CN112816190B - Bolt monitoring system based on double split resonant ring patch antenna detection - Google Patents
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
一种基于双开口谐振环贴片天线的无源无线螺栓松动监测系统，其特征在于，包括RFID标签、阅读器和设置模块；阅读器负责无线读取RFID标签1的信息并进行数据处理；RFID标签构成传感单元，置于被连接构件表面。RFID标签由两个组件组成，组件一与组件二位于同一表面；工作时，当被测螺帽因松动相对于被连接构件发生转动时，组件一圆板同步于螺帽跟着一起发生转动，而组件二固定于被连接构件上，从而组件一中的内圆环和组件二中的外圆环发生相对转动，指状电极板和指状电极板13‑3的夹角发生变化，天线内部电容发生扰动，其使天线的谐振频率发生漂移。
A passive wireless bolt loosening monitoring system based on a double split resonant ring patch antenna is characterized in that it includes an RFID tag, a reader and a setting module; the reader is responsible for wirelessly reading the information of the RFID tag 1 and performing data processing; The label constitutes a sensing unit and is placed on the surface of the connected member. The RFID tag consists of two components, component one and component two are located on the same surface; during operation, when the tested nut rotates relative to the connected member due to loosening, the circular plate of component one rotates synchronously with the nut, while Component 2 is fixed on the connected member, so that the inner ring in component 1 and the outer ring in component 2 rotate relative to each other, the angle between the finger electrode plate and the finger electrode plate 13-3 changes, and the internal capacitance of the antenna changes. A disturbance occurs, which shifts the resonant frequency of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a bolt looseness monitoring technology.
Background
The bolt is widely applied to connection in the fields of civil engineering, traffic, aerospace and the like, and has the characteristics of high strength and detachability, so that the bolt has wider applicability. However, the bolt is easy to loosen under the action of long-term load, and serious potential safety hazards exist for the structure. Therefore, in the structure using the bolt connection, it is necessary to perform regular bolt monitoring to avoid structural damage due to loosening of the bolt.
Currently, the commonly used bolt monitoring techniques are: a bolt looseness monitoring method and a strain gauge electrical measurement method based on piezoelectric admittance are disclosed.
According to the bolt looseness monitoring method based on piezoelectric admittance, a piezoelectric sensor is pasted on a bolt, whether the bolt is loosened or not can be judged by measuring the peak frequency change in a piezoelectric admittance diagram, but the piezoelectric sensor needs to be excited through a lead, needs an expensive high-precision impedance analyzer, and is difficult to be applied to engineering practice in a large range.
The strain gage electrical measurement method accurately measures the bolt axial force by measuring the strain of a bolt screw, but the bolt axial force is not large, so that the measurement precision is not high, and the strain gage electrical measurement method is limited by installation conditions and is difficult to be widely applied.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the traditional bolt monitoring technology, the application provides a bolt looseness sensor based on a double-opening resonant ring patch antenna; a bolt monitoring system based on double-opening resonant ring patch antenna detection is disclosed; a system for monitoring loosening of a plurality of bolts in a large range is provided.
Technical scheme two
A passive wireless bolt looseness monitoring system based on a double-opening resonant ring patch antenna is characterized by comprising an RFID tag 1, a reader 4 and a setting module; the reader 4 is responsible for wirelessly reading the information of the RFID tag 1 and performing data processing;
the RFID tag 1 constitutes a sensing unit, and is placed on the surface of the member to be connected 3. The RFID tag 1 consists of two components, wherein a first component 12 and a second component 13 are positioned on the same surface, and the specific structure is as follows:
the first component 12 is a circular plate, the center of the first component is provided with a hexagonal opening 12-1, the surface of the first component is attached with a metal inner circular ring 12-2 and a finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3, and the hexagonal opening 12-1 is used for being embedded and stably fixed on the outer edge of the screw cap 3-2;
the second component 13 is a rectangular plane and is used for being attached and fixed on the upper surface of the connected component 3, and the rectangular plane is attached with an intermediate plate and is provided with a circular hole 13-1, a metal outer ring 13-2 and a finger electrode plate 13-3; the second component is used as a main part of the electronic tag sensor and is also provided with a feed microstrip line 13-4 and a chip 13-5; the outer ring 13-2 is connected with the feed microstrip line 13-4, and the chip 13-5 is fixed on the intermediate plate and connected with the tail end of the feed microstrip line 13-4;
