CN112792121B - Mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology - Google Patents
Mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology, which comprises the following steps: s1: leveling the surface of a mine body, and drilling ecological holes downwards at intervals; s2: laying an improved matrix in the ecological hole and on the upper surface of the mine to form a matrix layer, wherein the improved matrix contains a mycorrhiza preparation; s3: seeds of gramineous plants and/or herbaceous plants and/or shrub plants are sown on the surface layer of the improved matrix, deep-rooted woody plants are planted in the ecological hole positions, a protective layer is laid, and an anchoring assembly is arranged between the protective layer and the mine surface. The method has the effect of improving the overall soil restoration and ecological restoration speed of the mine.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of mine restoration, in particular to a mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology.
Background
In China, more lean ores and less rich ores exist in metal ores, more polymetallic ores and less single ore species exist, the metal grade is extremely low, the mineral stripping ratio is high, and a large amount of solid waste is generated. Most of the surface layer of the mine is broken stone and slag soil, the structure is loose, the stability is poor, soil and water are difficult to store, plants are difficult to grow, the ecological environment is difficult to recover naturally, and toxic substances in a waste yard easily enter rivers and underground water along with rainfall due to weathering and rainfall leaching, so that large-range environmental pollution and ecological deterioration are caused.
The vegetation restoration can effectively prevent rainfall leaching and natural weathering of solid wastes, so that how to quickly restore the vegetation becomes an important way for scientifically solving the ecological environment problem of the metal waste storage yard. In the related art, mycorrhiza, which refers to a symbiont of some fungi in soil and plant roots, has been used for mine restoration. The mycorrhiza has the main functions of expanding the absorption surface of the root system and increasing the absorption capacity of elements (particularly phosphorus) outside the absorption range of the original root hairs. The mycorrhizal fungi mycelium not only expands to soil around roots, but also is communicated with host plant tissues, on one hand, organic substances such as saccharides and the like are absorbed from the host plant to serve as own nutrition, and on the other hand, nutrients and water are absorbed from the soil to be supplied to the plant.
Mycorrhiza can obviously reduce the thickness of the covering soil on the tailing sand, reduce the cost and enhance the planting survival and growth of different plants on the covering soil tailing sand, but the soil quality recovery and ecological recovery of the whole mine are still slower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the soil restoration and ecological restoration speed of the whole mine, the application provides a mine ecological restoration method applying a mycorrhiza technology.
The mine ecological restoration method applying the mycorrhiza technology adopts the following technical scheme:
a mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology comprises the following steps:
s1: leveling the surface of a mine body, and drilling ecological holes downwards at intervals;
s2: laying an improved matrix in the ecological holes and on the upper surface of the ore to form a matrix layer, wherein the improved matrix contains a mycorrhiza preparation;
s3: seeds of gramineous plants and/or herbaceous plants and/or shrub plants are sown on the surface layer of the improved matrix, deep-rooted woody plants are planted in the ecological hole positions, a protective layer is laid, and an anchoring assembly is arranged between the protective layer and the mine surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the matrix layer provides basic plant growth conditions, then in the plant growth process, mine soil and ecological conditions are gradually improved, deep root woody plants of ecological holes and herbaceous and/or shrub plants on the surface layer of the mine can simultaneously restore soil at different depths on the mine, and mycorrhizal preparations in the improved matrix enable the plants to quickly adapt to the environment and grow well, so that the overall soil quality recovery and ecological recovery speed of the mine are improved.
Optionally, the improved matrix comprises the following components, by weight, 12-18 parts of edible fungus chaff, 15-20 parts of humus, 630 parts of soil 585-32 parts of feather adsorbent, 25-32 parts of sludge and 0.7-1.5 parts of mycorrhiza preparation; the humus is one or more of peat, lignite and weathered coal; the mycorrhiza preparation is prepared by the following steps: propagating mycorrhizal fungi with radix Trifolii seed as host, propagating with river sand as propagation medium, cleaning infected radix Trifolii with water, cutting to length of 0.2-1cm, and air drying.
