CN112774586B - High pressure aerosol generating system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-pressure aerosol generating system and method, the system comprising: a powder one-way supply device for forming aerosol, which is connected to a first aerosol pipeline; a pressure conversion device for pressurizing the aerosol by introducing high-pressure gas, which comprises: a connecting pipeline connected to the first aerosol pipeline, a plurality of valves, a control system, and at least one aerosol one-way filtering mechanism, the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism is provided with a one-way filter screen, the one-way filter screen has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side is connected to the powder one-way supply device, and the second side is connected to the pressurizing mechanism; the aerosol generated by the powder one-way supply device flows into the pressure conversion device through the first aerosol pipeline, is intercepted by the one-way filter screen, and then is reversely pressurized by the pressurizing mechanism to form a high-pressure aerosol. The present invention can quantitatively form solid aerosols in a high-pressure gas environment, and can be used for various types of powders.

Description

High-pressure aerosol generating system and method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of aerosol preparation, and in particular to a high-pressure aerosol generating system and method.

Background technique

The separation process of gas and solid particles in gas-solid two-phase flow is an important process in industry, which mainly includes cyclone separation, blade separation, filtration, etc. As the core component for realizing the separation function, the gas-solid separation element is particularly important for testing the separation performance under actual operating conditions.

Taking natural gas transportation as an example, it is necessary to remove the solid dust such as gravel and pipeline corrosion products carried in the natural gas in a timely manner. Since the operating pressure of the natural gas pipeline is high pressure, such as the operating pressure of the West-East Gas Pipeline II is 10MPa, the separation process usually needs to be carried out under high pressure conditions.

A high-pressure separation element performance test platform was established under laboratory conditions to simulate actual working conditions and conduct gas-solid separation performance tests on the separation elements. By quantitatively evaluating the resistance and filtration efficiency of the separation elements, it helps to design and optimize the structure of high-efficiency and low-resistance separation elements, and provide a technical reference for the selection and overall design of separation equipment for engineering purposes.

The precise and controllable generation of solid aerosols in high-pressure gas pipelines to form gas-solid two-phase flow is a prerequisite for studying multiphase flow fields, particle concentration distribution, and particle flow agglomeration characteristics under high-pressure conditions. It can also be used to evaluate the performance of gas-solid separation components.

In order to simulate the actual gas-solid two-phase flow conditions, a high-pressure solid aerosol generator is needed to continuously produce solid aerosols of a set concentration according to the pressure conditions required for the test, and then introduce them into the upstream pipeline of the separation element. As the main instrument for simulating industrial gas-solid two-phase flow in the laboratory, the performance of the high-pressure solid aerosol generator will affect the overall test results.

However, existing solid aerosol generators are mostly suitable for air filtration tests under normal pressure conditions. The basic principle is: first generate solid aerosol under normal pressure, then form negative pressure downstream of the filter, use the pressure difference to generate flow, and make the solid aerosol pass through the filter. When the filter is under high pressure conditions, such as above 1MPa, existing technologies and equipment cannot introduce solid aerosol into the high-pressure pipeline.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , please refer to the Chinese invention patent “Rotating Powder Disc Solid Aerosol Generator” with patent number ZL201010136283.4 (publication number CN102008911B), which discloses an aerosol generator that transmits dust through a rotating powder disc.

The device is controlled by a computer 4 to drive a stirring motor 1 to rotate a stirring blade 3 in a flow bin 13, stir the internal dust evenly, and transport it to the pit 10 for carrying dust on a rotating powder material disk 11 below the bottom leakage hole 12 of the flow bin 13. The negative pressure generator 6 controlled by the computer 4 sucks the dust carried in the pit 10 on the rotating powder material disk 11 into the powder spraying dissolution chamber 8 through the negative pressure powder suction pipe 9 to form a dust aerosol, and then transports it to the aerosol detection experimental cabin 5 for detection and experiment. When the rotating powder material disk motor 7 controlled by the computer 4 rotates at different speeds and selects a rotating powder material disk 11 with different pit widths, the amount of dust transported to the negative pressure powder suction pipe 9 is different, and the concentration of the dust aerosol formed by flowing into the powder spraying dissolution chamber 5 is also different. Therefore, by selecting a rotating powder material disk 11 with a suitable pit width and a suitable rotating powder material disk speed and keeping it constant, a dust aerosol with a stable concentration can be continuously and accurately generated.

The aerosol generated by the rotating powder disc solid aerosol generating device can only be used in a normal pressure environment, and the device cannot introduce the solid aerosol into a high-pressure pipeline. In addition, the rotating powder disc solid aerosol generating device uses the negative pressure generator 6 and the negative pressure powder suction pipe 9 to inhale dust, and the powder suction capacity is limited, and it is not suitable for powders with high density such as iron oxides.

In summary, in order to meet the performance test requirements of the above-mentioned industrial separation elements, a high-pressure solid aerosol generator that can produce a reasonable particle size range and concentration is urgently needed.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, at least one technical problem to be solved by an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure aerosol generating system that can quantitatively form solid aerosols in a high-pressure gas environment, which can be used for various types of powders, especially particles with a particle size of less than 100μm; at the same time, it can meet the filtration performance detection requirements of gas-solid filtration equipment that requires continuous, quantitative and uniform dust addition under high-pressure conditions.

