Assembled type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail vibration reduction, in particular to an assembly type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber.
Background
With the continuous development of urban rail transit in China, the traffic mileage is rapidly increased, the net is encrypted, the traffic volume is also increased linearly, and the requirements of passengers on the operation quality are gradually improved along with the improvement of the living standard. And along with the continuous increase of line service time, the track state can produce wearing and tearing of different degree and different forms, when the rail produced short wave ripples and grinds, can produce extremely violent vibration impact to the rail under the high-speed operation of train, and the frequency of this kind of impact is fixed, and intensity is big to radiation out very strong wheel rail noise, greatly reduced riding comfort. In order to solve the problems, the steel rail damping vibration absorber is widely applied, the wheel-rail interaction is improved in a resonance mode, the longitudinal attenuation rate of the steel rail is increased, and the steel rail short-wave grinding is favorably slowed down.
The installation position of the steel rail vibration absorber product in the prior art is generally positioned at the rail web of the steel rail, and the installation space is extremely limited. The conventional steel rail vibration absorber product generally adopts a mode of wrapping a mass block by using rubber in structure, the rubber is an isotropic material (the rubber is generally in an amorphous structure, and even the rubber with crystallinity has relatively low crystallinity, so the rubber material is generally isotropic), according to the mechanical principle of the isotropic material (G ═ E/[2(1+ v) ]), the elastic modulus is generally more than 3 times of the shear modulus, and a plate-type rubber support is taken as an example, the compression elastic modulus is generally 6MPa, and the shear elastic modulus is about 1.5 MPa. Therefore, when the compression performance of the rubber is adopted as the elasticity of the steel rail vibration absorber, the size of the rubber material cannot be increased due to the limitation of the installation space, so that the rigidity of the steel rail vibration absorber is difficult to reduce, the resonance frequency of the corresponding steel rail vibration absorber product is difficult to be lower, and the resonance frequency of the existing steel rail vibration absorber product is generally more than 250 Hz.
The prior art can only adjust the vibration frequency in the vertical direction and the transverse direction in the section of the steel rail, but the interaction of the wheel and the rail is complex in the actual field line state, particularly when the state difference of the wheel rim of a vehicle is large, when the train passes through the installation section of the steel rail vibration absorber, the main frequency direction of the steel rail vibration is different, and the existing steel rail vibration absorber product cannot adapt to the change of the main frequency direction of the vibration, so that the vibration absorbing effect is uneven.
Once the existing steel rail vibration absorber product is produced and manufactured, the inherent vibration characteristic of the steel rail vibration absorber product is formed, and any parameter adjustment cannot be carried out, at the moment, if the rail corrugation form (wavelength) or a vehicle running diagram is adjusted to cause the vehicle speed change, so that the characteristic frequency (vehicle speed/wavelength) is changed, the vibration attenuation effect of the vibration absorber product on the characteristic frequency can be lost, and even the vibration amplification is caused. The steel rail vibration absorber can only be replaced by a steel rail vibration absorber product with a brand new design to adapt to the change of characteristic frequency, which causes the waste of manpower and materials.
Meanwhile, the elastic material of the existing steel rail vibration absorber product is exposed, and when the steel rail vibration absorber is used in the open air, the steel rail vibration absorber is influenced by severe environments such as high temperature, cold, rain, snow, sunshine and the like, so that aging and denaturation are extremely generated, the original design elasticity is lost, the integral durability of the product is reduced, the service life is shortened, the vibration absorbing effect is lost, and even the vibration of the steel rail is amplified.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is an urgent need to solve the problem of how to provide a fabricated vibration absorber with anisotropic common-frequency steel rail damping.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide an assembled type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber, which solves the defects of the existing steel rail damping vibration absorber.
