Ks is the emergent vector of the solar ray. The larger the incident angle or diffraction angle of the solar ray is, the larger the mode of the incident vector Ks will be. When the mode of the outgoing vector Kd is large, the outgoing angle is also large, and rainbow fringes generated by diffraction are more prone to deviate from the eye movement range. When the mode of the exit vector Kd is small, rainbow fringes produced by diffraction more easily appear in the eye movement range and more easily appear at the center position of the field of view. That is, the longer the length of the ejection vector Kd is, the more the influence of the rainbow pattern will be; the smaller the length of the exit vector Kd, the less the influence of the rainbow pattern will be. The vector superposition of the three cases is analyzed in detail below.

For case 1', due to azimuth

The angle is 90 °, i.e. the incident vector Ks of the solar ray is perpendicular to the grating vector K3 (i.e. the third vector K3) of the coupled-out grating, and the length of the outgoing vector Kd of the solar ray is the largest, so that rainbow fringes are least likely to be generated.

For case 2', its azimuth angle

For case 3', its azimuth angle

In relation to the solar altitude, the rainbow pattern is weaker as the solar altitude is larger, and thus the influence of the rainbow pattern will be further weakened.

The case when the raster vector is set horizontally will be calculated in detail below. It is calculated according to equation (2) that when the diffraction angle of the-1 st order transmitted light out of the grating 140 is greater than 40 °, it will deviate from the eye movement range and thus cannot be captured by the human eye. The period of the coupling grating 140 is set to 380nm, and the diffraction angles of the light rays with the wavelengths of 460nm (blue light), 522nm (green light) and 620nm (red light) in the diffracted light are analyzed. For case 1', the calculation results when the incident azimuth angle of sunlight is 0 ° are shown in the following table.

Table 1'

The diffraction angles of blue, green and red light at different angles of incidence when the solar rays are at an azimuth angle of 90 are shown in table 1'. As can be seen from table 1', in this case, rainbow lines were not observed by human eyes.

For case 2', the solar ray has an incident azimuth angle of

The results of the calculations are shown in Table 2'.

TABLE 2'

Table 2' shows diffraction angles of blue, green, and red light at different incident angles when the solar ray has an azimuth angle of 45 °, and it can be seen from the calculation that the human eye cannot observe the rainbow patterns in this case.

For case 3', the incident azimuth angle of sunlight is

The calculation results are shown in table 3' for solar altitude.

Table 3'

From the calculation results in table 3 ', we can see that in case 3', the human eye can observe the rainbow pattern phenomenon only when the solar altitude is less than 30 °. Specifically, when the solar altitude is less than 30 °, blue diffracted light (i.e., blue light) is visible to the human eye; when the solar altitude is less than 25 degrees, the human eye can see green diffraction rays (namely green light); when the solar altitude is less than 5 deg., the human eye can see red diffracted light (i.e., red light).

Table 4 summarizes the rainbow patterns exhibited in three cases when the grating vectors are placed horizontally or vertically.

TABLE 4

In consideration of daily life, the altitude angle is generally less than 30 ° only in the morning or evening, but in consideration of this time, the brightness of the sunlight is small, and therefore the influence of the rainbow stripes is also weak. And the sun altitude is great during noon, and the luminance of solar ray is higher, consequently adopts the design that grating vector level was placed can effectively alleviate the influence that the rainbow line brought.

From the above analysis, it can be known that the rainbow effect in outdoor use can be significantly alleviated by optimizing the placing direction of the grating vector (i.e., the third vector K3) of the coupled grating 140. The effect is best when the grating vector of the out-coupling grating 140 is placed horizontally (i.e. the angle between the third vector K3 of the out-coupling grating and the horizontal direction X is 0 deg.), even if the grating vector places the rainbow fringes at an angle of + -45 deg. which has much less effect than if it were placed vertically. In other words, when the range of the angle a between the direction of the grating vector K3 of the coupled-out grating 140 and the horizontal direction X is: a is more than or equal to 45 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

The embodiment of the application utilizes the formation mechanism of the rainbow patterns, and the-1 level transmission light of the coupled grating 140 deviates from the eye movement range as much as possible through ingenious design, so that the rainbow patterns are relieved. The complexity of technology can not be increased in this application embodiment, also can not influence people's eye to the observation of environment light, utilizes the vector superposition principle of light, makes the rainbow line become evanescent wave or deviate from the eye movement scope as far as to reach and alleviate and enter into the use augmented reality display device's user's the purpose of the rainbow line of people's eye.

