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CN112730510B - Liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental device and method - Google Patents

Liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental device and method Download PDF

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CN112730510B
CN112730510B CN202011554663.XA CN202011554663A CN112730510B CN 112730510 B CN112730510 B CN 112730510B CN 202011554663 A CN202011554663 A CN 202011554663A CN 112730510 B CN112730510 B CN 112730510B
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droplet
temperature
liquid nitrogen
radiation heat
cabin
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CN112730510A (en
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王成龙
杨林翼
秦浩
秋穗正
田文喜
苏光辉
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/02Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/18Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity

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Abstract

一种液滴辐射换热实验装置及方法,用于实验研究液滴在低温真空环境下的辐射换热特性,实验装置包括低温环境模拟系统、真空维持系统、液滴挂载系统、温度测量系统和相变观测系统;低温环境模拟系统用于降低试验舱温度,为单液滴辐射换热提供恒定的冷源温度;液滴挂载系统用于根据实验工况要求,挂载不同工质及直径的液滴;温度测量系统用于测量不同实验工况下液滴的温度,从而对液滴换热特性进行分析;相变观测系统用于对液滴在辐射换热过程中存在的相变进行观测,从而对液滴的相变特性进行分析。

Figure 202011554663

An experimental device and method for radiation heat transfer of droplets, which are used to experimentally study the radiation heat transfer characteristics of droplets in a low-temperature vacuum environment. The experimental device includes a low-temperature environment simulation system, a vacuum maintenance system, a droplet mounting system, and a temperature measurement system. and phase change observation system; the low temperature environment simulation system is used to reduce the temperature of the test chamber and provide a constant cold source temperature for single droplet radiation heat transfer; the droplet mounting system is used to mount different working fluids and The diameter of the droplet; the temperature measurement system is used to measure the temperature of the droplet under different experimental conditions, so as to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the droplet; the phase change observation system is used to measure the phase change of the droplet in the process of radiation heat transfer Observations are made to analyze the phase transition characteristics of the droplets.

