CN112716532B - Expired aerosol collecting and detecting device and detecting method thereof - Google Patents
Expired aerosol collecting and detecting device and detecting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112716532B CN112716532B CN202011578492.4A CN202011578492A CN112716532B CN 112716532 B CN112716532 B CN 112716532B CN 202011578492 A CN202011578492 A CN 202011578492A CN 112716532 B CN112716532 B CN 112716532B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B10/00—Instruments for taking body samples for diagnostic purposes; Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis, sex determination or ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B2010/0083—Instruments for taking body samples for diagnostic purposes; Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. for vaccination diagnosis, sex determination or ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements for taking gas samples
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Abstract
The invention relates to an expired aerosol collecting and detecting device and a detecting method thereof. The device includes a housing, an exhalation port, and an impact cutter. The shell comprises a shell with an opening at the upper end and a spiral cover which is connected with the opening at the upper end of the shell in a threaded manner. The expiration interface is arranged on the upper section of the outer side wall of the shell and is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell. The impact cutter comprises a plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles embedded in the exhalation port and a cutter impact plate which is arranged at the bottom of the spiral cover and extends into the lower section of the inner cavity of the shell. The bottom of the spiral cover is also provided with a baffle plate extending into the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell; the baffle is located inside the cutter strike plate. According to the technical scheme, the rapid and efficient collection and rapid on-site detection of the aerosol particles in the exhaled breath can be realized, and conditions are provided for on-site sample collection and subsequent diagnosis of respiratory system related diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of expiration diagnosis and medical auxiliary instruments, in particular to an expiration aerosol collecting and detecting device and a detecting method thereof.
Background
In recent years, particularly since new coronavirus epidemic situation occurs, exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection are increasingly paid attention to the aspects of exhaled breath virus collection, biomarker detection, disease diagnosis and the like. Taking a new coronavirus as an example, two main detection methods are currently most common: pharyngeal swab-kit assays and CT assays. CT detection requires a large-scale high-precision analysis instrument, has insufficient sensitivity to the initial patient, has the radiation safety problem, and is not suitable for large-scale popularization and use in the primary screening of diseases. The throat swab-kit detection method does not need expensive detection equipment, has low cost, and is a widely adopted technology for detecting the biomarker at present. However, the sampling scheme such as throat swab requires that the sampling rod is inserted into the nasal mucosa, which is easy to cause nausea, discomfort, phlegm and even vomiting of the detected person, so that the method has certain limitation. In addition, the novel coronavirus has strong adhesion to alveolar cells, mainly gathers in the lung for propagation, and rarely occurs in the throat. In addition, the throat swab sampling scheme still faces certain difficulties due to certain killing and digestion effects of saliva and the like on the bacteria. And the method directly collects the atmosphere exhalations of the lung in an active cough and exhalations mode, so as to realize the on-site detection without invasive feeling and rapidly.
The expiration detection mode has the unique advantages of simplicity and no invasiveness compared with the traditional method. Exhalation detection mainly includes detection of exhaled aerosols and other gas components. Among other things, the viral detection aspect relies primarily on exhaled aerosol collection and detection. Chinese patent 201280022314.0 discloses a portable sampling device and a method for sampling drug substances from exhaled breath, chinese patent 201810134395.2 discloses a buccal respiratory tract spray collecting device and a using method, the two existing exhaled breath aerosol collecting methods have the problem of complex operation, an enrichment membrane is adopted in a collecting mode, most of the sampled aerosols are in the enrichment membrane fiber and can be used for detection and analysis after secondary sampling, the accuracy and the detection efficiency of detection results are affected, and certain limitations exist for field application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an expired aerosol acquisition and detection device and a detection method thereof, which can solve the defects existing in the prior art and carry out efficient and accurate on-site detection on expired aerosol.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An expired aerosol collecting and detecting device comprises a shell, an expired air interface and an impact cutter; the shell comprises a shell with an opening at the upper end and a spiral cover which is connected with the opening at the upper end of the shell in a threaded manner. The expiration interface is arranged on the upper section of the outer side wall of the shell and is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell. The impact cutter comprises a plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles embedded in the exhalation port and a cutter impact plate which is arranged at the bottom of the spiral cover and extends into the lower section of the inner cavity of the shell. The bottom of the spiral cover is also provided with a baffle plate extending into the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell; the baffle is located inside the cutter strike plate.