In one embodiment, the range of the angle a between the direction of the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is: a is more than or equal to minus 30 degrees and less than or equal to 30 degrees. When the range of the angle a between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is-30 ° ≦ a ≦ 30 °, rainbow stripes are less likely to appear even in the morning or evening. Therefore, when the angle A between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is in the range of-30 DEG to A < 30 DEG, the-1 order transmitted light of the coupled-out grating 140 can be more effectively deviated from the eye movement range, thereby more effectively alleviating the rainbow effect.

In practical applications, the range of the angle a between the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is selected to achieve both the rainbow interference mitigation and the imaging factor of the augmented reality display device.

Referring to fig. 17 and 18, fig. 17 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 18 is a schematic light propagation diagram of the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 17.

The waveguide architecture of the incoupling grating, the turning grating, the outcoupling grating and the waveguide substrate when the outcoupling grating vector is horizontally disposed (i.e., disposed along the X-direction) is shown in fig. 17. The appearance of the coupling grating can be any one of a blazed grating, an inclined grating, a binary grating and a photonic crystal. The shape of the turning grating can be a binary grating or a photonic crystal and the like. The appearance of the coupled-out grating can be any one of a blazed grating, an inclined grating, a binary grating and a photonic crystal. If the coupled grating vector (i.e. the first vector) K1 is distributed along the vertical direction, the angle between the turning grating vector (i.e. the second vector) K2 and the vertical direction is

The outcoupling grating vector (i.e. the third vector) K3 parallel to the horizontal direction can be obtained according to the vector superposition principle. If the angle between the coupled grating vector K1 ' and the vertical direction is any angle theta, the angle between the turning grating vector K2 ' and the coupled grating vector K1 ' is any angle

By the superposition of the grating vectors K1 ' and K2 ', an outcoupling grating vector K3 ' parallel to the horizontal direction is likewise obtained. The angle theta may take any value from-45 deg. to +45 deg., where counterclockwise rotation is positive and clockwise rotation is negative with respect to the coordinate axis X. For the

Then only need to satisfy

A closed vector triangle can be formed with the outcoupling grating vector K3' parallel to the horizontal direction. According to the derivation, the augmented reality display device of the waveguide substrate framework can effectively avoid the rainbow texture phenomenon caused by sunlight outdoors.

In this embodiment, the direction of the grating vector of the incoupling grating is perpendicular to the horizontal direction X, i.e. the first vector K1 is perpendicular to the horizontal direction X. In other words, the first vector K1 of the incoupling grating makes an angle with the vertical direction Y of zero.

Referring to fig. 19 and 20, fig. 19 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 20 is a schematic light propagation diagram of the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 19. In this embodiment, the grating vectors of the coupled-out gratings are disposed at an angle to the horizontal direction X.

Fig. 19 and 20 show waveguide architectures in which the grating vectors of the coupled-out gratings are arranged at an angle to the horizontal. The appearance of the coupling grating can be any one of a blazed grating, an inclined grating, a binary grating and a photonic crystal. The appearance of the turning grating can be a binary grating or a photonic crystal and the like. The appearance of the coupling-out grating can be any one of a blazed grating, an inclined grating, a binary grating and a photonic crystal. If the included angle between the coupled grating vector (i.e. the first vector) K1 and the vertical direction Y is an arbitrary angle α, the included angle between the turning grating vector (i.e. the second vector) K2 and the coupled grating vector K1 becomes an arbitrary angle

By the superposition of the vectors K1 and K2, the raster vector K3 is likewise obtained, and the angle of K3 to the horizontal is β. The angle between the coupled-in grating vector (i.e. the first vector) K1 and the vertical direction Y is an arbitrary angle α, that is, in the present embodiment, the angle between the grating vector of the coupled-in grating and the vertical direction Y is α. The angle alpha can take any value from-45 deg. to +45 deg., positive in counterclockwise rotation and negative in clockwise rotation with respect to the coordinate axis. As shown in the figure, the α angle is negative and the β angle is also negative. For the

Then only need to satisfy

Thus forming a closed vector triangle, and controlling the included angle beta between the coupled grating vector K3 and the horizontal direction within +/-45 degrees. Although the grating vector K3 of the coupled grating forms an angle with the horizontal direction X, the performance of suppressing the rainbow patterns is inferior to the case that the coupled grating vector (i.e. the third vector) K3 is completely horizontally placed, but the rainbow pattern effect can still be suppressed when the coupled grating vector K3 is incident at most angles. The smaller the absolute value of the angle beta is, the more obvious the rainbow effect will be, and vice versa.

Referring to fig. 3 and 21, fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an outcoupling grating according to an embodiment. The outcoupling grating 140 includes a plurality of outcoupling units 141 arranged at intervals and periodically, and the period of the outcoupling grating 140 is less than or equal to 450 nm.

