CN112737287B - A DC low-side drive switch circuit with short-circuit and overload protection functions - Google Patents
A DC low-side drive switch circuit with short-circuit and overload protection functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN112737287B CN112737287B CN202110023307.3A CN202110023307A CN112737287B CN 112737287 B CN112737287 B CN 112737287B CN 202110023307 A CN202110023307 A CN 202110023307A CN 112737287 B CN112737287 B CN 112737287B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current low side driving switch circuit with short circuit and overload protection function, which relates to the technical field of direct current low side driving, and realizes the opening of a control circuit by a short circuit protection detection circuit, so that the driving circuit is completely opened, the control circuit realizes no signal driving when a switch signal is input into a low level, the driving circuit of the driving circuit is disconnected, the switch closing function is realized, after an external load circuit is short-circuited, the short circuit protection detection circuit cuts off the control circuit, and then the driving circuit is turned off, thereby realizing the protection purpose, when the external load circuit is overloaded, an overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit transmits overload information to the control circuit, the turn-off of the driving circuit is realized, the protection purpose is realized, the short circuit protection of an output end and a power end is realized, the overload protection when the overload of the driving current is overloaded is eliminated, and the switch function can be restored after the output short circuit or overload failure is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct-current low-side driving, in particular to a direct-current low-side driving switch circuit with short circuit and overload protection functions.
Background
At present, many applications in modern automotive electronic circuits use high-side and low-side switches as driving outputs, and the driving outputs are operated in complex automotive electronic and electric systems, so that output overload or short circuit conditions are extremely easy to occur, and the automotive electronic and electric systems generate irreversible operation failure. Although some semiconductor companies now also push driver ICs with short-circuit protection, these driver ICs are extremely expensive in application, causing significant cost overhead in applications with cost constraints.
Therefore, how to solve the above problems is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks and shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a dc low-side driving switch circuit with short-circuit and overload protection functions, which can realize short-circuit protection for the output terminal and the power supply terminal, and overload protection for the driving current when overload occurs, and can restore the switching function after the short-circuit or overload failure of the circuit output is eliminated, and after the circuit parameters are determined, the circuit operation is free from debugging, and the circuit cost is low compared with a short-circuit protection driving IC.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A DC low-side drive switch circuit with short circuit and overload protection functions comprises a starting circuit, a control circuit, an overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit, a protection circuit, a short circuit protection detection circuit, a drive circuit and a load circuit;
the starting circuit is connected with the control circuit, the starting circuit is connected with the driving circuit, and the load circuit is connected with the driving circuit;
the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit is connected with the driving circuit, and the short-circuit protection detection circuit is connected with the driving circuit, the control circuit and the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit;
The starting circuit receives the input of a switching signal to start driving output, the short-circuit protection detection circuit positively feeds back the driving output state to the control circuit, the control circuit is started, and the driving circuit is started accordingly;
When the switch signal is input to a low level, the control circuit is not driven by a signal, and the driving loop is disconnected;
When the driving circuit drives, the driving output rises after the load circuit is in short circuit;
When the voltage drops to a short-circuit protection threshold, the short-circuit protection detection circuit cuts off the control circuit, and the driving circuit is cut off;
When the load circuit is overloaded, the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit transmits overload information to the control circuit to cut off the control circuit, and the driving circuit is disconnected.
In the scheme, after the starting circuit receives the input of a switching signal, the starting circuit starts driving output, the output state is positively fed back to the control circuit through the short-circuit protection detection circuit to realize the opening of the control circuit, so that the driving circuit is completely opened, when the input of the switching signal is in a low level (ground level), the control circuit realizes no-signal driving, a driving loop of the driving circuit is disconnected, the switching off function is realized, when the driving circuit drives, the driving output rises sharply after the external load circuit is short-circuited, when the voltage drops to a short-circuit protection threshold, the short-circuit protection detection circuit cuts off the control circuit, and then the driving circuit is turned off, the protection purpose is realized, and when the external load circuit is overloaded, the overload protection threshold feedback circuit transmits overload information to the control circuit to cut off, so that the driving circuit is turned off, and the protection purpose is realized.
It should be noted that the switching signal is a control (excitation) signal of the switch of the driving circuit, which may be a normal switching value or a continuous pulse signal, and the protection circuit is mainly used for absorbing parasitic energy of the loop, such as an overvoltage or negative pulse signal generated in the circuit, and the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit is composed of two circuits, specifically, an overload detection circuit for detecting the load current of the switch and a feedback circuit for transmitting the detected overload information to the control circuit, which jointly acts to control the overload protection of the switch driving circuit in real time.
