CN112741023B - A device for catching and killing larvae of Apis brunicus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for catching and killing the larvae of Apis brunicus. The device comprises a larva collecting box with an upper opening. The opening of the collection larvae box is connected to the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive so that the larvae of Apis brunicus can fall into the described collection larvae box from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive when they climb outwards. And apply chemicals or water at the bottom of the box for collecting larvae to kill the larvae.

Description

A device for catching and killing larvae of Steiner's honey bee Braconidae

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method for catching and killing Steinernema apis, in particular to a device and a method for catching and killing Steinernema apis at the larval stage.

Background Art

The Chinese honey bee (Apis cerana cerana Fabricius, referred to as the Chinese honey bee) is a bee genetic resource unique to my country and has been included in the national livestock and poultry genetic resource protection list. Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp is currently the most important parasitic wasp disease that harms the Chinese honey bee. Its larvae harm the adult bees in the Chinese honey bee colony. Syntretomorpha szaboi Papp is mainly distributed in the Oriental region. It was discovered in Guizhou, my country in 1973 (identified as Apis cerana Fabricius at the time). So far, there have been reports of damage in Guizhou, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan and Taiwan, China. The parasitic rate of this parasitic wasp in the worker bees in the bee colony can reach about 20%, seriously affecting the development of the Chinese honey bee industry.

Regardless of the strength of the Chinese honey bee colony, it will be parasitized by Apis sternii, and the parasitism rate is higher in colonies with more young bees. The spread of Apis sternii mainly includes the migration of adults, the transfer of colonies, and the exchange of beehives. At present, the bee breeding in my country is mainly based on moving to other places to "chase flowers and grab honey". The mobility of bee colonies is very strong, and this parasitic bee is not included in the scope of bee inspection and quarantine. If it is not prevented and controlled, the Chinese bees in the entire Chinese bee area in my country will be spread and harmed, which will inevitably cause immeasurable losses.

The genus Syntretomorpha belongs to the subfamily Eubrinae of the family Braconidae in the order Hymenoptera. This genus has relatively few species, and only one species has been recorded in China, namely, Sternberg's Bee. Sternberg's Bee develops through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult bee. It develops in the abdominal cavity of the natural host, the Chinese honey bee, through the egg and larval stages (Figure 1). When the larvae mature, they drill out of the body of the worker bee to pupate (Figures 2 and 3), and eventually develop into adult bees. After mating, they lay eggs in the abdomen of the Chinese honey bee worker bee to reproduce offspring. Sternberg's Bee has about three generations a year, overwintering as pupae, and the period of harming Chinese honey bees mainly occurs from April to October. After mating, the female Sternberg's Bee moves inside and outside the bee colony, looking for a suitable Chinese honey bee worker bee host. Once the target is found, it immediately follows, attacks and lays eggs. The female bee of the Steinmeri honey bee braconid uses an ovipositor to pierce the intersegmental membrane between the 2nd and 3rd segments of the abdomen of the worker bee. Each bee lays one egg (occasionally two eggs), which hatches into larvae. The larvae feed on the body fluids of the worker bee. When the larvae mature, they bite through the body wall of the bee's abdomen and crawl out (Figure 4). They then quickly find a suitable gap, crack in the stone or in the soil at the bottom of the beehive to pupate (Figure 5), and then emerge as an adult bee and leave the hive. The egg to larval stage of the first and second generations of the Steinmeri honey bee braconid lasts 36 to 39 days, the period from cocooning to emergence is 11 to 13 days, and the life span of the adult bee is more than 30 days. The pupal stage of the third generation is the longest, and they will leave the hive from October to April of the following year. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of parasitism in Chinese bees, and they can work normally, but the amount of pollen and nectar they carry will decrease. When the larvae of A. sternii mature, a large number of parasitized worker bees can be seen leaving the spleen, lying on the bottom of the box, the inner wall of the box or the steps of the nest door (Figures 6, 7, 8), etc. The abdomen of the parasitized worker bees is slightly larger, and they have lost the ability to fly. The stinger cannot be retracted and does not sting. After dissection, the larvae of A. sternii can be clearly seen in the abdomen (Figures 9, 10). The parasitized worker bees will be driven out of the hive by other worker bees due to abnormal conditions, but most of them often gather at the entrance or bottom of the beehive. These worker bees parasitized by braconids will be fed by other worker bees and survive near the hive entrance or bottom, waiting for the larvae of the Steinernema braconid to mature and crawl out, and the parasitized Chinese honey bees will die; some worker bees parasitized by braconids will live outside the hive, but because bees live in groups, if they do not return to the hive, they will die due to lack of food. In this way, most of the larvae of the Steinernema braconid will not be able to pupate due to immaturity and eventually die. The colony strength of the bee colony harmed by the Steinernema braconid will drop sharply, and the mood for collecting will decline, which will seriously affect the reproduction and honey collection of the Chinese honey bee colony.