The specific technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is:

A high-pressure aerosol generating system, comprising:

Powder one-way supply device, pressure conversion device,

The one-way powder supply device is used to form an aerosol, and the one-way powder supply device is connected to a first aerosol pipeline;

The pressure conversion device is used to pressurize the aerosol provided by the powder one-way supply device by introducing high-pressure gas, and the pressure conversion device includes: a connecting pipeline connected to the first aerosol pipeline, a plurality of valves arranged on the connecting pipeline, a control system electrically connected to the valves, and at least one aerosol one-way filtering mechanism arranged on the connecting pipeline, the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism is provided with a one-way filter screen, the one-way filter screen has a first side and a second side opposite to each other, the first side is connected to the powder one-way supply device, and the second side is connected to the pressurization mechanism;

The aerosol generated by the one-way powder supply device flows into the pressure conversion device through the first aerosol pipeline, is intercepted by the one-way filter, and then is reversely pressurized by the boosting mechanism to form a high-pressure aerosol.

In a preferred embodiment, the one-way powder replenishing device includes: a bin body with openings at both ends, a rotating powder disk arranged at the lower end of the bin body, a powder trough is arranged on the side wall of the rotating powder disk, a venturi tube with a suction port placed in the powder trough, one end of the venturi tube is connected to a pressure reducing valve; the other end of the venturi tube is connected to the first aerosol pipeline.

In a preferred embodiment, the bin body is in the shape of a cylinder as a whole, and a baffle for forming a powder bin is arranged inside the cylinder, and the lowermost end of the baffle is in gap fit with the rotating powder disk.

In a preferred embodiment, the high-pressure aerosol generating system further includes a high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber, the pressure conversion device has an output port for connecting to a high-pressure environment, and the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber is arranged in a connecting pipeline close to the output port.

In a preferred embodiment, the high-pressure aerosol generating system further comprises an exhaust gas treatment device, and the exhaust gas treatment device comprises a gas pressure reducing device for relieving pressure and a filter for purifying the exhaust gas.

In a preferred embodiment, there are multiple pressure conversion devices, and the multiple pressure conversion devices share the powder one-way supply device, the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber and the exhaust gas treatment device, and work in staggered time through the control system.

In a preferred embodiment, the multiple valves include: a first pressure-resistant valve, a second pressure-resistant valve, a third pressure-resistant valve and a fourth pressure-resistant valve, one end of the first pressure-resistant valve is connected to the first aerosol pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second aerosol pipeline; a first three-way joint is provided at the end of the second aerosol pipeline away from the first pressure-resistant valve; the first three-way joint has a first port, a second port and a third port; the second pressure-resistant valve is connected to the first port through the third aerosol pipeline; the third pressure-resistant valve is connected to the second port through the fourth aerosol pipeline; the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism is provided in the pipeline between the second port and the third pressure-resistant valve; a second three-way joint is provided in the pipeline between the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism and the third pressure-resistant valve; the second three-way joint is connected to the fifth aerosol pipeline; the fourth pressure-resistant valve is provided in the fifth aerosol pipeline.

In a preferred embodiment, the pressure conversion device is provided with a low-pressure chamber, a pressure-changing chamber and a high-pressure chamber in series through a connecting pipeline; the low-pressure chamber comprises: a first cavity provided with at least three ports, the first port of the first cavity is connected to the powder one-way supply device through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is provided in the connecting pipeline between the two; the second port of the first cavity is connected to the pressure-changing chamber through a connecting pipeline; the third port of the first cavity is connected to an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline; the pressure-changing chamber comprises: a second cavity provided with at least three ports, the first port of the second cavity is connected to the powder one-way supply device through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is provided in the connecting pipeline between the two; The two chambers are connected to each other with a low-pressure chamber, and a pressure-resistant valve is arranged in the connecting pipeline between the two; the second port of the second chamber is connected to the high-pressure chamber through a connecting pipeline; the third port of the second chamber is connected to an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline; the high-pressure chamber comprises: a third chamber provided with at least three ports, the first port of the third chamber is connected to the pressure-changing chamber through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is arranged in the connecting pipeline between the two; the second port of the third chamber is used to be connected to the experimental pipeline through a connecting pipeline; the third port of the third chamber is connected to an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline.

In a preferred embodiment, the average pore size of the one-way filter is smaller than the median particle size of the experimental dust.

The high-pressure aerosol generating method based on the above-mentioned high-pressure aerosol generating system comprises the following steps:

Obtaining aerosol in a normal pressure state through a powder one-way supply device, and supplying the aerosol one-way to a high-pressure aerosol generating pipeline of the pressure conversion device;

Introducing high-pressure gas into the pressure conversion device to pressurize the aerosol in a normal pressure state into a high-pressure aerosol;

Passing high-pressure aerosol into the high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity to supply the experimental pipeline;

The high-pressure gas in the high-pressure aerosol generating system is discharged through the tail gas treatment device.

The technical solution of the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

Existing solid aerosol generators are mostly suitable for air filtration tests under normal pressure conditions. The principle is to form solid aerosol under normal pressure, and then form a negative pressure downstream of the filter to generate flow using the pressure difference, so that the solid aerosol passes through the filter. When the filter is under high pressure conditions, such as above 1 MPa, existing technologies and equipment cannot introduce solid aerosol into the high-pressure pipeline.

