CN112753874B - Microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs and application thereof - Google Patents
Microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of bean dregs, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 part of salt, 0.05-0.1 part of graphene quantum dots, 1-3 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent; the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components: rosa roxburghii root, poncirus trifoliata, shepherd's purse, aucklandia japonica, sea buckthorn, jin Lao folium mume, prinsepia utilis royle, litsea cubeba, thyme, black sesame, rhizoma atractylodis, dried orange peel and pine needle; the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains: bacillus subtilis, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus and lactococcus lactis. According to the invention, the bean dregs, the traditional Chinese medicine composition and the composite biological agent are matched to prepare the microbial fermentation feed, so that the nutritional value of the bean dregs can be improved, the digestive systems of two black pigs can be conditioned, the disease resistance of animals can be improved, and the economic value of the two black pigs can be further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed, in particular to microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-end black pigs and application thereof.
Background
In modern pig raising production, the feed cost accounts for about 80% of the whole raising cost. The change of the feed price directly influences the breeding profit margin, and the control of the feed cost is a key measure for determining the breeding benefit. With the increasing population and the increasing living standard, the food and food quality safety problem is always a big concern for all levels of governments and society. The current pig raising production taking corn as a main raw material not only influences the production benefit of live pigs, but also is related to the human food safety problem, and the exploration of new feed raw materials and breeding modes is a new way for realizing the development of the live pig industry.
The two black pigs in the Ganxi province are distributed in Jiangxi Nuanxiang city, yichun regions, jian regions and the like. The area belongs to subtropical climate areas, the annual average temperature is about 16 ℃, the temperature difference in winter is large, crops are ripe two to three times a year, rice is taken as the main, and dry crops comprise potatoes, barley, wheat, soybeans, peanuts, corns and the like. The grain processing, milling and brewing industries are developed, agricultural and sideline products are sufficient, the four seasons green feed and the weeds are luxuriant, and superior conditions are provided for developing the pig industry. However, a large amount of bran is produced in the processing process of agricultural products, a large amount of dregs and the like are produced in the processing process of foods, most of the bran is discarded in the past, and therefore resources are wasted and the environment is polluted.
Such as: the bean products can produce a large amount of bean dregs in the production and processing process, the bean dregs are leftovers produced in the production of bean curd, soymilk and other bean products, the nutrient content is higher, the content of crude protein dry matters is 19-30 percent, the content of crude fibers is about 14 percent, the feed is changed in the aspect of nutrient content compared with the raw materials, but still contains rich nutrient components, and the feed is a good feed for feeding pigs after being scientifically processed and prepared. However, the okara cannot be directly fed and needs to be cooked. Because the bean dregs contain three anti-nutritional factors: the pig feed additive comprises three anti-nutritional factors, namely trypsin inhibin, goitrogen and prothrombin, wherein the trypsin inhibin can prevent trypsin in a pig body from digesting and absorbing bean protein, so that diarrhea is caused, and the growth is influenced. With the development of biological fermentation, people directly carry out sealed fermentation on the bean dregs, so that the existence of anti-nutritional factors can be reduced, but the bean dregs are difficult to store, a plurality of harmful floras can be generated to influence the fermentation effect, and diseases such as diarrhea and the like can be caused after the pig is fed with the bean dregs. In addition, the single bean dregs have single fermentation nutrient content and single effect, and do not meet the requirements of high feed nutrient quality, rich varieties and good comprehensive effect of cultivation. Therefore, how to carry out microbial fermentation on the bean dregs to meet the culture needs is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microbial fermented feed for feeding two black pigs and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of bean dregs, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 part of salt, 0.05-0.1 part of graphene quantum dots, 1-3 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent;
the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components: rosa roxburghii root, poncirus trifoliate, shepherd's purse, lindera communis seed, sea buckthorn, jin Lao folium mume, prinsepia utilis royle, litsea cubeba, thyme, black sesame, rhizoma atractylodis, dried orange peel and pine needle; the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains: bacillus subtilis, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus and lactococcus lactis.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of roxburgh rose root, 3-5 parts of poncirus trifoliata, 1-3 parts of shepherd's purse, 0.5-1 part of momordica seed, 1-3 parts of sea buckthorn, 3-6 parts of Jin Lao plum leaf, 1-3 parts of prinsepia utilis royle, 0.5-1 part of litsea cubeba, 0.5-1 part of thyme, 5-8 parts of black sesame, 1-2 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 3-5 parts of dried orange peel and 3-5 parts of pine needle;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of streptococcus faecalis, 3-8 parts of lactobacillus and 3-8 parts of lactococcus lactis.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial fermented feed for feeding two-head black pigs, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to the dosage, soaking the components in water with the volume of 8-10 times of that of the components, then extracting the components with water, filtering the extract, and respectively collecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and filter residue;
step 2: adding the compound microbial agent, bean dregs, rice bran, corn flour and salt into the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the component dosage, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 2-10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: and adding filter residues and graphene quantum dots into the fermentation product for embedding, drying and granulating to obtain the microbial fermentation feed product.