embedding a circular plate of the first assembly into the circular hole 13-1 of the second assembly, rotating and contacting the surface of the connected member 3; the inner circular ring 12-2 and the outer circular ring 13-2 are matched with each other to form an initial position, and the inner circular ring 12-2, the outer circular ring 13-2, the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 form an antenna capacitor of the electronic tag; when the first assembly circular plate rotates in the second assembly, the position of the inner circular ring 12-2 relative to the outer circular ring 13-2 rotates, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna changes, and the antenna working frequency of the electronic tag in the equivalent circuit changes;
when the device works, when a tested nut 3-2 rotates relative to a connected member 3 due to looseness, a circular plate of a first assembly 12 rotates along with the nut 3-2 synchronously, and a second assembly 13 is fixed on the connected member 3, so that an inner circular ring 12-2 in the first assembly 12 and an outer circular ring 13-2 in the second assembly 13 rotate relative to each other, an included angle between a finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, and the internal capacitance of an antenna is disturbed, so that the resonant frequency of the antenna shifts;
the RFID tag 1 is used as a sensor for monitoring the loosening and rotating angle of a nut of the bolt; the RFID tag 1 is arranged on the nut 3-2 to be tested and the connected component 3, and is responsible for converting the information of the nut rotation angle of the bolt 2 to be tested into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the reader 4; along with the loosening of the bolt, the nut rotates, the inner circular ring in the first assembly and the outer circular ring in the second assembly rotate relatively, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plates 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plates 13-3 changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna changes, and the resonant frequency of the antenna drifts.
According to the specification, mechanical parameters and thread pitch of the bolt, determining the angle of rotation of a nut when the bolt changes from a preset pretightening force state to a completely-lost pretightening force state, and setting a module for system input; determining an initial relative included angle of the finger-shaped electrode plate; when the bolt of the object to be tested is loosened, the relative included angle of the finger-shaped electrode plates is changed, the resonant frequency of the antenna is changed, and the influence relation is determined.
The reader 4 comprises a wireless transceiving module, a modulation and demodulation module, a control module and a digital processing module; through the wireless transceiving module and the modulation and demodulation module, the reader detects the resonance frequency drift of the RFID tag, the resonance frequency drift is demodulated by the modulation and demodulation module and then is provided for the control module and the digital processing module, and the digital processing module calculates the relative rotation angle of the two components, namely the rotation angle of the nut according to the corresponding relation in the setting module, so as to judge the bolt state.
Wherein the control module is used for controlling the reader of the system to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the RFID label at different frequenciesWhen the power of the signal received by the RFID tag reaches a threshold value, the chip in the RFID tag can be activated. Minimum transmission power P of reader required for activating labelmin(f) In relation to the frequency f of the signal transmitted by the reader, f is the frequency of the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag when the reader transmits the signalRMinimum transmit power P required to activate the tagmin(fR) And minimum.
The digital processing module can determine the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag by searching for the transmitting frequency which enables the minimum transmitting power to reach the minimum value. When the relative included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, the antenna capacitance changes, the resonant frequency drifts, the amount of the resonant frequency drift can be determined by the method, so that the generated rotation angle value and the nut rotation angle are obtained, and the bolt state is judged according to the nut rotation angle.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) a passive wireless angle sensor based on a double-opening resonant ring patch antenna can sense angle change, and the drift amount of the resonant frequency of the sensor has a clear relation with the angle in a fixed range;
(2) the detection equipment can wirelessly detect the drift amount of the resonant frequency of the antenna, and accordingly calculates the rotation angle of the nut caused by the loosening of the bolt, so that the wireless detection of the loosening of the bolt is realized;
(3) the chip can store simple information such as ID, position and the like of the patch antenna, and realizes large-range monitoring of a plurality of bolt loosening;
(4) when the RFID tag in the sensing system is installed, the bolt does not need to be modified, and the RFID tag can be installed on the existing bolt, so that the RFID tag is more economical and practical;
(5) compared with the existing sensing system, the sensing system has extremely low cost, and can be designed and built together with a structure as prefabricated equipment to build a real-time monitoring network.
