CN112786920A - Fuel cell cooling device and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell cooling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112786920A CN112786920A CN202110100659.4A CN202110100659A CN112786920A CN 112786920 A CN112786920 A CN 112786920A CN 202110100659 A CN202110100659 A CN 202110100659A CN 112786920 A CN112786920 A CN 112786920A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fuel cell cooling device and a method, the device is connected with a fuel cell, the device at least comprises a radiator, a DCDC converter and an air compressor, the water inlet end of the radiator is provided with a deionizing filter, the deionizing filter is respectively connected with the water outlets of a fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor in parallel through pipelines, the water outlet end of the radiator is respectively connected with the water inlets of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor in parallel through pipelines, wherein at least one water tank communicated with atmospheric pressure is arranged on at least one pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, and therefore the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor together perform heat dissipation circulation through the radiator in a mode of only bearing self water pressure drop. The invention enables the DCDC converter, the air compressor and the fuel cell to share the radiator in a parallel connection mode, thereby simplifying the structure of cooling the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell cooling device and a fuel cell cooling method.
Background
The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is about 50%, the fuel cell can generate a large amount of heat when supplying power, and the operation of the fuel cell can be affected if the part of heat is lost in time, so cooling components including an intercooler, an air compressor, a controller and the like are arranged around the fuel cell, and the heat sources require that the water temperature limit value is low, namely the cooling module is required to dissipate a large amount of heat under the condition of low liquid-gas temperature difference.
In the prior art, the problems of the cooling device of the fuel cell include:
(1) the structure is complex and the cost is high;
(2) two or more radiators and water tanks are arranged;
(3) two or more filters are arranged;
(4) two or more sets of water pipes are provided to connect to the radiator:
(5) when the water pump operates, the electric pile bears larger cooling pressure, and the cooling pressure of other components can be superposed besides the cooling pressure of the electric pile.
For example, patent document CN210576232U discloses a hydrogen fuel cell cooling system, which includes a fuel cell stack, a temperature sensor, a coolant tank, a deionizer, an electronic thermostat, a filter, a radiator, a heat dissipation system controller, an electromagnetic three-way valve, a temperature pressure sensor, a heater, and a circulating water pump, wherein the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the heat dissipation system controller, the electronic thermostat is connected to the deionizer, the filter is connected to the electronic thermostat, the radiator is connected to the filter, the heater is connected to the circulating water pump, and the temperature pressure sensor is connected to the heater. Although this patent protects the tubing and batteries by recycling the coolant and filtering the coolant to remove ions to obtain a pure coolant. However, since the cooling systems are independent of each other in terms of water structure and are not provided with heat dissipation mechanisms such as DCDC and air compressor, the fuel cell is subjected to excessive water pressure and heat dissipation pressure.
How to make the fuel cell only bear the water pressure of the fuel cell and simplify the connection structure is a technical problem which is still not solved by the prior art.
Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell cooling device, which is connected with a fuel cell, and at least comprises a radiator, a DCDC converter and an air compressor, wherein the radiator is respectively connected with a fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor through pipelines in a parallel connection mode, at least one water tank communicated with atmospheric pressure is arranged on at least one pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, and therefore the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor perform heat dissipation circulation together through the radiator in a mode of only bearing own water pressure drop.
Preferably, the water inlet end and/or the water outlet end of the radiator is provided with a deionization filter. When the water inlet end of the radiator is provided with the deionization filter, the deionization filter is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the water outlet of the air compressor in parallel through pipelines.
When the water outlet end of the radiator is provided with the deionization filter, the deionization filter is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the water inlet of the air compressor in parallel through pipelines,
preferably, at least one first pump is arranged on at least one pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, at least one second pump is arranged on at least one pipeline between the DCDC converter and the radiator, and at least one third pump is arranged on at least one pipeline between the air compressor and the radiator.
Preferably, the fuel cell stack with be used for between the radiator with the play water conveying of fuel cell stack extremely the first pipeline of radiator is provided with at least one first pump, the income water end of first pump passes through the tube coupling with the delivery port of DCDC converter and air compressor machine respectively with the mode that connects in parallel, thereby the play water of fuel cell stack, DCDC converter and air compressor machine is in the mode of parallel delivery's through first pump delivery extremely the radiator.