Preferably, the water body of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
boiling the soaked Chinese medicinal materials for 1-2 hr with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 1-2 hr, filtering, and collecting the Chinese medicinal liquid and the residue respectively;
and (3) before using the filter residue in the step 3, frying and grinding the filter residue into powder.
Preferably, the sealed fermentation temperature is 22-25 ℃.
Preferably, the water content of the mixed raw materials is ensured to be 50-70% before sealed fermentation.
The invention also provides a microbial fermentation feed product prepared by the preparation method and used for feeding black pigs.
The invention also provides application of the microbial fermentation feed for feeding the two-head black pigs, which is applied to feeding of different types of two-head black pigs, wherein piglets adopt free feeding and have less frequent feeding; the feeding amount of the pork pigs in the fattening period is 1.0-2.5 kg/day; the feeding amount of the pregnant sow is 1.5-2.2 kg/day; the feeding amount of the nursing sow is 3.0-3.5 kg/day; the feeding amount of the breeding boar is 2.0-2.5 kg/day.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the microbial fermented feed disclosed by the invention, the bean dregs, a plurality of traditional Chinese medicine components and a plurality of beneficial strains are subjected to biological fermentation, and secondary metabolites such as a plurality of enzymes generated by the strains can reduce a plurality of anti-nutritional factors contained in the bean dregs, so that the nutritional value of the bean dregs is improved; meanwhile, the fermented product is embedded with filter residues obtained after the traditional Chinese medicine is decocted and graphene quantum dots, on one hand, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are fully utilized, waste and environmental pollution are reduced, on the other hand, the beneficial bacteria and the traditional Chinese medicine components are embedded while a support is provided for the fermented product, so that after the fermented product is fed to an animal and enters an intestinal tract, the traditional Chinese medicine components and the beneficial bacteria can be slowly released, the traditional Chinese medicine residues contain a small amount of traditional Chinese medicine components, discomfort caused by stimulation of the traditional Chinese medicine product to the intestines and stomach can be avoided by directly feeding the traditional Chinese medicine product, the release time and release speed of the traditional Chinese medicine active components, the nutrient components and the beneficial bacteria can be prolonged through the embedding effect of the traditional Chinese medicine residues and the graphene quantum dots, the effective time in the intestinal tract is prolonged, and the conditioning effect on the intestines and the stomach is further achieved. The microbial fermentation feed provided by the invention can meet the requirements of cultivation on high nutritive value and simultaneous existence of multiple effects, effectively improves the economic value of the microbial fermentation feed, and reduces the use cost.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including but not limited to.
Reagents or materials used in the following examples are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
The compound microbial agent used in the invention is purchased from Hipporang Biotech Co.
Example 1
A microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of bean dregs, 10 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of corn flour, 0.1 part of salt, 0.05 part of graphene quantum dots, 1 part of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 1 part of a compound microbial agent;
the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of roxburgh rose root, 3 parts of poncirus trifoliata, 1 part of shepherd's purse, 0.5 part of aucklandia seed, 1 part of sea buckthorn, 3 parts of Jin Lao plum leaf, 1 part of prinsepia utilis royle, 0.5 part of litsea cubeba, 0.5 part of thyme, 5 parts of black sesame, 1 part of rhizoma atractylodis, 3 parts of dried orange peel and 3 parts of pine needle;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of streptococcus faecalis, 3 parts of lactobacillus and 3 parts of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed for feeding the two-head black pigs comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to the dosage, soaking the components in 8 times of water for 1 hour, boiling the components with strong fire, decocting the components with slow fire for 1 hour, filtering, and respectively collecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and filter residue;
step 2: adding the compound microbial agent, the bean dregs, the rice bran, the corn flour and the salt into the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the component amount, uniformly stirring, and performing sealed fermentation at 22 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: and adding filter residues (the filter residues are fried and ground into 300 meshes before use) into the fermentation product, embedding the graphene quantum dots, drying and granulating to obtain the microbial fermentation feed product.
