CN112796664A - Microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device and method - Google Patents
Microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112796664A CN112796664A CN202110187599.4A CN202110187599A CN112796664A CN 112796664 A CN112796664 A CN 112796664A CN 202110187599 A CN202110187599 A CN 202110187599A CN 112796664 A CN112796664 A CN 112796664A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device and method, which aim at solving the problems that a drill bit is seriously worn, the drill bit is frequently replaced when being taken off and put down and the drilling time efficiency is seriously influenced in the traditional mechanical rock breaking method. The invention utilizes the technology that two input energies of microwave irradiation and supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow are mutually and organically matched to improve the drilling efficiency; the provided drilling device has the mode of alternately acting rotary jet flow and direct flow to erode and destroy the rock; the jet flow fluid nozzle adopts a ball valve to control the jet flow speed, so that the drilling efficiency is improved; the strength of the rock is effectively reduced by utilizing the permeation action of the supercritical carbon dioxide and the expansion action of the supercritical carbon dioxide under microwave irradiation. Compared with the conventional drilling device, the device can greatly improve the drilling capability of dealing with rock masses under different strengths, and greatly improve the drilling efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock drilling, in particular to a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device and method.
Background
The crushing method and the technical research of the hard rock are long-standing concerns in industries such as mining industry, civil engineering industry, military industry and the like. For a non-coal mine with hard rock, if a traditional mechanical rock breaking method is used for drilling, the abrasion of a drill bit is serious, the drill bit is frequently taken down and replaced, the economic competitiveness is lacked, or sufficient capacity cannot be realized due to the increase of maintenance amount, even if the rock is broken by adopting impact water pressure, the rock breaking limit also exists, but the rock breaking limit of the process of singly inputting one energy can be broken by adopting a process of combining two or more kinds of input energy.
The microwave is an important auxiliary rock breaking means because of the characteristics of no medium for heating, high heat transfer and temperature rise speed, strong penetrability, easy control of the process and the like, and the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid has the viscosity and the high permeability close to that of gas, and also has the high density and the strong dissolving capacity close to that of liquid, so that the excellent characteristics of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid are very suitable for the development of minerals and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of serious abrasion of a common mechanical drilling cutter and low drilling efficiency during drilling in a hard rock section, and provides a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device and method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device mainly comprises: the device comprises a power supply box, a computer numerical control system, a drilling rod top liquid inlet and outlet sealing turntable, a hydraulic drilling machine chuck, a high-power microwave generating system, a drilling rod, a drilling bit, a rotating slip ring electric brush, an optical fiber, a cable, a pressure-resistant pipeline, a heat-resistant water pipeline, a high-pressure rotating jet nozzle, a high-pressure direct jet nozzle, a pressure gauge, a temperature sensor, a torque sensor, a micro motor, an impurity separation device, a high-pressure cold box, a valve, a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, a pressure buffer tank, a high-pressure pump, a water tank; the high-power microwave generation system generates microwaves, and the microwaves are transmitted through the microwave guide pipe to heat the rock so as to assist the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid jet flow and generate the effect of breaking the rock at high efficiency; the drilling power pack comprises: the hydraulic drilling machine comprises a hydraulic drilling machine chuck, an electric pulley and a drilling support, wherein the hydraulic drilling machine chuck provides rotary power and propelling force, and the drilling support and the electric pulley are respectively used for fixing equipment and providing a propelling track; the non-rotating threading rod is welded on the drilling support; the drill rods are in threaded connection, the internal non-rotating threading rods are in meshed connection through a meshed tooth, and sealing rubber rings are arranged at the connection positions of the drill rods to prevent liquid leakage in the drilling process; the temperature sensor is embedded in the drill wing of the drill bit and used for transmitting temperature data at the drill bit so as to adjust the microwave output power according to the requirement, the microwave power adjustment is controlled by the power adjusting motor, the torque sensor is arranged on a drill rod below a chuck of