Preferably, a three-way valve is arranged at a water outlet end of the radiator, a first end of the three-way valve is connected with the radiator through a pipeline, a second end of the three-way valve is connected with water inlets of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor respectively through pipelines in parallel, a third end of the three-way valve is communicated with the first pipeline at an upstream position of the deionization filter through a pipeline, and therefore water outlet of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the fuel cell stack through the three-way valve in a mode that the water outlet of the fuel cell stack does not pass through the radiator under the condition that the radiator is turned off between the radiator and the DCDC converter and the air.
Preferably, in a case where all of the three ends of the three-way valve are opened, a portion of the outlet water delivered by the seventh pipe between the three-way valve and the first pipe is mixed with another portion of the outlet water discharged by the radiator at the three-way valve, so that the temperature of the inlet water delivered to the fuel cell stack through the pipe by the three-way valve is increased.
Preferably, at least one heating device is arranged on a pipeline between the second end of the three-way valve and the fuel cell stack, and in the case that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than a temperature threshold value, the heating device heats water to a temperature which is enough for the fuel cell stack to start based on the instruction of a control system.
Preferably, at least one first restrictor is arranged on a pipeline between the second end of the three-way valve and the DCDC converter, and/or at least one second restrictor is arranged on a pipeline between the second end of the three-way valve and the air compressor, and the first restrictor and/or the second restrictor control the flow rate of the pipeline according to a preset diversion threshold value.
The invention also relates to a fuel cell cooling method comprising: the radiator is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the water inlet of the air compressor in parallel through pipelines,
and at least one water tank communicated with the atmospheric pressure is arranged on at least one pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, so that the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor perform heat dissipation circulation together through the radiator in a manner of only bearing the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the water outlet end of the radiator is provided with a three-way valve, a first end of the three-way valve is connected with the radiator through a pipeline, a second end of the three-way valve is connected with water inlets of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor respectively in parallel through pipelines, a third end of the three-way valve is communicated with the first pipeline at the upstream position of the deionization filter through a pipeline, and therefore under the condition that the radiator is shut off from the DCDC converter and the air compressor, the water outlet of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the radiator through the three-way valve in a mode that the water outlet of the fuel cell stack does not pass through the radiator.
The invention also relates to a fuel cell, which at least comprises a fuel cell stack, a radiator, a DCDC converter and an air compressor, wherein the radiator is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor in parallel through pipelines,
the water outlet end of the radiator is provided with a three-way valve, a first end of the three-way valve is connected with the radiator through a pipeline, a second end of the three-way valve is connected with water inlets of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor respectively in parallel through pipelines, a third end of the three-way valve is communicated with the upstream position of the deionization filter through a pipeline and the first pipeline, and therefore under the condition that the radiator is shut off between the radiator and the DCDC converter and the air compressor, water outlet of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the radiator through the three-way valve in a mode that the water outlet does not pass through the radiator.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention simplifies the pipeline structure by simplifying the devices in the fuel cell cooling device, and realizes the good technical effect of cooling the fuel cell by only one set of deionization filter, one set of radiator and one water tank. When the pump in the invention is operated, the fuel cell stack only bears the cooling pressure drop generated by the stack and does not superpose the cooling pressure drops of other components.
The invention also distinguishes the water input into the fuel cell stack from the water radiated by the radiator by the cooperation of the three-way valve and the heater, thereby rapidly heating and starting the low-temperature stack, improving the starting speed and the heating efficiency of the stack, and reducing the energy, the size and the weight of the starting battery.
The invention also adjusts and controls the change and the floating of the water flow of the fuel cell stack by using the throttler, and avoids the DCDC converter and the air compressor from shunting excessive water, thereby maintaining the allowable stability of the fuel cell stack.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a cooling apparatus for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred construction of the fuel cell cooling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a preferred construction of the fuel cell cooling apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of one preferred structure of the cooling device of the fuel cell of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1: a fuel cell stack; 2: DCDC; 3: an air compressor; 4: a pressure device; 5: a heating device; 6: a three-way valve; 7: a filter and a deionizer; 8: a water tank; 11: a heat sink; 21: a first pump; 22: a second pump; 23: a third pump; 31: a first flow meter; 32: a second flow meter; 33: a third flow meter; 91: a first restrictor; 92: a second choke.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell cooling device and a fuel cell cooling method, and also provides a fuel cell cooling system and a fuel cell cooling method.
Water pressure drop: the cooling water is in the pipe system, and the water pressure is reduced due to the flowing of the cooling water through the equipment components. For example, after the cooling water flows through the condenser to cool the refrigerant, the water pressure is reduced due to the pipe resistance and the fluid shunt resistance of the condenser equipment, the water pressure entering the condenser is high, the water pressure leaving the condenser is low, and the pressure difference between the two is called the water pressure drop.
The fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter, the air compressor, a plurality of pumps, the flowmeter, the deionization filter, the three-way valve, the heating device, the restrictor and the pressure device can be connected with the control system, and transmit information to the control system and receive control instructions of the control system.
In the fuel cell cooling device in the prior art, the fuel electric fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor respectively use independent radiators, and a large number of radiators are arranged to occupy redundant space, so that the fuel cell structure is complex, and the fuel cell stack bears excessive water pressure drop.
The fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor are directly connected in series to use the same radiator, so that the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor need different cooling, and the heating efficiency of the fuel cell stack can be reduced due to too low cooling. Therefore, the invention realizes the independent control of the water cooling temperature of the fuel cell stack by connecting the cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor in parallel to use the same radiator and distinguishing the water cooling pipeline of the fuel cell stack from the water cooling pipeline of the DCDC converter and the air compressor.
However, a disadvantage of simply and directly connecting the stack in parallel with the DCDC converter and the air compressor is that the fuel cell stack is subjected to an additional water pressure drop beyond itself, which is significantly detrimental to the operation of the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell cooling apparatus of the present invention includes at least a radiator 11, a DCDC converter 2, and an air compressor 3. The fuel cell cooling device is connected to the fuel cell stack 1. Specifically, the radiator 11 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 through the first flow meter 31 and the deionizing filter 7 by a first pipe, so that the effluent of the fuel cell stack 1 flows to the radiator 11. In a second pipe between the radiator 11 and the fuel cell stack 1, a water tank 8 and a first pump 21 are provided. The second pipe allows water to flow from the radiator 11 to the fuel cell stack 1. Wherein the first pump 21 is arranged downstream of the water tank 8. Wherein at least one first pressure device 4 is arranged between the first pump 21 and the fuel cell stack. Preferably, the DCDC converter 2 and the air compressor 3 are connected in parallel with the radiator 11.
Preferably, the deionizing filter 7 is not limited to be disposed at the water inlet end of the radiator, but may be disposed at the water outlet end of the radiator such that the deionizing filter 7 is connected to the radiator 11, the DCDC converter 2, and the water inlet of the air compressor 3, respectively.
The first end of the outlet water of the DCDC converter 2 is connected with the first end of the deionization filter 7 of the first pipeline through a third pipeline. At least one second flow meter 32 is arranged in the third line. The second end of the DCDC converter 2 for water inlet is connected to the water outlet end of the radiator 11 through a fourth pipe. At least one second pump 22 is provided on the fourth conduit.
The water outlet end of the air compressor 3 is connected with the third pipeline through a fifth pipeline at the upstream of the first flow meter 32. At least one third flow meter 33 is arranged in the fifth line. The water inlet end of the air compressor 3 is connected with the fourth pipeline through a sixth pipeline at the upstream of the second pump 22. The pressure device is preferably a pressure gauge for detecting the pressure in the line.
In the invention, the flowmeter has the switching function of switching off the pipeline at the same time. And the deionization filter is used for carrying out deionization filtration on the effluent of the fuel cell stack. The deionizing filter may also be a combined structure of a filter and a deionizer.
In the invention, the water tank is a non-closed water tank communicated with the outside, so that the water tank is communicated with the atmospheric pressure, and the fuel cell stack only needs to bear the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack. If the water tank is a closed water tank, when the gas in the pipeline expands with heat and contracts with cold along with the external environment, the waterway pressure is easily too high or negative pressure is easily caused to damage parts such as a fuel cell stack, and the like, so that the normal operation of the water body in the pipeline can be obviously hindered.
Therefore, the common closed water tank is optimized into the non-closed water tank in the invention. The non-closed water tank can be an open water tank or a non-open water tank. The non-open tank may be a tank with a lid, but the tank is capable of maintaining air communication with the atmosphere through a gap or hole. The air pressure of the access point of the water tank on the pipeline is atmospheric pressure, so that the zero air pressure of reference on the pipeline is formed, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the air in the pipeline and the expansion caused by heat and contraction caused by cold of the water body is facilitated, so that the air pressure in the pipeline is balanced.