Example 2
A microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of bean dregs, 13 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of corn flour, 0.25 part of salt, 0.08 part of graphene quantum dots, 2 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 2 parts of a compound microbial agent;
the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of roxburgh rose root, 3.5 parts of poncirus trifoliata, 2 parts of shepherd's purse, 0.8 part of aucklandia seed, 2 parts of sea buckthorn, 4 parts of Jin Lao plum leaf, 2 parts of prinsepia utilis royle, 0.8 part of litsea cubeba, 0.7 part of thyme, 6 parts of black sesame, 1.5 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 4 parts of dried orange peel and 4 parts of pine needle;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 12 parts of bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of faecal streptococci, 6 parts of lactobacillus and 5 parts of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed for feeding the two-head black pigs comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to the dosage, soaking the components in 9 times of water for 1.5h, boiling the components with strong fire, decocting the components with slow fire for 1.5h, filtering, and respectively collecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and filter residue;
step 2: adding the compound microbial agent, bean dregs, rice bran, corn flour and salt into the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the component amount, uniformly stirring, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at 23 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: and adding filter residues (the filter residues are fried and ground into 400 meshes before use) into the fermentation product, embedding the graphene quantum dots, drying and granulating to obtain the microbial fermentation feed product.
Example 3
A microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-head black pigs comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of rice bran, 25 parts of corn flour, 0.3 part of salt, 0.1 part of graphene quantum dots, 3 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 3 parts of a compound microbial agent;
the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of roxburgh rose root, 5 parts of trifoliate orange, 3 parts of shepherd's purse, 1 part of akebia fruit, 3 parts of sea-buckthorn, 6 parts of Jin Lao plum leaf, 3 parts of prinsepia utilis royle, 1 part of litsea cubeba, 1 part of thyme, 8 parts of black sesame, 2 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 5 parts of dried orange peel and 5 parts of pine needle;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of streptococcus faecalis, 8 parts of lactobacillus and 8 parts of lactococcus lactis.
The preparation method of the microbial fermentation feed for feeding the two-head black pigs comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to the dosage, soaking the components in water with the volume 10 times of the components for 2 hours, boiling the components with big fire, decocting the components with small fire for 2 hours, filtering the decoction, and respectively collecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and filter residues;
and 2, step: adding the compound microbial agent, bean dregs, rice bran, corn flour and salt into the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the component amount, uniformly stirring, and carrying out sealed fermentation at 25 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: and adding filter residues (the filter residues are fried and ground into 400 meshes before use) into the fermentation product, embedding the graphene quantum dots, drying and granulating to obtain the microbial fermentation feed product.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 2 is that the traditional Chinese medicine composition is not added, and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 2 except that the complex microbial inoculant was not added.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that no graphene quantum dots are added, and the other steps are the same.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the filter residue added in the step 3 of the preparation method is not subjected to stir-frying dry grinding treatment, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the filter residue and the graphene quantum dots in the step 3 of the preparation method are added before fermentation, and are fermented together with other components, and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 6
The same as example 2 except that no residue was added.
Example 4
Before fermentation, the inventors also measured the change of nutrient content before and after fermentation of the bean dregs (directly mixing and sealing fermentation with the bean dregs and the complex microbial agent according to the amount of example 2), and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Change of nutrient components before and after fermentation of bean dregs
As can be seen from Table 1, after fermentation, the crude protein in the bean dregs is greatly improved, especially the digestible protein in the crude protein is improved by 29.6%, and the crude fiber is reduced by 34.1%, which fully explains the effect of the microorganisms and the secondary metabolites such as enzymes produced by the microorganisms on the base material. Therefore, the digestion and absorption rate of the crude protein can be improved by carrying out biological fermentation treatment on the bean dregs; meanwhile, the energy value of the bean dregs is improved, and the crude fiber content of the raw materials is reduced; the palatability of the feed is increased, the appetite is promoted, and the secretion of digestive juice is increased. The fermented bean dregs are also a carrier of probiotics, contain a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, lactic acid and other acidifiers, and the vitamins are greatly increased, especially the B vitamins are multiplied. Because the bean dregs have high water content and are easy to mildew and deteriorate if the bean dregs are not used in time, the fresh bean dregs fed directly by livestock are easy to diarrhea, and the health and the growth speed are influenced.