The starting circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor, the control circuit comprises a first triode, the first triode is a PNP triode, the short-circuit protection detection circuit comprises a first voltage-stabilizing diode and a third resistor, the driving circuit comprises a second diode, and the second diode is an NPN triode;
The two ends of the first resistor and the two ends of the first capacitor are respectively connected with the emitter and the collector of the first triode, and the second resistor is connected in series between the collector of the first triode and the base of the second diode;
the base electrode of the first triode is sequentially connected with the third resistor, the first zener diode and the collector electrode of the second diode;
The emitter of the first triode inputs a switching signal, and the collector of the second triode outputs a switching output.
Preferably, the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit comprises a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a third triode, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor and a fourth triode;
The third triode is an NPN triode, and the fourth triode is a PNP triode;
a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor are connected in series between the emitter of the second diode and the base of the third triode;
The ninth resistor is arranged between the collector electrode of the third triode and the base electrode of the fourth triode, and two ends of the tenth resistor are respectively connected with the emitter electrode and the base electrode of the fourth triode;
And a unidirectional conduction device is connected in series between the collector electrode of the fourth triode and the base electrode of the first triode.
Preferably, the unidirectional conductive device is a diode, the positive electrode of the diode is connected with the collector electrode of the fourth triode, and the negative electrode of the diode is connected with the third resistor and the base electrode of the first triode.
Preferably, the emitter of the second triode is further connected with one end of the fourth resistor, and the other end of the fourth resistor is grounded and forms an overload detection circuit.
Further, the positive pole of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected with a second diode, the collector electrode of the second triode is connected with the positive pole of the second diode and the positive pole of the first voltage stabilizing diode, the negative pole of the second diode is connected with a switch load, one end of the switch load is respectively connected with the emitter electrode of the fourth triode and the negative pole of the second diode, and the other end of the switch load is connected with the second voltage stabilizing diode.
Preferably, the emitter of the third triode is grounded.
Preferably, the positive electrode of the second zener diode is grounded, the negative electrode of the second zener diode is connected with the output of the switch, and the positive electrode of the second diode inputs a high level.
Alternatively, the second zener diode may be replaced with a transient voltage suppression diode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
The direct current low-side driving switch circuit with the short circuit and overload protection functions has overload protection capability, overcomes the strategy that an output end has to be protected against a ground short circuit, can be applied to various loads, has adjustable protection threshold voltage and realizes different overload protection requirements, and by using a two-stage control circuit, the switch starting is realized quickly, the problem that the electronic switch driving circuit has no output protection function and accidents caused by the short circuit of a load circuit are avoided, so that the use safety of an electric appliance system is improved, and the circuit has a practical effect on the application with low integration level and cost requirements.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an example," or "in an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the illustrations are not necessarily drawn to scale. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in figure 1, the direct current low side driving switch circuit with short circuit and overload protection functions comprises a starting circuit, a control circuit, an overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit, a protection circuit, a short circuit protection detection circuit, a driving circuit and a load circuit, wherein the control circuit is mainly used for driving to start, keep and switch off, the load circuit is mainly energy consumption and mainly is a circuit or a device for realizing specific actions, the starting circuit is connected with the control circuit, the starting circuit is connected with the driving circuit, the load circuit is connected with the driving circuit, the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit is connected with the driving circuit, the short circuit protection detection circuit is connected with the driving circuit, the control circuit and the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit, the protection circuit is connected with the overload protection detection threshold feedback circuit, the short circuit protection detection circuit and the driving circuit, the output protection is realized when the output end voltage is suddenly increased to realize the short circuit protection of a power supply or the output end voltage caused by other reasons, the short circuit protection detection circuit is input into the starting circuit to start the driving output by a switch signal, the short circuit protection detection circuit is carried out to the control circuit, the driving circuit is started when a switch signal is input into the low circuit, the control circuit is connected with the load circuit, the control circuit is disconnected, the overload protection threshold feedback circuit is controlled to be disconnected when the driving circuit is in a short circuit is disconnected, the overload protection threshold is detected, the overload protection circuit is detected, the overload protection is detected, and the output is detected when the overload protection is detected when the voltage is suddenly increased, the starting circuit starts the driving output, the output state is positively fed back to the control circuit through the short-circuit protection detection circuit to realize the opening of the control circuit, so that the driving circuit is completely opened, when the switching signal is input to be in a low level (ground level), the control circuit realizes no-signal driving, the driving circuit of the driving circuit is disconnected, the switching off function is realized, when the driving circuit is driven, the driving output rises sharply after the external load circuit is in short circuit, when the voltage is reduced to a short-circuit protection threshold, the short-circuit protection detection circuit cuts off the control circuit, and then the driving circuit is cut off, the protection purpose is realized, and when the external load circuit is overloaded, the overload protection threshold feedback circuit transmits overload information to the control circuit, so that the control circuit is cut off, and the shutdown of the driving circuit is realized, and the protection purpose is realized.