As shown in fig. 1, the effluent of the fuel cell stack enters the radiator through the deionization filter via the first pipeline, the effluent of the DCDC converter enters the radiator through the deionization filter via the third pipeline, and the effluent of the air compressor enters the radiator through the deionization filter via the fifth pipeline. And the water discharged after the heat dissipation of the radiator 11 is divided, wherein a part of the water discharged enters the water inlet end of the fuel cell stack through second management according to preset pressure, and the other two parts of the water discharged enter the DCDC converter and the air compressor through a fourth pipeline and a sixth pipeline respectively.
Namely, the effluent containing heat of the three components of the fuel cell stack 1, the DCDC converter 2 and the air compressor 3 is collected and then enters a radiator after being processed by a deionization filter, and then the effluent after temperature reduction flowing out of the radiator flows into the fuel cell stack 1, the DCDC converter 2 and the air compressor 3 respectively.
The first pump 21 on the second pipeline, the second pump 22 on the fourth pipeline and the third pump 23 on the sixth pipeline can further cool and lower the temperature of the water on the pipeline, and the influence of the temperature on the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the flow and pressure required by the fuel cell stack 1, the DCDC converter 2 and the air compressor 2 are different, and are not suitable for being connected in series. In the prior art, the fuel cell stack is separated from the DCDC converter 2 to avoid the influence of the air compressor on the water quality. This arrangement has the disadvantage that the fuel cell stack is subjected to a large amount of water pressure and heat dissipation pressure.
In the fuel cell cooling device, only one set of radiator, one set of filter and deionizer and one water tank are needed, so that most devices and equipment are reduced. The invention can complete the whole heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor only by one set of heat radiator, and the fuel cell stack only needs to bear the water pressure and the heat dissipation pressure of the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 differs from fig. 1 in that the first pump 21 is disposed in the first pipe and upstream of the first flow meter 31. The second pump 22 is disposed in the third line and upstream of the second flow meter 32. The third pump 23 is provided in the third line, and upstream of the third flow meter 33. The advantage of arranging the pumps on the water outlet pipelines of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor respectively is that when the pumps operate, the fuel cell stack only bears the cooling pressure drop generated by the fuel cell stack, and the cooling pressure drops of other components do not need to be superposed. The pump is arranged at the upstream of the radiator and can cool water before the radiator, so that the radiating pressure of the radiator is reduced, and the radiating efficiency of the radiator is improved.
According to the design structure of the fuel cell cooling device shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the cooling amplitude of the fuel cell stack and the cooling amplitude of the DCDC converter and the air compressor are the same, which is not beneficial to the quick start of the low-temperature fuel cell stack. In the actual operation process, the temperature reduction needed by the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor is different, and how to distinguish the cooling temperature of the fuel cell stack from the cooling temperature of the DCDC converter and the air compressor under the condition of not adding a device is a technical problem needing to be further solved.
In the pipe of the cooling circulation system, a water pump is a power source. In fig. 1, each component has water resistance when water flows, the water resistance value of different components is generally different when the water flows are the same, and the more components, the larger the water pressure drop is formed finally. The water pressure drop borne by the fuel cell stack is the sum of the water pressure drops of all the components in the pipeline, so that the water pressure drop borne by the fuel cell stack is large.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to solve the defect of large water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack, the water tank 8 of the present invention may also be disposed at the water outlet end of the fuel cell stack 1, so that the air pressure at the water outlet end of the fuel cell stack is the same as the atmospheric pressure, that is, the air pressure at the water outlet end of the fuel cell stack is the "zero air pressure" of the reference, thereby realizing the advantage that the water pressure drop borne by the fuel cell stack is the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack itself.
For example, in fig. 1, the fuel cell stack is subjected to a water pressure drop of:
F＝F1+F31+F7+F11+F4
wherein F represents the total pressure drop experienced by the fuel cell stack, and F1Representing the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack itself, F31Representing the water pressure drop, F, of the first flow meter7Indicates the water pressure drop of the deionizing filter, F11Representing the water pressure drop of the radiator. F4Representing the water pressure drop of the pressure device.
After the water tank 8 is arranged at the water outlet end of the fuel cell stack shown in fig. 3, the fuel cell stack is subjected to the following water pressure drop:
F*the total pressure drop experienced by the fuel cell stack of figure 3 is shown,
the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack itself in figure 3 is shown.
Obviously, through the adjustment of the position of the non-sealed water tank 8 in the pipeline, the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the water path sealing requirement of the fuel cell can be reduced, the water leakage caused by the extrusion of the high water pressure on the sealing ring of the fuel cell is prevented, the water leakage fault of the fuel cell is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell stack is prolonged.