At present, there is no effective prevention and control measure for the Steinmeria serrata. Infected bee colonies are generally destroyed to prevent further spread. At the same time, in the breeding and management process, the beehives and the soil at the bottom of the hives are thoroughly cleaned before the end of April every year to remove the overwintering pupae of the Steinmeria serrata, the beehives are cleaned regularly to reduce the survival rate of the pupae of the Steinmeria serrata, the adult bees of the Steinmeria serrata are killed in time, and the inactive worker bees lying at the nest entrance are scalded to death with boiling water, etc. to prevent and reduce the harm of the Steinmeria serrata. However, these methods have the following problems: destroying the bee colony will cause great losses to beekeepers and are not easy to promote; Chinese honey bees are mostly raised in mountainous areas, and bee colonies are mostly placed among rocks and weeds. The cocoons of Apis strobilacea mostly hide in the rocks and weeds near the beehive to pupate, which is difficult to clean and troublesome; the cocoons of Apis strobilacea are very similar to the cocoons of Ae. wax moth that parasitizes the large and small wax moths in the beehive, which is easy to kill the beneficial Ae. wax moth together, increasing the chance of harm to the bee colony; scalding the inactive worker bees lying at the nest entrance with boiling water kills some of the worker bees parasitizing Apis strobilacea, but also kills the guard bees, collecting bees, fanning bees, stinking bees or swarming hot bee groups, greatly reducing the strength of the bee colony.

There are not many relevant literatures at home and abroad on the research of the control technology of Stein's honey bee cocoon. In Chinese Patent 201810873348X, a method is disclosed that the behavior of Stein's honey bee cocoon parasitized in the body of Chinese honey bee worker bees changes, and the worker bees that are parasitized by Stein's honey bee cocoon are separated from the bee colony regularly, and these worker bees are killed at the same time, so that the Stein's honey bee cocoon in the body cannot mature and cannot pupate, cutting off the generation of breeding, and finally achieving the purpose of reducing the survival of Stein's honey bee cocoon. However, this method is more complicated and takes a long time to control. Each time the bees are shaken outside the beehive, they will interfere with the life of the bee colony, especially during the high incidence period of cocoons, the outside world is in July and August with higher temperatures. Most of the bee colonies are in the summer period, and the internal young have been broken. Such large-scale shaking of the bee colony in front of the beehive door is easy to cause other problems such as the flight of the bee colony, which is very likely to affect the production of the bee colony.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for timely and effectively capturing and killing larvae of Steinernema apis.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented as follows: a device for catching and killing larvae of Steinernema honey bee braconid, characterized in that it includes a larvae collecting box with an upper opening, the larvae collecting box has a certain depth and is smooth, the larvae collecting box is arranged at the lower part of the beehive, and the opening of the larvae collecting box is connected to the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive so that the larvae of Steinernema honey bee braconid can fall into the larvae collecting box from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive when crawling outward.

The above-mentioned device of the present invention makes full use of the living habits of the Steinernema braconid wasp, taking advantage of the fact that the larvae need to leave the bee colony to a safe place for pupation in the larval stage. The above-mentioned larvae collecting box is arranged in the process of the larvae crawling out of the beehive to intercept and collect the larvae of the Steinernema braconid wasp, and contact-killing chemicals can be applied in the larvae collecting box to prevent the larvae of the Steinernema braconid wasp from pupating and forming cocoons.

Furthermore, the opening area of the larvae collecting box is larger than the bottom plate area of the beehive, and a supporting device is provided in the larvae collecting box, and the beehive can be placed in the larvae collecting box and supported on the supporting device.

Preferably, the larvae collecting box is strip-shaped and the rear wall is connected to the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, the front wall is separated from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, and the left wall and the right wall are provided with connecting parts that can be connected to the beehive, and the connecting parts can serve as blocking sheets to prevent bees from crawling backwards.

In order to further collect the larvae of Steinernema apis, the connecting piece is a side baffle, one end of which is connected to the left wall or the right wall of the larvae collecting box, and the other end is connected to the body of the beehive.

Preferably, the wall of the larvae collecting box which is separated from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive is 8-15 cm away from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive.