By adopting the technical scheme, the edible fungus chaff is a culture material after the edible fungus is produced, so that the edible fungus chaff not only contains a large amount of edible fungus mycelia, but also has good adsorption effect on heavy metal elements because the main raw materials of the culture material are wood chips, cottonseed hulls, rice hulls and other biomass, the edible fungus mycelia also have strong adsorption effect on the metal elements, and in the growth process of the edible fungus, the edible fungus mycelia and the culture material form a loose net-shaped structure, so that the effective adsorption area of the edible fungus chaff is large; the edible fungus bran contains crude fiber, lignin, crude protein and the like, has a large number of structures such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and the like, contains abundant sulfur protein and other substances which are important binding sites of metal elements, so that the edible fungus bran has better adsorbability on the metal elements; the humus molecules have a plurality of active groups in various directions, such as benzene hydroxyl, phenol hydroxyl and the like, and the groups are combined into a network by hydrogen bonds, so that the surfaces of the molecules have a plurality of holes, and a good adsorption surface is provided, so that the humus is a good adsorption carrier, and has a chelation effect, and the humus can have a strong adsorption effect on heavy metals; the humus is rich in a large amount of organic matters, so that the soil fertility is improved, and good environment and nutrients are provided for the rapid growth of plants in the later period; the feather adsorbent is prepared from feathers, and the feathers contain complicated and stable reticular insoluble protein with large surface area and have good adsorption effect on metal ions; the sludge is beneficial to the formation of a soil aggregate structure, the contents of phosphorus, potassium (total amount and useful state) and organic matters in soil can be remarkably improved, mycorrhiza in a mycorrhizal preparation is symbiotic with plants, and the plants can be promoted to absorb and utilize necessary nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in mine soil with relatively lack of nutrient elements, so that the growth condition of the plants is improved.
Optionally, the feather adsorbent comprises 1: (0.2-0.4) the alkali-treated adsorbent and the chelate adsorbent, which is obtained by the steps of:
a1: pulverizing feather into 0.1-0.6mm particle size with liquid nitrogen lyophilized powder;
a2: soaking the crushed feather in 0.1-0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1.5-3h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain an alkali treatment adsorbent;
a2: adding the crushed feather and ethylenediamine into a 5-7wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirring for 5-10min, adding epichlorohydrin, wherein the mass ratio of the feather to the ethylenediamine is 1: (0.45-0.60), the volume ratio of the ethylenediamine to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the epichlorohydrin is 1: (17-23): (2-3), filtering, washing and drying to obtain the chelate adsorbent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feather is treated by the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, so that the wax on the surface of the feather is removed, part of keratin is hydrolyzed by the sodium hydroxide and dissolved in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the obtained alkali treatment adsorbent still physically adsorbs metal elements, but the adsorption force of the alkali treatment adsorbent is enhanced; epichlorohydrin can generate cross-linking reaction with hydroxyl, amido and the like under alkaline conditions, and ethylenediamine is a bifunctional substance and has chelation, so in the step A2, wax on the surface of the feather is removed to a certain extent, and meanwhile, epichlorohydrin connects ethylenediamine to the feather under alkaline conditions to obtain a chelating adsorbent which can generate chelating action with metal elements and mainly chemically adsorb the metal elements; the alkali treatment adsorbent and the chelating adsorbent are compounded, so that the adsorption effect on metal elements is stronger and comprehensive.
Optionally, the depth of the ecological hole is 4-10m, and the thickness of the matrix layer is 5-15 cm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, under this ecological hole degree of depth, make the deep root trees can adapt to the environment in the ecological hole to slowly resume the mine soil property from the environment of certain degree of depth, including this certain thickness's top layer improvement matrix, the top layer and the relatively deep synchronous quick restoration of mine.
Optionally, the deep-rooted woody plant planted at the ecological pore position is one or more of willow, pine and birch.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the symbiotic relation between this kind of trees itself and the mycorrhiza is better, and it can grow for the root in depth, and relative growth is very fast in addition, can carry out better restoration to the soil of the certain degree of depth in mine, is favorable to the quick restoration of mine soil and ecology.
Optionally, the anchoring assembly comprises a geogrid and an anchoring rod, the geogrid is embedded in the protective layer, a connecting portion is fixedly connected to the geogrid, and the anchoring rod penetrates through the connecting portion and is inserted into the surface of the mine.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the geogrid is together fixed with the mine body to the anchor pole, and the geogrid plays the fixed action to the protective layer for what the fixed bed can be stable plays the guard action to the matrix layer, has guaranteed the stability on mine body top layer.