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the starting circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a first capacitor C1, the control circuit includes a first triode Q1, the first triode Q1 is a PNP triode, the short-circuit protection detection circuit includes a first zener diode DZ1 and a third resistor R3, the driving circuit includes a second triode Q2, the second triode Q2 is an NPN triode, two ends of the first resistor R1 and two ends of the first capacitor C1 are respectively connected with an emitter and a collector of the first triode Q1, a second resistor R2 is connected in series between a collector of the first triode Q1 and a base of the second triode Q2, the base of the first triode Q1 is sequentially connected with a third resistor R3, the collectors of the first zener diode DZ1 and the second triode Q2, the emitter of the first triode Q1 inputs a switching signal, and the collector of the second triode Q2 outputs a switching signal.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the overload protection threshold feedback circuit includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a third triode Q3, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10 and a fourth triode Q4, wherein the third triode Q3 is an NPN triode, the fourth triode Q4 is a PNP triode, a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6 are connected in series between an emitter of the second triode Q2 and a base of the third triode Q3, a ninth resistor R9 is arranged between a collector of the third triode Q3 and a base of the fourth triode Q4, two ends of the tenth resistor R10 are respectively connected with an emitter and a base of the fourth triode Q4, and a unidirectional conduction device is also connected in series between a collector of the fourth triode Q4 and a base of the first triode Q1.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the unidirectional conduction device is a first diode D1, the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the collector of the fourth triode Q4, and the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the third resistor R3 and the base of the first triode Q1.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, as shown in the figure, the emitter of the second triode Q2 is further connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is grounded and constitutes an overload detection circuit.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the positive electrode of the first zener diode DZ1 is connected with the second diode D2, the collector of the second triode Q2 is connected with the positive electrode of the second diode D2 and the positive electrode DZ1 of the first zener diode, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected with the switch load RL, one end of the switch load RL is connected with the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 and the negative electrode of the second diode D2 respectively, and the other end is connected with the second zener diode DZ2.
As a preference of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the emitter of the third transistor Q3 is grounded.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2, the positive electrode of the second zener diode DZ2 is grounded, the negative electrode of the second zener diode DZ2 is connected with the switch input output, and the positive electrode of the second diode DZ2 is input with a high level.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2, the second zener diode may be replaced with a transient voltage suppression diode TVS.
The working process comprises the following steps:
As shown in fig. 2:
During normal operation, when Input is inputted with high Input/output level (VCC), the high Input level passes through the first capacitor C1, the second resistor R2, the second triode Q2 and the fourth resistor R4 to the ground, so that the base electrode of the second triode Q2 generates current, the collector electrode and the emitter electrode of the second triode Q2 are pre-conducted, and during the pre-conduction stage of the second triode Q2, the collector electrode voltage of the second triode Q2 is pulled down, so that the Input high Input level passes through the first triode Q1, the third resistor R3, the first voltage stabilizing diode DZ1, the second triode Q2 and the fourth resistor R4 to the ground, and the base current is generated by the first triode Q1, so that the emitter electrode and the collector electrode of the first triode Q1 are conducted. Through the above process, the second triode Q2 will be driven by the Input high level continuous loading, so that the second triode Q2 is in a conducting state. When the Input high level is cancelled, the base current of the second triode Q2 is deenergized, the second triode Q2 is cut off, and the drive is closed.
When the output end is short-circuited to the power supply or the voltage of the output end is abnormally high, the second triode Q2 is conducted when the low-side switch is opened in the normal working process. When the output end and the power supply VCC are in short circuit, the voltage of the output end of the second triode Q2 rapidly reaches VCC in a short time or the voltage difference of the two ends of the first zener diode DZ1 is smaller than the voltage stabilizing voltage of the first zener diode DZ1 due to the functions of the second triode Q2 and the fourth resistor R4, the base current of the first triode Q1 is in power failure, the first triode Q1 is cut off, and accordingly the base loop current of the second triode Q2 is in power failure, and the output of the second triode Q2 is cut off.
