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CN112792091A - A harmless treatment system and treatment method for waste fly ash resource utilization - Google Patents

A harmless treatment system and treatment method for waste fly ash resource utilization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112792091A
CN112792091A CN202011477106.2A CN202011477106A CN112792091A CN 112792091 A CN112792091 A CN 112792091A CN 202011477106 A CN202011477106 A CN 202011477106A CN 112792091 A CN112792091 A CN 112792091A
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flue gas
feeding belt
belt conveyor
melting furnace
fly ash
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牛艳青
王亨通
温丽萍
惠世恩
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/30Incineration ashes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统及处理方法,包括依次连接的混料设备、上料皮带机、成型设备、预热炉、新型热熔融炉、余热锅炉电力闭环系统、烟气处理系统;所述上料皮带机包括上料皮带机一和上料皮带机二所述混料设备中原料按一定比例混合均匀,经上料皮带机一输送至成型设备固化成型,成型原料经上料皮带机二连续送至低温预热炉升温预热后落入新型热熔融炉;新型热熔融炉内产生烟气由所述预热炉顶端出口经余热锅炉电力闭环系统通入烟气处理系统。本发明能够在有效分解二噁英的同时回收重金属,极大程度上减少环境污染,且实现资源二次利用,符合节能环保的政策要求,具有工艺简单、反应效率高、环保可靠、生产成本低的特点。

Figure 202011477106

A harmless treatment system and treatment method for waste fly ash resource utilization, comprising mixing equipment, feeding belt conveyor, molding equipment, preheating furnace, new type hot melting furnace, waste heat boiler electric closed-loop system, flue gas connected in sequence Processing system; the feeding belt conveyor includes a feeding belt conveyor 1 and a feeding belt conveyor 2. The raw materials in the mixing equipment are mixed uniformly in a certain proportion, and the feeding belt conveyor 1 is conveyed to the molding equipment for curing and molding, and the molding raw materials are The second feeding belt conveyor is continuously sent to the low-temperature preheating furnace for heating and preheating, and then falls into the new type of hot-melting furnace; the flue gas generated in the new-type hot-melting furnace is introduced into the flue gas treatment from the outlet at the top of the preheating furnace through the power closed-loop system of the waste heat boiler system. The method can effectively decompose dioxins while recovering heavy metals, greatly reduce environmental pollution, realize secondary utilization of resources, meet the policy requirements of energy saving and environmental protection, and has the advantages of simple process, high reaction efficiency, environmental protection and reliability, and low production cost. specialty.

Figure 202011477106

Description

Harmless treatment system and method for resource utilization of garbage fly ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration fly ash treatment, in particular to a harmless treatment system and a harmless treatment method for resource utilization of waste fly ash.
Background
The yield of household garbage increases year by year, and at present, the garbage is generally treated by incineration. The fly ash is the inevitable product of waste incineration, and accounts for about 3-5% of the amount of the incinerated waste. The fly ash generated by burning the garbage causes serious environmental pollution, and harmful substances such as dioxin, heavy metals and the like contained in the fly ash can also harm animals, plants and human health, so that the fly ash generated by burning the garbage needs to be treated again.