Further, the spiral cover is provided with a first air outlet channel; the shell is provided with a second air outlet channel; the first air outlet channel is arranged on the spiral cover between the cutter impact plate and the baffle plate.
Further, the lower end of the cutter striking plate is positioned below the junction of the exhalation port and the housing.
Further, the exhalation interface comprises a horn-shaped exhalation port and a connection port connected with the small end of the horn-shaped exhalation port; the inner cavity of the expiration interface is an air inlet channel, and the plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles are arranged in the air inlet channel in the connection port.
Furthermore, the inlet of the accelerating nozzle of the cutter is funnel-shaped with large outside and small inside, and the caliber of one section of the accelerating nozzle is kept unchanged at the rear end of the nozzle.
Further, the cutter striking plate is made of a hydrophobic material; the shell is made of transparent materials; the baffle is made of elastic materials.
Further, the baffle and the cutter striking plate are annular; the area surrounded by the inner side of the baffle plate and the bottom of the spiral cover and the inner wall of the bottom of the shell is a reaction liquid temporary storage area; the area surrounded by the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the baffle plate below the cutter impact plate is a collecting area; when the screw cap is screwed, the bottom of the baffle is tightly matched with the bottom of the shell, and the reaction liquid temporary storage area is isolated from the collection area; when the screw cap is unscrewed or the screw cap is unscrewed from the shell, the reaction liquid temporary storage area is communicated with the collection area.
Further, the device also comprises a condensation pipe sleeve and a heat preservation jacket; the condensing sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the shell below the exhalation port; the heat preservation coat is sleeved on the outer side of the condensation sleeve. Besides the expired aerosol, the expired condensed gas collection is also an important means for detecting the diseases related to the respiratory system, and the device can realize the simultaneous collection of the expired aerosol and the expired condensed gas by combining with the condensation structure design.
The invention also relates to a detection method of the expired aerosol acquisition and detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(21) The screw cap is screwed down, so that the bottom of the baffle is tightly matched with the bottom of the shell, and the reaction liquid temporary storage area is not communicated with the collection area.
(22) And injecting a reaction liquid or a detection liquid into the reaction liquid temporary storage area.
(22) The person to be detected uses the mouth to hold the exhalation interface, and the exhaled aerosol flows out of the oral cavity through exhalation or active cough, and flows into an air inlet channel in the exhalation interface together with the airflow.
(23) The airflow containing the exhaled aerosol enters into each cutter accelerating nozzle, and after the airflow is accelerated by the cutter accelerating nozzles, aerosol particles with the particle size larger than the split particle size collide with the cutter striking plate and are concentrated on the surface of the cutter striking plate, and the aerosol particles with the particle size not larger than the split particle size continuously flow along with the airflow and are discharged from the first air outlet channel and the second air outlet channel.
(24) After accumulation of aerosol particles accumulated on the surface of the cutter impingement plate, they flow down the cutter impingement plate into the collection zone under the force of gravity.
(25) Unscrewing the spiral cover or unscrewing the spiral cover from the shell, enabling the collecting area to be communicated with the reaction liquid temporary storage area, enabling aerosol particles in the collecting area to react with the reaction liquid or detection liquid in the reaction liquid temporary storage area in a mixing mode, observing a reaction result in the shell, and finishing detection and judgment of the biomarker in the exhaled breath aerosol.
