CN112779673B - Multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112779673B CN112779673B CN202110015399.0A CN202110015399A CN112779673B CN 112779673 B CN112779673 B CN 112779673B CN 202110015399 A CN202110015399 A CN 202110015399A CN 112779673 B CN112779673 B CN 112779673B
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title abstract description 52
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 title abstract description 51
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 111
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 108
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 107
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 49
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 46
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- QTKPMCIBUROOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(F)(F)F QTKPMCIBUROOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UIQCRIFSBWGDTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCC(F)(F)F UIQCRIFSBWGDTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJKHMSPWWGBKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F YJKHMSPWWGBKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNJXRXXJPIFFAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F ZNJXRXXJPIFFAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012668 chain scission Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
- D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/30—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising olefins as the major constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/544—Olefin series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/559—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving the fibres being within layered webs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种多功能复合熔喷无纺布及其制备方法。首先采用聚丙烯改性反应挤出原理，将引发剂、含氟烯烃类单体和聚丙烯按照一定的质量比混合，再经过双螺杆挤出机进行熔融接枝改性，制备出一种高流动性的改性聚丙烯材料。然后将熔喷级聚丙烯与改性聚丙烯进行双层熔喷纺丝、复合铺网，即制备得到一种多功能复合熔喷无纺布。本发明通过双层熔喷，将常规聚丙烯无纺布与含氟接枝改性聚丙烯无纺布复合，得到梯度驻极过滤材料。通过调控含氟接枝改性聚丙烯的链段组成，提高驻极效果和电荷稳定性。本发明制备的无纺布具有静电驻极效果好、空气过滤效率高、压阻低等优点。The invention provides a multifunctional composite melt-blown nonwoven fabric and a preparation method thereof. Firstly, the principle of polypropylene modification reaction extrusion is adopted, the initiator, fluoroolefin monomer and polypropylene are mixed according to a certain mass ratio, and then melt-grafted through a twin-screw extruder to prepare a high Flowable modified polypropylene material. Then, the melt-blown grade polypropylene and the modified polypropylene are subjected to double-layer melt-blown spinning and composite web laying to prepare a multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric. In the present invention, the conventional polypropylene non-woven fabric and the fluorine-containing graft-modified polypropylene non-woven fabric are compounded by double-layer melt-blowing to obtain a gradient electret filter material. By adjusting the segment composition of fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene, the electret effect and charge stability are improved. The non-woven fabric prepared by the invention has the advantages of good electrostatic electret effect, high air filtration efficiency, low piezoresistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabric filter materials, in particular to a multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the development of polymer chemical fiber production technology has enabled electret fibers to produce HEPA and ULPA filters; excellent dielectric properties such as high bulk and surface resistance, high dielectric breakdown strength, low moisture absorption and air permeability, etc. are required for materials used as electret air filters. Such materials are mainly organic electret materials based on high polymers, such as non-polar materials: polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene/polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the like; polar or weakly polar materials: polytrifluoroethylene, polypropylene (blends), polyesters, and the like.
The electrostatic synthetic fiber filter material of the polypropylene electret is formed by carrying out electrostatic charging on polypropylene fibers in a melt-blown manufacturing process to enable the polypropylene fibers to become electrostatic electret melt-blown non-woven fabric. The filtering material utilizes the filtering mechanism of the traditional air filtering material, and simultaneously utilizes the coulomb force of the charged fibers to capture particles, so that the efficiency is increased, and the resistance is reduced. Patent CN111499979A discloses a melt-blown polypropylene composition, a preparation method and applications thereof. The melt-blown polypropylene composition comprises polypropylene, a peroxide initiator, polybutene, electret master batches, a beta crystal form nucleating agent, an antioxidant and a lubricant, and is melted, mixed and extruded to obtain a melt-blown material, so that the filtration efficiency of the polypropylene non-woven fabric is improved. CN112011126A discloses a multifunctional polypropylene melt-blown material and a preparation method thereof, wherein polypropylene, an electret, an antibacterial agent, an initiator and the like are melted, mixed and extruded to obtain the multifunctional polypropylene melt-blown material, and the electret and antibacterial effects of a polypropylene non-woven fabric are improved. However, the polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric prepared by the prior art still has the problems of poor electret effect and poor charge stability, and the filtration efficiency still needs to be improved.