The current treatment methods for waste incineration fly ash mainly include three methods:
chemical agent stabilizing technology, namely chemical agents and heavy metals are used for carrying out chemical reaction so as to convert heavy metal elements into a form with inactive chemical properties, but the generated complex has high leaching concentration when the garbage fly ash is treated by the method, and cannot meet the requirement of environmental protection;
the cement solidification technology is used for solidifying heavy metals, and the heavy metals form stable compounds on the surfaces of hydrated silicate colloids of cement through chemical reaction, but the method for treating the garbage fly ash can increase the capacity of the fly ash, further increase the landfill volume and increase the landfill cost;
the melting and solidifying technology is that the waste incineration fly ash and the vitreous powder are mixed and melted at the high temperature of 1000-1600 ℃, but the waste incineration fly ash treated by the method has high energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a harmless treatment system and a treatment method for resource utilization of garbage fly ash, the system can effectively decompose dioxin and recycle heavy metals, greatly reduces environmental pollution, realizes secondary utilization of resources, meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, and has the characteristics of simple process, high reaction efficiency, environmental protection, reliability and low production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a harmless treatment system for resource utilization of garbage fly ash comprises a mixing device 1, a feeding belt conveyor 2, a forming device 3, a preheating furnace 4, a novel hot melting furnace 9, a waste heat boiler electric closed loop system 11 and a flue gas treatment system 14 which are connected in sequence; the feeding belt machine 2 comprises a feeding belt machine I2 a and a feeding belt machine II 2b, raw materials in the mixing device 1 are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, the raw materials are conveyed to a forming device 3 through the feeding belt machine I2 a to be solidified and formed, and the forming raw materials are continuously conveyed to a low-temperature preheating furnace 4 through the feeding belt machine II 2b to be heated and preheated and then fall into a novel hot melting furnace 9; the flue gas generated in the novel hot melting furnace 9 is introduced into a flue gas treatment system 14 from the top outlet of the preheating furnace 4 through a waste heat boiler electric closed loop system 11.
Including exhaust-heat boiler 13 among the exhaust-heat boiler electric closed loop system 11, exhaust-heat boiler 13 utilizes the waste heat power generation in the flue gas, and exhaust-heat boiler 13 links to each other with system oxygen station 12, system oxygen station 12 export provides oxygen for the chemical physics reaction in novel hot melting furnace 9 through pipe connection pure oxygen nozzle 7 and burn out wind spout 6.
The preheating furnace 4 is provided with a labyrinth arrangement baffle 5.
The novel hot melting furnace 9 is provided with a pure oxygen nozzle 7, the pure oxygen nozzle 7 sprays pure oxygen to react with the mixture in the high-temperature melting pool at the bottom of the novel hot melting furnace 9, the heavy metal is reduced to form a metal simple substance in the dioxin decomposition and flying ash, and the bottom of the novel hot melting furnace 9 is provided with a slag outlet 8 and a metal outlet 10.
The flue gas treatment system 14 comprises a heavy metal catcher 15, a dust remover 16, a desulphurization device 17 and an induced draft fan 18 which are arranged in sequence.
A harmless treatment method for resource utilization of garbage fly ash comprises the following steps;
firstly, raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion through a mixing device 1, the raw materials are conveyed to a forming device 3 through a feeding belt conveyor I2 a for curing and forming, and the forming raw materials are continuously conveyed to a low-temperature preheating furnace 4 through a feeding belt conveyor II 2 b; the forming raw material is directly sent into a novel hot melting furnace 9 after being preliminarily heated in a preheating furnace 4; pure oxygen is sprayed into the novel hot melting furnace 9 through the pure oxygen nozzle 6 and reacts with a reducing agent in a high-temperature melting tank at the bottom of the novel hot melting furnace 9, clean combustion of reducing atmosphere is realized, dioxin is decomposed at high temperature, harmless products generated by decomposition enter slag liquid, a small amount of heavy metal is reduced, fly ash slag and reduced heavy metal are respectively recovered through a slag outlet 8 and a metal outlet 10, and resource utilization can be realized after cooling; the high-temperature flue gas rich in the volatile heavy metals firstly enters a waste heat boiler 13 for power generation, wherein part of the power is supplied to an oxygen generation station 12 for oxygen generation, and the outlet of the oxygen generation station 12 is connected with a pure oxygen nozzle 6 through a pipeline; the flue gas then loops through heavy metal catcher 15, dust remover 16, desulphurization unit 17, draught fan 18 to the heavy metal particulate matter in the entrapment flue gas realizes high-efficient flue gas purification treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a harmless treatment system for resource utilization of garbage fly ash, wherein a reusable product can be formed mainly through two steps of material treatment preheating-reduction melting in a preheating furnace and a novel hot melting furnace, so that the system has a simple structure and high production efficiency;
