CN112765075B - One-to-many communication method and system based on serial port - Google Patents
One-to-many communication method and system based on serial port Download PDFInfo
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- CN112765075B CN112765075B CN202011630574.9A CN202011630574A CN112765075B CN 112765075 B CN112765075 B CN 112765075B CN 202011630574 A CN202011630574 A CN 202011630574A CN 112765075 B CN112765075 B CN 112765075B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/42—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
- G06F13/4282—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/2816—Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/2838—Distribution of signals within a home automation network, e.g. involving splitting/multiplexing signals to/from different paths
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Abstract
The invention relates to a serial port-based one-to-many communication method and a serial port-based one-to-many communication system, the system comprises a host computer, a plurality of slave computers and a receiving and transmitting line; the receiving and transmitting line comprises an output line connected with the host serial port output interface and an input line connected with the host serial port input interface; the input interface of the slave serial port is connected with the output line, and the output interface of the slave serial port is connected with the input line; the host and the slaves realize the communication of the host to a plurality of slaves by the following serial port communication method: and the host polls the states of all the slaves at intervals through a receiving-transmitting line, and the response time of the slaves to the host polling is smaller than the interval time of the host polling. The invention provides a serial communication method for realizing single serial port and multiple controlled ends of a control end, which effectively solves the cost problem of one-to-many communication and avoids the problems of communication conflict and communication blocking in the state update of one-to-many serial port communication polling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a serial port-based one-to-many communication method and system, and belongs to the technical field of serial port communication.
Background
The usual multi-device communication modes are: serial communication, such as RS-232, serial, asynchronous or one COM (communication) port; or 485 communication. Characteristics of the RS232 interface: only point-to-point communication is possible, and multipoint communication is not supported; RS485 communication characteristics: the device network can be conveniently established by using a single RS485 interface.
In a specific application field, how to realize the communication requirements of a control end and a plurality of controlled ends through serial port communication is a technical problem to be solved. For example, the Chinese patent with the bulletin number of CN 206441155U discloses a control circuit capable of realizing RS232 one-to-many communication, which specifically comprises an RXD receiving data end comprising an interface driving circuit (an interface driving chip of SN 75174) and a data selecting circuit (a CD4051 switch circuit); the TXD sending data end comprises an interface buffer (an integrated chip of SN 75175) and a data distributor (a 74HCT245 integrated chip) which are used for receiving data information of the master control equipment; the method adopts a time division multiplexing mode to improve the baud rate, integrates RXD data of a plurality of controlled terminals to one RXD and sends the RXD data to a control terminal, and then solves each RXD data information through an inverse process to complete the RS232 interface transmission under the conditions of the plurality of control terminals and the plurality of controlled terminals.
For example, in the field of smart home, how to meet the communication requirements of a control end and a plurality of controlled ends through a serial port is also a technical problem to be solved. For example, an integrated control multi-connected panel (the panel integrates controller 86 units with different functions such as a switch, a scene, a curtain, a temperature controller and the like, and is an intelligent home panel product which is finally controlled and combined in a multifunctional mode), a master control circuit of the integrated control multi-connected panel is usually controlled by using a singlechip as a master control chip, and then a plurality of serial ports are required to be respectively communicated with different types of controller modules (86 units such as the switch, the scene, the temperature controller and the like), so that a communication mode that one master control circuit respectively controls a plurality of devices through a plurality of serial ports or 485 chips is realized.
In actual situations, if a 485 communication mode is adopted to meet one-to-many control, the manufacturing cost is high, and a 485 chip is required to be newly added because 485 communication is not carried out on a singlechip adopted by the integrated panel; if serial communication is adopted, because serial ports on the singlechip are limited, if one device is communicated with a plurality of devices, the singlechip with a large number of serial ports is required to be adopted, and the cost is increased.
In addition, in the smart home field, in the above-mentioned integrated control's multi-connected panel design, there are also the following problems:
the corresponding customization demand difference of the multiple panel that different occasions used is great, and the difference aspect relates to: the 86 units contained in each multi-connected panel are different in type (such as switch, scene, socket, curtain, temperature controller, etc.), the 86 units are ordered differently, and the load path number of each 86 unit is different (such as single on/double on/triple on/quarto).