According to the technical scheme, through the aerodynamic structure design, the high-efficiency collection of the exhaled aerosol with the particle size larger than a certain particle size in the exhaled breath is realized by adopting the impact cutter, meanwhile, the self-locking structure of the spiral cover, the baffle plate and the shell is combined, the reaction liquid or the detection liquid is stored in the reaction liquid temporary storage area before collection, the rapid mixing of the reaction liquid and the collected aerosol is realized when the collection is completed, and the rapid detection of the biological marker in the exhaled aerosol is performed. The invention can realize convenient and efficient collection and rapid on-site detection of aerosol particles in exhaled breath and provides conditions for on-site sample collection and subsequent diagnosis of respiratory system related diseases.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an expired aerosol collection and detection device (without a condensation sleeve and a thermal insulation sleeve) in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of an expired aerosol collection and detection device (without the condensing sleeve and insulating sleeve) in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an expired aerosol collection and detection device (without the condensing sleeve and insulating sleeve) according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for collecting and detecting exhaled breath aerosol (including a condensing sleeve and a thermal insulation sleeve);
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutter accelerating nozzle of the present invention along the X-axis direction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cutter accelerating nozzle of the present invention along the Y-axis direction;
FIG. 7 is a collection efficiency test result for a different configuration of collectors;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the results of the collection efficiency test at different expiratory flow rates.
Wherein:
1. the device comprises an expiration interface, a cutter accelerating nozzle, a cutter striking plate, a shell, a baffle, a collecting area, a reaction liquid temporary storage area, a spiral cover, an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel I, an air outlet channel 10b, an air outlet channel II, an air outlet channel 11, a one-way valve, a condensation sleeve and a heat preservation sleeve, wherein the expiration interface is 2, the cutter accelerating nozzle is 3, the cutter striking plate is 4, the shell is 5, the baffle is 6, the collecting area is 7, the reaction liquid temporary storage area is 8, the spiral cover is 9, the air inlet channel is 10a, the air outlet channel I is 10b, the air outlet channel II is 11, the one-way valve is 12, the condensation sleeve is 13, and the heat preservation sleeve is arranged.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
An expired aerosol collection and detection device as shown in fig. 1-3 comprises a housing, an expired air interface 1 and an impact cutter. The shell comprises a shell 4 with an open upper end and a screw cap 8 which is connected with the open upper end of the shell 4 in a screw mode. The expiration interface 1 is arranged on the upper section of the outer side wall of the shell 4 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell 4. The bottom of the shell 1 is round bottom, so that the baffle plate and the shell are conveniently pressed to form a closed space. Aiming at the condition that the traditional expired aerosol adopts a filter membrane collecting mode and has a complex structure and troublesome detection after collection, the invention adopts a plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles to divide the expired air flow into a plurality of channels for transmission and cutting, can selectively collect the expired aerosol with larger particle size, realizes the rapid collection of the expired aerosol by the confluence of cutter striking plates made of hydrophobic materials, and simultaneously combines a reaction liquid self-locking storage structure to realize the on-site detection so as to keep the bioactivity and detection accuracy to the greatest extent.
The impact cutter comprises a plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles 2 which are embedded in the exhalation port 1 and are uniformly distributed, and a cutter impact plate 3 which is arranged at the bottom of the spiral cover 8 and extends into the lower section of the inner cavity of the shell. The cutter accelerating nozzle 2 and the exhalation port 1 are integrally machined and are mounted with the housing of the collector by threads. The optimum interval of the size of the cutter acceleration nozzles 2 depends on the preferred collection particle size range, and the number of cutter acceleration nozzles 2 depends on the relationship between the total flow rate and the nozzle size. The bottom of the spiral cover 8 is also provided with a baffle plate 5 extending into the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell. The baffle 5 is located inside the cutter striking plate 3. The plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles 2 form a plurality of channels, so that the exhaled aerosol can be rapidly enriched in a collection area which is easy to separate, and the particle size selection of the collected aerosol is realized. The breath aerosol has complex components, the proportion of the components of the biological active substances nucleated by viruses and bacteria contained in the aerosol with different particle sizes is different, and the particle sizes of the breath aerosol can be actively selected and collected, so that the pertinence of collection, analysis and detection can be improved.