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved multifunctional composite meltblown nonwoven fabric and a method for preparing the same to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of compounding a conventional polypropylene non-woven fabric and a fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene non-woven fabric through double-layer melt-blowing to obtain the gradient electret filter material. The electrostatic electret filter has the advantages of good electrostatic electret effect, high air filtering efficiency and low pressure resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric which comprises at least one layer of polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric and at least one layer of fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric, wherein the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is obtained by melt polymerization of polypropylene and fluorine-containing olefin monomers under the action of an initiator.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mass ratio of the polypropylene chain segment to the fluorine-containing chain segment in the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 100 (2-20).
As a further improvement of the invention, the fluorine-containing olefin monomer is a functional monomer containing double bonds and fluoacid ester groups.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fluorine-containing olefin monomer comprises but is not limited to one or more of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate and heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate.
As a further improvement of the invention, the surface electrostatic potential of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 200-3000V, the surface electrostatic potential of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 1000-8000V, and the surface electrostatic potential of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is greater than that of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric, so as to form a surface electrostatic potential gradient.
As a further improvement of the invention, the filtering efficiency of the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric on PM2.5 is more than or equal to 99%, and the filtering pressure resistance is less than or equal to 20 Pa.
The preparation method of the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polypropylene, an initiator and a fluorine-containing olefin monomer according to a mass ratio of 100 (0.5-10) to (2-20), uniformly mixing the polypropylene, the initiator and the fluorine-containing olefin monomer, and then carrying out melt blending modification in a double-screw extruder to obtain a fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown material;
s2, melting and mixing polypropylene in a double-screw extruder to obtain a polypropylene melt-blown material;
s3, carrying out double-layer melt-blowing on the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown material obtained in the step S1 and the polypropylene melt-blown material obtained in the step S2 to obtain the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, the melt index of the polypropylene is 1000-1800g/10 min; in step S2, the melt index of the polypropylene is 500-1800g/10 min.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the temperature of the melt blending modification is 160-230 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S2, the melt index of the polypropylene is 800-1800 g/10 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric provided by the invention is formed by compounding a conventional polypropylene non-woven fabric and a fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene non-woven fabric, and the gradient electret filter material can be obtained due to the excellent electrostatic electret effect of the fluorine-containing polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric. By utilizing the gradient of the electret charge, most harmful substances such as aerosol, particulate matters, PM2.5 and the like can be concentrated on the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric layer in the process of air filtration and use. The surface electrostatic potential gradient is utilized, so that directional filtration is realized, the filtration effect is improved, and charge attenuation can be effectively inhibited through the mutual influence of the two layers of surface electrostatic potential gradients. And the charge decay rate is obviously reduced, and the service life of the device is greatly prolonged.
2. The multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric provided by the invention adopts polypropylene with the molecular weight of 25000-60000, and the obtained non-woven fabric has a better electret effect after the fluorine-containing olefin monomer is grafted. And compounding the gradient electret filter material with a polypropylene non-woven fabric with the molecular weight of 100000-400000 to obtain the gradient electret filter material which has the advantages of good electrostatic electret effect, high air filtration efficiency, low pressure resistance and the like. The composite non-woven fabric electret charge gradient is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the chain segment composition of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene, so that the electret effect and the charge stability are improved, and the charge storage capacity is also enhanced.
3. The multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric prepared by the method overcomes the defects of difficult functional modification and poor electrostatic electret effect of the traditional melt-blown non-woven fabric in the aspect of performance, and realizes the diversification of the performance of the melt-blown polypropylene non-woven fabric. Has great potential of industrialized production.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the specific embodiments, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric which comprises at least one layer of polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric and at least one layer of fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric, wherein the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is obtained by melt polymerization of polypropylene and fluorine-containing olefin monomers under the action of an initiator. The gradient electret filter material can be obtained by compounding the conventional polypropylene non-woven fabric and the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene non-woven fabric. By utilizing the gradient of the electret charge, most harmful substances such as aerosol, particulate matters, PM2.5 and the like can be concentrated on the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric layer in the process of air filtration, so that the directional filtration is realized, and the filtration effect is improved. And the charge decay rate is significantly reduced. The non-woven fabric prepared by the invention has the advantages of good electrostatic electret effect, high air filtration efficiency, low pressure resistance and the like.