the waste heat boiler is used for generating electricity and generating oxygen in the waste heat boiler electric closed loop system, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the fly ash treatment and operation cost is reduced;
in the reaction process, the forming raw material is preliminarily heated in the low-temperature preheating furnace, so that the energy consumption of the novel hot melting furnace is reduced, the aim of saving energy is fulfilled, and the production cost is effectively reduced;
in the reaction process, the garbage fly ash is treated and then undergoes a series of complex and violent chemical and physical reactions in a novel hot melting furnace, so that dioxin is thoroughly decomposed, and simultaneously reduction, separation, melting and solidification of heavy metals are realized, the environmental pollution is greatly reduced, the secondary utilization of resources is realized, and the requirements of energy-saving and environment-friendly policies are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a harmless treatment system for recycling waste fly ash according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is mixing equipment; 2a is a feeding belt machine; 2b is a feeding belt machine; 3, forming equipment; 4, a preheating furnace; 5 is a baffle plate; 6 is an over-fire air nozzle; 7 is a pure oxygen nozzle; 8 is a slag outlet; 9 is a novel hot melting furnace; 10 is a metal outlet; 11 is an electric closed-loop system of the waste heat boiler; 12 is an oxygen generation station; 13 is a waste heat boiler; 14 is a flue gas treatment system; 15 is a heavy metal catcher; 16 is a dust remover; 17 is a desulfurizing device; 18 is a draught fan.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises a mixing device 1, a feeding belt conveyor I2 a, a feeding belt conveyor II 2b, a forming device 3, a preheating furnace 4, a novel hot melting furnace 9, a waste heat boiler electric closed loop system 11 and a flue gas processing system 14. The outlet of the mixing device 1 is connected to the inlet of the forming device 3 through a feeding belt conveyor I2 a, the outlet of the forming device 3 is connected to the inlet of the preheating furnace 4 through a feeding belt conveyor II 2b, and after the formed raw materials are preliminarily heated up in the preheating furnace 4 to reduce energy consumption, the raw materials are directly fed into the novel hot melting furnace 9 to be subjected to melting treatment.
The raw materials formed by the forming device 3 are preliminarily preheated in the preheating furnace 4 and then sent into the novel hot melting furnace 9 for melting treatment so as to reduce the energy consumption of the melting furnace.
Pure oxygen is sprayed into the novel hot melting furnace 9 through a pure oxygen nozzle 6 and reacts with a reducing agent in a high-temperature melting tank at the bottom of the novel hot melting furnace to form a reducing atmosphere, and dioxin is decomposed and separated at the high temperature of 1000-1100 ℃ to form a few chloride ions and added calcium chloride synthesized by oxidative calcification to enter slag liquid; a small amount of oxides of manganese, copper, chromium and the like are reduced into elemental metals.
The fly ash slag and the reduced heavy metal are respectively recovered through a slag outlet 8 and a metal outlet 10, and can be recycled after being cooled.
High temperature flue gas gets into exhaust-heat boiler electric power closed loop system 11 through 4 top exports in preheater, uses exhaust-heat boiler 13 to utilize the waste heat power generation in the flue gas among the exhaust-heat boiler electric power closed loop system 11, and wherein partial power supplies to system oxygen station 12 and carries out oxygen manufacturing, and system oxygen station 12 export provides oxygen for the chemical physics reaction in novel hot melting furnace 9 through pipe connection pure oxygen nozzle 6.
The flue gas gets into flue gas processing system 14 afterwards, retrieves heavy metal zinc etc. through heavy metal catcher 15, further traps the fine particle thing through dust remover 16, carries out the desulfurization through desulphurization unit 17, realizes the full particle diameter entrapment of heavy metal particle thing in the flue gas, and the high-efficient seizure and the gas cleaning of heavy metal particle thing are handled in the flue gas.