Furthermore, a bee escape device is provided in the larvae collecting box at a distance of 2-4 cm from the bottom wall.

Preferably, the bee escape device is a grille arranged in the larvae collecting box, the holes on the grille are elongated holes, and the short side width of the elongated holes is 2-3.5 mm.

A method for collecting and killing larvae of Steinernema apis, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Place the larvae collection box.

When many dormant worker bees without stinging needles appear at the beehive nest door, the larvae collecting box is placed at the lower part of the beehive and fixed in front of the beehive nest door to ensure that any falling objects can be caught under the beehive pedal;

Step 2: Biologics

Water, quicklime, soil mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis or Chinese medicine powder can be placed in the larvae collection box to prevent the survival of the larvae of the Steinernema honey bee braconida; the Chinese medicine powder is prepared by mixing 3-5 parts of pepper, 1-5 parts of ginger, 20-30 parts of Artemisia annua, 20-30 parts of Chinaberry, 1-3 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 1-3 parts of camphor bark, 3-5 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii and 20-30 parts of tobacco leaves;

Step 3: Placement Time

You can choose to kill the larvae during the peak period of the occurrence of Steinernema's honey bee braconid larvae. In order to prevent more larvae of Steinernema's honey bee braconid larvae from surviving, you can choose to place them from April to October every year, and kill them at the same time in all the surrounding apiaries.

If water is added to the larvae collection box, it is necessary to ensure that the water in the larvae collection box does not dry up.

If the larvae collection box is placed with quicklime, soil mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis, or Chinese medicinal powder, it should be replaced once a week.

Beneficial effects:

The purpose of the present invention is to kill the Steinmeri honey bee braconid and reduce its persecution of Chinese honey bees. The inventor has fully studied the habits of the Steinmeri honey bee braconid and selected the stage in which it can be basically eliminated and does not affect the Chinese honey bee for collection and killing. This stage is the stage in which the Steinmeri honey bee braconid develops from eggs to larvae but has not yet pupated. Although it has already affected the Chinese honey bee in the egg stage, after it develops into a larva, it can be collected and collectively killed by using its characteristics of crawling to find a place to pupate after biting the body of the Chinese honey bee and drilling out from the abdomen, so as to achieve the effect of basically killing the Steinmeri honey bee braconid completely and avoid it from persecuting the Chinese honey bee after it survives.

Specifically, there are two different life cycles for the Steinmer honey bee: one is the parasitic period in the abdominal cavity of the Chinese bee, and the other is the external life period. The body of the Chinese bee worker is a natural barrier for the Steinmer honey bee. On the one hand, bees and humans cannot remove the eggs or larvae of the Steinmer honey bee, and on the other hand, it also blocks the penetration of chemical drugs and prevents them from exerting their efficacy. The Steinmer honey bee also has two periods of life outside the bee's body. One is the pupation period in different places such as grass, stone cracks or soil at the bottom of the beehive, and the other is the mating and egg-laying period inside and outside the beehive after developing into an adult bee. Because the Steinmer honey bee loves to drill cracks and the location is not fixed when pupating, and there is a layer of protective cocoon outside, it is impossible to completely remove and use drugs manually. The adult bees of the Steinmer honey bee fly inside and outside the beehive, so it is extremely difficult to catch and kill. In addition, the Steinmer honey bee and the Chinese bee are both Hymenoptera insects, and trapping or using drugs on their adult bees will seriously affect the Chinese bee. However, after the larvae of Stein's honey bee braconid mature, they will bite through the bee body wall, drill out from the abdomen, and crawl to the bottom of the beehive to find a suitable place to pupate. This is the only time when the eggs, larvae and pupae of Stein's honey bee braconid are exposed to the outside in three periods, and it is also a special period to leave the bee colony to form cocoons. At the same time, the larvae also have special requirements for the place of pupation, which is generally a safe place that other organisms such as honey bees are not easily directly contacted. Because the ability of the braconid larvae to climb out of the honey bee body is very weak, they will fall down by the pedal side of the beehive directly climbing to the beehive at the entrance of the honeycomb, and drill into the soil, grass, stone and other places to pupate; if the beehive is complete and seamless inside the beehive, the larvae will crawl at the bottom of the box until they crawl out of the nest door and drill into the place of pupation; the whole process of searching for the place of pupation takes about 10 minutes. Therefore, the present invention arranges an interception device at the place where the Stein's honey bee braconid larvae go to pupate, and applies contact killing chemicals in its device to prevent the Stein's honey bee braconid larvae from pupating and forming cocoons. The effect of basically completely collecting and killing the Steinmeri honey bee wasp is achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows the intraperitoneal development of a worker bee, the natural host of Apis cerana, through the egg and larval stages;