An aerosol refers to a dispersion system of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gaseous medium. The impact cutter is a device for realizing the filtration and interception of aerosol particles with a particle size larger than a certain range by accelerating air flow in a micro channel and impacting a baffle plate. The cutter acceleration nozzle and the cutter striking plate form a striking cutter. Aerosols smaller than a certain particle size cannot be captured by the cutter, while aerosols larger than a certain particle size cannot pass through the cutter as the air flows through the cutter. The diameter of the particle at the rate of efficiency η, denoted D50, is a concise representation of cutter efficiency.
According to the invention, the impact cutter is adopted to sample the exhaled aerosol, so that the controllable particle size collection under a certain exhalation flow rate can be realized, and meanwhile, the aerosol collection efficiency in the particle size collection range is high, and the subsequent detection is easy. The exhaled air of the testee reaches the cutter accelerating nozzle from the exhaling interface, is ejected from the cutter accelerating nozzle after the cutter accelerating nozzle accelerates, and is ejected to the cutter striking plate in front, and after striking the cutter striking plate, the air flow is changed sharply by 90 degrees. At the moment, aerosol particles in the air flow start to be separated, large particles collide with the impact plate to lose kinetic energy, and are separated from the air flow and are enriched on the impact plate; the small particles are different and are more easily influenced by the action force of the airflow and follow the airflow. In use, the cutting grain size can be controlled under different flow rates by adjusting the gap between the cutter accelerating nozzle and the cutter striking plate. Taking old people and children as examples, under the condition of lower expiration, the impact of the flow velocity reduction on the collection efficiency of the small-particle-size expiration aerosol is compensated by adjusting the gap between the cutter accelerating nozzle and the cutter striking plate, so that the complete collection of the target-particle-size expiration aerosol is realized. And adjusting the gap between the nozzle and the cutter impact plate in a small range, and compensating the deviation of the cutting particle size by adopting a method for adjusting the air resistance and the fluid Reynolds number.
The separation efficiency of the impact cutter satisfies the following formula:
The divided particle diameter D50 is the collection efficiency η, which is a concise representation of the collection efficiency of an impact cutter. S tk is Stokes number, Q is gas flow rate, C is sliding coefficient, ρ p is aerosol density, λ is mean free path of gas, and W is diameter of cutter acceleration nozzle.
Further, the spiral cover 8 is provided with an air outlet channel I10 a; the shell 4 is provided with a second air outlet channel 10b; the first air outlet channel 10a is arranged on the spiral cover 8 between the cutter striking plate 3 and the baffle plate 5.
Further, the lower end of the cutter striking plate 3 is positioned below the junction of the exhalation port 1 and the housing 4.
Further, the exhalation port 1 comprises a horn-shaped exhalation port and a connection port connected with the small end of the horn-shaped exhalation port. The periphery of the horn-shaped breathing opening is an arc surface, so that the horn-shaped breathing opening is convenient to be contained in the opening. The inner cavity of the expiration interface 1 is an air inlet channel 9, and the plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles 2 are arranged in the air inlet channel 9 in the connecting port.
Furthermore, the inlet of the cutter accelerating nozzle 2 is in a funnel shape with large outside and small inside, and the caliber of one section of the rear end of the nozzle is kept unchanged, so that the design ensures that the airflow channel gradually changes from large to small, the stability of the airflow velocity and the flow field can be maintained as much as possible, the airflow is in a laminar state, turbulence is not easy to generate, the gas in the channel collides against the cutter striking plate at a uniform flow velocity, the cutter grain size distinguishing effect is more obvious, and the cutter screening grain size efficiency is improved.