the drilling machine and is responsible for measuring the torque of the drill rod in the drilling process, and the data is transmitted back to the computer numerical control system; the external generating device comprises a computer numerical control system for controlling the power of microwaves, and a high-pressure cold box, a high-pressure pump, a pressure buffer tank and an impurity separation device are used for preparing a recyclable supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, wherein a pressure-resistant pipeline is connected with each device to form a prepared fluid conveying passage, and a pressure gauge is connected to a proper position of the pipeline and used for monitoring the pressure of each position of the pipeline; the high-power microwave generating system comprises a high-pressure water pump, a water tank, a magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel, a magnetron water cooling system water outlet channel, a refrigerating device and heat-resisting water pipelines, wherein the high-pressure water pump, the water tank, the magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel, the magnetron water cooling system water outlet channel and the refrigerating device are connected with each device through the heat-resisting water pipelines, the heat dissipation is provided for a magnetron in the high-power microwave generating system, redundant reflected microwaves are absorbed, in addition, water in the built-in water tank can be sprayed through a cleaning nozzle to clean slurry of a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic layer at the lower end of a microwave wave feeding. A microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling method is based on a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device and mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: and (3) starting a drilling power unit, implementing drilling, simultaneously, respectively spraying supercritical carbon dioxide fluid from a high-pressure direct jet nozzle (6-3) and a high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) on the drill bit (6) and acting on a hard rock surface, and enabling the drill bit (6) to rotate to enable the fluid sprayed from the high-pressure direct jet nozzle (6-3) and the fluid sprayed from the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) to act on the rock in turn.
Step 2: when the measured value of the torque sensor (31) is obviously increased or data shows that the propelling speed of the drilling machine is obviously reduced under certain power in the drilling process, the rock breaking effect of single supercritical carbon dioxide jet is not good enough, the computer numerical control system (21) controls the high-power microwave generating system (4) to start, the drill bit (6) drills while irradiating, in addition, the microwave irradiation power is adjusted by using the power adjusting micro motor (4-2) at any time according to the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor (6-4) embedded in the drill wing, and the micro motor (6-1) with a built-in battery at the microwave wave feed port controls the outlet of the microwave catheter (5) to move along the slide rail (6-6-1) so that the microwave can more specifically act on the rock with high intensity; when the high-power microwave generating system (4) starts to work, the external magnetron water-cooling protection device is started at the same time, the high-pressure water pump (23), the water tank (24) and the refrigerating device (25) work normally to play a role in protecting the magnetron (4-1), and water in the built-in water tank (4-4) is used as a water load to absorb redundant reflected microwaves to protect a microwave source.
And step 3: when the drilling propulsion effect is not changed obviously after the implementation of the step 2, or aiming at rock masses with overlarge strength, the drill bit (6) can be controlled to stop drilling firstly, the high-power microwave generation system (4) works independently, after the microwave continuously irradiates for a period of time (40s), the drill bit (6) is started to drill for a period of depth, then the drill bit (6) stops drilling, the high-power microwave generation system (4) continuously works … … independently, so that the rocks to be drilled are heated by the microwave continuously for a period of time, and the drilling is continuously implemented after the rock strength is obviously reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device has the effect of protecting the drill bit. Microwave-assisted mechanical rock breaking is a mixed rock breaking method combining a microwave heating technology and a mechanical rock breaking technology. Different mineral compositions within the rock have different absorption characteristics for microwave energy. The different thermal expansion of each mineral produces the internal stress, takes place to follow brilliant fracture and cross brilliant fracture in making the rock, makes the sample produce damage and microcrack, and this can make rock point load strength, unipolar compressive strength, tensile strength take place to show and reduce, and this just can show the intrusion rate and the cutter life-span that improve mechanical rock breaking equipment cutter, solves the wearing and tearing problem of mechanical cutter to realize improving the broken efficiency of rock and the purpose that reduces the broken cost of rock.