Generally, for a one-dimensional grating, the grating includes a plurality of units arranged at intervals and arranged periodically, and the direction of the periodic arrangement of the plurality of units is a grating vector. For the outcoupling grating 140, the periodic arrangement direction of the outcoupling units 141 is the grating vector of the outcoupling grating 140. In the case of a two-dimensional grating, the two-dimensional grating has two grating vectors, in other words, the two-dimensional grating includes a plurality of cells periodically arranged in one direction and includes a plurality of cells periodically arranged in the other direction. Wherein, the one direction in which the units are periodically arranged is one of the grating vectors, and the other direction in which the units are periodically arranged is the other grating vector. For the two-dimensional grating 140, one direction of the two-dimensional grating is a grating vector, and the other direction of the two-dimensional grating is another grating vector.

As shown in fig. 3, when the diffraction angle of the light is greater than θ, the light cannot be observed by the human eye because of exiting out of the diffraction range, and when the diffraction angle of the light is less than θ, the light is captured by the human eye because of entering into the eye movement range. In summary, when θ is smaller, the rainbow texture is harder to be injected into human eyes, so the influence of the rainbow texture on the user experience is smaller, and when θ is larger, the rainbow texture effect becomes more obvious. That is, the influence of the rainbow patterns will be weaker as the area of the outcoupling grating 140 is smaller or the period of the outcoupling grating 140 is smaller, while keeping the eye movement range and the eye viewing distance constant.

In this embodiment, the period of the coupling grating 140 is less than or equal to 450nm, so that the influence of rainbow texture is weak; and the smaller the period of the outcoupling grating 140, the weaker the influence of the rainbow fringes. In one embodiment, the period of the outcoupling grating 140 is equal to 380 nm.

In one embodiment, the area of the coupling-out grating 140 is a rectangle, wherein the side length of the rectangle satisfies:

d ═ m + l ═ tan (FOV/2) × 2 (formula 5)

Wherein d is the side length of the rectangle, m is the eye movement range of the user, l is the distance from the eyes of the user to the wave guide plate, and the FOV is the field angle of the augmented reality display system.

Specifically, in one embodiment, d is the long side of the rectangle, and d satisfies equation (5); in another embodiment, d is the short side of the rectangle, and d satisfies equation (5); in yet another embodiment, the long side d of the rectangle₁And the short side d of the rectangle₂All satisfy the formula (5), i.e., d₁M + l tan (FOV/2) 2 and d₂＝m+l*tan(FOV/2)*2。

In one embodiment, the period of the outcoupling grating 140 is the same as the period of the incoupling grating 120.

The period of the coupling-out grating 140 is the same as that of the coupling-in grating 120, so that the coupling-out grating 140 and the coupling-in grating 120 are conveniently prepared.

In another embodiment, in the actual design process, the coupling-out grating 140 has the same shape as the coupling-in grating 120, which also facilitates the preparation of the coupling-out grating 140 and the coupling-in grating 120. In another embodiment, the period of the coupling-out grating 140 is the same as the period of the coupling-in grating 120, the profile of the coupling-out grating 140 is the same as the profile of the coupling-in grating 120, and the height of the coupling-out grating 140 is different from the height of the coupling-in grating 120. The period of the coupling-out grating 140 is the same as the period of the coupling-in grating 120, the profile of the coupling-out grating 140 is the same as the profile of the coupling-in grating 120, and the height of the coupling-out grating 140 is different from the height of the coupling-in grating 120, and the coupling-out grating 140 and the coupling-in grating 120 are a pair of conjugated systems.

It is understood that in other embodiments, the period of the outcoupling grating 140 and the incoupling grating 120 may be different. The coupling-out grating 140 may also have a different topography than the coupling-in grating 120.

In the augmented reality display device 1 according to the embodiment of the present application, there is no special requirement for the appearance of the outcoupling grating 140, and the appearance of the outcoupling grating 140 may be any one of a blazed grating, an inclined grating, a binary grating, and a photonic crystal.

The positional relationship of the in-coupling grating 120, the turning grating 130 and the out-coupling grating 130 relative to the waveguide substrate 110 will be described below. It should be noted that, in the following drawings, only the positional relationship of the incoupling grating 120, the turning grating 120 and the outcoupling grating 130 with respect to the waveguide substrate 110 is illustrated, and the shapes and specific structures of the incoupling grating 120, the turning grating 130 and the outcoupling grating 140 are not illustrated.

Referring to fig. 22 to 29, fig. 22 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application; fig. 23 is a side view of the augmented reality display device in fig. 22. In fig. 22 and 23, the in-coupling grating 120, the turning grating 130 and the out-coupling grating 140 are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate 110 and are disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110.

Fig. 24 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application; fig. 25 is a side view of the augmented reality display device in fig. 24. In fig. 24 and 25, the in-coupling grating 120, the turning grating 130 and the out-coupling grating 140 are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate 110 and are disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110.