Different devices (86 units) on hardware cannot be combined at will, and each time new 86 unit combination is added, software and hardware are required to be redesigned, so that labor is consumed, cost is increased, and period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a serial port-based one-to-many communication method and a serial port-based one-to-many communication system, which are used for solving the problem that the cost of one-to-many communication is high in a plurality of controlled terminals of a control terminal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method comprising:
The invention relates to a serial port-based one-to-many communication system, which comprises a host computer, a plurality of slave computers and a receiving and transmitting line; the receiving and transmitting line comprises an output line connected with the host serial port output interface and an input line connected with the host serial port input interface; the input interface of the slave serial port is connected with the output line, and the output interface of the slave serial port is connected with the input line;
the host and the slaves realize the communication of the host to a plurality of slaves by the following serial port communication method:
and the host polls the states of all the slaves at intervals through a receiving-transmitting line, and the response time of the slaves to the host polling is smaller than the interval time of the host polling.
The invention provides a serial communication method for realizing single serial port and multiple controlled ends of a control end, which effectively solves the cost problem of one-to-many communication and avoids the problems of communication conflict and communication blocking in the state update of one-to-many serial port communication polling.
Further, the method for the master to poll the states of all the slaves is that a polling command is sent out through an output line, wherein the polling command comprises the address of the slave currently polled.
Further, the method for the slave to respond to the host polling includes that the slave analyzes a polling instruction, and when the address in the polling instruction is not consistent with the local address, the slave does not respond; if yes, reporting the state of the machine.
In the host polling process, the receiving end judges the instruction target mode through instruction group sending, so as to realize the time-sharing multiplexing of the serial communication resources. Who is the instruction target, who currently occupies the state of the serial link report, and the occupied time must not exceed the polling interval time, so that the state inquiry of the next slave machine is prevented from being interfered. And the communication process is efficient and quick, and the pre-allocation of communication resources or the additional establishment of a communication priority mechanism is not needed by a host.
Further, the serial port communication method further includes: the host computer issues a control instruction through a receiving and transmitting line, wherein the control instruction comprises control content and an address of the slave computer which needs to respond to the control.
Further, the slave analyzes the control instruction, and when the address in the control instruction is not consistent with the local address, the slave does not respond; if so, responding to the control content.
In the process of issuing the host control instruction, the receiving end judges the instruction target mode through instruction group sending, so that time-sharing multiplexing of the serial communication resources is realized. Who is the instruction target and who responds to the control command. The communication process is efficient and quick, and the pre-allocation of communication resources or the additional establishment of a communication priority mechanism is not needed by a host.
Further, the serial port communication method further includes: when the slave does not send data outwards, the output interface of the serial port of the slave is configured into a floating mode.
The slave output interface which does not communicate is placed in a floating state, so that the level of the output interface of the bottom-pulling host is prevented from interfering the communication between the host and other slaves.
Further, the serial port communication method further includes: the serial port communication baud rate is set to 115200.
115200 Is the best baud rate setting for practical implementation, and achieves higher transmission efficiency.
Further, the serial port communication method further includes: the slave and the slave do not communicate, and the slave does not actively communicate with the host.
The slave does not actively communicate, further preventing communication collision or communication blockage.
The serial port communication method in the serial port-based one-to-many communication system is adopted to realize the communication of the host computer to a plurality of slaves.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a serial port based one-to-many communication system circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
System embodiment:
The serial port generally only comprises two conventional input interfaces RX and output interfaces TX, and generally serial port communication is one-to-one, i.e. one-to-one unidirectional transmission communication between a master and a slave. If the serial port is used for realizing the one-to-many communication of the host to the slave, the problem is that communication between one host and a plurality of slaves is blocked, and a plurality of RX signals are mutually interfered, so that the control end (the host) cannot normally receive the information of the controlled end (the slave).
The hardware circuit of the scheme is shown in fig. 1, wherein the core board is used as a master control host, and a plurality of 86 units which are integrated as slaves are controlled through a serial port. Each 86 functional module is connected with the core board by adopting a UART, and specifically, the receiving and transmitting line comprises a TX line, a RX line and a GND line, the TX line, the RX line and the GND line are respectively connected with a TX port, a RX port and a GND port of the serial port of the core board, each 86 unit is hung on the receiving and transmitting line, and the TX port of the serial port of the 86 unit is connected with the RX line, the RX port is connected with the TX line, and the GND port is connected with the GND line. All modules are connected by using GND (ground lead), TX (transmit receive) lines, RX (receive) lines and VCC (transmit) lines, a core board is used as a master, each 86 combination unit is used as a slave, the master can communicate with each slave, and each slave cannot communicate with each other. In the field of intelligent home, an intelligent home system comprises intelligent home equipment and an intelligent home central control gateway, wherein the intelligent home central control gateway is central control equipment for centralized control of all intelligent home equipment; the multi-connected control panel is used as an intelligent home device to establish communication connection with the intelligent home central control gateway, and the core board of the multi-connected control panel is used as a communication host machine in the invention to receive control instructions of the intelligent home central control gateway. The core board (communication host) of the multi-connected control panel transmits control instructions received from the intelligent home central control gateway and the like to corresponding 86 units (communication slaves) based on the serial port one-to-many communication method, namely, transmits control instructions to corresponding controlled 86 functional modules (switches, scenes, sockets, temperature controllers, curtains and the like) through serial communication, and achieves corresponding functions. The slave machine can realize the local function, taking a switch and a temperature controller as examples, and the man-machine interaction part and the relay control are directly realized by the 86 combination unit; meanwhile, after receiving the issued control instruction through the serial port, analyzing and realizing the instruction; and the state which is locally required to be synchronized to the central control gateway can be packaged and reported to the central control gateway through the serial port and the core board when the central control gateway inquires.