2. The device of the invention utilizes the supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow, can greatly improve the drilling efficiency and protect the environment. Experiments show that the supercritical carbon dioxide jet has a larger rock breaking range and better effect compared with water jet. The supercritical carbon dioxide has the characteristics of low viscosity and easy diffusion of gas and high density of liquid carbon dioxide, and easily enters cracks and pores in rocks in the jet rock breaking process, so that damage caused by microwave irradiation is continuously expanded, the threshold pressure of rock breaking is reduced, and rock breaking is facilitated.
3. The device adopts a mode of alternating action of direct jet and rotary jet, the mode integrates the advantages of large direct flow rock breaking depth and large rotary jet rock breaking area, rock is eroded and broken alternately by multiple breaking modes, rock breaking threshold pressure is reduced, rock breaking efficiency of jet is greatly improved, and jet speed can be controlled by the design of the ball valve at the jet nozzle part, so that jet with different speeds can be set for different rock masses to a great extent, drilling pertinence can be improved, a drill bit is prevented from being worn, and the service life of a cutter is prolonged.
4. The device adopts the mode that supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow and microwave irradiation are mutually matched, can be used for drilling various rock masses with different strengths, does not need to frequently replace a drill bit in the drilling process, and has higher drilling efficiency.
5. The drilling rod is internally provided with the optical fiber and the cable, the drilling rod is not required to be frequently threaded again when being additionally installed, and the drilling rod can be directly additionally installed, so that the drilling rod is more conveniently and rapidly installed in the drilling process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general schematic of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional top view of the drill rod a-a of figure 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the drill bit of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the drill bit of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing the internal structure of the high power microwave generating system of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure of the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle and the high-pressure direct jet nozzle.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the microwave waveguide port.
FIG. 8 is a top view of the drill pipe top end in and out of the liquid tight swivel.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the threaded connection of the drill rod and a schematic view of the non-rotatable threading rod.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a drill pipe with a fiber optic cable.
In fig. 1: 1 is a drill rod, 2 is a threaded connection part of the drill rod, 3 is a rotary slip ring brush, 4 is a high-power microwave generation system, 5 is a microwave guide pipe, 6 is a drill bit, 7 is a rock debris output channel, 8 is a supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow channel, 9 is an optical fiber and a cable, 10 is a non-rotary threading rod, 11 is a wellhead sealing device, 12 is an impurity separation device, 13 is a high-pressure cold box, 14 is a valve, 15 is a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank, 16 is a high-pressure pump, 17 is a pressure-resistant pipeline, 18 is a pressure buffer tank, 19 is a pressure gauge, 20 is a power supply box, 21 is a computer numerical control system, 22 is a heat-resistant water pipeline, 23 is a high-pressure water pump, 24 is a water tank, 25 is a refrigeration device, 26 is a water inlet channel of a magnetron water cooling system, 27 is a water outlet channel of the magnetron water cooling system, 28 is a drilling support, 29 is an electric, 32 is a welding point between a non-rotating threading rod and a bracket, 33 is a gap between a drill rod and the non-rotating threading rod, and 34 is a sealing turntable for liquid inlet and outlet at the top end of the drill rod; in fig. 2: 9 is optical fiber and cable, 10 is non-rotating threading rod, 33 is the gap between the drill rod and the non-rotating threading rod, 27 is the water outlet channel of the magnetron water cooling system, 26 is the water inlet channel of the magnetron water cooling system, and 1-4 is the bearing; in fig. 3: 3 is a rotary slip ring brush, 4 is a high-power microwave generating system, 6-1 is a micro motor, 6-2 is a high-pressure rotary jet nozzle, 6-3 is a high-pressure direct jet nozzle, 4-7 is a water flow channel of a cleaning device, 6-4 is a temperature sensor, 6-5 is an inner wiring micro motor support rod, and 6-6 is a microwave wave feeding port; in fig. 4: 6-2 is a high-pressure rotary jet nozzle, 6-3 is a high-pressure direct jet nozzle, and 6-6 is a microwave wave feed port; in fig. 5: 9 is optical fiber and cable, 20 is power supply box, 21 is computer numerical control system, 26 is water inlet channel of magnetron water cooling system, 27 is water outlet channel of magnetron water cooling system, 22 is heat-resisting water pipe, 23 is high pressure water pump, 