Figure 202011554663

Description

Liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid drop radiation heat exchange, in particular to a radiation heat exchange experimental device and method for liquid drops in an ultralow-temperature and vacuum environment.
Background
The development of a novel thermal control system is one of the important subjects of spacecraft design and research. In order to overcome the defects that traditional solid surface radiation heat-radiating systems such as a heat pipe type radiator, a loop type radiator and the like are large in mass, low in heat exchange efficiency and required to be protected by an armor, a liquid drop radiator is proposed and widely researched as a light and efficient space heat-exchanging device, a liquid drop radiator converts a heat-exchanging working medium into hundreds of millions of tiny liquid drops to be sprayed out in a piezoelectric ceramic oscillation mode and the like, the tiny liquid drops radiate heat outwards in the process of advancing in space and then are captured by a collector for recycling. At present, a great amount of numerical simulation research is carried out on the radiation heat exchange characteristics of the liquid drop radiator, experimental research is also carried out on the generation and collection of uniform liquid drops, but the experimental research on the radiation heat exchange of the sprayed liquid drops is not carried out yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental device and a liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental method, and provides the experimental device and the method for researching the radiation heat exchange characteristics of liquid drops under the low-temperature vacuum condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental device comprises a low-temperature environment simulation system, a vacuum maintenance system, a liquid drop mounting system, a temperature measurement system and a phase change observation system; the low-temperature environment simulation system is characterized in that the main body of the low-temperature environment simulation system is a cylinder and consists of a cabin cover 7 and a cabin body 8, the cabin body 8 is vacuumized, a coiled pipe 3 is laid on the outer wall of the cabin body 8, liquid nitrogen is contained in the coiled pipe 3 and serves as a coolant, and heat insulation cotton 2 wraps the cabin cover 7, the outer wall of the cabin body 8 and the periphery of the coiled pipe 3; the low-temperature environment simulation system also comprises an air conditioner 5 communicated with the coiled pipe 3, a first valve 12, a second valve 1 and a liquid nitrogen tank 4 which are connected with the air conditioner 5, wherein the liquid nitrogen tank 4 is used for being communicated with the coiled pipe 3; the vacuum maintaining system main body is composed of a vacuum pump 9, the vacuum pump 9 is connected with the cabin body 8 through a pipeline and is used for maintaining a vacuum environment in the cabin body 8; the liquid drop hanging system comprises a fixing support 11, a working medium storage bottle 16, a needle valve 17 and a capillary injection tube 18, wherein the fixing support 11 is arranged in a cabin body 8 and used for fixing a hanging drop thermocouple 6 and preventing the hanging drop thermocouple 6 from shaking to influence hanging drops, the working medium storage bottle 16 is connected with the capillary injection tube 18 through the needle valve 17, the capillary injection tube 18 is inserted into the cabin body 8, the needle valve 17 finely adjusts the flow of the working medium in the capillary injection tube 18, and the capillary injection tube 18 is used for injecting liquid drops and adjusting the diameter of the working medium liquid drops; the temperature measuring system consists of a hanging drop thermocouple 6, a data acquisition unit 13 connected with the hanging drop thermocouple 6 and an infrared camera 14 arranged outside the cylinder; the phase change observation system consists of a high-speed camera 15 arranged outside the cylinder; two side surfaces of the cylinder are provided with observation windows 10 which are respectively used for shooting by an infrared camera 14 and a high-speed camera 15.
The air conditioner 5 filled with liquid nitrogen is adopted to provide low-temperature cooling for the cabin body 8, the liquid nitrogen circulates in the low-temperature environment simulation system in an open mode and is discharged into the atmosphere through the second valve 1, equipment and pipeline arrangement of the low-temperature environment simulation system are simplified, cooling efficiency is improved, and liquid nitrogen loss is effectively reduced compared with the open type circulation without the air conditioner 5.
The cylindrical cabin body 8 and the coiled pipe 3 are made of copper so as to enhance the cooling effect of liquid nitrogen.
The liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline adopts a corrugated stainless steel hose, and a heat insulation layer is attached to the outside of the corrugated stainless steel hose so as to reduce the heat absorption of the liquid nitrogen in the conveying process.
The cabin cover 7 and the inner wall of the cabin body 8 of the cylinder are coated with aviation black paint to build a blackbody environment in the cabin body 8 of the cylinder.
The side glass of the observation window 10 opposite to the infrared camera 14 is made of infrared glass, so that errors of the infrared camera 14 in measuring the temperature change of the liquid drop are reduced.
According to the experimental method of the liquid drop radiation heat exchange experimental device, the air conditioner 5 is opened, the cooling temperature is set, the valve of the liquid nitrogen tank 4 and the first valve 12 and the second valve 1 are opened, the liquid nitrogen enters the gas mixing chamber in the air conditioner 5, enters the coiled pipe 3 for cooling the cabin body 8 after being processed, and the cylindrical cabin body 8 is cooled by utilizing the phase change heat absorption of the liquid nitrogen to form the low-temperature condition in the cylindrical cabin body 8; starting a vacuum pump 9, and starting a test when the temperature and the vacuum degree in the cabin 8 reach set values;
opening a needle valve 17, wherein the working medium flows through the needle valve 17 and a capillary injection tube 18 due to the pressure difference between a working medium storage bottle 16 and a cabin body 8 and then is mounted on a hanging drop thermocouple 6, a high-speed camera 15 records the size change and the phase change process of a liquid drop in the radiation heat transfer process, an infrared camera 14 measures the temperature change of the liquid drop in the radiation heat transfer process, meanwhile, the hanging drop thermocouple 6 also measures the temperature change of the liquid drop in the radiation heat transfer process, and transmits the acquired signal to a data acquisition unit 13 for processing; comparing the data measured by the infrared camera 14 and the hanging drop thermocouple 6 to ensure the accuracy of measurement; when the temperature change of the liquid drop needs to be finely measured, the observation window 10 is closed to make a cold black environment, and the temperature of the liquid drop is measured only by a hanging drop thermocouple.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the low-temperature environment simulation system can effectively reduce the temperature of the test cabin body and create a low-temperature environment, so that the heat radiation heat exchange characteristic of a single liquid drop under a vacuum low-temperature condition can be researched;
