CN112768711A - Surface modified blue diamond catalyst of fuel cell, preparation method and fuel cell - Google Patents
Surface modified blue diamond catalyst of fuel cell, preparation method and fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004050 hot filament vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/25—Diamond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/25—Diamond
- C01B32/26—Preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/25—Diamond
- C01B32/28—After-treatment, e.g. purification, irradiation, separation or recovery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface modified blue diamond catalyst of a fuel cell, a preparation method and the fuel cell, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of S1, adopting nano particles with the diameter of 1-4000nm as a substrate material, and preprocessing the substrate material; s2, depositing a conductive diamond film on the substrate material by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method to form the blue diamond catalyst; s3, carrying out surface modification treatment on the blue diamond catalyst to make the blue diamond catalyst have hydrophobic characteristics or enhance the hydrogen absorption performance of the blue diamond catalyst to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst. The surface modified blue diamond catalyst prepared by the preparation method has excellent performance, and the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with hydrophobic property or enhanced hydrogen absorption and energy absorption after surface modification treatment is respectively applied to the cathode or the anode of a fuel cell, so that the catalytic efficiency can be greatly improved, and the surface modified blue diamond catalyst can well replace a platinum catalyst to become the catalyst of the fuel cell, and is beneficial to large-scale application of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell catalysts, and particularly relates to a surface modified blue diamond catalyst of a fuel cell, a preparation method of the surface modified blue diamond catalyst and the fuel cell.
Background
A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a fuel cell, and is equivalent to a reverse device for water electrolysis in principle. The single cell consists of anode, cathode and proton exchange membrane, the anode is the place where hydrogen fuel is oxidized, the cathode is the place where oxidant is reduced, both electrodes contain catalyst for accelerating electrochemical reaction of the electrodes, and the proton exchange membrane is used as electrolyte. When working, the power supply is equivalent to a direct current power supply, the anode of the power supply is the negative pole of the power supply, and the cathode of the power supply is the positive pole of the power supply.
The working process of the fuel cell is actually the reverse process of the electrolyzed water, the basic principle of which was proposed as early as 1839 by the british attorney William Robert gruff (William Robert Grove), the first scientist in the world to achieve the reverse reaction of the electrolyzed water and generate the electric current. For a half century, fuel cells have received little attention, except for use in special fields such as aerospace. Only in recent decades, fuel cells have been valued and developed with the increased awareness of environmental protection, energy conservation, and protection of limited natural resources.
The PEMFC technology is currently the most mature technology in the world that can oxidize hydrogen and oxygen in the air into clean water and release electric energy:
1) the hydrogen gas reaches the anode through a pipe or a gas guide plate, and hydrogen molecules are dissociated into positively charged hydrogen ions (i.e., protons) and negatively charged electrons are released under the action of an anode catalyst.
2) The hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte (proton exchange membrane) to the cathode; the electrons then reach the cathode through an external circuit. The electrons form a current in an external circuit, which through suitable connections can output electrical energy to a load.
3) At the other end of the cell, oxygen (or air) passes through a duct or gas guide to the cathode; under the action of cathode catalyst, oxygen reacts with hydrogen ions and electrons to produce water.
The platinum is an electrocatalyst commonly used in fuel cells, and the d electron orbit of the platinum is not filled and the surface of the platinum is easy to adsorb reactants, so that the platinum has high catalytic activity for the oxidation reaction of anode hydrogen and the reduction reaction of cathode oxygen, and simultaneously has comprehensive excellent characteristics of high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is the most important catalyst material. However, the worldwide Pt group metal reserves are only 71000 tons and cannot be manufactured, and the scarcity and high price of Pt severely limit its commercial application and large-scale application of fuel cells. In addition, the Pt/C layer is used as a cathode catalyst layer, is easily oxidized in alcohol fuel to cause CO poisoning, so that the Pt/C layer cannot be applied to alcohol fuel cells, and therefore, the Pt/C layer has very important practical significance for the research of non-Pt catalysts.