The invention provides an assembly type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber, which comprises:
the shell is arranged on the rail web at two sides of the steel rail, the shape of the shell is matched with that of the rail web of the steel rail, the outer side surface of the shell is flush with the rail bottom of the steel rail, an installation space is defined in the shell, two ends of the shell are open, and end covers are detachably connected to the end parts of the two ends;
the elastic bodies are cylindrical, the axes of the elastic bodies are parallel to the length direction of the steel rail, the number of the elastic bodies is two, and one end of each elastic body can be detached from the inner side wall of the end cover;
the mass block is arranged in the mounting space, and two ends of the mass block are in one-to-one correspondence and detachable connection with the other ends of the two elastic bodies; wherein the reserved gap between the mass block and the shell is more than or equal to 5 mm.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides the assembled type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber, the elastic rigidity of a steel rail vibration absorber product is reduced by utilizing the shear reducing performance of the elastic body, so that the inherent frequency of the steel rail vibration absorber is reduced, (according to f ═ v/lambda, wherein f is the vibration frequency of the steel rail, v is the running speed of a vehicle, and lambda is the wave grinding wavelength of the steel rail), and the assembled type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber can be suitable for a steel rail wave grinding section with lower vehicle speed and longer wavelength; the cylindrical elastic body is adopted and connected with the mass block, and the cross section of the elastic body is circular, so that the shearing rigidity of the elastic body in each direction in the plane of the cross section of the elastic body is consistent, and the resonance frequency of the steel rail vibration absorber in each direction in the section of the steel rail is the same, so that the vibration dominant frequency of the steel rail in any direction can be adjusted, the difference of the vibration dominant frequency directions of the steel rail caused by different vehicle rims is well adapted, 360-degree full coverage is realized, and the vibration absorption effect is improved;
the steel rail damping vibration absorber is detachably connected with each component, and is assembled and manufactured by adopting an assembly structure, so that the problem of poor adaptability of the prior art (product) to the change of characteristic frequency (vehicle speed/wavelength) can be solved to the maximum extent.
The elastic body is wrapped inside the shell, so that the adaptability to severe environments is improved, the aging speed is effectively delayed, and the service life of the vibration absorber is prolonged. The reserved gap between the mass block and the shell is more than or equal to 5mm, so that the mass block can carry out resonance frequency modulation.
Further, the end cover and the shell are connected by bolts. The end part of the shell is provided with a bolt hole, and the end cover is provided with a unthreaded hole or a bolt hole corresponding to the position of the bolt hole and then is inserted and fixed through a bolt.
Furthermore, the end cover and the shell are connected by adopting a buckle; the installation and the disassembly are more convenient.
Furthermore, hasp mounting positions are arranged on the top and the side of the shell; the end cover is provided with a connecting piece corresponding to the installation position of the hasp, the bottom of the hasp is installed on the installation position of the hasp, a hanging ring of the hasp is buckled on the connecting piece, and the hasp is a vibration-damping self-locking hasp. Therefore, the self-locking device is arranged in the hasp, and the situation of vibration and loosening in the long-term service process is prevented.
Furthermore, the connecting piece is a protruding block extending out of the edge of the end cover, and the protruding block and the end cover are integrally arranged, so that the connecting strength is ensured.
Furthermore, the mounting sides of the shell and the end cover close to the rail web are connected in a plug-in mode.
One side of the shell, which is far away from the side attached to the rail web, is provided with a plurality of small grooves, and the corresponding part of the end cover is provided with a bulge matched with the small grooves. During installation, the protrusion on the end cover is inserted into the groove of the main body shell, then the buckle ring on the shell is used for embracing the protrusion on the end cover, and then the buckle pressing plate is pressed tightly.
Furthermore, mounting grooves with opposite notches are formed in the inner side wall of the end cover and the end part of the mass block, and two ends of the elastic body are embedded into the mounting grooves; the elastomer is convenient to replace according to the use condition.
Furthermore, the mounting groove is embedded, or is a groove formed by protruding the plane of the inner side wall of the end cover and a groove formed by protruding the plane of the end part of the mass block.
Furthermore, the elastomer both ends all have rather than a body coupling's embedded end, and embedded end and mounting groove interference fit guarantee that elastomer and mounting groove laminate completely.
Furthermore, the inner surface of the mounting groove is of a conical cylinder structure, the outer surface of the embedded end is provided with a conical structure matched with the mounting groove, and the embedded end and the mounting groove are compressed through the conical structure to be connected in a self-locking mode.