Drawings
Sensor application scenario illustration in the embodiment of FIG. 1
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an RFID tag formed by a first component and a second component in embodiment 1
FIG. 3 schematic diagram of system configuration in embodiment 2
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided in the present application will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application have a better implementation and are not intended to limit the present application in any way. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present application should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve a better technical effect. The scope of the preferred embodiments of this application may also include additional implementations, and this should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
The drawings in the present application are in simplified form and are not to scale, but rather are provided for convenience and clarity in describing the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Any modification of the structure, change of the ratio or adjustment of the size of the structure should fall within the scope of the technical disclosure of the present application without affecting the effect and the purpose of the present application. And the same reference numbers appearing in the various drawings of the present application designate the same features or components, which may be employed in different embodiments.
Example 1
Monitoring sensor (construction, structure principle)
As shown in figures 1 and 2 of the drawings,
the RFID tag 1 constitutes a sensing unit, and is placed on the surface of the member to be connected 3. The RFID tag 1 consists of two components, wherein a first component 12 and a second component 13 are positioned on the same surface, and the specific structure is as follows:
the first component 12 is a circular plate, the center of the first component is provided with a hexagonal opening 12-1, the surface of the first component is attached with a metal inner circular ring 12-2 and a finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3, and the hexagonal opening 12-1 is used for being embedded and stably fixed on the outer edge of the screw cap 3-2;
the second component 13 is a rectangular plane and is used for being attached and fixed on the upper surface of the connected component 3, and the rectangular plane is attached with an intermediate plate and is provided with a circular hole 13-1, a metal outer ring 13-2 and a finger electrode plate 13-3; the second component is used as a main part of the electronic tag sensor and is also provided with a feed microstrip line 13-4 and a chip 13-5; the outer ring 13-2 is connected with the feed microstrip line 13-4, and the chip 13-5 is fixed on the intermediate plate and connected with the tail end of the feed microstrip line 13-4;
embedding a circular plate of the first assembly into the circular hole 13-1 of the second assembly, rotating and contacting the surface of the connected member 3; the inner circular ring 12-2 and the outer circular ring 13-2 are matched with each other to form an initial position, and the inner circular ring 12-2, the outer circular ring 13-2, the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 form an antenna capacitor of the electronic tag; when the first assembly circular plate rotates in the second assembly, the position of the inner circular ring 12-2 relative to the outer circular ring 13-2 rotates, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna changes, and the antenna working frequency of the electronic tag in the equivalent circuit changes;
when the device works, when the tested nut 3-2 rotates relative to the connected member 3 due to looseness, the circular plate of the first assembly 12 rotates together with the nut 3-2 synchronously, and the second assembly 13 is fixed on the connected member 3, so that the inner circular ring 12-2 in the first assembly 12 and the outer circular ring 13-2 in the second assembly 13 rotate relatively, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna is disturbed, and the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted.
Further, by way of example and not limitation, the material of the inner circular ring, the outer circular ring, the finger-shaped electrode plate, the feed microstrip line and the ground plane is brass, and the material of the dielectric plate is RT 5880.
The application comprises the following steps:
the invention is suitable for monitoring the working state of a common bolt in engineering, and a sensor is required to be arranged on a fastened bolt and nut rod piece to be tested during measurement, and is particularly arranged and sleeved on a hexagon of a bolt to be tested 3-2. The initial installation needs to satisfy the assembly relationship between the first component 12 and the second component 13:
the first component 12 is connected with the nut 3-2, the first component 12 is in contact with the connected piece 3 but is not connected with the connected piece, the second component 13 is fixed on the surface of the connected piece 3, and the rotation of the nut 3-2 causes the relative rotation between the first component and the second component.
Further, when the nut 3-2 rotates, the inner ring and the outer ring rotate relatively, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, and further the capacitance of the antenna changes, and further the resonant frequency of the antenna changes.
Further, when the tag 1 is installed, an included angle between any finger electrode plate 12-3 and any finger electrode plate 13-3 can be selected, and when the bolt 2 is loosened, the included angle between the finger electrode plate 12-3 and the finger electrode plate 13-3 changes, so that the antenna resonant frequency changes.
Furthermore, the shape of the opening of the circular plate of the first component 12 can be adjusted according to different shapes of the screw cap, so that the first component and the screw cap are more convenient to connect.
Further, to the bolt of different specifications, the size of the two opening resonance ring based patch antenna in this application can be adjusted and re-optimized to satisfy different demands.