Blue diamond is the rarest diamond, has less than one-thousandth of the content of natural diamond, has conductivity due to the boron element, and is also called conductive diamond. The blue diamond integrates various excellent properties, is a material with highest hardness in nature, has excellent heat conduction performance, has no comparable chemical corrosion resistance and radiation resistance, and has the widest electrochemical window. Currently, blue diamonds can be produced by CVD synthetic diamond growth techniques and are therefore the best choice for fuel cell catalysts to replace platinum. However, due to the problem of surface activity of the blue diamond thin film of the blue diamond catalyst, when it is applied to a cathode of a fuel cell, it is blocked from contacting with oxygen because water is easily adhered to its surface, thereby reducing catalytic efficiency and reducing the reaction rate of oxygen and hydrogen ions; when it is applied to an anode of a fuel cell, its contact degree with hydrogen is affected due to its insufficient hydrogen absorption property, thereby decreasing catalytic efficiency. No good solution has been developed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a surface modified blue diamond catalyst for fuel cells and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a surface modified blue diamond catalyst for a fuel cell comprising the steps of:
s1, adopting nanoparticles with the diameter of 1-4000nm as a substrate material, and pretreating the substrate material;
s2, depositing a conductive diamond film on the substrate material by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method to form the blue diamond catalyst;
s3, carrying out surface modification treatment on the blue diamond catalyst to make the blue diamond catalyst have hydrophobic characteristics or enhance the hydrogen absorption performance of the blue diamond catalyst to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst.
Further, the thickness of the conductive diamond film is 1-1000 nm.
Further, in the step 2, the chemical vapor deposition method is a hot wire chemical vapor deposition method, and the conductive diamond film is grown in a hot wire chemical vapor deposition device under the following growth conditions: the temperature of the base station is 500-800 ℃, the temperature of the hot wire is 180-2400 ℃, the air pressure is 1-5kPa, 100-1000sccm of hydrogen gas, 1-20sccm of methane and 1-20sccm of borane are introduced, and the conductive diamond film with the thickness of 1-3 μm is obtained after growth for more than 10 min.
Further, in the step 2, the chemical vapor deposition method is a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method, and the conductive diamond film is grown in a microwave reactor under the following growth conditions: the microwave power is 500-.
Further, the step S3 includes: and (3) closing the carbon source and the boron source, keeping other parameters in the step S2 unchanged, and reacting for 1-30min under the condition of introducing hydrogen to form C-H bonds on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, so as to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with hydrophobic characteristics.
Further, the step S3 includes: and (2) treating the blue diamond catalyst for 1h by adopting concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% at the temperature of 80 ℃, so that ether bonds or aldehyde groups are formed on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, and the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance is obtained.
Further, the step S3 includes: and soaking the blue diamond catalyst in 30-50% hydrogen peroxide, and irradiating for 1h by using 254nm ultraviolet light to form hydroxyl on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, thereby obtaining the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance.
Further, the substrate material is any one of semiconductor silicon particles, ceramic particles, and high-temperature pure metal or metal compound.
The invention also provides a surface modified blue diamond catalyst of the fuel cell, which is prepared by using the preparation method of the surface modified blue diamond catalyst of the fuel cell in any technical scheme.
The invention also provides a fuel cell, which comprises an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode and/or the cathode use the surface modified blue diamond catalyst in any technical scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is subjected to surface modification treatment, has the performance of hydrogen adsorption or hydrophobicity, and can be respectively applied to an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst of a fuel cell, so that the overall efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
(2) The raw material of the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is diamond, the diamond can be artificially synthesized, and compared with platinum, the diamond is rare, can be produced in large quantities and is easier to obtain. And the price is lower than that of platinum, and the fuel cell can be commercially applied in a large scale, so that the popularization and the application of the fuel cell are more possible.
(3) The conductive diamond has better mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electrochemistry and chemical properties than platinum, and is more suitable for being used as a catalyst of a fuel cell.
(4) The surface modified blue diamond catalyst is applied to the fuel cell, the chemical reaction is safer, the problem of toxic CO generated by using platinum as the catalyst is avoided, and the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is safer and more environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of a surface modified sapphire catalyst.
FIG. 2 is another SEM image of the surface modified blue diamond catalyst.
FIG. 3 is another SEM image of the surface modified blue diamond catalyst.
FIG. 4 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the surface-modified sapphire catalyst after surface treatment in one embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell using a surface modified blue diamond catalyst.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment is a surface modified blue diamond catalyst of a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the substrate material by using nanoparticles with the diameter of 1-4000nm as the substrate material;
s2, depositing a conductive diamond film on the substrate material by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method to form the blue diamond catalyst;
s3, carrying out surface modification treatment on the blue diamond catalyst to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst.
Wherein, the substrate material in step S1 is any one of semiconductor silicon particles, ceramic particles and high temperature pure metal or metal compound, and the diameter of the nanoparticles is preferably 1-1000 nm. The thickness of the conductive diamond film produced in step S2 is 1 to 1000 nm. The preprocessing in step S1 is an auxiliary nucleation processing including: diamond powder with a diameter of 4-10 μm was mixed with the base material and mechanically shaken, and then the base material was separated.