The technical solution provided in this application can solve the problem of how to accurately and controllably generate solid aerosols in high-pressure gas pipelines, and proposes a method for converting normal-pressure aerosols into high-pressure aerosols (i.e., a high-pressure aerosol generation method), thereby meeting the requirements for accurately and controllably generating solid aerosols in high-pressure gas pipelines, and can be used in the fields of gas-solid two-phase flow research under high-pressure conditions, gas-solid separation element performance testing, and the like.

Among them, by controlling multiple high-pressure pulse ball valves, the operating pressure of the aerosol generation space is switched to generate high-pressure aerosol. In addition, the precise and controllable transmission of the atmospheric pressure aerosol generation chamber disc and the automatic control of the four high-pressure valves effectively achieve uniform, quantitative and controllable aerosol generation.

With reference to the following description and drawings, specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, indicating the manner in which the principles of the present invention can be adopted. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in scope. Within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, the embodiments of the present invention include many changes, modifications and equivalents. Features described and/or shown for one embodiment can be used in one or more other embodiments in the same or similar manner, combined with features in other embodiments, or replace features in other embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings described herein are only for explanation purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components in the figures are only schematic, used to help understand the present invention, and are not specifically limited to the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions to implement the present invention according to the teachings of the present invention.

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating powder disk solid aerosol generating device in the prior art;

FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a normal pressure aerosol generator in a high pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG4 is a top view of a normal pressure aerosol generator in a high pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-way filtering mechanism in a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG6 is an A-A cross-sectional view of a one-way filtering mechanism in a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG7 is a diagram of a first working state of a one-way filtering mechanism in a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG8 is a second working state diagram of a one-way filtering mechanism in a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG9 is a diagram of a third working state of a one-way filtering mechanism in a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG10 is a fourth working state diagram of a one-way filtering mechanism in a high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of another high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG12 is a comparison diagram of the generation effect curves of the high-pressure aerosol generating system shown in FIG2 and the high-pressure aerosol generating system shown in FIG11 in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure conversion device in another high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the pressure conversion device in FIG. 13 .

Reference numerals of the above drawings:

1. Stirring motor; 3. Stirring blade; 4. Computer; 5. Aerosol detection test chamber; 6. Negative pressure generator; 7. Rotating powder tray motor; 8. Powder spraying and dissolution chamber; 9. Negative pressure powder suction pipe; 10. Slot; 11. Rotating powder tray; 12. Leak hole; 13. Flow bin; 300. Powder one-way supply device; 310. Normal pressure aerosol generator; 301. Venturi tube; 302. Powder trough; 303. Rotating powder tray; 304. Powder bin; 3041. Baffle; 305. Pressure reducing valve; 320. The first aerosol pipeline; 330, the second aerosol pipeline; 400, the pressure conversion device; 410, the first pressure-resistant valve; 420, the second pressure-resistant valve; 430, the third pressure-resistant valve; 440, the fourth pressure-resistant valve; 500, the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism; 510, the one-way filter; 511, the first side; 512, the second side; 501, the first connecting piece; 502, the second connecting piece; 600, the pressure relief tank; 700, the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber; L, the low-pressure chamber; M, the pressure-changing chamber; H, the high-pressure chamber.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The term "and/or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

The present invention is mainly used to solve the problem of aerosol generation in a high-pressure environment, and can be used for various types of powders, especially particles with a particle size of less than 100 microns. It can meet the requirements of aerosol generation under most working conditions, and is particularly suitable for the filtration performance testing of gas-solid filtration equipment that requires continuous, quantitative, and uniform dust addition under high-pressure working conditions.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 14. A high-pressure aerosol generating system is provided in the present application specification. The high-pressure aerosol generating system may include: a powder one-way supply device 300, a pressure conversion device 400, and further, may also include: a high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700, an exhaust gas treatment device, etc.

In this embodiment, the powder one-way supply device 300 is used to supply powder to the pressure conversion device 400 in a one-way manner. Specifically, the powder one-way supply device 300 can be in the form of a normal pressure aerosol generator 310; in addition, the powder one-way supply device 300 can also be in other forms such as an ultrasonic feeder or a vibration feeder. As long as the form of one-way supply of powder to the pressure conversion device 400 can be achieved, it can be applied to the present application. Any one-way supply device 300 of powder in such a form is within the protection scope defined by the present application.

Specifically, as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the powder one-way replenishing device 300 may include: a bin body with openings at both ends, a rotating powder disk 303 arranged at the lower end of the bin body, a powder trough 302 arranged on the side wall of the rotating powder disk 303, a venturi tube 301 with a suction port placed in the powder trough 302, one end of the venturi tube 301 is an air inlet, and a pressure reducing valve 305 is connected to the air inlet; the other end of the venturi tube 301 is an aerosol outlet, and the aerosol outlet is connected to the first aerosol pipeline 320.

In this embodiment, a motor is installed at the bottom of the powder one-way supply device 300, and the motor is used to drive the rotating powder disk 303 in the bin body to rotate. The aerosol concentration can be controlled by the motor speed. The higher the motor speed, the greater the amount of dust generated in the same time, and the higher the aerosol concentration.

