CN112720248B - Efficient polishing disc with shear expansion characteristic and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics, comprising a flexible fixed abrasive tool, a polishing layer, a rigid layer, an adhesive layer and an adsorption layer, the flexible fixed abrasive tool is composed of a viscoelastic gum base with non-Newtonian fluid properties and abrasives. The components of the flexible fixed abrasives and their mass percentages are: viscoelastic polymer 69%-85%, abrasive particles with particle size between 0.05-50 μm 10%-30%, dispersant 1%-5% ; The polishing layer is filled with a flexible fixed abrasive, the rigid layer is located below the polishing layer, the adhesive layer is located between the polishing layer and the rigid layer and bonds the polishing layer and the rigid layer together, the adsorption layer is The layer is bonded to the bottom surface of the rigid layer, and the adsorption layer is adsorbed on the polishing device substrate. And a preparation method of a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics is provided. The invention can be used for plane polishing of hard and brittle materials difficult to process, and has the advantages of high processing efficiency, good processing quality, low economic cost and the like.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the field of ultra-precision polishing, in particular to a polishing disc and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Polishing discs can be used for grinding and polishing the surface of materials. There are many kinds of them, including cast iron discs, stainless steel polishing discs, flannel polishing discs and pure iron polishing discs. The appropriate polishing disc can be selected according to the hardness of the polished workpiece.

At present, ceramic materials, hard alloys, refractory metals and other hard-to-machine hard and brittle materials are widely used in aerospace, semiconductor, vehicle parts and other fields. In the case of severe friction and high temperature and high pressure, the parts with large roughness are easy to wear, which seriously shortens the service life of the material. By polishing, the surface quality and smoothness can be improved, and the mechanical properties can be improved. However, difficult-to-machine hard and brittle materials usually have problems such as poor surface flatness, low efficiency, and large processing damage layer after being processed by existing polishing discs.

A Chinese invention patent (CN 101428404A) has been published, the patent name: a fixed abrasive grinding and polishing pad and a preparation method thereof, and a polishing disc is prepared by a pattern transfer method. The polishing disc has stable grinding and polishing performance, high efficiency, and is suitable for a wide range of processing materials. However, the preparation process is complicated, the surface flatness of the polished workpiece is poor, and the processing damage layer is large.

An authorized Chinese invention patent (CN 108747869B), patent name: polishing disc and its manufacturing method, proposes a polishing disc for polishing ceramic products. Using the polishing disc to polish hard and brittle materials such as ceramics and quartz can significantly reduce the roughness and improve the polishing efficiency. However, the range of applicable processing materials is small, and there is a problem of poor surface flatness of the workpiece being thrown.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics and a preparation method thereof. During the polishing process, the contact area between the abrasive tool and the workpiece with the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid is subjected to shear force to produce a shear expansion effect, showing an instant expansion and ejection phenomenon and a curing effect, and the viscosity, hardness and internal resistance of the abrasive tool material increase. , enhance the holding effect of abrasive particles and improve the uniformity of force on the surface of the workpiece. The abrasive particles with polishing effect in the abrasive tool have a micro-cutting effect on the surface of the workpiece to remove the workpiece material and achieve the effect of polishing. The polishing disc is designed to improve processing efficiency while ensuring processing accuracy, can reduce the metamorphic layer on the surface of the material, is suitable for a wide range of processing materials, and has low processing cost.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

A high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics, comprising a flexible fixed abrasive tool, a polishing layer, a rigid layer, an adhesive layer and an adsorption layer, the flexible fixed abrasive tool is composed of a viscoelastic gum base with non-Newtonian fluid properties and abrasives. The composition of particles, the components of the flexible fixed abrasive and their mass percentages are: viscoelastic polymer 69%-85%, abrasive particles with particle size between 0.05-50 μm 10%-30%, dispersant 1%-5% ; The polishing layer is filled with flexible fixed abrasives, the rigid layer is located below the polishing layer, the adhesive layer is located between the polishing layer and the rigid layer and bonds the polishing layer and the rigid layer together, the adsorption The layer is bonded to the bottom surface of the rigid layer, and the adsorption layer is adsorbed on the polishing device substrate.

Further, the polishing layer is one of the following: a substrate with grooves and a polishing layer composed of a material with non-Newtonian fluid properties filled in the grooves; a sheet-like fiber substrate and a substrate immersed in the fiber substrate Polishing layer composed of materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties.