In step S2 of this embodiment, the cvd method is a hot filament cvd method, and the conductive diamond film is grown in a hot filament cvd apparatus under the following conditions: the temperature of the base station is 500-800 ℃, the temperature of the hot wire is 180-2400 ℃, the air pressure is 1-5kPa, 100-1000sccm of hydrogen gas, 1-20sccm of methane and 1-20sccm of borane are introduced, and the conductive diamond film with the thickness of 1-3 μm is obtained after growth for more than 10 min.
In step S3 of the present embodiment, the surface modification treatment step includes: and (3) closing the carbon source and the boron source, keeping other parameters in the step S2 unchanged, and reacting for 1-30min under the condition of introducing hydrogen to form C-H bonds on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, so as to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with the hydrophobic characteristic.
Example 2
This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that steps S2 and S3 are different from embodiment 1. In step S2 of this embodiment, the cvd method is a microwave plasma cvd method, and the conductive diamond film is grown in a microwave reactor under the following conditions: the microwave power is 500-.
In step S3 of the present embodiment, the surface modification treatment step includes: and (3) closing the carbon source and the boron source, keeping other parameters in the step S2 unchanged, and reacting for 1-30min under the condition of introducing hydrogen to form C-H bonds on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, so as to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with the hydrophobic characteristic.
Example 3
This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that step S3 is different from embodiment 1. In step S3 of the present embodiment, the surface modification treatment step includes: and (2) treating the conductive diamond nano particles for 1h at 80 ℃ by adopting concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% to form ether bonds or aldehyde groups on the surfaces of the conductive diamond nano particles, thereby obtaining the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance.
Example 4
This embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 except that step S3 is different from embodiment 1. In step S3 of the present embodiment, the surface modification treatment step includes: soaking the conductive diamond nano-particles in 30-50% hydrogen peroxide, and irradiating the conductive diamond nano-particles for 1h by using 254nm ultraviolet light to form hydroxyl on the surfaces of the conductive diamond nano-particles, thereby obtaining the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance.
Example 5
This embodiment is the same as embodiment 2 except that step S3 is different from embodiment 2. In step S3 of the present embodiment, the surface modification treatment step includes: and (2) treating the conductive diamond nano particles for 1h at 80 ℃ by adopting concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% to form ether bonds or aldehyde groups on the surfaces of the conductive diamond nano particles, thereby obtaining the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance.
Example 6
This embodiment is the same as embodiment 2 except that step S3 is different from embodiment 2. In step S3 of the present embodiment, the surface modification treatment step includes: soaking the conductive diamond nano-particles in 30-50% hydrogen peroxide, and irradiating the conductive diamond nano-particles for 1h by using 254nm ultraviolet light to form hydroxyl on the surfaces of the conductive diamond nano-particles, thereby obtaining the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance.
FIG. 4 is a Fourier transform infrared spectrum of a diffuse reflection spectrum of a surface-modified sapphire catalyst after surface modification treatment, wherein (1) the surface-modified sapphire catalyst has hydrophobic properties (C-H bonds) and (2) the surface-modified sapphire catalyst has enhanced hydrogen absorption properties.
By the method, the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is modified to have the performance of absorbing hydrogen or dewatering on the surface, and can be respectively applied to an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst of a fuel cell.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises an anode, a proton exchange membrane and a cathode, wherein the anode is a hydrogen electrode, the cathode is an oxygen electrode, introduced hydrogen reaches the anode and is decomposed into hydrogen ions with positive charges, electrons with negative charges are released, the hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode, the electrons reach the cathode through an external circuit, the electrons form current in the external circuit, and electric energy can be output to a load through proper connection. At the other end, the introduced oxygen (or air) reaches the cathode, and the oxygen reacts with the hydrogen ions and electrons to generate water.
Therefore, through the surface modification treatment, the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with hydrogen absorption performance applied to the anode catalyst can accelerate the hydrogen to be decomposed into hydrogen ions and accelerate the hydrogen ions to be transferred to the cathode, while the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with hydrophobicity applied to the cathode catalyst can accelerate the hydrogen to be decomposed into hydrogen ions and accelerate the hydrogen ions to be transferred to the cathode, because water is generated on the surface of the cathode catalyst, if the water is adhered to the surface of the catalyst, the subsequent hydrogen ions can not contact with the surface of the catalyst to continue to react, the efficiency of the electrolytic cell is greatly reduced, through the surface modification treatment, the water has the hydrophobic characteristic, the water can be quickly transferred and taken away, so that oxygen can efficiently contact with the catalyst to react, and the hydrogen is continuously decomposed and transferred, thereby improving the overall efficiency of.
The present invention provides SEM images of surface modified blue diamond catalysts, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, for reference.