Nutrition change of rice bran (rice bran and complex microbial agent were mixed and sealed for fermentation directly in the amount used in example 2 of the present invention) before and after microbial fermentation treatment, results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Nutrition table in Rice bran before and after degradation treatment
As can be seen from Table 2, the rice bran is subjected to microbial fermentation treatment, so that the crude protein content is increased, the crude fiber content is also obviously reduced, the content of digestible protein is obviously increased, and the rice bran is beneficial to absorption and utilization by animals. The rice bran and the bean dregs are added at the same time, so that the absorbable protein and other nutrient components in the microbial fermentation feed can be increased, and the diversity of nutrient substances can be increased.
From the above results, it was concluded that in the presence of both the okara and the rice bran, the content of soluble protein could be greatly increased and the content of crude fiber could be reduced by the microbial fermentation. For this, the present inventors measured the contents of crude protein, digestible protein and crude fiber in the microbial fermented feeds prepared in examples 1 to 3 and the microbial fermented feeds prepared in comparative examples 1 to 6.
Table 3 content of different nutrients (%)
As can be seen from the results in table 3, the change of the content of crude protein, crude fiber and digestible protein is influenced most by the adding sequence of the composite microbial agent, the filter residue and the graphene quantum dots, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition, the graphene quantum dots and the filter residue (whether the filter residue is added or not and whether the filter residue is fried or not and ground), which also have certain influence on the filter residue, the graphene quantum dots and the filter residue, which are analyzed, it is inferred that if the treated filter residue and the graphene quantum dots are added in advance and are fermented together with other components, the embedding effect is also formed on the strain or nutrient substances, so that the degradation of the strain on the raw material is influenced, and the fermentation efficiency is also influenced seriously, so that the best microbial fermented feed finished product can be obtained only by fermenting the raw material and the method provided by the invention.
Example 5
Taking the microbial fermented feed prepared in example 2 as an example, two black pigs in the Jiangxi province of different types in a certain pig farm in Pingxiang city are selected to be fed, the green feed and the microbial fermented feed prepared by the invention are combined to be fed, and the feeding amount and the feeding method of the pigs of different types are specifically shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
After the Gangxi two black pigs are fed by the feeding way shown in Table 4, the fattening performance, the meat production performance, the meat quality performance, the reproductive performance and the disease resistance of the Gangxi two black pigs are measured (refer to technical Specifications for measuring carcass traits of lean type pigs, NY/T825-2004, technical Specifications for measuring muscle quality of pigs, NY/T821-2004 and Chen Runsheng. Indexes and measuring methods of high-quality pork). The results are specifically:
fertility performance: the result shows that the daily weight gain of the Ganxi two black pigs of different types is over 300g, and the weight of the eight-month-old pigs can reach over 75 kg.
Meat production performance: according to slaughter determination, when 75kg of fattening pigs are fattened, the slaughter rate is 71.70%, and the lean meat percentage is 47.92%.
Meat quality performance: the muscle chemical components comprise 20.80% of average protein content, 3.60% of average fat content and 73.67% of average moisture content; the contents of glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and aspartic acid in the flavor amino acids are 3.24mg/g, 1.12mg/g, 1.11mg/g and 1.92mg/g respectively, the content of histidine which is one of the representatives of sweet amino acids is 2.59mg/g, and the content of arginine which is one of the representatives of the umami amino acids is 1.41mg/g.
Reproductive performance: the sexual maturity is early, and the boars are 30 days old and have climbing behavior. The first estrus of the gilts starts to be oestrous at 3-4 months of age, the oestrus cycle is 18-20 days and lasts for 3-4 days, and the mating and conception rate is higher 48 hours after oestrus. The pregnancy period of the sow is about 117 days. Average child birth per litter: the number of the first-birth sows is 7.8. The number of the multiparous sows is about 10, and the highest number can reach about 20. The boars of 5-6 months age begin to be bred with the weight of about 32 kg, 1-3 times a day. The service life is 3-4 years.