The mass ratio of the polypropylene chain segment to the fluorine-containing chain segment in the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 100 (2-20). The composite non-woven fabric electret charge gradient is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the chain segment composition of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene, so that the electret effect and the charge stability are improved, and the charge storage capacity is also enhanced.
The fluorine-containing olefin monomer is a functional monomer containing double bonds and fluoate ester groups. Preferably, the fluorine-containing olefin monomer comprises but is not limited to one or more of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate and heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate.
The surface electrostatic potential of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 200-3000V, the surface electrostatic potential of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 1000-8000V, and the surface electrostatic potential of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is larger than that of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric, so that a surface electrostatic potential gradient is formed. In actual use, charge can be injected by charging the electret. The composite nonwoven fabric is charged, for example, by corona discharge at a voltage of about 14000V. The quantity of the charges stored in the double-layer non-woven fabric is controlled through different voltage electrode charging time, so that the purpose of electret charge gradient is achieved. The surface electrostatic potential gradient is utilized, so that directional filtration is realized, the filtration effect is improved, and charge attenuation can be effectively inhibited through the mutual influence of the two layers of surface electrostatic potential gradients.
The filtering efficiency of the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric on PM2.5 is more than or equal to 99%, and the filtering pressure resistance is less than or equal to 20 Pa.
The preparation method of the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing polypropylene, an initiator and a fluorine-containing olefin monomer according to a mass ratio of 100 (0.5-10) to (2-20), uniformly mixing the polypropylene, the initiator and the fluorine-containing olefin monomer, and then carrying out melt blending modification in a double-screw extruder to obtain a fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown material; the initiator is one of dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide;
s2, melting and mixing polypropylene in a double-screw extruder to obtain a polypropylene melt-blown material;
s3, carrying out double-layer melt-blowing on the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown material obtained in the step S1 and the polypropylene melt-blown material obtained in the step S2 to obtain the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric.
In the invention, polypropylene is selected as a base material, and a functional monomer containing double bonds and two characteristic functional groups of a fluoacid ester structure is selected as a graft modifier. Under the action of high temperature and oxidation, the preparation process mainly comprises two reactions, one is to form polypropylene macromolecular chain free radicals, and fluorine-containing olefin monomers and the free radicals undergo a grafting reaction; the other is the beta-chain scission reaction of polypropylene, namely, the chain scission reaction of polypropylene molecules can occur when the polypropylene is added with a peroxide initiator, and a byproduct is generated. The fluorine-containing olefin monomer has higher reactivity with the polypropylene molecular chain, so that PP free radicals can quickly react with the fluorine-containing olefin monomer and inhibit potential beta-scission reaction to a certain extent.
Due to the existence of double bond functional groups, the antibacterial monomer is grafted to the main chain of the polypropylene. And then, due to the existence of the nitrogen-containing functional group, an antibacterial structure with halamine can be formed on the molecular chain of the successfully grafted polypropylene melt-blown material through the action of amine halogenation, so that the polypropylene melt-blown material is endowed with excellent antibacterial performance.
In step S1, the melt index of the polypropylene is 1000-1800g/10 min; in step S2, the melt index of the polypropylene is 500-1800g/10 min. In step S1, the melt index of the polypropylene is preferably 1200-1600g/10min, more preferably 1300-1500 g/10min, and even more preferably 1400g/10 min. In step S2, the melt index of the polypropylene is preferably 800 to 1500g/10min, more preferably 1000 to 1300g/10min, and still more preferably 1100 to 1200g/10 min. The conditions for determining the melt index were: temperature: 230 ℃, load: 2160g, pressure to which the sample is subjected: 0.2982 MPa.
The research of the invention shows that the electret effect of the non-woven fabric obtained by grafting the fluorine-containing olefin monomer with the polypropylene with the melt index of 1000-1800g/10min is better. The gradient electret filter material obtained by compounding the polypropylene non-woven fabrics with the remelting index of 500-1800g/10min has the advantages of good electrostatic electret effect, high air filtration efficiency, low pressure resistance and the like.