In order to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell stack differently from the DCDC converter and the air compressor, the invention is realized by arranging the three-way valve 6, the seventh pipeline and the heating device. As shown in fig. 3, a three-way valve 6 is provided in the second pipe through which the radiator outlet water flows. A first end of the three-way valve is connected with the radiator through a second pipeline, and the other second end of the three-way valve 6 is connected with the water inlet end of the DCDC converter 2 through a fourth pipeline. The third end of the three-way valve 6 is communicated with the first line through a seventh line, and the first line and the seventh line are communicated between the first flow meter and the deionizing filter. So set up, fuel cell galvanic pile, DCDC converter and air compressor machine are parallelly connected at the delivery port of three-way valve 6. Preferably, the second conduit is provided with at least one heating device 5. Preferably, the heating means is a heater.
Under the condition that the second end and the third end are opened to the three-way valve and the first end is closed, under the condition that the first pipeline is communicated with the second pipeline, the effluent which flows out of the fuel cell stack and does not pass through the radiator directly flows to the second pipeline, the process of being cooled by the radiator is avoided, and the heat loss of the water to be flowed into the fuel cell stack is also reduced. The water is further heated by the heating device 5 in the second pipeline, so that the water flowing into the water inlet end of the fuel cell stack is hotter, and the quick start of the low-temperature fuel cell stack is more facilitated.
The heating device of the present invention is activated when the fuel cell stack is in a low temperature state. In order to quickly start the fuel cell stack from low temperature to rated power, a port of the three-way valve connected with the radiator can be closed at low temperature, so that the temperature of a water path of the fuel cell stack is quickly raised through a heating device loop. The fuel cell stack also supplies water and heats up when running, so that the water temperature rises. When the water temperature of the circulating water in the fuel cell stack is close to the rated water temperature, the heating device can be closed. The three-way valve is gradually and slowly opened at a certain angle under the instruction of the control system, so that the low-temperature water of the radiator in the external circulation is mixed with the high-temperature water in the internal circulation, all the water temperatures are gradually increased to the rated temperature, and finally, the three-way valve is completely communicated to enable the radiator to completely participate in the flow and heat dissipation of the water of the fuel cell stack.
The three-way valve is regulated and controlled according to the angle. In the process of low-temperature starting, the control system controls the opening angle of the first end connected with the radiator according to the temperature and the change of the water inlet or the water outlet of the fuel cell stack.
For example, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack water is lower than the rated temperature, the opening angle of the first end is zero. After the temperature of the water is close to the rated water temperature, the angle of the first end is opened by 20 percent; so that a small amount of low-temperature water is mixed with high-temperature water. When the temperature of the water approaches the rated water temperature for the second time, the angle of the first end is opened to 40%, so that a small amount of low-temperature water and high-temperature water are mixed for the second time. When the temperature of the water is close to the rated water temperature for the third time, the angle of the first end is opened to 70%, so that a small amount of low-temperature water and high-temperature water are mixed for the third time. And when the temperature of the water is close to the rated water temperature for the fourth time, the angle of the first end is opened to 100 percent, so that a small amount of low-temperature water and high-temperature water are mixed for the fourth time until all the water is heated to the rated temperature.
According to the invention, through controlling the angle of the three-way valve, low-temperature water can be gradually mixed under the condition of not influencing the starting and running of the fuel cell stack, and the influence of the low-temperature water on the starting of the fuel cell stack is reduced.
Preferably, the change of the certain opening angle of the first end of the three-way valve of the invention can be changed in stages without according to the exemplified angle, and can also be continuously changed according to a preset linear function related to the water temperature, so that the mixing of the low-temperature water and the high-temperature water is more scientific and reasonable, the influence of the low temperature on the fuel cell stack during the starting process is minimized, and the starting time is shortest.
Preferably, the control system of the present invention establishes an association relationship between the target fuel cell stack water temperature and the valve opening angle of the three-way valve by a PI algorithm, thereby adjusting the valve opening angle of the three-way valve according to the target fuel cell stack water temperature. That is, in the present invention, the opening angle of the three-way valve is changed depending on the change in the water temperature of the fuel cell stack. The water temperature of the fuel cell stack is controlled in relation to the output power of the fuel cell stack.
The PI algorithm is as follows:
a (t): the real-time control opening degree of the internal circulation of the three-way valve is represented as a percentage value. Then 1-a (t) is the external circulation real-time control opening of the three-way valve, and is a percentage value.