Further, the cutter striking plate 3 is made of a hydrophobic material, so that aerosol particles accumulated on the cutter striking plate 3 can flow downwards under the action of gravity. The shell 4 is made of transparent materials, so that the change of the reaction liquid temporary storage area 7 and the collection area 6 in the shell 4 can be observed conveniently. The baffle 5 adopts elastic material, and the bottom of baffle 5 is the bevel connection, and the design can be when screwing the spiral cover like this, the bottom bevel connection and the shell close fit of baffle, play the effect of keeping apart collection district and reaction liquid temporary storage district. And the bottom of the baffle 5 is an inclined plane. By matching the sizes of the baffle plate and the shell and adopting an elastic material to manufacture the baffle plate 5 with the inclined surface at the bottom, when the spiral cover 8 is screwed down, the bottom of the baffle plate 5 is tightly matched with the inner side of the bottom of the shell 4, namely, the reaction liquid temporary storage area 7 is isolated from the collection area 6 and is not communicated under the action of pressure. The sealing pressure between the baffle and the shell can be adjusted by adjusting the depth of the connecting screw thread between the spiral cover and the shell.
Further, the baffle and the cutter striking plate 3 are both annular; the area surrounded by the inner side of the baffle 5 and the bottom of the spiral cover 8 and the inner wall of the bottom of the shell 4 is a reaction liquid temporary storage area 7; the area surrounded by the inner wall of the shell 4 and the outer wall of the baffle plate 5 below the cutter impact plate 3 is a collecting area 6. The spiral cover, the baffle and the shell form a self-locking structure, when the spiral cover 8 is screwed up, the bottom of the baffle 5 is tightly matched with the bottom of the shell 4, and the reaction liquid temporary storage area 7 is isolated from the collection area 6; when the screw cap 8 is unscrewed or the screw cap 8 is unscrewed from the housing 4, the reaction solution temporary storage area 7 is communicated with the collection area 6. The design can collect the exhale aerosol firstly, then the exhale aerosol and the reaction liquid can be mixed and reacted by screwing the rotary cover after the collection is completed, the on-site collection and detection are realized, the activity of the collected substances is maintained, and the collection efficiency and the accuracy of the collection result are improved. The invention integrates the acquisition and detection functions together, realizes uninterrupted completion of acquisition-detection, and has the advantages of faster sampling and more visual detection. The droplets collected in the collecting area are mixed with the reaction liquid to react with certain timeliness. Taking a color reaction as an example, if the collecting area and the reaction liquid temporary storage area are not divided, the droplets continuously react with the reaction liquid in the process of collecting the droplets, and the droplets continuously take a low color state, so that the problem of difficulty in observation is caused. By means of the mode of firstly isolating and then mixing, the collected liquid and the reaction liquid are quickly mixed in a short time and react in a short time, the effect of the color reaction can be greatly improved, and the observation is convenient.
Further, the device also comprises a one-way valve 11, and the one-way valve 11 ensures the direction of the gas flow so that the gas does not flow reversely. The one-way valve 11 may be provided on the exhalation port or on the air outlet.
As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus further comprises a condenser jacket 12 and a thermal insulation jacket 13. The condensation sleeve adopts metal with higher specific heat capacity, such as lead and the like, is used after being cooled by a refrigerator, and can also obtain low temperature by a Peltier thermal semiconductor refrigeration device so as to realize the simultaneous collection of expired condensed gas and expired aerosol. The gas component in the expired air is also an important detection object, and the function of collecting the expired air component is realized by sleeving an external condensation sleeve on the outer side of the middle lower section of the shell. The condensation sleeve is closely attached to the collector shell. The condenser sleeve mainly acts as a refrigerator to condense the water vapor in the collector. In order to facilitate holding and keeping low temperature, the outer layer of the condensing sleeve is provided with an insulating layer.
The invention also relates to a detection method of the expired aerosol acquisition and detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(21) The screw cap 8 is screwed down to tightly match the bottom of the baffle 5 with the bottom of the housing 4, and the reaction liquid temporary storage area 7 is not communicated with the collection area 6.