In order to realize one-to-many communication based on serial ports and solve the problem of communication blockage of one-to-many communication, the following serial port communication method is adopted.
First, each 86 combination unit (slave) must be shipped with an address configured according to the combination requirements, and the address needs to be unique. When networking, the core board (host) grasps the address of the network-access slave. Meanwhile, the host comprises a key network access function, and 86 unit combination types and combination sequences contained in the host are reported after network access.
The serial port communication method of the invention comprises the following two communication processes:
1) And (5) a host polling process.
The host polling process is a timing inquiry process of the host to the state of each slave, and is used for the host to master and update the state of the slave at a timing. The host needs to directly poll and collect the state of each 86 combination unit, and when the state change is detected, the host is reported to the host so as to achieve the synchronization of the state of the local 86 combination unit and the host.
In the process of host polling, a host sends a state inquiry command through a TX port according to a certain polling period, and each state inquiry command aims at one slave, wherein the state inquiry command comprises a corresponding slave address inquired in the current period and a state inquiry identifier. After the state inquiry instruction is sent out, the state inquiry instruction is received by each slave machine of the network through the receiving and transmitting line TX line and the RX port of each serial port, each slave machine receives the instruction issued by the host machine, and then carries out address configuration on each received instruction, and when the received instruction does not belong to the own instruction, the received instruction is directly abandoned, and the response to the instruction is avoided. When the analysis instruction obtains the address in the instruction and matches with the address, the analysis instruction content is continued, after the state inquiry identification of the host is obtained, the timer starts to count, and when the host is replied, the host receiving completion time is not more than the host polling period (the interval time of the host polling). For example, the polling interval of the host is 100ms, if the current receiving completion time is greater than 80ms, the command is not replied to solve the problem of bus collision possibly caused by the blocking reply of the slave program.
Namely, setting a master interval polling period T, and setting a reply completion period T of the slave to the master, wherein the reply completion period T is smaller than the master interval polling period T.
When the reply completion period is smaller than the polling interval period of the host, the corresponding slave machine packs and reports the state which is locally needed to be synchronized to the host. After the polling interval time, the host continues to issue a status inquiry instruction containing the address of the next slave.
2) And forwarding and analyzing the control instruction.
When the host receives a control command sent by local operation (such as voice, key, touch control and the like) of the multi-connected control panel or by an upper computer (such as a smart home central control gateway) (for example, the command needs to be added with the issued 86 combination unit number) and sends a control command through the TX port, the control command comprises the address of the corresponding 86 combination unit (slave) found by the host according to the number and control content (for example, specific temperature set for the temperature controller). After the control instruction is sent out, the control instruction is received by each slave machine of the network through the receiving and transmitting line TX line and the RX port of each serial port, each slave machine receives the instruction issued by the host machine, and then carries out address configuration on each received instruction, and when the instruction does not belong to the own instruction, the instruction is directly abandoned, and the response to the instruction is avoided. When the analysis instruction obtains the address in the instruction and matches with the address of the instruction, continuing to analyze the instruction content, obtaining corresponding control content, responding to the control, and performing corresponding control according to the control content (for example, the temperature controller completes the setting of specific temperature).
In addition, each slave is not allowed to actively report data, and the output interface TX of each slave must be configured to a floating input mode when data is not transmitted; when the data is not transmitted, the output interface TX of the slave is set to be in a floating mode, so that the influence on the communication of other slaves is avoided, the input interface RX of the master in a normal state is required to be in the floating input mode, and the output interface TX of the slave is not set to be in the floating input mode, so that the level of the input interface RX of the master is increased.
Preferably, 115200 is needed for serial port communication baud rate, so that bus transmission efficiency is improved; the method is the optimal baud rate setting in implementation, and the proper baud rate interval can be configured according to the scheme in practice, so that higher transmission efficiency is realized.