Preferably, the substrate with grooves is composed of an adhesive and a curing agent, and the components and mass percentages of the substrate with grooves are as follows: adhesive 50%-90%, curing agent 10%-50%.

Further preferably, the upper surface of the substrate with grooves is delineated with grooves, and the grooves are grid-shaped or spiral-shaped for discharging deionized water and workpiece waste.

Still further, the viscoelastic polymer is a silicon boron polymer, and the dispersant is an inorganic dispersant, an organic dispersant or a mixture of an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant; the inorganic dispersant is carbonate and Alkali metal phosphates; the organic dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, methyl amyl alcohol or polyacrylamide.

The adhesive is one or a mixture of at least two of the following: silicone, polyurethane, epoxy resin and the like.

The abrasive particles are one or a mixture of at least two of the following: diamond, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, cerium oxide, silicon oxide, and the like.

The sheet-like fiber base material is one or a mixture of at least two of the following: natural fibers, synthetic fibers, man-made fibers; the natural fibers are cotton fibers, hemp fibers, wool fibers or silk, etc.; the synthetic fibers It is polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyvinyl formal fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyurethane elastic fiber or polyolefin elastic fiber, etc.; the man-made fiber is regenerated cellulose fiber, cellulose ester fiber or regenerated protein fiber, etc.

The adhesive layer is one or a mixture of at least two of the following: natural polymer, synthetic resin, rubber, etc.; specifically, it can be an adhesive or a double-sided tape.

The rigid layer is a rigid polymer; the adsorption layer is a sticky magnetic sticker or a double-sided adhesive tape, and is attached under the rigid layer.

A preparation method of a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics, comprising the following steps:

1) Preparation of materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties: After fully mechanically stirring viscoelastic polymer, abrasive particles, dispersant, etc. in proportion, the mass percentage is: viscoelastic polymer 69%-85%, particle size 0.05- 10% to 30% of abrasive grains between 50 μm, 1% to 5% of dispersant, and stand at 120 to 200° C. for 2 to 5 hours in an oven to prepare a material with non-Newtonian fluid properties.

2) Preparation of polishing layer. Method 1: The adhesive and curing agent components are fully mechanically stirred in proportion and put into the mold. The mass percentages are as follows: 50% to 90% of the adhesive and 10% to 50% of the curing agent, heated in an oven, and cooled to obtain The base plate with grooves is filled with the above-mentioned material with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics to obtain a polishing layer; Method 2: the above-mentioned material with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics is heated and melted in an oven and filled into the sheet-like fiber base material, and after cooling to obtain a polishing layer;

3) Use rigid polymer as rigid layer, and adhere to the polishing layer through the adhesive layer;

4) Adhere the adsorption layer to the rigid layer;

5) Remove the part of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties that is higher than the substrate by trimming the disc at a low speed to ensure that the height of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties is consistent with the substrate.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in: 1. It belongs to flexible processing, with large processing contact area and good removal uniformity; 2. The preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the range of processable materials is wide;

3. There is no need to replace the polishing disc, and the multi-step controllability of the polishing process can be realized by adjusting the polishing pressure and polishing line speed, which not only saves time, but also improves the polishing efficiency; 4. The overall structure of the required processing equipment is simple.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polishing disc I based on the principle of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of processing a workpiece using the polishing disc I.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another small polishing disc II processing a workpiece based on the principle of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3, a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics includes a flexible fixed abrasive 1, a polishing layer 2, a rigid layer 4, an adhesive layer 3 and an adsorption layer 5. The flexible fixed abrasive 1 It is composed of a viscoelastic gum base with non-Newtonian fluid properties and abrasive particles. The first component of the flexible fixed abrasive tool and its mass percentage are: viscoelastic polymer 69% to 85%, and the particle size is between 0.05 and 50 μm. The polishing layer 2 is filled with a flexible fixed abrasive tool 1, the rigid layer 4 is located under the polishing layer 2, and the adhesive layer 3 is located in the polishing layer 2 Between the rigid layer 4 and the polishing layer and the rigid layer, the adsorption layer 5 is adhered to the bottom surface of the rigid layer 4, and the adsorption layer 5 is adsorbed on the base plate of the polishing equipment.