The baffle 5 arranged in a labyrinth way is arranged in the preheating furnace 4, so that the retention time of the formed raw materials in the furnace is effectively increased, and the preheating effect is enhanced.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion through a mixing device 1, the raw materials are conveyed to a forming device 3 through a feeding belt conveyor I2 a for curing and forming, and the forming raw materials are continuously conveyed to a low-temperature preheating furnace 4 through a feeding belt conveyor II 2 b; the forming raw material is directly sent into a novel hot melting furnace 9 after being preliminarily heated in a preheating furnace 4; pure oxygen is sprayed into the novel hot melting furnace 9 through the pure oxygen nozzle 6 and reacts with a reducing agent in a high-temperature melting tank at the bottom of the novel hot melting furnace 9, clean combustion of reducing atmosphere is realized, dioxin is decomposed at high temperature, harmless products generated by decomposition enter slag liquid, a small amount of heavy metal is reduced, fly ash slag and reduced heavy metal are respectively recovered through a slag outlet 8 and a metal outlet 10, and resource utilization can be realized after cooling; the high-temperature flue gas rich in the volatile heavy metals firstly enters a waste heat boiler 13 for power generation, wherein part of the power is supplied to an oxygen generation station 12 for oxygen generation, and the outlet of the oxygen generation station 12 is connected with a pure oxygen nozzle 6 through a pipeline; the flue gas then loops through heavy metal catcher 15, dust remover 16, desulphurization unit 17, draught fan 18 to the heavy metal particulate matter in the entrapment flue gas realizes high-efficient flue gas purification treatment.
The above contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea of the present invention, such as changing the atmosphere to air instead of oxygen, etc., fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统,其特征在于,包括依次连接的混料设备(1)、上料皮带机(2)、成型设备(3)、预热炉(4)、新型热熔融炉(9)、余热锅炉电力闭环系统(11)、烟气处理系统(14);所述上料皮带机(2)包括上料皮带机一(2a)和上料皮带机二(2b)所述混料设备(1)中原料按一定比例混合均匀,经上料皮带机一(2a)输送至成型设备(3)固化成型,成型原料经上料皮带机二(2b)连续送至低温预热炉(4)升温预热后落入新型热熔融炉(9);新型热熔融炉(9)内产生烟气由所述预热炉(4)顶端出口经余热锅炉电力闭环系统(11)通入烟气处理系统(14)。1. A harmless treatment system for waste fly ash recycling, characterized in that it comprises a mixing device (1), a feeding belt conveyor (2), a molding device (3), a preheating furnace (4) connected in sequence ), a new type of thermal melting furnace (9), a waste heat boiler power closed-loop system (11), and a flue gas treatment system (14); the feeding belt conveyor (2) includes a feeding belt conveyor one (2a) and a feeding belt conveyor Two (2b) The raw materials in the mixing equipment (1) are mixed uniformly according to a certain proportion, and are transported to the molding equipment (3) through the feeding belt conveyor 1 (2a) to be cured and formed, and the molding raw materials are passed through the feeding belt conveyor 2 (2b) The gas is continuously sent to the low-temperature preheating furnace (4) for heating and preheating, and then falls into the new hot melting furnace (9); the flue gas generated in the new hot melting furnace (9) is passed from the top outlet of the preheating furnace (4) through the waste heat boiler to generate electricity The closed loop system (11) is connected to the flue gas treatment system (14). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统,其特征在于,所述余热锅炉电力闭环系统(11)中包括余热锅炉(13),所述余热锅炉(13)利用烟气中的余热发电,余热锅炉(13)与制氧站(12)相连,所述制氧站(12)出口通过管道连接纯氧喷嘴(7)与燃尽风喷口(6)为新型热熔融炉(9)中的化学物理反应提供氧气。2. A harmless treatment system for waste fly ash resource utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste heat boiler power closed-loop system (11) comprises a waste heat boiler (13), and the waste heat boiler ( 13) Utilize the waste heat in the flue gas to generate electricity, the waste heat boiler (13) is connected to the oxygen production station (12), and the outlet of the oxygen production station (12) is connected to the pure oxygen nozzle (7) and the exhaust air nozzle (6) through a pipeline Oxygen is provided for chemical physical reactions in the novel hot melting furnace (9). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统,其特征在于,所述预热炉(4)中设置了迷行布置挡板(5)。