As shown in FIG2 , the rotating powder disk 303 is located at the lower part of the one-way powder supply device 300 , and the rotating powder disk 303 is driven to rotate by a motor. The venturi tube 301 is located at the upper part of the one-way powder supply device 300 . The venturi tube 301 can be made of a transparent material plate to facilitate observation of the powder occurrence during the experiment. The bottom end of the venturi tube 301 is provided with a suction port that can be extended into the powder tank 302 ; when airflow passes through the top end, negative pressure is formed at the bottom end of the venturi tube 301 , and the solid powder on the powder disk is drawn to the top end of the venturi tube 301 , and is mixed with the airflow entering from the air inlet to form a solid aerosol, which flows to the first aerosol pipeline 320 through the aerosol outlet, and then flows into the pressure conversion device 400 .

In this embodiment, the powder in the rotating powder disk 303 rotates to the suction port at the bottom end of the venturi tube 301 through the powder trough 302 on the side wall. The two cooperate to ensure that the height of the powder in the powder trough 302 is consistent, thereby forming a solid aerosol with stable concentration.

In one embodiment, the silo body is in the shape of a cylinder as a whole, and a baffle 3041 is arranged inside the cylindrical cylinder. The baffle 3041 cooperates with the cylinder to form a powder silo 304 .

In this embodiment, the baffle 3041 can be in an arc shape, such as a semicircle. Of course, the shape of the baffle 3041 can also be in other forms. The bin body can be welded into one body by a cylinder and a baffle 3041. The lowermost end of the baffle 3041 is in clearance with the rotating powder material disk 303, so as to ensure that the powder in the powder bin 304 can enter the powder material groove 302 of the rotating powder material disk 303.

Further, in order to ensure that the powder in the powder bin 304 can efficiently and evenly enter the powder trough 302 of the rotating powder disk 303, in the height direction, the lowermost end of the baffle 3041 is not lower than the powder trough 302. For example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, when the rotating powder disk 303 forms a powder trough 302 with a certain depth, it can be specifically provided with two convex rings at a certain interval on the inner wall, and a powder trough 302 with a certain depth is formed between the two convex rings. The suction port of the subsequent venturi tube 301 can extend into the powder trough 302, thereby ensuring stable and reliable suction of powder. The lower end of the baffle 3041 can be clamped on the convex ring located on the upper side, and at this time, the baffle 3041 also realizes the function of a scraper. When the rotating powder disk 303 rotates relative to the bin body, the lower end of the baffle 3041 can perform a 360° rotation and scrape the powder, that is, the height of the powder entering the rotating powder disk 303 from the powder bin 304 can be evenly controlled at its lower end position, so that the powder can evenly fill the powder trough 302, thereby ensuring subsequent uniform outward transportation.

In this embodiment, the cylindrical barrel of the bin body and the rotating powder material disk 303 can be concentric or nearly concentric. There can be a clearance fit between the lower end of the cylindrical barrel and the upper end of the rotating powder material disk 303. It should be noted that: according to the experimental technical requirements, in order to prevent the powder from overflowing, the height of the added powder should not exceed two-thirds of the height of the cylindrical barrel.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the powder from adhering to the wall, a nano-ceramic coating can be sprayed on the inner surface of the silo.

In this embodiment, the pressure conversion device 400 is used to convert the aerosol provided by the powder one-way supply device 300 into a high-pressure aerosol by introducing high-pressure gas to increase the pressure.

The pressure conversion device 400 includes: a connecting pipeline connected to the first aerosol pipeline 320, a plurality of valves arranged on the connecting pipeline, a control system electrically connected to the valves, and at least one aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 arranged on the connecting pipeline. The aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 is provided with a one-way filter screen 510. The one-way filter screen 510 has a first side 511 and a second side 512 opposite to each other. The first side 511 is connected to the powder one-way supply device 300, and the other side is connected to the boosting mechanism.

Among them, the multiple valves and connecting pipelines can form a pressure conversion cavity. By orderly controlling the opening and closing states of the valves through the control system, the pressure change can be controlled, thereby realizing the conversion of normal pressure aerosol into high pressure aerosol.

Specifically, the valve may be in the form of a ball valve. The use of a ball valve can avoid powder deposition and wear of the sealing part on the one hand, and on the other hand, the flow cross section is larger after the ball valve is opened. Of course, the valve may also be in other forms, and any other common valve form used by those skilled in the art is within the scope of protection of this application.

The control system can be electrically connected to the valves to control the opening and closing state of each valve. The electrical connection can be a wired connection or a wireless communication connection, and the specific connection form is not specifically limited in this application. In addition, the specific form of the control system is not specifically limited in this application, and it can be integrated into the high-pressure aerosol generator system or be independently provided.

In this embodiment, the specific number of the valves may vary according to the different configurations of the connecting pipelines, and this application does not make any specific limitation here. The following description will provide examples in conjunction with specific embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 5, in this embodiment, the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 is provided with a one-way filter 510. Since the normal pressure solid aerosol will inevitably settle in the aerosol pipeline, the one-way filter 510 can carry the settled powder and lift the powder again when the high-pressure gas is introduced, playing the role of a "one-way valve".

Specifically, the one-way filter 510 has a first side 511 and a second side 512 opposite to each other, the first side 511 is connected to the powder one-way supply device 300, and the second side 512 is connected to the booster mechanism. The one-way filter 510 can be installed in the connecting pipeline through a sealing connection mechanism composed of a detachably connected first connector 501 and a second connector 502. For example, the sealing connection mechanism can be in the form of a flange mechanism. Of course, the sealing connection mechanism can also be in other forms, and the present application does not make specific limitations here.