The principle of abnormal rise of the voltage at the output end is the same as that of the first triode Q1, and the voltage at the two ends of the first zener diode DZ1 is mainly increased to be smaller than the voltage stabilized by the first zener diode DZ1, so that the base current of the first triode Q1 is deenergized.
When the output of the second triode Q2 is stopped, the first capacitor C1 discharges through the first resistor R1, and the energy storage of the first capacitor C1 is released, so that the first capacitor C1 can play a role in starting the capacitor again when the second triode Q2 is switched on and off next time.
In addition, the first zener diode DZ1 plays a role in controlling the threshold value of the short-circuit protection threshold voltage, different voltage stabilizing values can be used, and the reaction speed of the short-circuit protection can be adjusted.
When the output circuit is in overload current, the second triode Q2 is conducted when the low-side switch is turned on according to the normal working process. When the output end is overloaded, when the voltage on the fourth resistor R4 is greater than 0.6V, the third triode Q3 is conducted, so that the fourth triode Q4 is conducted, the base voltage of the first triode Q1 is increased, the base current of the first triode Q1 is deenergized, the first triode Q1 is cut off, the base loop current of the second triode Q2 is deenergized, and the second triode Q2 is cut off.
When the output of the second triode Q2 is stopped, the first capacitor C1 discharges through the first resistor R1, and the energy storage of the first capacitor C1 is released, so that the first capacitor C1 can play a role in starting the capacitor again when the second triode Q2 is switched on and off next time.
The magnitude of the overload protection current can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4, namely the load capacity of the regulating switch. The fifth resistor R5, the second capacitor C2 and the sixth resistor R6 form the base electrode drive of the third triode Q3, and the second capacitor C2 mainly plays a role in filtering out the influence of impact current when the second triode Q2 is opened in a circuit, and the impact is mainly the influence of bulb load. Other purely resistive or inductive loads, the capacitor may not be used. When the second capacitor C2 is connected, the protection circuit will delay, and the overload capability time of the second transistor Q2 should be longer than the delay time when the second capacitor C2 is connected.
Furthermore, the second diode D2 in the circuit functions as a discharging freewheel for the inductive load RL.
The first diode D1 in the circuit is used for unidirectional control of the first triode Q1, so that circuit failure caused by reverse current strings of the first triode Q1 is prevented.
The second zener diode DZ2 is mainly used for performing overvoltage protection or negative pulse protection on the second triode Q2 if the output end has an instantaneous high pulse or negative pulse. The high pulse is clamped in the positive direction, and the follow current is performed in the negative direction. The device may be selected as a transient voltage suppression diode TVS device.
In the direct-current low-side driving switch circuit with the short circuit and overload protection functions, related parameters are not explicitly given, and circuit parameters can be adjusted according to requirements, so that the circuit is matched with protection of corresponding power output.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN202110023307.3A CN112737287B (en) | 2021-01-08 | 2021-01-08 | A DC low-side drive switch circuit with short-circuit and overload protection functions |
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| CN112737287B true CN112737287B (en) | 2025-01-28 |
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| CN113595029B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-05-17 | 苏州极目机器人科技有限公司 | Input/output protection circuit |
| CN115988706A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-04-18 | 山西昱贤磁电有限公司 | LED driving circuit and its control method |
| CN118868891B (en) * | 2024-07-17 | 2025-04-01 | 宁波江北博通电子有限公司 | MOS tube high-side output protection circuit, system and device |
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| CN214337789U (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-10-01 | 雅安小航电器有限责任公司 | Direct-current low-side driving switch circuit with short circuit and overload protection functions |
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| CN202219763U (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2012-05-16 | 河南天海科技有限公司 | Low-side driving circuit with secondary turn-off protection capability |
| CN108418572B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2023-11-07 | 雅安小航电器股份有限公司 | Improved driving circuit with short-circuit protection function |
| CN211018790U (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 李浩淼 | Low-side electronic switch circuit |
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Address after: 625000 No. 1 Chuangye Road, Caoba Town, Yucheng District, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province Applicant after: Ya'an Xiaohang Electric Appliances Co.,Ltd. Address before: 625000 Caoba industrial concentration area, Yucheng District, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province Applicant before: YA'AN XIAOHANG ELECTRONIC Co.,Ltd. |
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