Furthermore, according to the specification, mechanical parameters and thread pitch of the bolt, the angle of the nut rotation when the bolt changes from the preset pretightening force state to the completely pretightening force losing state can be determined. When the tag 1 is installed, any included angle between the finger electrode plate 12-3 and the finger electrode plate 13-3 can be selected, and when the bolt 2 is loosened on the connected component 3, the included angle between the finger electrode plate 12-3 and the finger electrode plate 13-3 changes, so that the antenna resonant frequency changes. The characteristic can be used as an indicative index for judging that the bolt is changed from a state with pretightening force to a state without pretightening force completely.
Example 2 (application System, working principle)
Further, a monitoring system is provided based on example 1
As shown in figure 3 of the drawings,
radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides a new thinking for bolt looseness monitoring, and the application discloses a passive wireless bolt looseness monitoring system based on two open-ended resonant ring patch antennas, can realize the corner measurement that need not outside wired power.
A passive wireless bolt looseness monitoring system based on a double-opening resonant ring patch antenna is characterized by comprising an RFID tag 1, a reader 4 and a setting module; the reader 4 is responsible for wirelessly reading information of the RFID tag 1 and performing data processing.
The RFID tag 1 is used as a sensor for monitoring the loosening and rotating angle of a nut of the bolt; referring to embodiment 1, the RFID tag 1 is mounted on the nut to be measured 3-2 and the connected member 3, and is responsible for converting information on the nut rotation angle of the bolt to be measured 2 into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmitting it to the reader 4. The RFID tag comprises an antenna and a chip, and the inner circular ring plays a role of a sensing unit in angle measurement. Along with the loosening of the bolt, the nut rotates, the inner ring in the first assembly and the outer ring in the second assembly rotate relatively, an included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plates changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna changes, and the resonant frequency of the antenna drifts;
according to the specification, mechanical parameters and thread pitch of the bolt, the angle of rotation of the nut when the bolt changes from a preset pretightening force state to a completely-lost pretightening force state is determined through tests, and a module is arranged for inputting to a system. When the tag 1 is installed, the initial relative included angle of any finger-shaped electrode plate can be selected, when the bolt of the tested object is loosened, the relative included angle of the finger-shaped electrode plate is changed, the resonant frequency of the antenna is changed, and the influence relation is determined through tests.
The reader 4 comprises a wireless transceiving module, a modulation and demodulation module, a control module and a digital processing module; the wireless transceiver module and the modem module are all known technologies in the field, and are not innovative points of the present application. Through wireless transceiver module, modem module, the resonance frequency drift that the reader can detect the RFID label provides control module, digital processing module after modem module demodulation, and digital processing module calculates the relative corner of two subassemblies according to the corresponding relation in setting up the module, and then judges the bolt state promptly nut rotation angle.
The control module is used for controlling a reader of the system to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the RFID label at different frequencies, and when the power of signals received by the RFID label reaches a threshold value, a chip in the RFID label can be activated. Minimum transmission power P of reader required for activating labelmin(f) In relation to the frequency f of the signal transmitted by the reader, f is the frequency of the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag when the reader transmits the signalRMinimum transmit power P required to activate the tagmin(fR) And minimum.
The digital processing module can determine the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag by searching for the transmitting frequency which enables the minimum transmitting power to reach the minimum value. When the relative included angle of the finger-shaped electrode plates in the antenna changes, the capacitance of the antenna changes, and the resonant frequency drifts, the method can determine the drift amount of the resonant frequency, so that the generated rotation angle value and the nut rotation angle are obtained, and the bolt state is judged according to the nut rotation angle.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, realize carrying out passive wireless monitoring to the bolt looseness in a large scale.
The system also comprises a storage module, wherein the codes and the position information of the tags carried by the chips in the electronic tag sensors are prestored, the system utilizes a reader to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the tags, the codes of the tags can be identified, and when a plurality of RFID tags are arranged in the scanning range of the reader, the reader can mark the bolt state of each measuring point according to the codes of the tags and quickly position the loosened bolts.