As shown in FIG6 , the one-way filter 510 (i.e., the aerosol one-way filter 510) can be in the form of a metal sintered sheet. The metal sintered sheet can be a metal sheet full of pores. The metal sintered sheet disposed in the connecting pipeline can effectively intercept the powder material, ensuring that the powder material smoothly stays on the first side 511 of the metal sintered sheet in the middle, waiting to form a high-pressure aerosol.

When in specific use, please refer to Figures 7 and 8. When the airflow carrying powder passes through the metal sintered sheet, the metal sintered sheet can intercept the dust in the airflow to achieve the purpose of gas-solid separation. Please refer to Figures 9 and 10, and then perform high-pressure backblowing to mix the intercepted dust with the high-pressure gas to form a high-pressure aerosol.

To achieve the above process, it is necessary to make a reasonable ratio between the pore size of the metal sintered sheet and the particle size of the dust. Specifically, the average pore size of the metal sintered sheet should be smaller than the median particle size of the experimental dust. This ensures that the airflow can pass through, but the dust cannot pass through and is intercepted above the metal sintered sheet (i.e., the first side 511).

If the pore size of the metal sintering sheet is too large, larger than the dust particle size, it will not be able to intercept the dust, and the dust will pass through the metal sintering sheet along with the airflow; if the pore size of the metal sintering sheet is too small, much smaller than the dust particle size, when the high-pressure airflow passes through, the resistance of the metal sintering sheet is too large, and the pressure difference at both ends of the sintering sheet is too large, which is not conducive to the airflow passing. In addition, the excessive pressure difference may also cause the metal sintering sheet to be crushed and damaged.

If the pore size of the metal sintered sheet is consistent with the experimental dust, the dust will block the pores of the sintered sheet, which will also cause the resistance of the metal sintered sheet to be too large and the pressure difference at both ends of the sintered sheet to be too large, which is not conducive to the passage of airflow.

In summary, considering the influence of pressure difference and powder blockage, the average pore size of the metal sintered sheet should be smaller than the median particle size of the experimental dust.

It should be noted that the present application does not impose any specific limitation on the specific shape and structure of the flange mechanism and the metal sintered sheet shown in the figure. Those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments according to the actual installation environment and other requirements, and the purpose of the present invention can also be achieved.

In one embodiment, the high-pressure aerosol generating system further includes a high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700, the pressure conversion device 400 has an output port for connecting to a high-pressure environment, and the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700 is disposed in a connecting pipeline close to the output port.

In this embodiment, when the high-pressure aerosol generating system further includes a high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700, the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700 is located at the end of the overall high-pressure aerosol generating system, specifically, it can be located between the pressure conversion device 400 and the high-pressure environment, and connected to the pressure conversion device 400 through a high-pressure hose. It should be noted that the high-pressure environment of the present application is generally an environment with a pressure of more than 1 MPa.

Specifically, the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700 is a chamber with a certain volume, which is used to decelerate and expand the generated high-pressure aerosol in the chamber, and then enter the downstream experimental pipeline to stabilize the concentration of particulate matter.

In one embodiment, the tail gas treatment device includes a gas pressure reducing device and a filter, which serves to relieve and purify the high-pressure environment in the high-pressure solid aerosol generator, and discharge the high-pressure tail gas cleanly.

After each high-pressure aerosol occurs, a gas decompression device needs to be provided to decompress the connecting pipeline to ensure safe release of the gas. In this embodiment, the gas decompression device can be in the form of a pressure relief tank 600, and of course can also be other decompression devices with a certain volume.

As shown in FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, the pressure conversion device 400 may include four pressure-resistant valves, namely a first pressure-resistant valve 410 , a second pressure-resistant valve 420 , a third pressure-resistant valve 430 and a fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 .

Specifically, the valve is illustrated by taking a high-pressure pulse valve (ball valve) as an example, and the control system is illustrated by taking a PLC control system as an example. In this embodiment, four high-pressure pulse valves are included, and the switch of each pulse valve is automatically controlled by the PLC control system. Through the set program logic operation, the high-pressure aerosol generation pipeline between the high-pressure pulse valves is switched between the normal pressure environment and the high-pressure environment.

The specific connecting pipelines and valves are distributed as shown in FIG2 , and a continuous supply of powder is provided from the first aerosol pipeline 320 of the powder one-way supply device 300 to the pressure conversion device 400. The pressure conversion device 400 includes a first pressure-resistant valve 410 connected to the first aerosol pipeline 320. One end of the first pressure-resistant valve 410 is connected to the first aerosol pipeline 320, and the other end is connected to the second aerosol pipeline 330. Among them, the first aerosol pipeline 320 is a normal pressure pipeline, and the second aerosol pipeline 330 is a high pressure pipeline. A first three-way joint is provided at one end of the second aerosol pipeline 330 away from the first pressure-resistant valve 410. The first three-way joint includes a first port, a second port and a third port, wherein the third port is connected to the second aerosol pipeline 330, the first port is connected to the third aerosol pipeline, and the second port is connected to the fourth aerosol pipeline. The third aerosol pipeline is provided with a second pressure-resistant valve 420 and a high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700 in sequence. The fourth aerosol pipeline is provided with an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 and a third pressure-resistant valve 430 in sequence.

In addition, for the high-pressure aerosol generating system provided with the exhaust gas treatment device, a second three-way joint can be provided in the connecting pipeline between the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 and the second pressure-resistant valve 420, the two ports of the second three-way joint are respectively connected to the connecting pipeline, and the other joint is connected to the fifth aerosol pipeline. The fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 and the exhaust gas treatment device are sequentially provided on the fifth aerosol pipeline.