Furthermore, the inner surface of the mounting groove is of a cylindrical structure, and the outer surface of the embedded end is provided with a cylindrical structure matched with the mounting groove.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the exterior of a fabricated type damping vibration absorber for steel rails with different directions and the same frequency according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal structure of a fabricated type all-directional same-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 the accompanying drawings illustrate one embodiment of an end cap, elastomer, and mass mounting;
FIG. 4 the accompanying drawings illustrate another embodiment of an end cap, elastomer and mass mounting;
FIG. 5 the accompanying drawings illustrate another embodiment of an end cap, elastomer and mass mounting;
in the figure: 100-housing, 101-snap-fit position, 200-elastomer, 300-mass, 400-end cap, 401-bump, 500-mounting groove, G-rail.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Because the mass block is wrapped up to the compression performance that current rail bump leveller product generally adopts the rubber, when the elasticity of the compression performance that adopts rubber as rail bump leveller, receives installation space's restriction, can't increase the rubber material size for its rigidity is difficult to reduce, and the resonant frequency of corresponding rail bump leveller product is difficult to accomplish lower, and the resonant frequency of current rail bump leveller product generally is more than 250Hz, and it is poor to inhale the effect. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention discloses an assembled type damping vibration absorber for all-directional common-frequency steel rails, which is shown in the attached drawings 1-2 and specifically comprises the following steps:
the shell 100 is arranged on the rail web at two sides of the steel rail G, the shape of the shell is matched with that of the rail web of the steel rail G, the outer side surface of the shell is flush with the rail bottom of the steel rail G, an installation space is defined in the shell 100, two ends of the shell are open, and end covers 400 are detachably connected to the end parts of the two ends;
the elastic bodies 200 are cylindrical, the axis of each elastic body 200 is parallel to the length direction of the steel rail G, two elastic bodies are arranged, and one end of each elastic body 200 can be detached from the inner side wall of the end cover 400;
the mass block 300 is arranged in the installation space, and two ends of the mass block 300 are detachably connected with the other ends of the two elastic bodies 200 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; wherein the gap reserved between the mass 300 and the housing 100 is greater than or equal to 5 mm.
The invention discloses and provides an assembled type anisotropic common-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber, which reduces the elastic rigidity of a steel rail vibration absorber product by utilizing the shear reducing performance of an elastic body, thereby reducing the inherent frequency of the steel rail vibration absorber, (according to f ═ v/lambda, f in the formula is the vibration frequency of a steel rail, v is the running speed of a vehicle, and lambda is the wave grinding wavelength of the steel rail), and the assembled type anisotropic common-frequency steel rail damping vibration absorber can be suitable for steel rail wave grinding sections with lower vehicle speed and longer wavelength; the cylindrical elastic body is adopted and connected with the mass block, and the cross section of the elastic body is circular, so that the shearing rigidity of the elastic body in each direction in the plane of the cross section of the elastic body is consistent, and the resonance frequency of the steel rail vibration absorber in each direction in the section of the steel rail is the same, so that the vibration dominant frequency of the steel rail in any direction can be adjusted, the difference of the vibration dominant frequency directions of the steel rail caused by different vehicle rims is well adapted, 360-degree full coverage is realized, and the vibration absorption effect is improved;
the steel rail damping vibration absorber is detachably connected with each component, and is assembled and manufactured by adopting an assembly structure, so that the problem of poor adaptability of the prior art (product) to the change of characteristic frequency (vehicle speed/wavelength) can be solved to the maximum extent.
The elastic body is wrapped inside the shell, so that the adaptability to severe environments is improved, the aging speed is effectively delayed, and the service life of the vibration absorber is prolonged. The reserved gap between the mass block and the shell is more than or equal to 5mm, so that the mass block can carry out resonance frequency modulation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the end cap 400 and the housing 100 are bolted together; the end part of the shell is provided with a bolt hole, and the end cover is provided with a unthreaded hole or a bolt hole corresponding to the position of the bolt hole and then is inserted and fixed through a bolt.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the end cap 400 and the housing 100 are snap-connected, so that the assembly and disassembly are more convenient and the elastomer can be replaced conveniently.
Specifically, the top and sides of the housing 100 are provided with snap-fit locations 101; the end cover 400 is provided with a connecting piece corresponding to the buckle mounting position 101, the bottom of the buckle is mounted on the buckle mounting position 101, a hanging ring of the buckle is buckled on the connecting piece, and the buckle is a vibration-damping self-locking buckle. Therefore, the self-locking device is arranged in the hasp, and the situation of vibration and loosening in the long-term service process is prevented.
Advantageously, the connector is a tab 401 extending beyond the edge of the end cap 400; the lug and the end cover are integrally arranged, so that the connection strength is ensured.