Kp represents the proportionality coefficient. Ki denotes an integral coefficient. Δ T (t) represents the difference between the fuel cell stack outlet target temperature and the current real-time stack outlet temperature value.
If the difference value of the target temperature of the fuel cell stack is large, the value calculated by the PI algorithm is large, the opening degree of the internal circulation is large, and therefore water in the internal circulation water path can be heated quickly. When the target temperature difference of the fuel cell stack is small, the value calculated by the PI algorithm is small, so that the internal circulation opening degree is small, namely the external circulation opening degree is large, and the water temperature in the external circulation radiator is gradually heated.
The PI algorithm can also introduce a differential term, so that the PID algorithm is realized. The aim is to improve the operating conditions of the stack in order to optimize the temperature control.
The PID algorithm is as follows:
where Kd represents a differential coefficient.
By setting the differential coefficient, the influence of the temperature change on the opening angle of the three-way valve can be further optimized, so that the fine control of the temperature of the fuel cell stack is realized.
Therefore, the present invention has an advantage in that the low temperature fuel cell stack can be rapidly started by heating the water introduced through the seventh pipe, which is not cooled by the radiator, by the heating means, by providing the three-way valve 6 and the heating means 5. Meanwhile, the opening change of the valve can also enable the cooling of circulating water of the DCDC converter and the air compressor not to be affected under the condition of using the common radiator.
Preferably, a heating device can also be provided in the fourth line of the DCDC converter to provide heated water for the DCDC converter.
Preferably, the water tank 8 may also be arranged between the radiator and the three-way valve, in order to balance the water pressure drop over the lines.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further optimizes the third and fourth pipelines of the DCDC converter and the fifth and sixth pipelines of the air compressor.
The DCDC converter is connected with the water inlet of the first pump of the first pipeline through a third pipeline. The third line is provided with at least one second flow meter 32, without a pump. And the second end of the three-way valve is connected with the water inlet of the DCDC converter through a fourth pipeline. At least one first flow restrictor 91 is provided in the fourth line.
The air compressor machine passes through the fifth pipeline and is connected with the third pipeline. Or the air compressor is connected with the water inlet of the first pump through the fifth pipeline and the first pipeline. The fifth line is provided with at least one third flow meter 33, without a pump. And a sixth pipeline of the air compressor is connected with the upstream position of the first throttling device of the fourth pipeline. Or a sixth pipeline of the air compressor is connected with the second end of the three-way valve. At least one second restriction 92 is provided in the sixth line.
In the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 4, pumps on the third pipeline and the fifth pipeline are reduced, and throttles are arranged on the fourth pipeline and the sixth pipeline, so that the DCDC converter and the variable frequency Liyagi can obtain proper water flow, and the water flow of the fuel cell stack is not divided too much, thereby ensuring the sufficient supply of cooling water of the fuel cell stack.
The fuel cell cooling device has a simple structure and occupies a small space, so the fuel cell cooling device and the fuel cell stack can form a novel fuel cell stack with a cooling structure.
Based on the fuel cell cooling device of the invention, the invention provides a fuel cell cooling method. The fuel cell cooling method of the present invention includes at least:
connecting the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor with the radiator respectively in a parallel mode through pipelines; wherein, the water inlet end of the radiator is provided with at least one deionization filter 7. The water outlet ends of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor are respectively connected with the deionization filter 7 through pipelines. The deionization filter 7 may be connected to the water inlet end of the radiator 11 through a pipe, or may be directly disposed at the water inlet end of the radiator 11. The arrangement is such that the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor jointly dissipate heat from water through the radiator.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, a first pipeline between the radiator and the fuel cell stack delivers effluent of the fuel cell stack to the radiator, and a second pipeline between the radiator and the fuel cell stack delivers effluent of the radiator to the fuel cell stack. At least one first flow meter 31 is arranged on the first line. At least one pressure device 4 is arranged on the second line. The pressure device is used for collecting the water pressure of the second pipeline. At least one first pump 21 is arranged in the first line and/or the second line. Preferably, at least one first pump 21 is provided on the first pipe, so as to be pre-cooled before the water enters the radiator.