The above four pressure-resistant valves and the motor for driving the rotating powder disk 303 can be automatically controlled by PLC, thereby realizing a fully automatic high-pressure aerosol generation process.

The specific control logic is as follows: first, at the beginning, the high-pressure aerosol generating system is initialized, and the four pressure-resistant valves are in a closed state; then the first pressure-resistant valve 410 and the fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 are opened, and the motor is turned on for normal-pressure dust generation; when the dust generation is completed, the motor is turned off, and the first pressure-resistant valve 410 and the fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 are closed; then the third pressure-resistant valve 430 and the second pressure-resistant valve 420 are opened in turn for high-pressure dust generation; after the second pressure-resistant valve 420 and the third pressure-resistant valve 430 are closed in turn, the high-pressure dust generation is completed, and finally the fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 is opened for pressure relief, and the pressure relief is completed after the fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 is closed, and the system returns to the initialization state.

In the process of preparing high-pressure aerosol, the high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in the present application specification first generates solid aerosol through the powder one-way supply device 300 as a whole, and the solid aerosol successively passes through the first aerosol pipeline 320, the first pressure-resistant valve 410, and the second aerosol pipeline 330 to reach the high-pressure aerosol generating pipeline (including part of the third aerosol pipeline and the fourth aerosol pipeline) between the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 and the second pressure-resistant valve 420.

Then close the second pressure-resistant valve 420 and the third pressure-resistant valve 430, open the first pressure-resistant valve 410 and the second pressure-resistant valve 420, open the pressure reducing valve 305 for ventilation, so that the solid aerosol passes through the first pressure-resistant valve 410, the dust is intercepted in the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500, and the gas passes through the fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 and is discharged after passing through the exhaust gas treatment device.

At this time, the first pressure-resistant valve 410, the second pressure-resistant valve 420 and the fourth pressure-resistant valve 440 are closed, and the third pressure-resistant valve 430 is opened to pass high-pressure gas, so that the space between the aerosol one-way filter mechanism 500 and the second pressure-resistant valve 420 is filled with high-pressure solid aerosol. Then, the second pressure-resistant valve 420 is opened, so that the aerosol enters the high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity 700 under the action of the pressure difference, and then enters the high-pressure container of the experimental pipeline, so as to achieve the effect of high-pressure aerosol generation.

The above process is a single-path aerosol generation cycle. The high-pressure aerosol generation system can also adopt multi-path staggered aerosol generation, similar to the output of a multi-cylinder engine being more stable than that of a single-cylinder engine.

In one embodiment, in order to achieve the purpose of continuous and stable aerosol generation, the present invention adopts a multi-channel staggered aerosol generation method. Among them, a three-channel staggered high-pressure aerosol generation system is shown in Figure 11. Each channel shares a set of powder one-way supply device 300, high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700 and exhaust gas treatment device, uses multiple sets of pressure conversion devices 400, and uses PLC to automatically control the staggered aerosol generation.

The comparison of the relationship between the concentration and time of the multi-path staggered aerosol generation effect is shown in Figure 12, where the ordinate represents the aerosol generation concentration and the abscissa represents the aerosol generation time.

Typical technical parameters of this embodiment are: dust storage capacity>4kg; aerosol concentration generated 4-800g/h. It is suitable for solid dust with a true density of less than 8000kg/ ^m3 and a particle size of less than 100μm.

In another embodiment, the pressure conversion device 400 including four valves in the above embodiment can be changed to other types of structures, such as a structure with three chambers (low-pressure chamber L, variable pressure chamber M, high-pressure chamber H) connected in series, etc., which can also achieve the purpose of pressure conversion.

As shown in FIG. 13 , the pressure conversion device 400 includes: a low-pressure chamber L, a variable pressure chamber M and a high-pressure chamber H connected in series, correspondingly forming three different areas, namely, a low-pressure area, a variable pressure area and a high-pressure area. Among them, the low-pressure chamber L may include: a first cavity provided with three ports. The first port of the first cavity is connected to the powder one-way supply device 300 through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is provided in the connecting pipeline between the two. The second port of the first cavity is connected to the variable pressure chamber M through a connecting pipeline. The third port of the first cavity is connected to an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline.

The pressure-changing chamber M includes: a second cavity provided with three ports. The first port of the second cavity is connected to the low-pressure chamber L through a connecting pipe, and a pressure-resistant valve is provided in the connecting pipe between the two; the second port of the second cavity is connected to the high-pressure chamber H through a connecting pipe; the third port of the second cavity is connected to an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipe.

The high-pressure chamber H includes: a third cavity provided with three ports. The first port of the third cavity is connected to the pressure-changing chamber M through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is provided in the connecting pipeline between the two. The second port of the third cavity is used to connect to the experimental pipeline through a connecting pipeline. The third port of the third cavity is connected to an aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline.

On the whole, by setting up three chambers in series, first, the normal-pressure aerosol flow in the low-pressure zone is introduced into the pressure-changing zone. The function of the pressure-changing zone is to pressurize the normal-pressure aerosol entering the low-pressure zone through the bypass gas, change it into a high-pressure aerosol, and then flow into the high-pressure zone; then reduce the pressure through the bypass, so that the normal-pressure aerosol in the low-pressure zone flows in for the next pressure change. The high-pressure zone can directly discharge the high-pressure aerosol into the experimental pipeline. At the same time, the bypass in the high-pressure zone can be pressurized to maintain a high pressure in the high-pressure zone. This three-chamber structure can also realize the transformation of normal-pressure aerosol into high-pressure aerosol through pressure transformation.