Fig. 26 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application; fig. 27 is a side view of a partial structure of the augmented reality display device in fig. 26. In fig. 26 and 27, the incoupling grating 120 and the turning grating 130 are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate 110, the outcoupling grating 140 is disposed on the other side of the waveguide substrate 110, the incoupling grating 120 and the turning grating 130 are disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the outcoupling grating 140 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110.

Fig. 28 is a schematic perspective view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application; fig. 29 is a side view of a partial structure of the augmented reality display device in fig. 28. In fig. 28 and 29, the incoupling grating 120 and the turning grating 130 are disposed on one side of the waveguide substrate 110, the outcoupling grating 140 is disposed on the other side of the waveguide substrate 110, the incoupling grating 120 and the turning grating 130 are disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the outcoupling grating 140 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110.

The above-mentioned arrangement relationship among the in-coupling grating 120, the turning grating 130, the out-coupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 can make the arrangement among the in-coupling grating 120, the out-coupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 easier. It should be noted that, no matter how the positions of the incoupling grating 120, the turning grating 130, the outcoupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 are arranged, the rainbow effect can be suppressed by controlling the included angle between the outcoupling grating vector and the horizontal direction.

In one embodiment, the outcoupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 are a unitary structure.

The outcoupling grating 140 may be formed on the substrate by an imprinting technique, etc., that is, the imprinted portion of the substrate constitutes the outcoupling grating 140, and the non-imprinted portion of the substrate is formed as the waveguide substrate 110, so that the outcoupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 are an integral structure.

In another embodiment, the in-coupling grating 120 and the waveguide substrate 110 are also a unitary structure. Specifically, the coupling-out grating 140 may be formed on a substrate by an imprinting technique, etc., that is, an imprinted portion of the substrate constitutes the coupling-in grating 120, and an unembossed portion of the substrate is formed as the waveguide substrate 110, so that the coupling-in grating 120 and the waveguide substrate 110 are an integral structure.

In another embodiment, the incoupling grating 120, the outcoupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 are a unitary structure. Specifically, the incoupling grating 120 and the outcoupling grating 140 may be formed on a substrate by an imprinting technique, etc., that is, the imprinted portion of the substrate constitutes the incoupling grating 120 and the outcoupling grating 140, and the non-imprinted portion of the substrate is formed as the waveguide substrate 110, so that the incoupling grating 120, the outcoupling grating 140 and the waveguide substrate 110 are an integral structure.

Referring to fig. 30, fig. 30 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 includes a waveguide substrate 110, an incoupling grating 120 and an outcoupling grating 140. In addition, the augmented reality display device 1 further includes a polarizing plate 150. Please refer to the foregoing description for the waveguide substrate 110, the coupling-in grating 120 and the coupling-out grating 140, which is not repeated herein. The light emitted from the polarizer 150 enters the coupling-out grating 140, wherein the polarization direction of the polarizer 150 is the horizontal direction X.

The polarization direction of the reflected light of the solar light reflected by the glass and the like in the environment is generally along the Y-axis direction, and the polarizer 150 with the polarization direction being the horizontal direction X can filter the reflected light polarized along the Y-axis direction in the environment, thereby further avoiding the occurrence of rainbow fringes.

The waveguide substrate 110 includes an outer surface 111 and an inner surface 112, which are opposite to each other, in this embodiment, the polarizer 150 and the outcoupling grating 140 are both disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the polarizer 150 is disposed away from the waveguide substrate 110 compared to the outcoupling grating 140.

Further, in the present embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 further includes a protective sheet 210, and the material of the protective sheet 210 may be, but is not limited to, glass, plastic, or the like. The protective sheet 210 is disposed on a surface of the polarizer 150 facing away from the coupling-out grating 140, and is used to protect the polarizer 150 from being damaged. It is to be understood that in further embodiments, the augmented reality display device 1 may not include the protective sheet 210.

In the schematic diagram of the present embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 including the polarizer 150 and the protective sheet 210 is exemplified to be integrated into the augmented reality display device 1 provided in the previous embodiment, and it is understood that the augmented reality display device 1 including the polarizer 150 and the protective sheet 210 may also be integrated into other embodiments, for example, the embodiment in which the coupling-out grating 120 is located on the inner surface 112.

Referring to fig. 31, fig. 31 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to still another embodiment of the present application. In an embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 further comprises a polarizer 150. The light emitted from the polarizer 150 enters the coupling-out grating 140, wherein the polarization direction of the polarizer 150 is the horizontal direction X. In this embodiment, the waveguide substrate 110 includes an outer surface 111 and an inner surface 112 opposite to each other, the polarizer 150 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the coupling-out grating 140 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110.