The preparation method of the high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties: after fully mechanically stirring viscoelastic polymer, abrasive particles 7, dispersant 8, etc. in proportion, the mass percentage is: viscoelastic polymer 69% to 85%, particle size in 10% to 30% of abrasive grains between 0.05 and 50 μm, 1% to 5% of dispersant, and let stand at 120 to 200°C for 2 to 5 hours in an oven to prepare materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties;

2) Preparation of polishing layer 2. Method 1: The adhesive, curing agent and other components are fully mechanically stirred in proportion and placed into the mold, heated in an oven, and cooled to obtain a base plate with grooves, and the above materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties are filled into the mold. A polishing layer 2 is obtained; Method 2: the above-mentioned material with non-Newtonian fluid properties is heated and melted in an oven and then filled into a sheet-like fiber base material, and the polishing layer 2 is obtained after cooling;

3) use rigid polymer as rigid layer 4, and adhere to polishing layer 2 through adhesive layer 3;

4) Adhere the sticky magnetic sticker 5 to the rigid layer 4;

5) Remove the part of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties that is higher than the substrate by trimming the disc at a low speed to ensure that the height of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties is consistent with the substrate.

The material components with non-Newtonian fluid properties and their mass percentages: 69% to 85% of viscoelastic polymers, 10% to 30% of abrasive particles with a particle size of 0.05 to 50 μm, and 1% to 5% of dispersant .

The viscoelastic polymer is a silicon boron polymer, and the dispersant is an inorganic dispersant, an organic dispersant or a mixture of an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant. The inorganic dispersants are carbonates and alkali metal phosphates. The organic dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, methyl amyl alcohol or polyacrylamide.

The abrasive particles 7 are one or a mixture of at least two of the following: diamond, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon carbide, cerium oxide, silicon oxide, and the like.

The sheet-like fiber base material is one or a mixture of at least two of the following: natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and man-made fibers. The natural fibers are cotton fibers, hemp fibers, wool fibers or silk and the like. The synthetic fibers are polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, polyvinyl formal fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, polyurethane elastic fibers or polyolefin elastic fibers. The man-made fibers are regenerated cellulose fibers, cellulose ester fibers or regenerated protein fibers.

The adhesive layer 3 is one or a mixture of at least two of the following: natural polymer, synthetic resin, rubber, and the like. Specifically, it can be an adhesive or a double-sided tape, and the polishing layer 2 and the rigid layer 4 are adhered and attached by the adhesive or the double-sided tape.

The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of the substrate with groove, and the process is as follows:

1) Evenly mix 50%-90% adhesive and 10%-50% curing agent to form a viscous mixture.

2) Put the viscous mixture into a mold, heat and pressurize it under a hot press, and let it stand for 24 hours to obtain an embryo body.

3) Put the embryo body together with the mold into an oven, and heat and dry it at 120° C. to fully solidify it.

4) The prepared embryo body is placed on a grinding machine, and its upper surface is trimmed until it reaches an excellent flatness.

Example 1

1 and 2, a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics includes a polishing layer 2, a rigid layer 4 and an adsorption layer 5, and the preparation method of the high-efficiency polishing disc includes the following steps:

1) After fully mechanically stirring 85g viscoelastic polymer, 10g diamond abrasive particles 7 with a particle size of 1.5μm, and 5g sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 8, heat it in an oven at 120 ° C for 2 hours to prepare a non-Newtonian product. material of fluid properties;

2) Mix 90% of the polyurethane binder and 10% of the curing agent evenly to form a viscous mixture, put the viscous mixture into the mold, heat and pressurize it under a hot press, and leave it for 24 hours. Obtain embryos. Put the embryo body together with the mold into an oven, and heat and dry it at 120 °C for 2 h to fully solidify it into the desired substrate. The substrate is placed on a grinder and its upper surface is trimmed to excellent flatness. Filling the substrate with the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties prepared in the above step 1) to obtain a polishing layer 2;

3) Select a rigid polymer as the rigid layer 4, and bond with the polishing layer 2 through the resin binder 3.

4) Adhere the adsorption layer 5 (adhesive magnetic sticker) to the rigid layer 4.

5) Remove the part of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties that is higher than the substrate by trimming the disc at a low speed to ensure that the height of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties is consistent with the substrate.

The workpiece 6 is placed on the upper surface of the polishing disc, and an appropriate pressure F is applied by a pressing device to make the workpiece 6 closely fit with the polishing disc.