24 is water tank, 25 is refrigerating plant, 4-1 is magnetron, 4-2 is power regulating micro motor, 4-3 is power regulating unit, 4-4 is built-in water tank, 4-5 is heat insulating layer, 4-6 is circulator, 5 is microwave conduit, 4-7 is cleaning device water channel, 4-8 is numerical control valve, 4-9 is inlet and outlet water isolation board of magnetron water cooling system, 4-10 is timer micro motor; in fig. 6: 6-2-1 is a spiral fan blade, 6-2-2 is a central support rod, 6-2-3 is a valve rod, 6-2-4 is a gear, 6-2-5 is a ball valve, and 6-2-6 is a micro motor; in fig. 7: 6-6-1 is a slide rail, 6-1 is a micro motor with a built-in battery, 6-6-2 is a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic layer, and 6-6-3 is a cleaning nozzle; in fig. 8: 34-1 is a water outlet pipe of a magnetron water cooling system, 34-2 is a water inlet of the magnetron water cooling system, 34-3 is a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid injection port, 34-4 is a channel isolation plate, 34-5 is a rotatable closed ring, 34-6 is a smooth ball, and 32 is a welding point of a non-rotatable threading rod and a support; in fig. 9: 1-1 is a drill rod external thread, 1-2 is a drill rod internal thread, 1-3 is a sealing rubber ring, 1-4 is a bearing, and 10-1 is a non-rotating threading rod rodent; in fig. 10: 1-5 is a drill rod built-in optical fiber cable plug, 1-6 is a drill rod built-in optical fiber cable socket, 9 is an optical fiber and a cable, 1 is a drill rod, and 10 is a non-rotating threading rod.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-10, a microwave-assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jet mainly comprises a drill bit (6), a drill rod (1), an external generating device and a drilling power set. The drill bit mainly comprises a high-power microwave generating system (4), a rotary slip ring electric brush (3), a microwave guide pipe (5), a high-pressure direct jet nozzle (6-3), a high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2), a cleaning device water flow channel (4-7), a temperature sensor (6-4), an internal wiring micro motor support rod (6-5), a microwave wave feed port (6-6) and the like; the external device mainly comprises: a pressure gauge (19), a pressure buffer tank (18), a high-pressure pump (16), a pressure-resistant pipeline (17), a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (15), a high-pressure cold box (13), an impurity separation device (12), a heat-resistant water pipeline (22), a high-pressure water pump (23), a water tank (24), a refrigerating device (25), a power supply box (20), a computer numerical control system (21) and a torque sensor (31), wherein the power supply box (20) provides power for the high-power microwave generation system (4), the computer numerical control system (21) and the whole system through cables, the computer numerical control system (21) receives temperature data of temperature sensors (6-4) embedded on drill wings, the torque sensor (31) measures the torque in the propelling process of a drill rod, and adjusts the microwave power and the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid speed according to the strength of different rocks, in fig. 1, after the output rock debris and carbon dioxide are filtered and separated by the impurity separation device (12), the carbon dioxide circulates through the high-pressure and low-temperature water bath in the high-pressure cold box (13), so that the entering carbon dioxide is changed into liquid and stored in the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (15) to facilitate the pumping of the high-pressure pump (16); liquid carbon dioxide is pumped into a coil pipe in a pressure buffer tank (18), the pressure is continuously increased and is converted into a supercritical state under the cyclic heating of high-temperature water bath, and a pressure gauge (19) is arranged on a pressure-resistant pipeline (17) and used for monitoring the pressure at each position; the pressure buffer tank (18) is connected with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid channel (8), the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid forms jet flow through the high-pressure rotating jet flow nozzle (6-2) and the high-pressure direct jet flow nozzle (6-3) to impact on rocks, and after the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid becomes gas, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid enters the high-pressure cold box (13) again along with the rock debris output channel (7) through the impurity separation device (12) to be cooled again to form liquid carbon dioxide, so that cyclic utilization is realized; the drilling power set comprises a drilling support (28), a hydraulic drilling machine chuck (30), an electric pulley (29), a non-rotating threading rod and support welding point (32), a wellhead sealing device (11), a drilling rod top liquid inlet and outlet sealing turntable (34) and the like; the drill rod (1) is in threaded connection with the drill rod (1), a non-rotating threading rod (10) is arranged at the axis center of the drill rod (1), a ball and lubricating oil are added in a gap between the non-rotating threading rod (10) and the drill rod, bearings (1-4) are respectively installed at the positions, close to the upper port and the lower port, of the non-rotating threading rod (10), the non-rotating