Preferably, at least one tank 8 communicating with atmospheric pressure is arranged in the first and/or second line. By arranging the unsealed water tank, the fuel cell stack can bear the water pressure drop of the fuel cell stack without bearing the water pressure drop of the DCDC converter and the air compressor.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, a third pipe between the radiator and the DCDC converter supplies the outlet water of the DCDC converter to the radiator, and a fourth pipe between the radiator and the DCDC converter supplies the outlet water of the radiator to the DCDC converter. At least one second flow meter 32 is arranged on the third line. At least one second pump 22 is arranged in the third line and/or the fourth line. Preferably, at least one second pump 22 is provided on the third line, so as to be pre-cooled before the water enters the radiator.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, a fifth pipeline between the radiator and the air compressor conveys the effluent of the air compressor to the radiator, and a sixth pipeline between the radiator and the air compressor conveys the effluent of the radiator to the air compressor. At least one third flow meter 33 is arranged on the fifth line. At least one third pump 23 is arranged in the fifth and/or sixth line. Preferably, at least one third pump 23 is provided on the fifth pipe so as to perform cooling in advance before water enters the radiator, contributing to a reduction in the radiation burden of the radiator.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, a three-way valve 6 is provided at the water outlet end of the radiator. The second end of the three-way valve 6 is connected with the fuel cell stack through a second pipeline, is connected with the water inlet of the DCDC converter through a fourth pipeline, and is connected with the water inlet of the air compressor 3 through a sixth pipeline. The third end is connected with the inlet of the deionization filter 7 through a seventh pipeline, so that under the condition that the third end and the second end are conducted and the second flow meter and the third flow meter are closed, the outlet water of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the fuel cell stack without a radiator, and the stack in the low-temperature fuel cell stack is rapidly heated and started.
Preferably, at least one heating device 5 is arranged in the second line. The heating device can further heat the water entering the fuel cell stack, so that the temperature of the water is further heated, and the starting speed of the stack in the low-temperature fuel cell stack is increased.
Preferably, at least one first flow restrictor 91 is provided in the fourth line. At least one second restriction 92 is provided in the sixth line. The flow controller is favorable for controlling the flow of the fourth pipeline and the flow rate of the sixth pipeline, so that the DCDC converter and the air compressor cannot flow excessive water flow from the inlet water of the fuel cell stack, and the inlet water of the fuel cell stack can fluctuate in a small range and even tends to be stable.
Preferably, the third pipeline and the fifth pipeline are connected with the first pipeline in parallel at the inlet of the first pump 21, and the third pipeline and the fifth pipeline are not provided with pumps, so that the effluent of the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter and the air compressor share the first pump on the first pipeline. The arrangement has the advantages that the arrangement of pumps of branch pipelines is reduced, the simplification of a cooling device is realized, and the water flow entering the radiator is more favorably controlled.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
The present specification encompasses multiple inventive concepts and the applicant reserves the right to submit divisional applications according to each inventive concept. The present description contains several inventive concepts, such as "preferably", "according to a preferred embodiment" or "optionally", each indicating that the respective paragraph discloses a separate concept, the applicant reserves the right to submit divisional applications according to each inventive concept.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell cooling device, which is connected to a fuel cell, characterized in that the device comprises at least a radiator (11), a DCDC converter (2) and an air compressor (3),
the radiator (11) is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack (1), the DCDC converter (2) and the air compressor (3) in parallel through pipelines,
wherein at least one water tank (8) communicated with the atmospheric pressure is arranged on at least one pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, so that the fuel cell stack (1) and the DCDC converter (2) and the air compressor (3) carry out heat dissipation circulation together through the radiator in a mode of only bearing own water pressure drop.
2. A fuel cell cooling arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one first pump (21) is arranged on at least one line between the fuel cell stack (1) and the radiator (11),
at least one second pump (22) is arranged on at least one pipeline between the DCDC converter (2) and the radiator (11),
at least one third pump (23) is arranged on at least one pipeline between the air compressor (3) and the radiator (11).
3. A fuel cell cooling arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a first line between the fuel cell stack (1) and the radiator (11) for conveying stack effluent to the radiator is provided with at least one first pump (21),
the water inlet end of the first pump (21) is respectively connected with the water outlets of the DCDC converter (2) and the air compressor (3) in parallel through pipelines,
so that the outlet water of the fuel cell stack (1), the DCDC converter (2) and the air compressor (3) is conveyed to the radiator (11) in a parallel conveying mode through the first pump (21).