Optionally, the anchor pole includes the outer pole, the conical head, interior pole, the stock, the protruding edge of top fixedly connected with of the circumference face of outer pole, protruding edge is located connecting portion top, interior pole insert locate the outer pole in and with outer pole along the axis direction sliding connection of outer pole, the conical head be located the one end of outer pole and with interior pole fixed connection, the biggest external diameter of conical head is the same with the outer pole, the conical head is sharp-pointed form along the direction of keeping away from the outer pole gradually, the stock articulates in the conical head inside, the axis of the articulated axis perpendicular to outer pole of stock, be connected with the spring between stock and the interior pole, the length of stock is greater than the radius of outer pole, the top threaded connection of interior pole has fixation nut.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the anchoring rod is not inserted into the surface of the mine, the anchor rod is positioned in the anchor rod, the conical head is abutted against the end part of the outer rod, the surface transition of the conical head and the surface of the outer rod is smooth, and the anchoring rod can be smoothly driven into the mine; thereafter, continue to promote interior pole downwards, interior pole drives stock and conical head and moves down together, the top of up to the stock is less than the bottom of outer pole, the stock is promoted by the spring, the top of stock is to the direction rotation of keeping away from interior pole, make the top of stock be located outer pole bottom, then upwards promote interior pole and rotate fixation nut, interior pole and conical head shift up, the stock is more and more close the level, it is tight with the stock clamp to reach conical head and outer pole, the tip of stock stretches out outside the circumferential surface of outer pole this moment, make the difficult rebound of anchor pole.
Optionally, the bottom of the outer rod is inclined away from the conical head in a direction away from the axis of the outer rod.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after interior pole lapse, the stock is promoted by the spring, and interior pole rotation is kept away from at the top of stock to stock and outer pole bottom butt, later upwards stimulate interior pole and rotate fixation nut, the stock can be by the better guide effect in the bottom of outer pole this moment, and is pressed from both sides tightly between cone and outer pole until the stock, makes the stock expand smoothly.
Optionally, the ecological hole is provided with a flow-proof cover, the flow-proof cover comprises a cylindrical portion and an open portion, the cylindrical portion is abutted to the inner wall of the ecological hole, the open portion is fixedly connected to the top of the cylindrical portion, the top of the open portion is not lower than the protective layer, the outer wall of the cylindrical portion is fixedly connected with a positioning ring, and the positioning ring is located between the surface of the mine and the substrate layer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of holding ring, make prevent flowing the cover and can not follow ecological hole downstream, further play the guide simultaneously to rainwater etc. and block the effect, when the rainwater removed the holding ring along the outer wall of cylindric portion, the level was kept away from promptly and is prevented flowing the cover and flow, make rainwater waiting water be difficult for flowing along the outer wall of cylindric portion always downstream, the rainwater is difficult for too much gathering ecological downthehole, thereby avoided the rainwater to gather in ecological hole, then carry metal ion infiltration to cause groundwater pollution.
Optionally, the inner wall of the top of the open portion is fixedly connected with a plurality of fan-shaped transition pieces, and the transition pieces are sequentially abutted and bonded to form a ring.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, with the sapling after finishing in preventing flowing the cover, bond in proper order between the transition piece, the transition piece plays certain effect that stops to rainwater etc. in, it is downthehole to avoid rainwater more entering into the ecology, when needs water, can water to the transition piece middle by artifical or watering shower nozzle etc. regularly, it is downthehole to do benefit to keep comparatively arid and promotes the root of a tree of deep root trees to grow downwards fast in the ecology, and along with the growing up of trees, bonding between the transition piece is propped open gradually, make it can not influence the growing up of trees.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. by adopting the restoration method, the plants can simultaneously restore the soil at different depths on the mine, and the mycorrhizal preparation in the matrix is improved to ensure that the plants quickly adapt to the environment and grow well, thereby improving the overall soil quality restoration and ecological restoration speed of the mine;
2. by arranging the improved matrix, the mobility and the biological effectiveness of the metal elements in the soil are reduced, the toxic action of the metal elements is reduced, the growth and the settlement of plants are facilitated, the nutrient supply of different levels is provided, and the survival and the growth of the plants in the mine soil are enhanced;
3. through setting up the anchor subassembly and preventing flowing the cover, body top layer on the ore deposit can be stabilized to matrix layer and protective layer, makes the plant grow up smoothly, and the ecological downthehole rainwater and irrigation water etc. of being difficult for gathering have avoided rainwater etc. to carry metal ion to ooze down and cause groundwater pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the flow shield;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall construction of the anchor assembly;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor rod.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a mine body; 11. an ecological hole; 2. a substrate layer; 21. a protective layer; 3. an anchor assembly; 31. a geogrid; 311. a connecting portion; 32. an anchoring rod; 321. an outer pole; 3211. a convex edge; 322. a conical head; 323. an inner rod; 3231. a spring; 3232. fixing a nut; 324. an anchor rod; 4. a flow-resistant cover; 41. a cylindrical portion; 411. a positioning ring; 42. an opening part; 421. a transition piece.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail in conjunction with the following.