More advantageously, the housing 100 and the end cap 400 are connected by a plug-in connection on the mounting side adjacent to the web. One side of the shell, which is far away from the side attached to the rail web, is provided with a plurality of small grooves, and the corresponding part of the end cover is provided with a bulge matched with the small grooves. During installation, the protrusion on the end cover is inserted into the groove of the main body shell, then the buckle ring on the shell is used for embracing the protrusion on the end cover, and then the buckle pressing plate is pressed tightly.
In other embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 3 to 5, the inner side wall of the end cap 400 and the end of the mass 300 are provided with mounting grooves 500 having opposite notches, and both ends of the elastic body 200 are inserted into the mounting grooves 500. The elastomer is convenient to replace according to the use condition.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the mounting groove 500 is embedded, referring to fig. 4, the mounting groove is a groove formed by protruding the plane of the inner sidewall of the end cap 400, and the groove is formed by protruding the plane of the end of the mass 300.
Advantageously, both ends of the elastic body 200 have an embedded end integrally connected thereto, and the embedded end is in interference fit with the mounting groove 500; the external dimension of the elastic body is about 0.5mm larger than the dimension of the mounting groove, so that the elastic body and the mounting groove are connected and tightly attached. The embedded ends at two ends of the elastic body and the body can form a dumbbell-type structure, the waist shape in the middle of the dumbbell-type structure is a cylinder, the head shapes at two ends can be cylinders, cuboids or other polygonal cylinders, the structure is integrated, and the cross section size of the embedded end can be larger than that of the middle waist cylinder. The radius of the middle waist cylinder is 15-40mm, the height is 10-50mm, the embedded end is preferably a cylinder, and the elastomer material is generally rubber or polyurethane and is usually made of rubber.
Referring to the attached figure 5, the inner surface of the installation groove is of a conical cylinder structure, the outer surface of the embedded end is provided with a conical structure matched with the installation groove, and the embedded end and the installation groove are compressed through the conical structure to be connected in a self-locking mode.
Referring to fig. 4, the inner surface of the mounting groove is a cylindrical structure, the outer surface of the embedded end is provided with a cylindrical structure matched with the mounting groove, and the embedded end and the mounting groove are compressed through deformation of the embedded end.
The mass block in the embodiment of the invention is made of steel, the weight of the mass block is different according to different characteristic wavelengths of the rail corrugation and the vehicle speed, the mass block is generally in the range of 1-10kg, the appearance of the mass block can be in any shape, and the mass block is generally a cylinder, a cuboid or other polygonal cylinders for facilitating production and manufacturing.
The main function of the shell is to support the whole structure and protect the internal cylindrical elastic body and the mass block from being influenced by external force and external severe environment. The cylindrical elastic body is used as an elastic element of a steel rail vibration absorber product and is a main component for adjusting the resonance frequency. The mass block is a main component participating in resonance and inhibiting vibration of the steel rail. The shell is generally made of steel plates or alloys and is formed by rolling or die casting. The dimension of the shell along the length direction of the steel rail is 200-400 mm.
The rigidity of the steel rail vibration absorber product is reduced by utilizing the shear reducing performance of rubber, the lowest resonant frequency can reach 50Hz by adjusting the size of the shear elastomer of the product, the application range is wider, and the vibration absorbing performance is better; the steel rail vibration absorber is of an assembled structure, can be assembled quickly, and greatly shortens the production period; all parts can be replaced, the disassembly is convenient, and the conditions such as the change of the wave mill form or the adjustment of the driving speed can be quickly met. The cylindrical elastic body is used as the rigidity support, so that the resonance frequency of the product in all directions in the plane of the cross section of the steel rail is consistent, and the change of vibration dominant frequency directions caused by various wheel-rail effects can be coped with.
When the wave mill form or the vehicle running speed changes, the product in the prior art loses the vibration absorption effect and even plays a role in amplification, and redesign, production and replacement are needed. Each component of the product is of an assembled and detachable structure, and the product can quickly adjust the resonant frequency of the steel rail damping vibration absorber by opening the end cover and replacing the elastic body according to the relation between the corrugation form and the driving speed, so that the response is quickly made, the material waste can be reduced to the maximum extent, the redesign and production links are reduced, and the change can be responded at the fastest speed. The elastic body and the mass block are both positioned in the shell, so that the two main elements are prevented from being affected by severe environment, and the service life of the two main elements is not affected.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.