Driven by the driving device, the workpiece 6 and the polishing disc move relative to each other, thereby realizing efficient and high-quality polishing of the surface of the workpiece 6 .

Example 2

3, a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics includes a polishing layer 2, a rigid layer 4 and an adsorption layer 5, and the preparation method of the high-efficiency polishing disc includes the following steps:

1) After fully mechanically stirring 78g viscoelastic polymer, 20g alumina abrasive particles 7 with a particle size of 1.5μm, and 2g sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 8, heat it in an oven at 150 ° C for 3 hours to prepare a molten state materials with non-Newtonian fluid properties.

2) prepare a piece of non-woven fabric, evenly fill the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties in the molten state in the above step 1) in the non-woven fabric, and obtain polishing layer 2 after cooling;

3) Select rigid polymer as rigid layer 4, and bond with polishing layer through resin binder 3;

4) Attach the polishing disc to the polishing tool through double-sided tape 5;

The polishing disc is placed on the upper surface of the workpiece 6, and an appropriate pressure F is applied by the polishing tool to make the polishing disc closely fit the workpiece 6;

Driven by the driving device, the polishing disc and the workpiece 6 move relative to each other, so as to achieve high-efficiency and high-quality polishing of the surface of the workpiece 6 .

Example 3

1 and 2, a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics includes a polishing layer 2, a rigid layer 4 and an adsorption layer 5, and the preparation method of the high-efficiency polishing disc includes the following steps:

1) After fully mechanically stirring 72g viscoelastic polymer, 25g alumina abrasive particles 7 with a particle size of 1.5μm, and 3g sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 8, heat it in an oven at 160°C for 4h to prepare Materials with Newtonian fluid properties;

2) Evenly mix 70% epoxy resin binder and 30% curing agent to form a viscous mixture, put the viscous mixture into the mold, heat and pressurize it under a hot press, and let it stand Embryos were obtained after 24 h. Put the embryo body together with the mold into an oven, and heat and dry it at 120 °C for 2 h to fully solidify it into the desired substrate. The substrate is placed on a grinder and its upper surface is trimmed to excellent flatness. Filling the substrate with the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties prepared in the above step 1) to obtain a polishing layer 2;

3) Select a rigid polymer as the rigid layer 4, and bond with the polishing layer 2 through the resin binder 3.

4) Adhere the adsorption layer 5 (adhesive magnetic sticker) to the rigid layer 4.

5) Remove the part of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties that is higher than the substrate by trimming the disc at a low speed to ensure that the height of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties is consistent with the substrate.

The workpiece 6 is placed on the upper surface of the polishing disc, and an appropriate pressure F is applied by a pressing device to make the workpiece 6 closely fit with the polishing disc.

Driven by the driving device, the workpiece 6 and the polishing disc move relative to each other, thereby realizing efficient and high-quality polishing of the surface of the workpiece 6 .

Example 4

1 and 2, a high-efficiency polishing disc with shear expansion characteristics includes a polishing layer 2, a rigid layer 4 and an adsorption layer 5, and the preparation method of the high-efficiency polishing disc includes the following steps:

1) After fully mechanically stirring 69g viscoelastic polymer, 30g diamond abrasive particles 7 with a particle size of 1.5μm, and 1g sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 8, heat it in an oven at 200°C for 5h to prepare a non-Newtonian product. material of fluid properties;

2) Evenly mix 50% silicone binder and 50% curing agent to form a viscous mixture, put the viscous mixture into the mold, heat and pressurize it under a hot press, and let it stand for 24 hours Embryos are obtained. Put the embryo body together with the mold into an oven, and heat and dry it at 120 °C for 2 h to fully solidify it into the desired substrate. The substrate is placed on a grinder and its upper surface is trimmed to excellent flatness. Filling the substrate with the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties prepared in the above step 1) to obtain a polishing layer 2;

3) Select a rigid polymer as the rigid layer 4, and bond with the polishing layer 2 through the resin binder 3.

4) Adhere the adsorption layer 5 (adhesive magnetic sticker) to the rigid layer 4.

5) Remove the part of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties that is higher than the substrate by trimming the disc at a low speed to ensure that the height of the material with non-Newtonian fluid properties is consistent with the substrate.

The workpiece 6 is placed on the upper surface of the polishing disc, and an appropriate pressure F is applied by a pressing device to make the workpiece 6 closely fit with the polishing disc.