The beneficial effects created by the invention are as follows:
(1) the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is subjected to surface modification treatment, has the performance of hydrogen adsorption or hydrophobicity, and can be respectively applied to an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst of a fuel cell, so that the overall efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
(2) The raw material of the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is diamond, the diamond can be artificially synthesized, and compared with platinum, the diamond is rare, can be produced in large quantities and is easier to obtain. And the price is lower than that of platinum, and the fuel cell can be commercially applied in a large scale, so that the popularization and the application of the fuel cell are more possible.
(3) The conductive diamond has better mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, electrochemistry and chemical properties than platinum, and is more suitable for being used as a catalyst of a fuel cell.
(4) The surface modified blue diamond catalyst is applied to the fuel cell, the chemical reaction is safer, the problem of toxic CO generated by using platinum as the catalyst is avoided, and the surface modified blue diamond catalyst is safer and more environment-friendly.
The invention also provides a fuel cell, which comprises an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode and/or the cathode use the surface modified blue diamond catalyst in any technical scheme.
Example 7
This example provides a fuel cell, and referring to fig. 5, a surface-modified sapphire catalyst having enhanced hydrogen absorption performance by surface modification treatment was used as an anode catalyst, a surface-modified sapphire catalyst having hydrophobic characteristics was used as a cathode catalyst, and a proton exchange membrane was provided between the anode catalyst and the cathode catalyst. When H is present2And O2After respectively reaching the anode and the cathode of the cell through the gas guide channels, hydrogen is dissociated into H under the action of an anode catalyst+And e-And H + is transferred in the form of hydrated protons in the proton exchange membrane and finally reaches the cathode, so that proton conduction is realized. H+The transfer of (b) causes a negatively charged electron accumulation at the anode, which becomes a negatively charged terminal (negative). At the same time, O of the cathode2H coming from anode under the action of catalyst+The combination causes the cathode to become a positively charged terminal (positive electrode) with the result that a voltage is developed between the negative terminal of the anode and the positive terminal of the cathode. At this time, the two electrodes are connected through an external load circuit, and electrons pass through the loop from the anodeFlows to the cathode to form a fuel cell, thereby generating electrical energy.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a surface modified blue diamond catalyst of a fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting nanoparticles with the diameter of 1-4000nm as a substrate material, and pretreating the substrate material;
s2, depositing a conductive diamond film on the substrate material by adopting a chemical vapor deposition method to form the blue diamond catalyst;
s3, carrying out surface modification treatment on the blue diamond catalyst to make the blue diamond catalyst have hydrophobic characteristics or enhance the hydrogen absorption performance of the blue diamond catalyst to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst.
2. The method for preparing a surface-modified sapphire catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the conductive diamond film is 1-1000 nm.
3. The method for preparing a surface-modified sapphire catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the chemical vapor deposition method is a hot wire chemical vapor deposition method, the conductive diamond film grows in hot wire chemical vapor deposition equipment under the following growth conditions: the temperature of the base station is 500-800 ℃, the temperature of the hot wire is 180-2400 ℃, the air pressure is 1-5kPa, 100-1000sccm of hydrogen gas, 1-20sccm of methane and 1-20sccm of borane are introduced, and the conductive diamond film with the thickness of 1-3 μm is obtained after growth for more than 10 min.
4. The method for preparing a surface-modified sapphire catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the chemical vapor deposition method is a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition method, the conductive diamond film grows in a microwave reactor, and the growth conditions are as follows: the microwave power is 500-.
5. The method of preparing a surface-modified blue diamond catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the step S3 includes: and (3) closing the carbon source and the boron source, keeping other parameters in the step S2 unchanged, and reacting for 1-30min under the condition of introducing hydrogen to form C-H bonds on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, so as to obtain the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with hydrophobic characteristics.
6. The method for preparing a surface-modified blue diamond catalyst for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the step S3 includes: and (2) treating the blue diamond catalyst for 1h by adopting concentrated sulfuric acid with the concentration of 98% at the temperature of 80 ℃, so that ether bonds or aldehyde groups are formed on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, and the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance is obtained.
7. The method for preparing a surface-modified blue diamond catalyst for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the step S3 includes: and soaking the blue diamond catalyst in 30-50% hydrogen peroxide, and irradiating for 1h by using 254nm ultraviolet light to form hydroxyl on the surface of the blue diamond catalyst, thereby obtaining the surface modified blue diamond catalyst with enhanced hydrogen absorption performance.
8. The method for preparing a surface-modified sapphire catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the substrate material is any one of semiconductor silicon particles, ceramic particles and high-temperature pure metal or metal compound.
9. A surface modified blue diamond catalyst for a fuel cell, characterized by: the surface-modified blue diamond catalyst for fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
10. A fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode and/or cathode uses the surface modified blue diamond catalyst of claims 1 to 8.
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