(22) The reaction solution or the detection solution is injected into the reaction solution temporary storage area 7. When the reaction liquid temporary storage area is filled with the reaction liquid, the collector is inverted, the spiral cover is opened, the reaction liquid is filled into the shell, the reaction liquid is added, the spiral cover and the shell are screwed up, the reaction liquid temporary storage area is isolated from the collection area, and then the whole body is restored to be placed in the forward direction.
(22) The person to be detected holds the exhalation port 1 with the mouth, and exhales aerosol flows out of the oral cavity through exhalation or active cough, and flows into the air inlet channel 9 in the exhalation port 1 together with the airflow.
(23) The gas flow containing the exhaled aerosol enters each cutter accelerating nozzle 2, and after being accelerated by the cutter accelerating nozzle 2, aerosol particles with the particle size larger than the segmentation particle size D50 collide with the cutter striking plate 3 and are enriched on the surface of the cutter striking plate 3. Aerosol particles with the particle size not larger than the split particle size continue to flow along with the airflow, firstly, the aerosol particles flow downwards in a channel between the inner side wall of the shell and the outer side wall of the cutter impact plate, at the moment, part of gas is discharged from a second gas outlet channel 10b formed on the side wall of the shell, and the rest of gas flows upwards from a gap between the cutter impact plate and the shell round bottom to a region between the inner side wall of the cutter impact plate and the outer side wall of the baffle plate, and is discharged from a first gas outlet channel 10 a.
(24) After accumulation of aerosol particles accumulated on the surface of the cutter impingement plate 3, they flow down the cutter impingement plate 3 under gravity into the collection zone 6.
(25) Unscrewing the spiral cover 8 or unscrewing the spiral cover 8 from the shell 4, so that the collecting area 6 is communicated with the reaction liquid temporary storage area 7, aerosol particles in the collecting area 6 react with the reaction liquid or detection liquid in the reaction liquid temporary storage area 7 in a mixing way, a color reaction occurs, the reaction result in the shell 4 is observed through the transparent shell 4, and detection and judgment of the biological marker in the exhaled aerosol are completed.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the design principle of the present invention is:
When the expiratory aerosol collecting device is designed, the particle size collecting and determining method under certain expiratory flow speed can be realized through accelerating the aperture of the nozzle by the cutter. When the expired air aerosol collecting device is used, the collected particle sizes under different flow rates can be matched by adjusting the gap between the cutter accelerating nozzle hole and the cutter striking plate.
The high-efficiency collection of aerosol in a specific particle size range is realized through the design of the aperture of the accelerating nozzle of the cutter, the gap between the accelerating nozzle and the impact plate of the cutter and other structural parameters.
Collision theory characterizes the behavior of particles in curved streamlines by a dimensionless parameter called stokes constant S tk. The stokes constant S tk satisfies:
Wherein ρ p is the density of the exhaled breath aerosol, d p is the particle size of the exhaled breath aerosol, C c is the Canning ampere slip correction coefficient, W is the aperture of the cutter acceleration nozzle, and q is the flow velocity at the cutter acceleration nozzle.
The flow rate at the cutter acceleration nozzle satisfies the following relationship:
Where Q is the total expiratory flow rate and N is the number of cutter acceleration nozzles. From this, 50% cut particle size can be calculated using the following formula:
according to the measurement, a single nozzle cannot meet the requirements between the flow rate, the air resistance and the cutting particle size at the same time, the optimization interval of the aperture W of the cutter accelerating nozzle depends on the preferable collecting particle size range, and the number N of the nozzles depends on the relation between the total flow rate and the nozzle size.
The collection efficiency of the impact cutter for exhaled aerosols of different particle sizes was evaluated by the collection efficiency E (%).
Where N in and N out are the exhaled breath aerosol number concentrations at the inlet and not collected by the mounting plate, respectively.