The above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure should be considered as equivalent effective embodiments, and all the changes or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A passive wireless bolt looseness monitoring system based on a double-opening resonant ring patch antenna is characterized by comprising an RFID tag 1, a reader 4 and a setting module; the reader 4 is responsible for wirelessly reading the information of the RFID tag 1 and performing data processing;
the RFID tag 1 constitutes a sensing unit and is arranged on the surface of the connected component 3; the RFID tag 1 consists of two components, wherein a first component 12 and a second component 13 are positioned on the same surface, and the specific structure is as follows:
the first component 12 is a circular plate, the center of the first component is provided with a hexagonal opening 12-1, the surface of the first component is attached with a metal inner circular ring 12-2 and a finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3, and the hexagonal opening 12-1 is used for being embedded and stably fixed on the outer edge of the screw cap 3-2;
the second component 13 is a rectangular plane and is used for being attached and fixed on the upper surface of the connected component 3, and the rectangular plane is attached with an intermediate plate and is provided with a circular hole 13-1, a metal outer ring 13-2 and a finger electrode plate 13-3; the second component is used as a main part of the electronic tag sensor and is also provided with a feed microstrip line 13-4 and a chip 13-5; the outer ring 13-2 is connected with the feed microstrip line 13-4, and the chip 13-5 is fixed on the intermediate plate and connected with the tail end of the feed microstrip line 13-4;
embedding a circular plate of the first assembly into the circular hole 13-1 of the second assembly, rotating and contacting the surface of the connected member 3; the inner circular ring 12-2 and the outer circular ring 13-2 are matched with each other to form an initial position, and the inner circular ring 12-2, the outer circular ring 13-2, the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 form an antenna capacitor of the electronic tag; when the first assembly circular plate rotates in the second assembly, the position of the inner circular ring 12-2 relative to the outer circular ring 13-2 rotates, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna changes, and the antenna working frequency of the electronic tag in the equivalent circuit changes;
when the device works, when a tested nut 3-2 rotates relative to a connected member 3 due to looseness, a circular plate of a first assembly 12 rotates along with the nut 3-2 synchronously, and a second assembly 13 is fixed on the connected member 3, so that an inner circular ring 12-2 in the first assembly 12 and an outer circular ring 13-2 in the second assembly 13 rotate relative to each other, an included angle between a finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, and the internal capacitance of an antenna is disturbed, so that the resonant frequency of the antenna shifts;
the RFID tag 1 is used as a sensor for monitoring the loosening and rotating angle of a nut 3-2 of the bolt; the RFID tag 1 is arranged on the nut 3-2 to be tested and the connected component 3, and is responsible for converting the information of the rotation angle of the nut 3-2 of the bolt 2 to be tested into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the reader 4; along with the loosening of the bolt, the nut 3-2 rotates, the inner ring 12-2 in the first assembly 12 and the outer ring 13-2 in the second assembly 13 rotate relatively, the included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plates 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plates 13-3 changes, the internal capacitance of the antenna changes, and the resonance frequency of the antenna is shifted.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors,
according to the specification, mechanical parameters and thread pitch of the bolt, determining the angle of rotation of a nut when the bolt changes from a preset pretightening force state to a completely-lost pretightening force state, and setting a module for system input; determining an initial relative included angle of the finger-shaped electrode plate; when the bolt of the object to be tested is loosened, the relative included angle of the finger-shaped electrode plates is changed, the resonant frequency of the antenna is changed, and the influence relation is determined.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second sensors,
the reader 4 comprises a wireless transceiving module, a modulation and demodulation module, a control module and a digital processing module; through the wireless transceiving module and the modulation and demodulation module, the reader detects the resonance frequency drift of the RFID tag, the resonance frequency drift is demodulated by the modulation and demodulation module and then is provided for the control module and the digital processing module, and the digital processing module calculates the relative rotation angle of the two components, namely the rotation angle of the nut according to the corresponding relation in the setting module, so as to judge the bolt state.
4. The system of claim 3, characterized in that,
the control module is used for controlling a reader of the system to transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals to the RFID label at different frequencies, and when the power of signals received by the RFID label reaches a threshold value, a chip in the RFID label can be activated; minimum transmission power P of reader required for activating labelmin(f) In relation to the frequency f of the signal transmitted by the reader, f is the frequency of the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag when the reader transmits the signalRMinimum transmit power P required to activate the tagmin(fR) And minimum.
5. The system of claim 3, characterized in that,
the digital processing module can determine the resonant frequency of the antenna in the RFID tag by searching for the transmitting frequency which enables the minimum transmitting power to reach the minimum value; when the relative included angle between the finger-shaped electrode plate 12-3 and the finger-shaped electrode plate 13-3 changes, the antenna capacitance changes, the resonant frequency drifts, the resonant frequency drift amount is determined, the generated rotation angle value and the nut rotation angle are obtained, and the bolt state is judged according to the nut rotation angle.
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