4. A cooling device for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a three-way valve (6) is provided at a water outlet end of the radiator (11),
the first end of the three-way valve is connected with the radiator (11) through a pipeline,
the second end of the three-way valve is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack (1), the DCDC converter (2) and the water inlet of the air compressor (3) in parallel through pipelines,
the third end of the three-way valve is communicated with the first pipeline through a pipeline at the upstream position of the deionization filter (7), thereby
Under the condition that a radiator is switched off from the DCDC converter (2) to the air compressor (3), the effluent of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the fuel cell stack through the three-way valve in a mode of not passing through the radiator.
5. A cooling apparatus for a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein in a case where three ends of the three-way valve are all opened, a part of the outlet water delivered by a seventh pipe between the three-way valve and the first pipe is mixed with another part of the outlet water discharged by the radiator (11) at the three-way valve, so that the temperature of the inlet water delivered to the fuel cell stack by the three-way valve through the pipe is increased.
6. A fuel cell cooling arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one heating device (5) is arranged in a line between the second end of the three-way valve (6) and the fuel cell stack (1),
in the case where the stack of the fuel cell stack is below a temperature threshold, the heating device (5) heats the water to a temperature sufficient for the stack start-up of the fuel cell stack based on an instruction of a control system.
7. Fuel cell cooling arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one first throttle (91) is arranged in the line between the second end of the three-way valve (6) and the DCDC converter (2) and/or that at least one first throttle (91) is arranged in the line between the second end of the three-way valve (6) and the DCDC converter (2)
At least one second throttle (92) is arranged on a pipeline between the second end of the three-way valve (6) and the air compressor (3),
the first restrictor (91) and/or the second restrictor (92) control the flow rate of the line according to a preset diversion threshold.
8. A fuel cell cooling method, characterized in that the method comprises:
the radiator (11) is respectively connected with the water outlets of the fuel cell stack (1), the DCDC converter (2) and the air compressor (3) in parallel through pipelines,
wherein, at least one water tank (8) communicated with the atmospheric pressure is arranged on at least one pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the radiator, so that the fuel cell stack (1) and the DCDC converter (2) and the air compressor (3) carry out heat dissipation circulation together through the radiator in a mode of only bearing own water pressure drop.
9. The fuel cell cooling method according to claim/8, characterized by further comprising:
a three-way valve (6) is arranged at the water outlet end of the radiator (11),
connecting a first end of the three-way valve with the radiator (11) through a pipeline,
the second end of the three-way valve is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack (1), the DCDC converter (2) and the water inlet of the air compressor (3) in a parallel way through pipelines,
communicating a third end of the three-way valve with the first line via a line at a position upstream of the deionizing filter (7), thereby
Under the condition that a radiator is switched off from the DCDC converter (2) to the air compressor (3), the effluent of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the fuel cell stack through the three-way valve in a mode of not passing through the radiator.
10. A fuel cell is characterized by at least comprising a fuel cell stack, a radiator (11), a DCDC converter (2) and an air compressor (3),
the radiator (11) is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter (2) and the water inlet of the air compressor (3) in parallel through pipelines,
wherein, the water outlet end of the radiator (11) is provided with a three-way valve (6),
the first end of the three-way valve is connected with the radiator (11) through a pipeline,
the second end of the three-way valve is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack, the DCDC converter (2) and the water inlet of the air compressor (3) in parallel through pipelines,
the third end of the three-way valve is communicated with the first pipeline through a pipeline at the upstream position of the deionization filter (7), thereby
Under the condition that a radiator is switched off from the DCDC converter (2) to the air compressor (3), the effluent of the fuel cell stack can be circulated to the fuel cell stack through the three-way valve in a mode of not passing through the radiator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110100659.4A CN112786920A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Fuel cell cooling device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110100659.4A CN112786920A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Fuel cell cooling device and method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112786920A true CN112786920A (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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| CN202110100659.4A Pending CN112786920A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Fuel cell cooling device and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113948742A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Heat dissipation device for multi-fuel system and vehicle |
| CN114220989A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-22 | 安徽理安极科技有限公司 | Heat radiation system of fuel cell stack |
| CN115320416A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-11 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Power system and vehicle |
-
2021
- 2021-01-25 CN CN202110100659.4A patent/CN112786920A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113948742A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Heat dissipation device for multi-fuel system and vehicle |
| CN114220989A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-22 | 安徽理安极科技有限公司 | Heat radiation system of fuel cell stack |
| CN114220989B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-01-30 | 安徽理安极科技有限公司 | Heat radiation system of fuel cell stack |
| CN115320416A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-11 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Power system and vehicle |
| CN115320416B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-10-18 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Power system and vehicle |
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