3 . The harmless treatment system for recycling and utilizing waste fly ash according to claim 1 , wherein a baffle plate ( 5 ) is arranged in the preheating furnace ( 4 ). 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统,其特征在于,所述新型热熔融炉(9)上设置有纯氧喷嘴(7),纯氧喷嘴(7)喷入纯氧与新型热熔融炉(9)底部的高温熔融池内混合物反应,二噁英分解、飞灰中重金属被还原形成金属单质,所述新型热熔融炉(9)底部设置有熔渣出口(8)和金属出口(10)。4. The harmless treatment system for recycling and utilizing garbage fly ash according to claim 1, characterized in that, a pure oxygen nozzle (7) is provided on the novel hot melting furnace (9), and a pure oxygen nozzle ( 7) Inject pure oxygen to react with the mixture in the high-temperature melting pool at the bottom of the novel hot-melting furnace (9), the dioxins are decomposed, and heavy metals in the fly ash are reduced to form metal elemental substances, and the bottom of the novel hot-melting furnace (9) is provided with a molten metal. Slag outlet (8) and metal outlet (10). 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统,其特征在于,所述烟气处理系统(14)中包括依次设置的重金属捕集器(15)、除尘器(16)、脱硫装置(17)、引风机(18)。5 . The harmless treatment system for recycling waste fly ash according to claim 1 , wherein the flue gas treatment system ( 14 ) comprises heavy metal traps ( 15 ), dust collectors ( 15 ) arranged in sequence, and dust collectors ( 15 ). device (16), desulfurization device (17), and induced draft fan (18). 6.基于权利要求1所述的一种垃圾飞灰资源化利用无害化处理系统的处理方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;6. The processing method of a waste fly ash recycling and harmless processing system based on claim 1, characterized in that, comprising the following steps; 首先原料通过混料设备(1)按一定比例混合均匀,经上料皮带机一(2a)输送至成型设备(3)固化成型,成型原料经上料皮带机二(2b)连续送至低温预热炉(4);成型原料在预热炉(4)中初步升温后被直接送入新型热熔融炉(9)中;新型热熔融炉(9)中通过纯氧喷嘴(6)喷入纯氧,与新型热熔融炉(9)底部的高温熔融池内还原剂反应,实现还原性气氛清洁燃烧,二噁英在高温下分解,分解产生的无害化产物进入渣液,少量重金属被还原,飞灰熔渣和还原重金属分别通过熔渣出口(8)和金属出口(10)回收,冷却后可进行资源化利用;富含挥发重金属的高温烟气首先进入余热锅炉(13)进行发电,其中部分电量供给制氧站(12)进行氧气制造,制氧站(12)出口通过管道连接纯氧喷嘴(6);烟气随后依次通过重金属捕集器(15)、除尘器(16)、脱硫装置(17)、引风机(18),以捕集烟气中的重金属颗粒物,实现高效化烟气净化处理。First of all, the raw materials are mixed uniformly in a certain proportion through the mixing equipment (1), and then conveyed to the molding equipment (3) through the feeding belt conveyor 1 (2a) for curing and molding. Hot furnace (4); the molding raw material is initially heated in the preheating furnace (4) and then directly sent to the new hot melting furnace (9); pure oxygen is injected into the new hot melting furnace (9) through a pure oxygen nozzle (6). Oxygen reacts with the reducing agent in the high-temperature melting pool at the bottom of the new hot-melting furnace (9) to achieve clean combustion in a reducing atmosphere, dioxin is decomposed at high temperature, the decomposed harmless products enter the slag liquid, and a small amount of heavy metals are reduced, The fly ash slag and the reduced heavy metals are recovered through the slag outlet (8) and the metal outlet (10) respectively, and can be used for resource utilization after cooling; the high-temperature flue gas rich in volatile heavy metals first enters the waste heat boiler (13) for power generation, wherein Part of the electricity is supplied to the oxygen production station (12) for oxygen production, and the outlet of the oxygen production station (12) is connected to a pure oxygen nozzle (6) through a pipeline; the flue gas then passes through a heavy metal trap (15), a dust collector (16), and a desulfurization device in sequence. (17), an induced draft fan (18), to capture heavy metal particles in the flue gas and realize efficient flue gas purification treatment.
CN202011477106.2A 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 A harmless treatment system and treatment method for waste fly ash resource utilization Pending CN112792091A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113399437A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-09-17 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 System and method for distributed fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization
CN113477668A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-08 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 Centralized fly ash high-temperature melting vitrification utilization system and method

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Application publication date: 20210514