Further, in the present embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 further includes a protective sheet 210, and the material of the protective sheet 210 may be, but is not limited to, glass, plastic, or the like. The protective sheet 210 is disposed on a surface of the polarizer 150 facing away from the waveguide substrate 110, and is used to protect the polarizer 150 from damage. It is to be understood that in further embodiments, the augmented reality display device 1 may not include the protective sheet 210.

In one embodiment, the polarizer 150 is a coated polarizer. In other words, the polarizing plate 150 is a polarizing plate 150 formed by a plating process. When the polarizer 150 and the outcoupling grating 140 are both disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the polarizer 150 is disposed away from the waveguide substrate 110 compared to the outcoupling grating 140, the polarizer 150 is a film plated on the outer surface 111 of the outcoupling grating 140. When the polarizer 150 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110 and the coupling-out grating 140 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110, the polarizer 150 is a film plated on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110. In another embodiment, the polarizer 150 is a polarizer 150 in a single piece, and the polarizer 150 is bonded to the coupling-out grating 140 or the waveguide substrate 110 by an adhesive such as glue.

The polarizer 150 is a film-coated polarizer, so that the polarizer 150 is thin and is easy to manufacture.

Referring to fig. 32, fig. 32 is a schematic view of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The near-eye display device 2 comprises an augmented reality display apparatus 1 as provided in any of the previous embodiments.

In one embodiment, the near-eye display device 2 further comprises a wearing frame 160. The wearing frame 160 has two window regions 161 arranged at intervals, and at least one window region 161 of the two window regions 161 is provided with the coupling grating 140.

When one of the two viewing zones 161 is provided with the coupling-out grating 140, the one viewing zone 161 can make human eyes see virtual images, and the region of the coupling-in grating 120 can transmit ambient light, so that the one viewing zone 161 can realize augmented reality effect. When both viewing windows 161 are provided with the out-coupling grating 140, the two viewing windows 161 may achieve an augmented reality effect. In the schematic diagram of the present embodiment, the two window regions 161 are provided with the coupling-out gratings 140, for example.

Referring to fig. 33, fig. 33 is a schematic view of a near-eye display device according to still another embodiment of the present application. The near-eye display device 2 also includes a wearing frame 160, a wearing frame 170, an image source 180, and an optical lens assembly 190. The wearing frame 170 is connected to the wearing frame 160. The image source 180 is also referred to as a projector light machine. The image source 180 is disposed at one side of the waveguide substrate 110 for generating light according to an image to be displayed. The optical lens assembly 190 is disposed between the image source 180 and the incoupling grating 120, and is configured to inject the light into the incoupling grating 120 according to a preset rule, and at least one of the image source 180 and the optical lens assembly 190 is disposed at a connection position where the wearing frame 160 is connected to the wearing frame 170.

The near-eye display device 2 includes a wearing frame 160 and a wearing frame 170, specifically, the augmented reality display apparatus 1 is AR glasses, and the wearing frame 170 is also called a glasses temple. The image source 180 is a device that generates an image, such as a Micro-LED display device.

When the augmented reality display device 1 is an AR glasses, in order to make the waveguide substrate structure composed of the waveguide substrate 110, the incoupling grating 120, the turning grating 130 and the outcoupling grating 140 fit the shape of the glasses as much as possible, the incoupling grating 120 may be disposed at the connection position where the wearing frame 160 is connected to the wearing frame 170. In the form of a side-projection layout, and the image source 180 and the optical lens assembly 190 are placed at the joint where the wearing frame 160 is connected to the wearing frame 170, the incoupling grating 120 is disposed on one side of the window area 161, and when the augmented reality display device 1 has two window areas 161, the two incoupling gratings 120 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the two window areas 161. The two in-coupling shutters 120 are disposed on opposite sides of the human eye when the AR glasses are worn.

Referring to fig. 34 and 35, fig. 34 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application; fig. 35 is a schematic view of vector superimposition in the augmented reality display device shown in fig. 34. In this embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 includes a waveguide substrate 110, an incoupling grating 120 and an outcoupling grating 140. The incoupling grating 120 is carried on the waveguide substrate 110, and is used for incoupling light into the waveguide substrate 110, and a grating vector of the incoupling grating 120 is a first vector k 1. The coupling-out grating 140 is carried on the waveguide substrate 110 and configured to couple light in the waveguide substrate 110 out of the waveguide substrate 110, the coupling-out grating 140 has a second vector k2 and a third vector k3, wherein the first vector k1, the second vector k2 and the third vector k3 form a closed vector triangle, and when the augmented reality display device 1 is used, an included angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 °, and an included angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 °.