Example 1
A mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology comprises the following steps:
s1: leveling the surface of a mine body, and drilling ecological holes downwards at intervals, wherein the depth of the ecological holes is 4 m;
s2: laying an improved substrate in the ecological holes and on the upper surface of the ore to form a substrate layer, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is 5cm, the improved substrate comprises the following components of 128kg of edible fungus chaff, 20kg of humus, 585kg of soil, 12kg of feather adsorbent, 25kg of sludge, 1.5kg of mycorrhizal preparation and peat;
wherein, the feather adsorbent comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.2 of an alkali-treated adsorbent and a chelate adsorbent, which are obtained by the steps of,
a1: pulverizing feather into 0.1-0.6mm particle size with liquid nitrogen lyophilized powder;
a2: soaking the crushed feathers in 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1.5h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain an alkali treatment adsorbent;
a2: adding the crushed feather and ethylenediamine into a 5wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirring for 5-10min, adding epichlorohydrin, wherein the mass ratio of the feather to the ethylenediamine is 1: 0.45, wherein the volume ratio of the ethylenediamine to the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to the epichlorohydrin is 1: 17: 3, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a chelating adsorbent;
s3: sowing elymus dahuricus seeds on the surface layer of the improved matrix, planting deep-rooted woody plants at the positions of the ecological holes, laying a protective layer, and arranging an anchoring component between the protective layer and the mine surface.
Propagating mycorrhizal fungi with radix Trifolii seed as host, propagating with river sand as propagation medium, cleaning infected radix Trifolii with water, cutting to 0.2-1cm long, and air drying to obtain mycorrhizal preparation.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the anchoring assembly 3 includes a geogrid 31 and an anchoring rod 32, the geogrid 31 is embedded in the protective layer 21, a connecting portion 311 is fixedly connected to the geogrid 31, the connecting portion 311 is cylindrical, and the anchoring rod 32 is inserted into the mine body 1 through the connecting portion 311. The anchor rods 32 anchor the geogrid 31 to the mine body 1, improving the stability of the protective layer 21 and the matrix layer 2.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the anchor rod 32 includes an outer rod 321, a conical head 322, an inner rod 323, and an anchor rod 324, a convex edge 3211 is fixedly connected to a top of a circumferential surface of the outer rod 321, a lower surface of the convex edge 3211 abuts against a top of the connecting portion 311, the inner rod 323 is inserted into the outer rod 321 and slidably connected to the outer rod 321 along an axial direction of the outer rod 321, the conical head 322 is located at one end of the outer rod 321 and fixedly connected to the inner rod 323, a largest outer diameter of the conical head 322 is the same as that of the outer rod 321, the conical head 322 is gradually pointed along a direction away from the outer rod 321, the anchor rod 324 is hinged inside the conical head 322, a hinge axis of the anchor rod 324 is perpendicular to the axial line of the outer rod 321, a spring 3231 is connected between the anchor rod 324 and the inner rod 323, a length of the anchor rod 324 is greater than a radius of the outer rod 321, and a top of the inner rod 323 is threadedly connected to a fixing nut 3232. The bottom of the outer rod 321 slopes away from the conical head 322 in a direction away from its axis.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the flow-preventing cover 4 is arranged at the ecological hole 11, the flow-preventing cover 4 comprises a cylindrical portion 41 and an open portion 42, the cylindrical portion 41 abuts against the inner wall of the ecological hole 11, the open portion 42 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylindrical portion 41, the top of the open portion 42 is not lower than the protective layer 21, the outer wall of the cylindrical portion 41 is fixedly connected with a positioning ring 411, and the positioning ring 411 is located between the mine surface and the substrate layer 2. A plurality of fan-shaped transition pieces 421 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the opening portion 42, and the transition pieces 421 are sequentially abutted and bonded to form a ring shape. When raining or watering, transition piece 421 play certain effect of blockking, and it is very many that water is difficult for direct entering ecological hole 11 from uncovered portion 42 top, simultaneously, water is along the downward one section back of the outer wall of cylindric portion 41, is kept away from cylindric portion 41 flow by the guide of position collar 411 for difficult more water that gathers in the ecological hole 11, avoided too much water to carry metal ion and oozed down and cause groundwater pollution.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
a mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology comprises the following steps:
s1: leveling the surface of a mine body, and drilling ecological holes downwards at intervals, wherein the depth of the ecological holes is 4-10 m;
s2: laying improved substrates in the ecological holes and on the surface of a mine to form a substrate layer, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is 5-15cm, the improved substrates comprise the following components, 12-18kg of edible fungus chaff, 15-20kg of humus, 630kg of soil 585-;