2) the high-speed camera is adopted, so that the size change and the phase change process of the liquid drops in the radiation heat transfer process can be recorded, and the evaporation and phase change phenomena in the radiation heat transfer process of the liquid drops can be intuitively understood;
3) the temperature of the liquid drop is measured by combining the hanging drop thermocouple and the infrared camera, and the measurement precision and reliability are high.
4) The needle valve is adopted to inject the liquid drops, so that the injection process of the liquid drops can be accurately controlled, and the liquid drops can be successfully hung on the hanging drop thermocouple.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a droplet radiation heat exchange experimental device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for liquid drop radiative heat exchange of the present invention comprises a low temperature environment simulation system, a vacuum maintaining system, a liquid drop carrying system, a temperature measuring system and a phase change observation system; the low-temperature environment simulation system is characterized in that the main body of the low-temperature environment simulation system is a cylinder and consists of a cabin cover 7 and a cabin body 8, the cabin body 8 is vacuumized, a coiled pipe 3 is laid on the outer wall of the cabin body 8, liquid nitrogen is contained in the coiled pipe 3 and serves as a coolant, and heat insulation cotton 2 wraps the cabin cover 7, the outer wall of the cabin body 8 and the periphery of the coiled pipe 3; the low-temperature environment simulation system also comprises an air conditioner 5 communicated with the coiled pipe 3, a first valve 12, a second valve 1 and a liquid nitrogen tank 4 which are connected with the air conditioner 5, wherein the liquid nitrogen tank 4 is used for being communicated with the coiled pipe 3; the vacuum maintaining system main body is composed of a vacuum pump 9, the vacuum pump 9 is connected with the cabin body 8 through a pipeline and is used for maintaining a vacuum environment in the cabin body 8; the liquid drop hanging system comprises a fixing support 11, a working medium storage bottle 16, a needle valve 17 and a capillary injection tube 18, wherein the fixing support 11 is arranged in a cabin body 8 and used for fixing a hanging drop thermocouple 6 and preventing the hanging drop thermocouple 6 from shaking to influence hanging drops, the working medium storage bottle 16 is connected with the capillary injection tube 18 through the needle valve 17, the capillary injection tube 18 is inserted into the cabin body 8, the needle valve 17 finely adjusts the flow of the working medium in the capillary injection tube 18, and the capillary injection tube 18 is used for injecting liquid drops and adjusting the diameter of the working medium liquid drops; the temperature measuring system consists of a hanging drop thermocouple 6, a data acquisition unit 13 connected with the hanging drop thermocouple 6 and an infrared camera 14 arranged outside the cylinder; the phase change observation system consists of a high-speed camera 15 arranged outside the cylinder; two side surfaces of the cylinder are provided with observation windows 10 which are respectively used for shooting by an infrared camera 14 and a high-speed camera 15.
According to the invention, the air conditioner 5 filled with liquid nitrogen is adopted to provide low-temperature cooling for the cabin body 8, the liquid nitrogen is in open circulation in the low-temperature environment simulation system and is discharged into the atmosphere through the second valve 1, the equipment and pipeline arrangement of the low-temperature environment simulation system are simplified, the cooling efficiency is improved, and the liquid nitrogen loss is effectively reduced compared with the open circulation without adding the air conditioner 5.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, the cylindrical chamber body 8 and the coiled pipe 3 are made of copper, so as to enhance the cooling effect of liquid nitrogen.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline adopts a corrugated stainless steel hose and is externally provided with an insulating layer so as to reduce the heat absorption of the liquid nitrogen in the conveying process.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner walls of the cylindrical deck lid 7 and the cylindrical deck 8 are coated with an aircraft black paint to create a blackbody environment within the cylindrical deck 8.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glass on the side of the observation window 10 opposite to the infrared camera 14 is made of infrared glass, so as to reduce the error of the infrared camera 14 in measuring the temperature change of the liquid drop.
As shown in fig. 1, in the experimental method of the droplet radiation heat exchange experimental apparatus according to the present invention, an air conditioner 5 is turned on, a cooling temperature is set, a valve of a liquid nitrogen tank 4 and a first valve 12 and a second valve 1 are turned on, liquid nitrogen enters a gas mixing chamber in the air conditioner 5, enters a coil pipe 3 for cooling a cabin 8 after being processed, and cools the cylindrical cabin 8 by utilizing phase change heat absorption of the liquid nitrogen to form a low temperature condition in the cylindrical cabin 8; starting a vacuum pump 9, and starting a test when the temperature and the vacuum degree in the cabin 8 reach set values;
opening a needle valve 17, wherein the working medium flows through the needle valve 17 and a capillary injection tube 18 due to the pressure difference between a working medium storage bottle 16 and a cabin body 8 and then is mounted on a hanging drop thermocouple 6, a high-speed camera 15 records the size change and the phase change process of a liquid drop in the radiation heat transfer process, an infrared camera 14 measures the temperature change of the liquid drop in the radiation heat transfer process, meanwhile, the hanging drop thermocouple 6 also measures the temperature change of the liquid drop in the radiation heat transfer process, and transmits the acquired signal to a data acquisition unit 13 for processing; comparing the data measured by the infrared camera 14 and the hanging drop thermocouple 6 to ensure the accuracy of measurement; when the temperature change of the liquid drop needs to be finely measured, the observation window 10 is closed to make a cold black environment, and the temperature of the liquid drop is measured only by a hanging drop thermocouple.