threading rods (10) are mutually connected by adopting a method of meshing teeth, optical fibers and cables (9) are arranged in the non-rotating threading rods (10), a plug or a socket of the optical fibers and the cables (9) is arranged at the joint of each section of the drill rod (1), in addition, a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid channel (8) is arranged in the drill rod (1), a magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel (26) and a magnetron water outlet channel (27) are arranged in the non-rotating threading rod (10), and the joint of the high-power microwave generating system (4) is connected by a rotating, avoid the drilling rod to bore in-process optic fibre and cable (9) stranded conductor: a supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow channel (8) in the drill rod (1) is directly communicated with the surface of the rock, microwaves are transmitted through the microwave guide tube (5) and then penetrate through a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic layer (6-6-2) through a microwave wave feed port (6-6) to act on the surface of the rock, and after the microwaves act on the rock, rock debris is taken away by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and generated carbon dioxide gas, so that the rock debris is conveyed from a rock debris output channel (7) to an impurity separation device (12) in an external connection device; the high-power microwave generating system (4) mainly comprises a built-in water tank (4-4) in the system, a magnetron (4-1), a power adjusting unit (4-3), a power adjusting micro motor (4-2), a heat insulating layer (4-5), a circulator (4-6), a microwave guide pipe (5), a cleaning device water flow channel (4-7), a numerical control valve (4-8), a magnetron water cooling system water inlet and outlet isolation plate (4-9) and a timer micro motor (4-10), and an external heat-resistant water conveying pipeline (22), a high-pressure water pump (23), a water tank (24) and a refrigerating device (25), wherein the water inlet channel (26) of the magnetron water cooling system and the water outlet channel (27) of the magnetron water cooling system in the corresponding drill rod (1) are used for solving the self heating problem of the magnetron (4-1) by adopting the water cooling device through internal circulation of cooling water, the normal work of the microwave system is protected. The high-frequency characteristic of microwave means that the energy is radiated to the surrounding space by transmission on a common metal wire, so that the wave transmission is attenuated quickly, in addition, the working wavelength of the microwave frequency band is comparable to or smaller than the circuit size, the phase lag phenomenon cannot be ignored, therefore, a waveguide tube (5) with a circular cross section different from a common wire is adopted to transmit microwaves, a circulator (4-6) is another microwave transmission device, part of reflected microwaves can enter an internal water tank (4-4) in a high-power microwave generation system (4) through an irreversible circulator so as to avoid redundant microwave reflection from entering a microwave source to damage a magnetron (4-1), and water in the internal water tank (4-4) can be sprayed out from a cleaning nozzle (6-6-3) through a cleaning device water flow channel (4-7) to perform untimely cleaning on a microwave wave feeding port (6-6); as shown in fig. 6: a temperature sensor (6-4) is embedded on a drill wing of a drill bit (6), the drill bit is connected to a high-power microwave generating device (4) through an optical fiber and a cable (9) and is connected to a computer numerical control system (21), a spiral fan blade (6-2-1) is arranged inside a high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) and is supported by a central support rod (6-2-2), the spiral fan blade (6-2-1) is forced to rotate by using jet pressure to enable the jet fluid to form rotary jet fluid, a ball valve (6-2-5) is additionally arranged at a jet water outlet at the bottom of the drill bit, the ball valve (6-2-5) is connected with a valve rod (6-2-3), and the valve rod (6-2-3) is controlled to rotate by a micro motor (6-2-6) through a gear, the internal ball valve (6-2-5) can be controlled to rotate, the ball valve (6-2-5) is additionally arranged at the jet flow water outlet at the bottom of the direct flow nozzle (6-3), the ball valve (6-2-5) is connected with the valve rod (6-2-3), the valve rod (6-2-3) is controlled by the micro motor (6-2-6) to rotate the gear (6-2-4), so that the internal ball valve (6-2-5) can be controlled to rotate, and the jet flow speed can be adjusted according to rocks with different strengths; a central support rod (6-2-2) is arranged in the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) and is responsible for supporting the spiral fan blade (6-2-1), when supercritical carbon dioxide fluid enters the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2), the spiral fan blade (6-2-1) is forced to rotate by impact force to form rotary jet, in addition, the high-pressure direct jet nozzle (6-3) and the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) are distributed at intervals, and when a drill bit rotates, a rock body is subjected to jet impact of the high-pressure direct jet and the high-pressure rotary jet alternately.