wherein, the feather adsorbent comprises the components in a weight ratio of 1: (0.2-0.4) an alkali-treated adsorbent and a chelate adsorbent, which are obtained by the steps of,
a1: pulverizing feather into 0.1-0.6mm particle size with liquid nitrogen lyophilized powder;
a2: soaking the crushed feather in 0.1-0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1.5-3h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain an alkali treatment adsorbent;
a2: adding the crushed feather and ethylenediamine into a 5-7wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirring for 5-10min, adding epichlorohydrin, wherein the mass ratio of the feather to the ethylenediamine is 1: 0.60, wherein the volume ratio of the ethylenediamine to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the epichlorohydrin is 1: 23: and 2, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the chelating adsorbent.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that:
a mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology comprises the following steps:
s1: leveling the surface of a mine body, and drilling ecological holes downwards at intervals, wherein the depth of the ecological holes is 10 m;
s2: laying an improved substrate in the ecological holes and on the upper surface of the mine to form a substrate layer, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is 15cm, the improved substrate comprises the following components, 18kg of edible fungus chaff, 15kg of humus, 630kg of soil, 8kg of feather adsorbent, 32kg of sludge, 0.7kg of mycorrhiza preparation, and the mass ratio of the humus to the ground is 1:1 peat, lignite, weathered coal;
wherein, the feather adsorbent comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: (0.2-0.4) an alkali-treated adsorbent and a chelate adsorbent, which are obtained by the steps of,
a1: pulverizing feather into 0.1-0.6mm particle size with liquid nitrogen lyophilized powder;
a2: soaking the crushed feather in 0.1-0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1.5-3h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain an alkali treatment adsorbent;
a2: adding the crushed feather and ethylenediamine into a 5-7wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirring for 5-10min, adding epichlorohydrin, wherein the mass ratio of the feather to the ethylenediamine is 1: (0.45-0.60), the volume ratio of the ethylenediamine to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the epichlorohydrin is 1: (17-23): (2-3), filtering, washing and drying to obtain the chelate adsorbent.
Comparative example 1
A method for restoring vegetation ecology is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) covering 5cm of iron tailing sand with soil, inoculating an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent at the position of 3 cm of the soil, wherein the inoculation proportion is that 35 g of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent is added into every 1000 g of soil and the iron tailing sand; (2) planting pasture plants with a planting density of 5 lines per square meter and 65 plants per line; planting grain crops and bean crops, wherein the planting density is 4 rows per square meter, and 5 plants are planted in each row; (3) normal field management such as watering, fertilizing and the like is carried out; (4) after the pasture, grain and bean crops are grown for 80 days, the plant bodies are harvested, and after the plants are dried in the sun, relevant indexes are measured, such as the plants can be used as feed according with feed sanitation standards, and concentrated burning and landfill treatment can be carried out if the plants do not meet the transferring requirements.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that: the feather adsorbent is a chelating adsorbent.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that: no ecological holes are arranged and pine trees are not planted.
Performance detection
Test areas with the same area are divided on the surface of the same mine, and the test areas in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 correspond to one test area and are repaired according to the corresponding repairing method, and meanwhile, a blank test area is arranged and is not processed.
Counting the survival conditions of the elymus dahuricus of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 60 days after sowing; statistics were made on the survival of the pines of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 at the same time in the third year, the survival being expressed as survival = survival count/number of sown seeds × 100%;
before restoration and during the whole second year after restoration, the contents of zinc, iron, chromium and lead in the soil in the examples 1-3, the comparative examples 1-3 and the blank experimental area are detected, the specific detection is carried out according to the soil environmental quality agricultural soil pollution risk control standard (trial) (GB 15618-2018), the concentration reduction rate is calculated and recorded, and the concentration reduction rate = (concentration before restoration-concentration in the second year)/concentration before restoration = 100%;
the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant survival rate and the reduction rate of the contents of zinc, iron, chromium and lead of the test areas corresponding to examples 1-3 are higher than those of comparative example 1, and it is understood that the restoration method of the present application is superior.