Figure 2-3 shows the mature larvae of the Steinmeri bee braconid emerging from the body of a worker bee to pupate;

Figure 4 shows that after the larvae of the Steinmeris apis have grown to maturity, they bite through the body wall of the Chinese bee's abdomen and crawl out;

Figure 5 shows that the Braconidae sternii crawls out of the bottom of the box to find a suitable place such as a crack, a stone crevices or the soil to pupate;

Figures 6-8 show a large number of parasitized worker bees leaving the comb, lying on the bottom of the box, the inner wall of the box or the pedal of the nest door with their six legs tightly closed;

Figures 9-10 show that after the Chinese bee was dissected, the larvae of the Braconidae sternii were clearly visible in the abdomen;

FIG11 is a structural diagram of a device for catching and killing larvae of the Steinernema apis;

FIG12 is a diagram showing the use status of the device 1;

FIG13 is a structural diagram of a second device for catching and killing larvae of the Steinernema apis;

FIG14 is a diagram showing the use status of the second device;

Figure 15 shows that there are as many as 119 worker bees dormant at the entrance of the beehive;

16-20 show the larvae of Braconidae striata falling into the device after using the device of the present invention; the device is filled with water, quicklime, soil mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis or Chinese medicine powder.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any improvement or substitution based on the basic spirit of the present embodiment still falls within the scope of protection required by the claims of the present invention.

Embodiment: As shown in Figures 1-20, the present invention provides a device and method for collecting and killing Apis sternii. Specifically, it is a device and method for collecting and killing the larval stage of Apis sternii.

The device of this embodiment is a larvae collecting box 100, which is used in conjunction with a beehive to collect the larvae of the Steinernema braconidia crawling out of the beehive. Contact killing chemicals are applied to the bottom of the larvae collecting box to prevent the larvae of the Steinernema braconidia from pupating and forming cocoons, thereby collecting and killing the larvae of the Steinernema braconidia.

Specifically, the larvae collecting box is in the shape of a box with an upper opening and has a certain depth and smoothness. The depth of the box is designed to ensure that the larvae can fall into it and cannot crawl out, and suitable chemicals or water need to be applied in the box.

The opening of the larvae collecting box must be able to cover the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, so as to ensure that the larvae crawling out of the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive can fall into the box body. In this embodiment, two implementation methods are provided.

The first type is shown in Figures 11 and 12. The opening area of the larvae collecting box is larger than the area of the bottom plate of the beehive. A support device is provided in the larvae collecting box. The support device 103 is provided in the middle of the larvae collecting box at a certain distance from the bottom surface of the box, and the beehive can be placed on the support device. The side wall of the larvae collecting box is at a certain distance from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, so that all larvae crawling out of the beehive will fall into the larvae collecting box. Chemicals or water are provided below the support device to ensure that the larvae falling into it are killed.

The opening shape of the larvae collecting box is consistent with the shape of the bottom plate of the beehive, and each side wall of the larvae collecting box is spaced from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, and the spacing is about 10 cm. The depth of the larvae collecting box is 10 cm, and the supporting device is arranged at a position 5 cm away from the bottom surface of the box body, and water or chemicals are applied at a distance of 3 cm or below from the box body.

Wherein, the supporting device may be a supporting plate arranged on the inner side wall of the box body, or may be a supporting net arranged in the middle of the box body.

The second type is shown in Figures 13 and 14. The larvae collecting box is strip-shaped and the rear wall is connected to the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, the front wall is separated from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive, and the left and right walls are provided with connectors that can be connected to the beehive.

The connecting piece is also used as a side baffle 101. The larvae collecting box is used in conjunction with the beehive, and the larvae collecting box is arranged in front of the nest door of the beehive so that the rear wall of the box body contacts the bottom plate at the nest door of the beehive. One end of the side baffle is connected to the left wall or the right wall of the box body, and the other end is connected to the body of the beehive. The side baffle and the rear wall are both provided with retaining edges, and the retaining edges are used to connect and fix the box body to the beehive with thumbtacks or the like. The rear wall of the larvae collecting box is provided with a mounting hole for installing a crossbar arranged at the bottom of the beehive bottom plate, so that the rear wall of the larvae collecting box fits tightly with the edge of the beehive bottom plate.