The working process of the microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device is as follows:
the power supply box (20) supplies power to the high-power microwave generation system (4) through a cable, so that the generated microwaves act on the rock mass, the microwave irradiation and the supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow are mutually and organically matched, the rock breaking threshold of drilling is reduced, and the whole drilling device can efficiently drill on the rock masses with different strengths.
Claims (7)
1. A microwave-assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jet comprises a drill bit (6), a drill rod (1) and a drilling power unit; the drill bit (6) comprises a high-power microwave generating system (4), a rotary slip ring electric brush (3), a high-pressure direct jet nozzle (6-3), a high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2), a cleaning device water flow channel (4-7) and a numerical control valve (4-8); the drilling power set comprises a drilling support (28), a hydraulic drilling machine chuck (30), an electric pulley (29), a wellhead sealing device (11) and a drilling rod top liquid inlet and outlet sealing turntable (34); the method is characterized in that:
the high-power microwave generating system (4) is arranged in the drill bit (6) and is characterized in that a built-in water tank (4-4) in the high-power microwave generating system (4) is simultaneously communicated with a magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel (26), a magnetron water cooling system water outlet channel (27) and a cleaning device water flow channel (4-7), a numerical control valve (4-8) is installed on the cleaning device water flow channel (4-7), the upper end of a microwave guide pipe (5) is directly connected with a magnetron (4-1), the outlet of the microwave guide pipe (5) is connected to a cross slide rail (6-6-1) of a microwave feed wave port (6-6) after penetrating through a circulator (4-6), and a micro motor (6-1) with a built-in battery is installed at the outer side wall of the outlet of the microwave guide pipe (5) at the upper end of the cross slide, the lower end of the slide rail is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic (6-6-2) layer; the power adjusting unit (4-3), the power adjusting micro motor (4-2), the timer micro motor (4-10) and the magnetron (4-1) are all connected by optical fibers and cables (9); the periphery of the high-power microwave generating system (4) is wrapped by a heat insulation layer (4-5);
the drill rods are connected through threads, the center of the axis of the drill rod (1) is provided with a non-rotating threading rod (10), the non-rotating threading rod (10) is connected with the drill rod through two bearings (1-4) which are respectively close to the upper end and the lower end of the drill rod (1), the non-rotating threading rods (10) are connected with each other through a method of meshing teeth, optical fibers and cables (9) are arranged in the non-rotating threading rods (10) in a hollow mode, and plugs or jacks of the optical fibers and the cables (9) are arranged at the threaded connection position of each section of drill rod (1); in addition, a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid channel (8), a magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel (26) and a magnetron water cooling system water outlet channel (27) are arranged in the drill rod (1), the three channels are mutually independent and coaxially arranged in space, and an optical fiber and a cable (9) in the non-rotating threading rod (10) are connected with a high-power microwave generating system (4) through a rotating slip ring brush (3).