The one-to-many communication device based on the serial port has the characteristics that 1) each slave is not allowed to actively report data; 2) The TX ports of the slaves must be configured in a floating input mode when not transmitting data; 3) Setting a reply completion period of the slave to the host, which is smaller than the interval polling period of the host; 4) Each 86 combination unit leaves a factory and must configure an address according to combination requirements, the address needs to be unique, the core board sends instructions to contain the address, the slave machine configures the address of each received instruction, and the instructions are directly discarded when the instructions do not belong to the slave machine.
The invention solves the problem of communication blocking during serial port one-to-many communication, breaks through the traditional serial port single one-to-one communication mode, supports one-to-many communication mode, and solves the problem of communication with a plurality of slave devices under the condition of not depending on hardware switching because of fewer ports of the master device. Communication ports are reduced in resources, port resources are saved, and a serial port-based communication method of one controller and multiple controllers is logically realized.
Method embodiment:
the serial port-based one-to-many communication method of the present invention is already described in the serial port communication method of the device embodiment, and will not be described herein.
According to the serial port-based one-to-many communication method, serial ports are not required to be added on the basis of the existing single chip microcomputer, and the problems that the cost is increased and flexible combination cannot meet the requirement of not enriching customized functions due to the fact that 485 communication or selecting multiple serial ports are adopted in multi-connected integrated panel control can be solved; the intelligent household multi-connected control panel can effectively communicate with a plurality of 86 units (slaves in a communication system) such as a switch, a scene, a temperature controller and the like through a core board (namely a master in the invention), so that serial port resources are saved; compared with the scheme that each 86 unit of the existing multi-connected product is respectively designed with a core board, the cost is further reduced, the 'one-host-to-multiple-slave' customized design can be carried out according to the requirements, the 'building block' flexible and random combination is met, and the technical problems that the design of the multi-connected product, caused by the difference factors such as the type and sequence of the 86 units, consumes manpower and is long in period are solved.
Claims (6)
1. A serial port-based one-to-many communication system is characterized by comprising a host computer, a plurality of slave computers and a receiving and transmitting line; the receiving and transmitting line comprises an output line connected with the host serial port output interface and an input line connected with the host serial port input interface; the input interface of the slave serial port is connected with the output line, and the output interface of the slave serial port is connected with the input line;
the host and the slaves realize the communication of the host to a plurality of slaves by the following serial port communication method:
The host polls the states of all the slaves at intervals through a receiving-transmitting line, and the response time of the slaves to the host polling is smaller than the interval time of the host polling;
When the slave does not send data outwards, an output interface of a serial port of the slave is configured to be in a floating mode;
The host is a core board, and the slave is an 86 function module; each 86 functional module configures an address according to the combination requirement, and the address is unique; the method for the host to poll the states of all the slaves is that a polling command is sent out through an output line, wherein the polling command comprises the address of the slave currently polled; the method for the slave to respond to the host polling is that the slave analyzes a polling instruction, and when the address in the polling instruction is not consistent with the local address, the slave does not respond; if yes, reporting the state of the machine.
2. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 1, wherein the serial communication method further comprises: the host computer issues a control instruction through a receiving and transmitting line, wherein the control instruction comprises control content and an address of the slave computer which needs to respond to the control.
3. The serial port-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 2, wherein the slave parses the control command, and does not respond when the address in the control command does not match the local address; if so, responding to the control content.
4. A serial port based one-to-many communication system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the serial port communication method further comprises: the serial port communication baud rate is set to 115200.
5. The serial-based one-to-many communication system according to claim 1, wherein the serial communication method further comprises: the slave and the slave do not communicate, and the slave does not actively communicate with the host.
6. A serial port-based one-to-many communication method, characterized in that a serial port communication method in a serial port-based one-to-many communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted to realize communication of a host computer to a plurality of slaves.
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| CN113242169B (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2023-05-30 | 广东拓斯达科技股份有限公司 | Multi-slave data updating method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113886316A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-04 | 合肥讯飞数码科技有限公司 | Data communication method and related apparatus, equipment, system and storage medium |
| CN113949671B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-06-02 | 深圳市优必选科技股份有限公司 | Master-slave communication system, method, host and slave |
| CN113946529B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2024-03-22 | 上海商汤阡誓科技有限公司 | Circuit system, signal processing method and device |
| CN115085758B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-08-02 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Working method of double-transceiver multi-mode RS-485 communication host |
| CN116775533B (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-07 | 北京凯芯微科技有限公司 | One-to-many serial ports two-way communication conversion circuit |
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| CN203180949U (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-09-04 | 郑军 | A bus communication system based on UARTs |
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