Disease resistance (anti-diarrhea) properties: after one year of feeding, the diarrhea incidence of the suckling piglets is reduced to below 30 percent, no death is found, and the diarrhea incidence of the sows is reduced to about 10 percent, so that the incidence of the piglets and the sows in the conventional breeding process (the diarrhea incidence of the piglets is up to 100 percent, and the diarrhea incidence of the sows is over 50 percent) is obviously reduced. While other types of two-head black pigs did not find symptoms or death occurred.
Therefore, the microbial fermented feed prepared by the invention can obviously improve the meat production performance, meat quality performance, reproductive performance and diarrhea resistance of two black pigs. Not only saves cost and effectively utilizes wastes, but also is green and environment-friendly, and has important significance for the development of the breeding industry.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A microbial fermentation feed for feeding two-end black pigs is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of bean dregs, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 15-25 parts of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 part of salt, 0.05-0.1 part of graphene quantum dots, 1-3 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine composition and 1-3 parts of a compound microbial agent;
the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components: rosa roxburghii root, poncirus trifoliate, shepherd's purse, lindera communis seed, sea buckthorn, jin Lao folium mume, prinsepia utilis royle, litsea cubeba, thyme, black sesame, rhizoma atractylodis, dried orange peel and pine needle; the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains: bacillus subtilis, streptococcus faecalis, lactobacillus and lactococcus lactis;
the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of roxburgh rose root, 3-5 parts of trifoliate orange, 1-3 parts of shepherd's purse, 0.5-1 part of aucklandia root, 1-3 parts of sea buckthorn, 3-6 parts of Jin Lao plum leaf, 1-3 parts of prinsepia utilis royle tip, 0.5-1 part of litsea cubeba, 0.5-1 part of thyme, 5-8 parts of black sesame, 1-2 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 3-5 parts of dried orange peel and 3-5 parts of pine needle;
the compound microbial agent comprises the following strains in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of streptococcus faecalis, 3-8 parts of lactobacillus and 3-8 parts of lactococcus lactis;
the preparation method of the microbial fermented feed for feeding two-head black pigs comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to the dosage, soaking the components in water with the volume of 8-10 times of that of the components, then extracting the components with water, filtering the extract, and respectively collecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and filter residue;
step 2: adding the compound microbial agent, bean dregs, rice bran, corn flour and salt into the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the component dosage, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 2-10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: adding filter residues and graphene quantum dots into the fermentation product for embedding, drying and granulating to obtain a microbial fermentation feed product;
the water body of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: boiling the soaked Chinese medicinal materials for 1-2 hr with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 1-2 hr, filtering, and collecting the Chinese medicinal liquid and the residue respectively;
and (3) before using the filter residue in the step 3, frying and grinding the filter residue into powder.
2. The preparation method of the microbial fermented feed for feeding the two-head black pigs according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the traditional Chinese medicine composition according to the dosage, soaking the components in water with the volume of 8-10 times of that of the components, then extracting the components with water, filtering the extract, and respectively collecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid and filter residue;
step 2: adding the compound microbial agent, bean dregs, rice bran, corn flour and salt into the traditional Chinese medicine liquid according to the component dosage, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 2-10 days to obtain a fermentation product;
and step 3: adding filter residues and graphene quantum dots into the fermentation product for embedding, drying and granulating to obtain a microbial fermentation feed product;
the water body of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps: boiling the soaked Chinese medicinal materials for 1-2 hr with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 1-2 hr, filtering, and collecting the Chinese medicinal liquid and the residue respectively;
and (3) before using the filter residue in the step 3, frying and grinding the filter residue into powder.
3. The method for preparing the microbial fermented feed for feeding the two-head black pigs according to claim 2, wherein the sealed fermentation temperature is 22-25 ℃.
4. The method of producing the microbial fermented feed for feeding two-head black-pig according to claim 2, wherein the water content of the mixed raw materials is ensured to be 50 to 70% before the sealing fermentation.
5. A microbial fermented feed product for feeding black pigs prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 4.
6. The use of the microbial fermented feed for feeding two-head black pigs according to claim 1, wherein the feed is applied to feeding of different types of two-head black pigs, wherein piglets adopt free feeding and have less frequent addition; the feeding amount of the pork pigs in the fattening period is 1.0-2.5 kg/day; the feeding amount of the pregnant sow is 1.5-2.2 kg/day; the feeding amount of the nursing sow is 3.0-3.5 kg/day; the feeding amount of the breeding boar is 2.0-2.5 kg/day.
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