Please refer to the foregoing description of the waveguide substrate 110, which is not repeated herein. The outcoupling grating 140 has a second vector k2 and a third vector k3, and thus, the outcoupling grating 140 is a two-dimensional grating.

In fig. 34 and 35, the grating vector k1 of the incoupling grating 120 is parallel to the horizontal direction X, and the outcoupling grating 140 is a two-dimensional grating, so there are two-directional outcoupling grating vectors, i.e., a second vector k2 and a third vector k3, where the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is denoted as θ 1, the angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is denoted as θ 2, and the vector superposition is shown by the solid line in fig. 35. The rainbow-grain suppression effect is better when theta 1 is less than or equal to 45 degrees and theta 2 is less than or equal to 45 degrees, and the rainbow-grain suppression effect is more obvious as the angle between theta 1 and theta 2 becomes smaller. When the direction of the first vector k 1' (shown by a dotted line in fig. 35) coupled into the grating 120 is not parallel to the horizontal direction X but forms an angle α, a good rainbow-pattern suppression effect can still be obtained by controlling θ 1 to be less than or equal to 45 ° and θ 2 to be less than or equal to 45 °, and the smaller the angle α is, the more significant the rainbow-pattern suppression is.

It can be seen that when the augmented reality display device 1 is used, the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 °, and the angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 °, the rainbow effect can be reduced or even eliminated.

In one embodiment, the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30 °, and the angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30 °.

In one embodiment, when the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30 °, and the angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30 °, rainbow stripes are less likely to appear even in the morning or evening. Therefore, when the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30 ° and the angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30 ° in an embodiment, the-1-order transmitted light of the coupled grating 140 can be more effectively deviated from the eye movement range, so as to more effectively alleviate the rainbow streak phenomenon.

It should be noted that, in practical applications, the value of the included angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X and the value of the included angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X are selected to both alleviate the rainbow effect and enhance the imaging factors of the reality display device.

In an embodiment, an angle θ 1 between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 ° and an angle θ 2 between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 °, and an angle θ 1 between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is equal to an angle θ 2 between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X. When θ 1 is equal to θ 2, the outcoupling grating 140 is easier to prepare, the difficulty of the process for preparing the outcoupling grating 140 is low, and the effect of reducing rainbow fringes is better.

It is understood that in other embodiments, the included angle θ 1 between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 ° and the included angle θ 2 between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 °, and the included angle θ 1 between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is not equal to the included angle θ 2 between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X. The rainbow stripes can be reduced as long as the included angle theta 1 between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 degrees and the included angle theta 2 between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45 degrees.

The coupling-out grating 140 is a three-dimensional grating having a preset pattern in the XY plane and extending in the Z direction, wherein the preset pattern is any one of a circle, a T shape, and a diamond shape.

The in-coupling grating 120 and the out-coupling grating 140 are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate 110, or disposed on two opposite sides of the waveguide substrate 110. Referring to fig. 36 to 39, in fig. 36, the in-coupling grating 120 and the out-coupling grating 140 are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate 110, specifically, both disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110. In fig. 37, the in-coupling grating 120 and the out-coupling grating 140 are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate 110, specifically, on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110. In fig. 38, the in-coupling grating 120 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the out-coupling grating 140 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110. In fig. 39, the in-coupling grating 120 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the out-coupling grating 140 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110.

Referring to fig. 40, fig. 40 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 includes a waveguide substrate 110, an incoupling grating 120 and an outcoupling grating 140. In addition, the augmented reality display device 1 further includes a polarizing plate 150. Please refer to the foregoing description for the waveguide substrate 110, the coupling-in grating 120 and the coupling-out grating 140, which is not repeated herein. The light exiting from the polarizer 150 enters the out-coupling grating 140, wherein the polarization direction of the polarizer 150 is parallel to the second vector k2, or parallel to the third vector k3, or between the second vector k2 and the third vector k 3.

The polarization direction of the reflected light of the solar light reflected by the glass and the like in the environment is generally along the Y-axis direction, and the polarization direction is set to be parallel to the second vector k2, or parallel to the third vector k3, or between the second vector k2 and the third vector k3, so that the part of the reflected light polarized along the Y-axis direction in the environment can be filtered, and the rainbow streak is further avoided.

Referring to fig. 41, fig. 41 is a schematic view of an augmented reality display device according to another embodiment of the present application. In an embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 includes a waveguide substrate 110, an incoupling grating 120 and an outcoupling grating 140. In addition, the augmented reality display device 1 further includes a polarizing plate 150. Please refer to the foregoing description for the waveguide substrate 110, the coupling-in grating 120 and the coupling-out grating 140, which is not repeated herein. The light exiting from the polarizer 150 enters the out-coupling grating 140, wherein the polarization direction of the polarizer 150 is parallel to the second vector k2, or parallel to the third vector k3, or between the second vector k2 and the third vector k 3.