Driven by the driving device, the workpiece 6 and the polishing disc move relative to each other, thereby realizing efficient and high-quality polishing of the surface of the workpiece 6 .

The content described in the embodiments of the present specification is merely an enumeration of the implementation forms of the inventive concept, and is only used for illustration purposes. The protection scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms stated in this embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that those of ordinary skill in the art can think of according to the inventive concept.

Claims (5)

1. A high efficiency polishing disk having shear expansion properties, comprising a flexible fixed abrasive article comprised of a viscoelastic gum base having non-newtonian fluid properties and abrasive particles, a polishing layer, a rigid layer, an adhesive layer, and an absorbent layer, the flexible fixed abrasive article comprising, in weight percent: 69-85% of viscoelastic polymer, 10-30% of abrasive particles with the granularity of 0.05-50 mu m and 1-5% of dispersing agent; the polishing device comprises a polishing layer, a rigid layer, an adhesive layer, an adsorption layer and a polishing equipment base plate, wherein the polishing layer is filled with a flexible fixing abrasive tool, the rigid layer is positioned below the polishing layer, the adhesive layer is positioned between the polishing layer and the rigid layer and adheres the polishing layer and the rigid layer together, the adsorption layer is adhered to the bottom surface of the rigid layer, and the adsorption layer is adsorbed on the polishing equipment base plate; the polishing layer is composed of a sheet-shaped fiber substrate and a material with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics, wherein the sheet-shaped fiber substrate is immersed in the fiber substrate, and the sheet-shaped fiber substrate is one or a mixture of at least two of the following materials: natural fibers, synthetic fibers, artificial fibers; the natural fiber is cotton fiber, hemp fiber, wool fiber or silk; the synthetic fiber is polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyvinyl formal fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyurethane elastic fiber or polyolefin elastic fiber; the artificial fiber is regenerated cellulose fiber, cellulose ester fiber or regenerated protein fiber.

2. A high efficiency polishing pad having shear-expansive characteristics as recited in claim 1, wherein said viscoelastic polymer is a silicon-boron polymer and said dispersant is an inorganic dispersant, an organic dispersant or a mixture of an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant; the inorganic dispersant is carbonate and alkali metal phosphate; the organic dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, methyl amyl alcohol or polyacrylamide.

3. A high efficiency polishing pad having shear-expansion characteristics as recited in claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles are one or a mixture of at least two of: diamond, alumina, magnesia, ceria, cubic boron nitride, boron carbide, silicon oxide.

4. A high efficiency polishing disk having shear expansion characteristics as recited in claim 1, wherein said adhesive layer is one or a mixture of at least two of: natural polymers, synthetic resins, rubbers;

the rigid layer is a rigid polymer; the adsorption layer is a viscous magnetic sticker or a double-sided adhesive tape and is attached to the lower surface of the rigid layer.

5. A method of making a high efficiency polishing disk having shear expansion characteristics as recited in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) preparation of a material with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics: fully and mechanically stirring the viscoelastic polymer, the abrasive particles, the dispersing agent and the like uniformly according to the proportion, wherein the mass percentage of the viscoelastic polymer, the abrasive particles and the dispersing agent is as follows: 69% -85% of viscoelastic polymer, 10% -30% of abrasive particles with the particle size of 0.05-50 mu m and 1% -5% of dispersing agent, and standing the mixture in an oven for 2-5 hours at 120-200 ℃ to obtain a material with non-Newtonian fluid characteristics;

2) preparing a polishing layer; the method comprises the following steps: the adhesive and the curing agent are fully and mechanically stirred uniformly according to the proportion and then put into a die, wherein the mass percentage is as follows: 50% -90% of adhesive and 10% -50% of curing agent, heating in an oven, cooling to obtain a base plate with a groove, and filling the material with the non-Newtonian fluid characteristic into the base plate to obtain a polishing layer; the second method comprises the following steps: heating and melting the material with the non-Newtonian fluid characteristic in an oven, filling the material into a flaky fiber base material, and cooling to obtain a polishing layer;

3) taking a rigid polymer as a rigid layer, and adhering and attaching the rigid polymer to the polishing layer through an adhesive layer;

4) bonding the absorbent layer to the rigid layer;

5) and removing the part of the material with the non-Newtonian fluid characteristic higher than the substrate through the low-speed repair disc to ensure that the height of the material with the non-Newtonian fluid characteristic is consistent with that of the substrate.

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