The wall of the larvae collecting box separated from the edge of the beehive bottom plate is 8-15cm away from the edge of the beehive bottom plate, which can be selected but not limited to 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm or 15cm. In this embodiment, the front wall of the box body is 12cm away from the edge of the beehive bottom plate (at the nest door). The length of the larvae collecting box is slightly larger than the length of the beehive bottom plate to facilitate the setting of the retaining edge. The depth of the box body is 7cm, and a bee escape device is provided in the box body at 3cm from the bottom wall, and the escape device is higher than the chemicals or water applied in the box body. The bee escape device in this embodiment is a grille 102 provided in the larvae collecting box, and the holes on the grille are elongated holes, and the short side width of the elongated holes is 2-3.5mm, which can be selected but not limited to 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm or 3.5mm.

Because the larvae of the Steinernema honey bee braconid basically crawl out of the hive nest door, the second type of larvae collection box can be installed at the hive nest door to collect and kill the larvae that crawl out here. Of course, you can also try the second type of larvae collection box around the bottom plate of the beehive, or you can directly use the first type of larvae collection box.

In addition, a grid is arranged in the box body of the larvae collecting box, so that even if bees accidentally fall into the box body, they will not fall into the chemicals or water, but will directly fall onto the grid and can fly out to escape.

In addition, this embodiment also provides a method for collecting and killing the larvae of the Steinernema apis, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Place the larvae collection box

When many dormant worker bees without stinging needles appear at the beehive nest door, the larvae collecting box is placed at the lower part of the beehive and fixed in front of the beehive nest door to ensure that any falling objects can be caught under the beehive pedal;

Step 2: Adding biological agents

Water, quicklime, soil mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis or Chinese medicine powder can be placed in the larvae collection box to prevent the survival of the larvae of Steinernema honey bee;

The Chinese medicine powder is prepared by mixing 3-5 parts of pepper, 1-5 parts of ginger, 20-30 parts of Artemisia annua, 20-30 parts of Chinaberry, 1-3 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, 1-3 parts of camphor bark, 3-5 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii, and 20-30 parts of tobacco leaves, calculated by weight;

Step 3: Installation time

You can choose to kill the larvae during the peak period of the occurrence of Steinernema's honey bee braconid larvae. In order to prevent more larvae of Steinernema's honey bee braconid larvae from surviving, you can choose to place them from April to October every year, and kill them at the same time in all the surrounding apiaries.

In addition, if water is added to the larvae collection box, it is necessary to ensure that the water in the larvae collection box does not dry up. If quicklime, soil mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis, or Chinese medicine powder is placed in the larvae collection box, it should be replaced once a week.

In a specific implementation process, the usage was as follows: In August 2019, during the peak period of larvae of A. sternii in Chongqing, there were as many as 119 worker bees dormant at the entrance of the beehive (Figure 15). We chose to place larvae collection boxes at the nest entrances with an average of more than 10 bees. Each box collected 5.17+3.73 larvae of A. sternii every day. See Table 1 and Figures 16-20 for details.

Table 1 Number of larvae of Steinernema apis collected in larval boxes Unit:

Claims (4)

1. A device for catching and killing larvae of Steinernema honey bee braconids, characterized in that: it comprises a larvae collecting box with an upper opening, the larvae collecting box has a certain depth and a smooth surface, the larvae collecting box is arranged at the lower part of the beehive, and the opening of the larvae collecting box is connected to the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive so that the larvae of Steinernema honey bee braconids can fall into the larvae collecting box from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive when crawling outward; the opening area of the larvae collecting box is larger than the bottom plate area of the beehive, the opening shape of the larvae collecting box is consistent with the shape of the bottom plate of the beehive, and each side wall of the larvae collecting box is spaced from the edge of the bottom plate of the beehive; a supporting device is arranged in the larvae collecting box, and the beehive can be placed in the larvae collecting box and supported on the supporting device. 2. The device for catching and killing the larvae of Steinernema apis as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the wall of the larvae collecting box separated from the edge of the beehive bottom plate is 8-15 cm away from the edge of the beehive bottom plate. 3. The device for catching and killing the larvae of Steinernema as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the depth of the larvae collecting box is 5-10 cm, and a bee escape device is provided in the larvae collecting box at a distance of 2-4 cm from the bottom wall. 4. The device for catching and killing larvae of Steinernema honey bee as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the bee escape device is a grille arranged in the larvae collecting box, the holes on the grille are long holes, and the short side width of the long holes is 2-3.5 mm.

Images