The waveguide substrate 110 includes an outer surface 111 and an inner surface 112 opposite to each other, the polarizer 150 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the coupling-out grating 140 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110.

In one embodiment, polarizer 150 is a coated polarizer. In other words, the polarizer 150 is a polarizer formed through a plating process. When the polarizer 150 and the outcoupling grating 140 are both disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110, and the polarizer 150 is disposed away from the waveguide substrate 110 compared to the outcoupling grating 140, the polarizer 150 is a film plated on the outer surface 111 of the outcoupling grating 140. When the polarizer 150 is disposed on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110 and the coupling-out grating 140 is disposed on the inner surface 112 of the waveguide substrate 110, the polarizer 150 is a film plated on the outer surface 111 of the waveguide substrate 110. In another embodiment, the polarizer 150 is a polarizer in a single piece, and the polarizer 150 is bonded to the coupling-out grating 140 or the waveguide substrate 110 by an adhesive such as glue.

Referring to fig. 42, fig. 42 is a schematic view of a near-eye display device according to still another embodiment of the present application. The near-eye display device 2 comprises an augmented reality display apparatus 1 as provided in any of the previous embodiments.

In an embodiment, the near-eye display device 2 further comprises a wearing frame 160. The wearing frame 160 has two window regions 161 arranged at intervals, and at least one window region 161 of the two window regions 161 is provided with the coupling grating 140.

Referring to fig. 43, fig. 43 is a schematic view of a near-eye display device according to still another embodiment of the present application. The near-eye display device 2 comprises an augmented reality display apparatus 1 as provided in any of the previous embodiments.

In one embodiment, the near-eye display device 2 further comprises a wearing frame 160, a wearing frame 170, an image source 180, and an optical lens assembly 190. The wearing frame 170 is connected to the wearing frame 160. The image source 180 is disposed at one side of the waveguide substrate 110 for generating light according to an image to be displayed. The optical lens assembly 190 is disposed between the image source 180 and the incoupling grating 120, and is configured to inject the light into the incoupling grating 120 according to a preset rule, and at least one of the image source 180 and the optical lens assembly 190 is disposed at a connection position where the wearing frame 160 is connected to the wearing frame 170.

The near-eye display device 2 further comprises a wearing frame 160 and a wearing frame 170, in particular, AR glasses. The microimage source is a device that generates an image, such as a Micro-LED display device.

When the augmented reality display device 1 is an AR glasses, in order to make the waveguide substrate structure composed of the waveguide substrate 110, the incoupling grating 120, and the outcoupling grating 140 fit the shape of the glasses as much as possible, the incoupling grating 120 may be disposed at the connection position where the wearing frame 160 is connected to the wearing frame 170. In the form of a side-projection layout, and placing the image source 180 and the optical lens assembly 190 at the joint where the wearing frame 160 is connected to the wearing frame 170, the incoupling grating 120 is disposed on one side of the window area 161, and when the near-eye display device 1 has two window areas 161, the two incoupling gratings 120 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the two window areas 161. The two in-coupling shutters 120 are disposed on opposite sides of the human eye when the AR glasses are worn.

In an embodiment, the augmented reality display device 1 may be disposed on a windshield of an automobile, for example, the augmented reality display device 1 may be disposed on a side of the windshield of the automobile near human eyes. The augmented reality display device 1 may or may not be directly attached to the windshield and is spaced apart from the windshield.

Referring to fig. 44, fig. 44 is a schematic view of a near-eye display device according to another embodiment of the present application. The near-eye display device 2 also includes a camera 230, an environmental sensor 240, a processor 250, and a battery 260. The image source 180, the camera 230, and the environmental sensor 240 are all electrically connected to the processor 250 for operation under the control of the processor 250. The camera 230 is used for collecting video data, and the environment sensor 240 is used for detecting the surrounding environment. The battery 260 is used to power the image source 180, the camera 230, and the environmental sensor 240.

The principle and the implementation of the present application are explained herein by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. An augmented reality display device, wherein the augmented reality display device comprises:

waveguide substrate;

a coupling-in grating, the coupling-in grating is carried on the waveguide substrate for coupling light into the waveguide substrate, and the grating vector of the coupling-in grating is a first vector K1;

a turning grating, the turning grating is carried on the waveguide substrate and used to dilate the light coupled into the waveguide substrate by the coupling-in grating, wherein the grating vector of the turning grating is the second vector K2; as well as

an out-coupling grating, the out-coupling grating is carried on the waveguide substrate for receiving the light after pupil dilation through the turning grating, and coupling the light out of the waveguide substrate, the grating vector of the out-coupling grating is the first Three vectors K3, wherein the first vector K1, the second vector K2 and the third vector K3 form a closed vector triangle, and when the augmented reality display device is used, the third vector K3 The range of the angle A between the direction and the horizontal direction X is: -45°≤A≤45°.