Claims (7)

1.一种液滴辐射换热实验装置,其特征在于:包括低温环境模拟系统、真空维持系统、液滴挂载系统、温度测量系统和相变观测系统;所述低温环境模拟系统主体为一圆筒,由舱盖(7)与舱体(8)组成,舱体(8)内抽真空,舱体(8)外壁铺设蛇形管(3),蛇形管(3)中含有液氮作为冷却剂,舱盖(7)及舱体(8)外壁及蛇形管(3)外围包裹保温棉(2);低温环境模拟系统还包括与蛇形管(3)连通的冷气机(5),与冷气机(5)连接的第一阀门(12)、第二阀门(1)和液氮罐(4),其中液氮罐(4)用于与蛇形管(3)连通;所述真空维持系统主体由真空泵(9)构成,真空泵(9)与舱体(8)通过管道连接,用于维持舱体(8)内的真空环境;所述液滴挂载系统由固定支架(11)、工质贮存瓶(16)、针阀(17)与毛细注射管(18)组成,在舱体(8)内部设置固定支架(11)用于固定挂滴热电偶(6),防止挂滴热电偶(6)的晃动对挂滴造成影响,工质贮存瓶(16)通过针阀(17)连接毛细注射管(18),毛细注射管(18)插入舱体(8)中,针阀(17)对工质在毛细注射管(18)中的流量进行精细调节,毛细注射管(18)用于对液滴的注射及调节工质液滴的直径;所述温度测量系统由挂滴热电偶(6)、与挂滴热电偶(6)连接的数据采集器(13)以及置于圆筒外的红外摄像机(14)构成;所述相变观测系统由置于圆筒外的高速摄像机(15)组成;所述圆筒两侧面开有观察视窗(10),分别用于红外摄像机(14)和高速摄像机(15)进行摄像。1. A droplet radiation heat transfer experiment device, characterized in that: comprising a low temperature environment simulation system, a vacuum maintenance system, a droplet mounting system, a temperature measurement system and a phase change observation system; the low temperature environment simulation system main body is a The cylinder is composed of a hatch cover (7) and a cabin body (8). The cabin body (8) is evacuated. The outer wall of the cabin body (8) is laid with a serpentine tube (3), and the serpentine tube (3) contains liquid nitrogen. As the coolant, the outer walls of the hatch cover (7) and the cabin body (8) and the outer wall of the serpentine tube (3) are wrapped with thermal insulation cotton (2); the low-temperature environment simulation system also includes an air conditioner (5) that communicates with the serpentine tube (3). ), the first valve (12), the second valve (1) and the liquid nitrogen tank (4) connected with the air conditioner (5), wherein the liquid nitrogen tank (4) is used to communicate with the serpentine (3); so The main body of the vacuum maintenance system is composed of a vacuum pump (9), and the vacuum pump (9) is connected with the chamber body (8) through a pipeline for maintaining the vacuum environment in the chamber body (8); the droplet loading system is composed of a fixed bracket ( 11), a working fluid storage bottle (16), a needle valve (17) and a capillary injection tube (18), a fixing bracket (11) is arranged inside the cabin (8) for fixing the hanging drop thermocouple (6), preventing The shaking of the hanging drop thermocouple (6) affects the hanging drop. The working fluid storage bottle (16) is connected to the capillary injection tube (18) through the needle valve (17), and the capillary injection tube (18) is inserted into the cabin (8), The needle valve (17) finely adjusts the flow rate of the working medium in the capillary injection tube (18), and the capillary injection tube (18) is used to inject droplets and adjust the diameter of the working fluid droplets; the temperature measurement system is composed of A hanging drop thermocouple (6), a data collector (13) connected to the hanging drop thermocouple (6), and an infrared camera (14) placed outside the cylinder are composed; The high-speed camera (15) is composed of the high-speed camera (15); the two sides of the cylinder are provided with observation windows (10), which are respectively used for the infrared camera (14) and the high-speed camera (15) to take pictures. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种液滴辐射换热实验装置,其特征在于:采用加注液氮的冷气机(5)为舱体(8)提供低温冷却,液氮在低温环境模拟系统中开式循环,通过第二阀门(1)排入大气,简化了低温环境模拟系统设备及管路布置,提高了冷却效率,相较于不添加冷气机(5)的开式循环有效减小了液氮损耗。2. A kind of droplet radiation heat exchange experiment device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt the air conditioner (5) of filling liquid nitrogen to provide low temperature cooling for the cabin (8), and the liquid nitrogen simulates the low temperature environment The open circulation in the system is discharged into the atmosphere through the second valve (1), which simplifies the equipment and pipeline layout of the low temperature environment simulation system, and improves the cooling efficiency. Less liquid nitrogen loss. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种液滴辐射换热实验装置,其特征在于:所述圆筒的舱体(8)和蛇形管(3)材料选用铜,以增强液氮的冷却效果。