2. The microwave-assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow according to claim 1, wherein the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid channel (8), the magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel (26) and the magnetron water cooling system water outlet channel (27) are provided, the three-channel fluid injection port can respectively rotate along the central axes of the drill rod top liquid inlet and outlet sealing rotary disc (34) along the circular slide rails with different radiuses, the central non-rotating threading rod (10) is fixed, and other positions of the drill rod top liquid inlet and outlet sealing rotary disc (34) are completely sealed except the three-channel injection port and the non-rotating threading rod (10).
3. The microwave-assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jet according to claim 1, characterized in that a spiral fan blade (6-2-1) arranged inside the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) is supported by a central support rod (6-2-2), a ball valve (6-2-5) is arranged at the jet nozzle at the bottom of the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2), the ball valve (6-2-5) is connected with a valve rod (6-2-3), and the valve rod (6-2-3) is driven by a micro motor (6-2-6) through a gear (6-2-4) to control rotation; the high-pressure direct jet nozzle (6-3) and the high-pressure rotary jet nozzle (6-2) are distributed adjacently on the drill bit (6).
4. The microwave-assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jet according to claim 1, characterized in that a ball valve (6-2-5) is installed at the jet nozzle at the bottom of the high-pressure direct flow nozzle (6-3), the ball valve (6-2-5) is connected with a valve rod (6-2-3), and the valve rod (6-2-3) is controlled to rotate by a micro motor (6-2-6) through the transmission of a gear (6-2-4).
5. A microwave assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jets according to claim 1, characterized in that the high pressure rotating jet (6-2) nozzles and the high pressure direct jet nozzles (6-3) are distributed adjacently on the drill bit (6).
6. The microwave-assisted drilling device for supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetron water cooling system water outlet channel (27) is connected with the high pressure water pump (23) and then sequentially connected with the water tank (24) and the refrigerating device (25) and then led to the magnetron water cooling system water inlet channel (26), and the devices are connected by the heat-resistant water pipe (22).
7. A microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling method is characterized in that a microwave-assisted supercritical carbon dioxide jet drilling device mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting a drilling power unit, implementing drilling, simultaneously, respectively ejecting supercritical carbon dioxide fluid injected through a supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow channel (8) through a high-pressure direct jet flow nozzle (6-3) and a high-pressure rotary jet flow nozzle (6-2) and acting on a hard rock surface, enabling the fluid ejected from the high-pressure direct jet flow nozzle (6-3) and the fluid ejected from the high-pressure rotary jet flow nozzle (6-2) to act on rock in sequence and alternately by the autorotation of a drill bit, and driving the rock debris to be discharged from a rock debris output channel (7);
step 2: when the measured value of the torque sensor (31) is obviously increased or data shows that the propelling speed of the drilling machine is obviously reduced under certain power in the drilling process, the rock breaking effect of single supercritical carbon dioxide jet is not good enough, the computer numerical control system (21) controls the high-power microwave generating system (4) to start, the drill bit (6) drills while irradiating the microwave, in addition, the power regulation micro motor (4-2) is used for regulating the microwave irradiation power at any time according to the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor (6-4) embedded in a drill wing, and the micro motor (6-1) with a built-in battery at the microwave feed wave port according to claim 2 controls the outlet of the microwave guide pipe (5) to move along the slide rail so that the microwave can be more pertinently applied to rock mass with high intensity. When the high-power microwave generating device (4) starts to work, the high-pressure water pump (23), the water tank (24) and the refrigerating device (25) according to claim 8 are started to normally work as a magnetron (4-1) for protection, and a water load in the built-in water tank (4-4) is utilized to absorb redundant reflected microwaves to protect a microwave source;
and step 3: when the drilling propulsion effect is still not ideal after the implementation of the step 2, or aiming at rock masses with overlarge strength, the drilling of the drill bit (6) can be controlled to stop firstly, the high-power microwave generation system (4) works independently, after the microwave is generated and continuously irradiates for a period of time (40s), the drill bit (6) is started to drill for a period of depth, then the drilling of the drill bit (6) is stopped, the high-power microwave generation system (4) continues to work independently, the circulation is carried out, the rocks to be drilled are heated by the microwaves for a period of time, and the drilling is continuously implemented after the rock strength is obviously reduced.
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