2 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 1 , wherein the range of the angle A between the direction of the third vector K3 and the horizontal direction X is: -30°≤A≤30°. 3 .

3 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 1 , wherein the coupling-out grating comprises a plurality of coupling-out units arranged at intervals and periodically arranged, and the period of the coupling-out grating is less than or equal to 450 nm. 4 .

4 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 1 , wherein the region of the outcoupling grating is a rectangle, wherein the side length of the rectangle satisfies:

d=m+l*tan(FOV/2)*2

Wherein, d is the side length of the rectangle, m is the eye movement range of the user, l is the distance from the user's eyes to the wave guide plate, and FOV is the field of view angle of the augmented reality display system.

5 . The augmented reality display device of claim 1 , wherein the period of the out-coupling grating is the same as the period of the in-coupling grating. 6 .

6 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 1 , wherein the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate, or disposed on opposite sides of the waveguide substrate. 7 . .

7 . The augmented reality display device of claim 6 , wherein the coupling-out grating and the waveguide substrate are integral structures. 8 .

8 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 1 , wherein the shape of the coupling-out grating is any one of a blazed grating, a tilted grating, a binary grating, and a photonic crystal. 9 .

9. The augmented reality display device according to claim 1, wherein the augmented reality display device further comprises:

A polarizer, the light emitted from the polarizer enters the coupling-out grating, wherein the polarization direction of the polarizer is the horizontal direction X.

10 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 9 , wherein the waveguide substrate comprises an outer surface and an inner surface disposed opposite to each other, and both the polarizer and the coupling-out grating are arranged on the waveguide substrate. 11 . the outer surface of the polarizer, and the polarizer is disposed away from the waveguide substrate compared to the outcoupling grating.

11 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 9 , wherein the waveguide substrate comprises an outer surface and an inner surface arranged opposite to each other, the polarizer is arranged on the outer surface of the waveguide substrate, and the coupling out A grating is disposed on the inner surface of the waveguide substrate.

12. The augmented reality display device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the polarizer is a coated polarizer.

13. An augmented reality display device, wherein the augmented reality display device comprises:

waveguide substrate;

an out-coupling grating, the out-coupling grating is carried on the waveguide substrate for coupling light in the waveguide substrate out of the waveguide substrate, the out-coupling grating has a second vector k2 and a third vector k3, wherein , the first vector k1, the second vector k2 and the third vector k3 form a closed vector triangle, and when the augmented reality display device is used, the relationship between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X The included angle between them is less than or equal to 45°, and the included angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 45°.

14 . The augmented reality display device according to claim 13 , wherein the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is less than or equal to 30°, and the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X are less than or equal to 30°. 15 . The included angle between them is less than or equal to 30°.

15 . The augmented reality display device of claim 13 , wherein the angle between the second vector k2 and the horizontal direction X is equal to the angle between the third vector k3 and the horizontal direction X. 16 .

16. The augmented reality display device according to claim 13, wherein the coupling-in grating and the coupling-out grating are disposed on the same side of the waveguide substrate, or disposed on opposite sides of the waveguide substrate .

17 . The augmented reality display device of claim 16 , wherein the coupling-out grating and the waveguide substrate are integral structures. 18 .

18. The augmented reality display device of claim 13, wherein the augmented reality display device further comprises:

A polarizer, the light emitted from the polarizer enters the outcoupling grating, wherein the polarization direction of the polarizer is parallel to the second vector k2, or parallel to the third vector k3, or between between the second vector k2 and the third vector k3.

19. The augmented reality display device according to claim 13, wherein the coupling-out grating is a three-dimensional grating with a preset pattern in the XY plane and extending in the Z direction, wherein the preset pattern is a circle Any of the shape, T shape, and rhombus.

20. A near-eye display device, comprising the augmented reality display device according to any one of claims 1-19.

21. The near-eye display device of claim 20, wherein the near-eye display device comprises:

A wearing frame, the wearing frame has two viewing window areas arranged at intervals, and at least one viewing window area of the two viewing window areas is provided with the coupling-out grating.

22. The near-eye display device of claim 21, wherein the near-eye display device further comprises:

a wearing frame, the wearing frame is connected with the wearing frame;

an image source disposed on one side of the waveguide substrate for generating light according to an image to be displayed; and

an optical lens assembly, the optical lens assembly is arranged between the image source and the coupling grating, and is used to input the light into the coupling grating according to a preset rule, the image source and the optical lens At least one of the components is arranged at the connection between the wearing frame and the wearing frame.