3. A kind of droplet radiation heat exchange experiment device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of the cabin body (8) of described cylinder and serpentine tube (3) is selected from copper, to enhance the cooling of liquid nitrogen Effect. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种液滴辐射换热实验装置,其特征在于:液氮输送管路采用波纹不锈钢软管,外附保温层,以减少液氮在输送过程中热量的吸收。4. A droplet radiation heat exchange experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid nitrogen conveying pipeline adopts corrugated stainless steel hose, and an external thermal insulation layer is attached to reduce the absorption of heat during the conveying process of the liquid nitrogen . 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种液滴辐射换热实验装置,其特征在于:圆筒的舱盖(7)和舱体(8)内壁涂以航空黑漆,以营造圆筒的舱体(8)内的黑体环境。5. A kind of droplet radiation heat exchange experiment device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inner wall of the hatch cover (7) and the cabin body (8) of the cylinder is painted with aviation black paint to create a cylindrical cabin The black body environment within the body (8). 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种液滴辐射换热实验装置,其特征在于:所述观察视窗(10)与红外摄像机(14)相对的一侧玻璃采用红外玻璃,以减少红外摄像机(14)在测量液滴温度变化过程中的误差。6. A droplet radiation heat exchange experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the glass on the opposite side of the observation window (10) and the infrared camera (14) adopts infrared glass, so as to reduce the infrared camera (14). 14) Errors in measuring droplet temperature changes. 7.权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种液滴辐射换热实验装置的实验方法,其特征在于:打开冷气机(5),设定冷却温度,打开液氮罐(4)的阀门及第一阀门(12)和第二阀门(1),液氮进入冷气机(5)中的混气室,经过处理后进入用于冷却舱体(8)的蛇形管(3),利用液氮的相变吸热对圆筒的舱体(8)进行降温,形成圆筒的舱体(8)内的低温条件;启动真空泵(9)待舱体(8)内温度和真空度达到设定值后开始试验;7. the experimental method of a kind of droplet radiation heat exchange experimental device described in any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: open air conditioner (5), set cooling temperature, open liquid nitrogen tank (4) The valve and the first valve (12) and the second valve (1), the liquid nitrogen enters the air mixing chamber in the air conditioner (5), and enters the serpentine tube (3) for cooling the cabin (8) after processing, The cylindrical chamber (8) is cooled by the phase change heat absorption of liquid nitrogen to form a low temperature condition in the cylindrical chamber (8); the vacuum pump (9) is started to wait for the temperature and vacuum degree in the chamber (8). Start the test after reaching the set value; 打开针阀(17),由于工质贮存瓶(16)与舱体(8)内存在压差,工质流过针阀(17)与毛细注射管(18)后挂载至挂滴热电偶(6)上,高速摄像机(15)记录液滴在辐射传热过程中的尺寸变化及相变过程,红外摄像机(14)测量液滴在辐射传热过程中的温度变化,同时挂滴热电偶(6)也对液滴辐射传热过程中的温度变化进行测量,并将采集到的信号传输至数据采集器(13)进行处理;对红外摄像机(14)与挂滴热电偶(6)所测得的数据互相进行比对,确保测量的准确性;需要精细化测量液滴温度变化时,关闭观察视窗(10)以制造冷黑环境,仅通过挂滴热电偶对液滴的温度进行测量。Open the needle valve (17), due to the pressure difference between the working medium storage bottle (16) and the cabin (8), the working medium flows through the needle valve (17) and the capillary injection tube (18) and is mounted on the hanging drop thermocouple On (6), the high-speed camera (15) records the size change and phase transition process of the droplet in the process of radiative heat transfer, the infrared camera (14) measures the temperature change of the droplet during the radiative heat transfer process, and the droplet thermocouple is attached at the same time (6) also measure the temperature change during the radiative heat transfer process of the droplet, and transmit the collected signal to the data collector (13) for processing; The measured data are compared with each other to ensure the accuracy of the measurement; when it is necessary to finely measure the temperature change of the droplet, the observation window (10) is closed to create a cool and dark environment, and the temperature of the droplet is only measured by the hanging drop thermocouple .
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