Specifically, the working principle of the three warehouses connected in series can be shown in FIG. 14 .

First, in the low-pressure area, the normal-pressure solid aerosol provided by the powder one-way supply device 300 first passes through the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500 in the direction S1, at which time the airflow passes through the one-way filter 510, and the dust is intercepted by the one-way filter 510. Then, the dust on the one-way filter 510 is blown back in the direction S2 to blow it into the variable-pressure area.

In the variable pressure area, the normal pressure solid aerosol first passes through the one-way filter 510 of the aerosol one-way filter mechanism 500 in the direction of S3. At this time, the airflow passes through the one-way filter 510 and the dust is intercepted by the one-way filter 510. Then in the direction of S4, the high-pressure airflow blows back and blows the dust on the one-way filter 510 into a high-pressure aerosol and blows it into the high-pressure area. Finally, the pressure is released as shown in S5.

In the high-pressure area, the high-pressure solid aerosol formed in the variable pressure area flows into the high-pressure experimental pipeline according to the direction of S6. The left side of the connecting pipeline in the figure is high-pressure gas, which continuously replenishes the pressure of the high-pressure area.

Based on the high-pressure aerosol generating system provided in the above specification, this specification also provides a high-pressure aerosol generating method which may include the following steps:

Step S10: obtaining aerosol in a normal pressure state through the powder one-way supply device 300, and supplying the aerosol one-way to the high-pressure aerosol generating pipeline of the pressure conversion device 400;

Step S12: introducing high-pressure gas into the pressure conversion device 400 to pressurize the aerosol in a normal pressure state into a high-pressure aerosol;

Step S14: passing the high-pressure aerosol into the high-pressure aerosol buffer chamber 700 to supply the experimental pipeline;

Step S16: Exhausting the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure aerosol generating system through the tail gas treatment device.

In this embodiment, the high-pressure aerosol generating system shown in FIG. 2 is taken as an example for explanation.

First, a normal-pressure solid aerosol generator is used to obtain a solid aerosol in a normal-pressure state (partially referred to as aerosol in this manual); then, the solid aerosol in a normal-pressure state is unidirectionally supplied to a high-pressure aerosol generating pipeline provided with a high-pressure pulse valve (i.e., a connecting pipeline between the first pressure-resistant valve 410 and the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism 500); the third pressure-resistant valve 430 is controlled to open, and high-pressure gas is introduced to pressurize the normal-pressure solid aerosol into a high-pressure solid aerosol; the high-pressure solid aerosol is passed into a high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity 700, so that the aerosol concentration is relatively uniform and stable; the high-pressure gas in the high-pressure aerosol generating system is discharged through the exhaust gas treatment device, and the next aerosol generating cycle is carried out.

Existing solid aerosol generators are mostly suitable for air filtration tests under normal pressure conditions. The principle is to form solid aerosol under normal pressure, and then form a negative pressure downstream of the filter to generate flow using the pressure difference, so that the solid aerosol passes through the filter. When the filter is under high pressure conditions, such as above 1 MPa, existing technologies and equipment cannot introduce solid aerosol into the high-pressure pipeline.

It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish similar objects. There is no order of precedence between the two, and they cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

The above-mentioned various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

The above are only a few embodiments of the present invention. Although the embodiments disclosed by the present invention are as above, the contents are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any technician in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention shall still be subject to the scope defined by the attached claims.

Claims (10)

1. A high pressure aerosol generating system comprising: a powder unidirectional supply device and a pressure conversion device,

The powder unidirectional supply device is used for forming aerosol and is communicated with a first aerosol pipeline;

the pressure conversion device is used for pressurizing the aerosol provided by the powder unidirectional supply device by introducing high-pressure gas, and comprises: a connecting pipeline communicated with the first aerosol pipeline, a plurality of valves arranged on the connecting pipeline, a control system electrically connected with the valves, at least one aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism arranged on the connecting pipeline, the aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism is provided with a unidirectional filter screen, the unidirectional filter screen is provided with a first side and a second side which are opposite, the first side is communicated with the powder unidirectional supplying device, and the second side is communicated with the pressurizing mechanism;

Aerosol generated by the powder unidirectional supply device flows into the pressure conversion device through the first aerosol pipeline, is intercepted through the unidirectional filter screen, and is reversely pressurized through the pressurizing mechanism to form high-pressure aerosol;

The high-pressure aerosol generating system further comprises a high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity, the pressure conversion device is provided with an output port used for being connected with a high-pressure environment, and the high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity is arranged in a connecting pipeline close to the output port;

The number of the pressure conversion devices is multiple, and the pressure conversion devices share the powder unidirectional supply device, the high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity and the tail gas treatment device and work in a time-staggered manner through the control system;

The average pore diameter of the one-way filter screen is smaller than the median particle diameter of experimental dust.

2. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 1, wherein the powder one-way replenishment device comprises: the powder bin comprises a bin body with two open ends, a rotary powder tray arranged at the lower end of the bin body, a powder groove arranged on the side wall of the rotary powder tray, and a venturi tube with a suction inlet arranged in the powder groove, wherein one end of the venturi tube is communicated with a pressure reducing valve; the other end of the venturi tube is communicated with the first aerosol pipeline.

3. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 2, wherein the cartridge body is a cylindrical barrel as a whole, a baffle plate for forming a powder cartridge is arranged in the cylindrical barrel, and the lowest end of the baffle plate is in clearance fit with the rotary powder disc.

4. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust treatment device comprising a gas pressure relief device for pressure relief and a filter for purifying exhaust.

5. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said valves comprises: a first pressure-resistant valve, a second pressure-resistant valve, a third pressure-resistant valve and a fourth pressure-resistant valve,

One end of the first pressure-resistant valve is connected with the first aerosol pipeline, and the other end of the first pressure-resistant valve is connected with a second aerosol pipeline; a first three-way joint is arranged at one end of the second aerosol pipeline far away from the first pressure-resistant valve; the first three-way joint is provided with a first port, a second port and a third port;

The second pressure-resistant valve is communicated with the first port through a third aerosol pipeline;

the third pressure-resistant valve is communicated with the second port through a fourth aerosol pipeline; the aerosol unidirectional filter mechanism is arranged in a pipeline between the second port and the third pressure-resistant valve; a second three-way joint is arranged in a pipeline between the aerosol one-way filtering mechanism and the third pressure-resistant valve; the second three-way joint is connected with a fifth aerosol pipeline; the fourth pressure-resistant valve is arranged in the fifth aerosol pipeline.

6. A high pressure aerosol generating system comprising: a powder unidirectional supply device and a pressure conversion device,

The powder unidirectional supply device is used for forming aerosol and is communicated with a first aerosol pipeline;

the pressure conversion device is used for pressurizing the aerosol provided by the powder unidirectional supply device by introducing high-pressure gas, and comprises: a connecting pipeline communicated with the first aerosol pipeline, a plurality of valves arranged on the connecting pipeline, a control system electrically connected with the valves, at least one aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism arranged on the connecting pipeline, the aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism is provided with a unidirectional filter screen, the unidirectional filter screen is provided with a first side and a second side which are opposite, the first side is communicated with the powder unidirectional supplying device, and the second side is communicated with the pressurizing mechanism;

Aerosol generated by the powder unidirectional supply device flows into the pressure conversion device through the first aerosol pipeline, is intercepted through the unidirectional filter screen, and is reversely pressurized through the pressurizing mechanism to form high-pressure aerosol;

The high-pressure aerosol generating system further comprises a high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity, the pressure conversion device is provided with an output port used for being connected with a high-pressure environment, and the high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity is arranged in a connecting pipeline close to the output port;

A low-pressure bin, a pressure transformation bin and a high-pressure bin are formed in the pressure conversion device in series through connecting pipelines;

The low pressure cartridge includes: the first cavity is provided with at least three ports, the first port of the first cavity is communicated with the powder unidirectional supply device through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is arranged in the connecting pipeline of the first cavity and the second cavity; the second port of the first cavity is connected with the transformation bin through a connecting pipeline; the third port of the first cavity is communicated with an aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline;

The transformation bin comprises: the first port of the second cavity is connected with the low-pressure bin through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is arranged in the connecting pipeline of the second cavity and the low-pressure bin; the second port of the second cavity is connected with the high-pressure bin through a connecting pipeline; the third port of the second cavity is communicated with an aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline;

The high pressure cartridge includes: a third cavity provided with at least three ports, wherein a first port of the third cavity is connected with the variable-pressure bin through a connecting pipeline, and a pressure-resistant valve is arranged in the connecting pipeline of the third cavity and the variable-pressure bin; the second port of the third cavity is used for being connected with an experimental pipeline through a connecting pipeline; a third port of the third cavity is communicated with an aerosol unidirectional filtering mechanism and a pressure-resistant valve through a connecting pipeline;

The average pore diameter of the one-way filter screen is smaller than the median particle diameter of experimental dust.

7. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 6, wherein the powder one-way replenishment device comprises: the powder bin comprises a bin body with two open ends, a rotary powder tray arranged at the lower end of the bin body, a powder groove arranged on the side wall of the rotary powder tray, and a venturi tube with a suction inlet arranged in the powder groove, wherein one end of the venturi tube is communicated with a pressure reducing valve; the other end of the venturi tube is communicated with the first aerosol pipeline.

8. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 7, wherein the cartridge body is a cylindrical barrel as a whole, a baffle plate for forming a powder cartridge is arranged in the cylindrical barrel, and the lowest end of the baffle plate is in clearance fit with the rotary powder disc.

9. The high pressure aerosol generating system of claim 6, further comprising an exhaust treatment device comprising a gas pressure relief device for pressure relief and a filter for purifying exhaust.

10. A high pressure aerosol generating method based on a high pressure aerosol generating system according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

Acquiring aerosol in a normal pressure state through a powder unidirectional supply device, and unidirectional supplying the aerosol into a high-pressure aerosol generation pipeline of the pressure conversion device;

introducing high-pressure gas into the pressure conversion device to boost the aerosol in a normal pressure state into high-pressure aerosol;

introducing high-pressure aerosol into the high-pressure aerosol buffer cavity to supply the high-pressure aerosol to the experiment pipeline;

and discharging high-pressure gas in the high-pressure aerosol generating system through the tail gas treatment device.