In step S1, the temperature of the melt blending modification is 160-230 ℃.
Example 1
A multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric is prepared by the following steps:
s1, weighing polypropylene, benzoyl peroxide and trifluoroethyl methacrylate with a melt index of 1400g/10min according to a mass ratio of 100:2:10, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out melt blending modification (at a processing temperature of 180 ℃) in a double-screw extruder to obtain a fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown material;
s2, melting and mixing polypropylene with a melt index of 1150g/10min in a twin-screw extruder to obtain a polypropylene melt-blown material (the melt index of the polypropylene melt-blown material is 1000g/10 min);
s3, carrying out double-layer MM melt-blowing on the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown material obtained in the step S1 and the polypropylene melt-blown material obtained in the step S2 to obtain the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric.
And carrying out electret charging on the prepared multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric to ensure that the surface electrostatic potential of the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 2000V, and the surface electrostatic potential of the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric is 5000V so as to form a surface electrostatic potential gradient.
The single fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene non-woven fabric obtained by melt-blowing in the step S1 has a PM2.5 filtration efficiency of 99.90-99.99%, a filtration pressure resistance of 5-20 Pa, and a charge decay rate of 0.2-1% after one month.
And the PM2.5 filtering efficiency of the single polypropylene non-woven fabric obtained by adopting the melt-blown material of the step S2 is 94.00% -98.95%, the filtering pressure resistance is 20-50 Pa, and the charge attenuation rate is 10-35% after one month.
The single fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene non-woven fabric obtained by melt-blowing in the step S1 has a PM2.5 filtration efficiency of 94.00% -98.95%, a filtration pressure resistance of 10-50 Pa, and a charge decay rate of 10-30% after one month.
Examples 2 to 5
A multifunctional composite meltblown nonwoven fabric, which is different from example 1 in that the mass ratios of polypropylene, benzoyl peroxide and trifluoroethyl methacrylate are shown in table 1 at step S1. The rest is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, and will not be described herein.
TABLE 1 preparation conditions and filtration Properties of examples 2 to 5
As can be seen from table 1, in examples 2 and 3, under the same initiator content, as the content of trifluoroethyl methacrylate increases, the higher the polypropylene surface electrostatic potential is, the better the filtering effect of PM2.5 is, and the lower the filtering pressure resistance is, the smaller the charge decay rate is. In examples 4 and 5, under the condition of the same content of functional monomer trifluoroethyl methacrylate, with the increase of the content of initiator DCP, the higher the surface electrostatic potential of the composite melt-blown nonwoven fabric is, the higher the PM2.5 filtration efficiency is, the smaller the filtration pressure resistance is, and the lower the charge decay rate is.
Examples 6 to 9
A multifunctional composite melt-blown nonwoven fabric, compared with example 1, is different in that the molecular weights of polypropylene in step S1 and step S2 are shown in Table 2. The rest is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, and will not be described herein.
TABLE 2 preparation conditions and filtration Properties of examples 6 to 9
As can be seen from table 2, in examples 6 and 7, when polypropylene having the same melt index is used in the S2 step, the melt index of the polypropylene used in S1 or S2 is too high or too low, and the filtration performance of the prepared composite meltblown fabric is deteriorated, i.e., the surface electrostatic potential is decreased, the PM2.5 filtration efficiency is deteriorated, the filtration pressure resistance is increased, the charge decay rate is also increased, and the mechanical properties thereof are affected to a certain extent.
In conclusion, the multifunctional composite melt-blown non-woven fabric provided by the invention is formed by compounding the conventional polypropylene non-woven fabric and the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene non-woven fabric, and the gradient electret filter material can be obtained due to the excellent electrostatic electret effect of the fluorine-containing polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric. By utilizing the gradient of the electret charge, most harmful substances such as aerosol, particulate matters, PM2.5 and the like can be concentrated on the fluorine-containing graft modified polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric layer in the process of air filtration and use. The surface electrostatic potential gradient is utilized, so that directional filtration is realized, the filtration effect is improved, and charge attenuation can be effectively inhibited through the mutual influence of the two layers of surface electrostatic potential gradients. And the charge decay rate is obviously reduced, and the service life of the device is greatly prolonged.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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