In examples 1 to 3, the plant survival rate and the reduction rate of the zinc, iron, chromium and lead contents are higher in the test area corresponding to example 2, and the relevant parameters of the repairing method of example 2 are more excellent.
In example 2 and comparative examples 2-3, the plant survival rate and the reduction rate of zinc, iron, chromium and lead contents of the test area corresponding to example 2 are higher, which shows that the arrangement of the feather adsorbent and the arrangement of the ecological pores in the application are both beneficial to the improvement of the ecological restoration rate.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: leveling the surface of the mine body (1), and drilling ecological holes (11) downwards at intervals;
s2: laying improved matrix in the ecological holes (11) and on the surface of the mine to form a matrix layer (2),
the improved substrate comprises the following components, by weight, 12-18 parts of edible fungus chaff, 15-20 parts of humus, 630 parts of soil 585-containing materials, 8-12 parts of a feather adsorbent, 25-32 parts of sludge and 0.7-1.5 parts of a mycorrhiza preparation;
the feather adsorbent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: (0.2-0.4) an alkali-treated adsorbent and a chelate adsorbent, which are obtained by the steps of,
a1: pulverizing feather into 0.1-0.6mm particle size with liquid nitrogen lyophilized powder;
a2: soaking the crushed feather in 0.1-0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 1.5-3h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain an alkali treatment adsorbent;
a2: adding the crushed feather and ethylenediamine into 5-7wt% of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, stirring for 5-10min, adding epichlorohydrin, wherein the mass ratio of the feather to the ethylenediamine is 1: (0.45-0.60), the volume ratio of the ethylenediamine to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the epichlorohydrin is 1: (17-23): (2-3), filtering, washing and drying to obtain a chelating adsorbent;
s3: sowing gramineous and/or herbaceous and/or shrub plant seeds on the surface layer of the improved substrate, planting deep-rooted woody plants at the positions of the ecological holes (11), laying a protective layer (21), and arranging an anchoring component (3) between the protective layer (21) and the mine surface;
the anchoring component (3) comprises a geogrid (31) and an anchoring rod (32), the geogrid (31) is embedded in the protective layer (21), a connecting part (311) is fixedly connected to the geogrid (31), and the anchoring rod (32) penetrates through the connecting part (311) and is inserted into the mine body (1);
the anchor rod (32) comprises an outer rod (321), a conical head (322), an inner rod (323), an anchor rod (324), the inner rod (323) is inserted into the outer rod (321) and is in sliding connection with the outer rod (321) along the axis direction of the outer rod (321), the conical head (322) is located at one end of the outer rod (321) and is fixedly connected with the inner rod (323), the largest outer diameter of the conical head (322) is identical to that of the outer rod (321), the conical head (322) is gradually sharp along the direction far away from the outer rod (321), the anchor rod (324) is hinged inside the conical head (322), the hinged axis of the anchor rod (324) is perpendicular to the axis of the outer rod (321), a spring (3231) is connected between the anchor rod (324) and the inner rod (323), the length of the anchor rod (324) is larger than the radius of the outer rod (321), and the top of the inner rod (323) is in threaded connection with a fixing nut (3232).
2. The mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the ecological holes (11) is 4-10m, and the thickness of the matrix layer (2) is 5-15 cm.
3. The mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the deep-root woody plant planted in the ecological hole (11) is one or more of willow, pine and birch.
4. The mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the outer rod (321) is gradually inclined away from the conical head (322) along the direction away from the axis of the outer rod.
5. The mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: ecological hole (11) position is provided with prevents flowing cover (4), prevents flowing cover (4) and includes drum portion (41) and open mouth portion (42), and drum portion (41) and ecological hole (11) inner wall butt open mouth portion (42) fixed connection in the top of drum portion (41), and the top of open mouth portion (42) is not less than protective layer (21), and drum portion (41) outer wall fixed connection has holding ring (411), and holding ring (411) are located between mine surface and matrix layer (2).
6. The mine ecological restoration method applying mycorrhiza technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: the inner wall of the top of the open part (42) is fixedly connected with a plurality of fan-shaped transition pieces (421), and the transition pieces (421) are sequentially abutted and bonded to form a ring.
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