In addition, to obtain a steep cutting efficiency curve, the Reynolds number R e of the fluid is also considered when designing the impinging cutter. With reynolds numbers between 500 and 3000, steeper impact cut curves, i.e. better particle size screening characteristics, are more readily obtained.
The accurate adaptation of the expiratory speed conditions of users in different age ranges is realized by adjusting the gap between the cutter accelerating nozzle and the cutter striking plate when the device is used. Aiming at the characteristics of different expiratory flow rates of users with different age segments and vital capacities and the characteristic that the aperture of an acceleration nozzle of a cutter is not easy to adjust on line, the cutting grain size deviation compensation is carried out by a method of adjusting the air resistance and the fluid Reynolds number by adjusting the gap between the nozzle and an impact plate of the cutter.
The efficiency of the sampling detection device is tested and actually tested through experiments, the sampling detection device is used for testing the efficiency of the sampling PTI arizona dust generator to generate polydisperse aerosol particles, after the concentration of an aerosol environment experiment bin is stabilized, the sampling detection device and the direct concentration data which do not pass through the sampling detection device are compared and tested through an APS 3321-aerodynamic particle size spectrometer, and the collection efficiency is calculated. The test results are shown in FIG. 7 by testing the different particle size capturing efficiencies of three sample detection devices, 0.9mm porous (cutter nozzle diameter of 0.9 mm), 0.6mm porous (cutter nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm) and 0.9mm slit, at an exhalation flow rate of 6L/min. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the 0.9mm porous and 0.6mm porous cutting and collecting effects are better: the 0.9mm porous sampling detection device and the 0.6mm porous sampling detection device have the collecting efficiency of more than 40% for 3um aerosol, the collecting efficiency of more than 30% for 2um aerosol and the collecting efficiency of between 10% and 20% for 1um aerosol. The overall trend of the result is consistent with that of the theoretical calculation result, and the actually measured collection cutting characteristic is gentler than that of the theoretical calculation.
For possible differences of different people's expiration speeds, the invention takes the 0.9mm porous example with better test results, and the results of testing the cutting collection efficiency of the collection detection device under different air flow speeds are shown in figure 8. When the airflow speed is 3L/min, the collection efficiencies of the expired aerosol with the particle size of 3um and 2um are 79% and 78% respectively when the airflow speed is 6L/min, and are above 70% of the airflow speed is 6L/min, so that the sampling effect of people with lower expired aerosol speed can be better ensured.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An exhale aerosol collection detection device which is characterized in that: comprises a shell, an expiration interface and an impact cutter; the shell comprises a shell with an opening at the upper end and a spiral cover which is in threaded connection with the opening at the upper end of the shell; the expiration interface is arranged on the upper section of the outer side wall of the shell and is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell; the impact cutter comprises a plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles embedded in the exhalation port and a cutter impact plate which is arranged at the bottom of the spiral cover and extends into the lower section of the inner cavity of the shell; the bottom of the spiral cover is also provided with a baffle plate extending into the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell; the baffle is positioned on the inner side of the cutter striking plate;
The baffle and the cutter striking plate are annular; the area surrounded by the inner side of the baffle plate and the bottom of the spiral cover and the inner wall of the bottom of the shell is a reaction liquid temporary storage area; the area surrounded by the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the baffle plate below the cutter impact plate is a collecting area; when the screw cap is screwed, the bottom of the baffle is tightly matched with the bottom of the shell, and the reaction liquid temporary storage area is isolated from the collection area; when the screw cap is unscrewed or the screw cap is unscrewed from the shell, the reaction liquid temporary storage area is communicated with the collection area.
2. The exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection device of claim 1, wherein: the spiral cover is provided with a first air outlet channel; the shell is provided with a second air outlet channel; the first air outlet channel is arranged on the spiral cover between the cutter impact plate and the baffle plate.
3. The exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection device of claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the cutter striking plate is positioned below the joint of the expiration interface and the shell.
4. The exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection device of claim 1, wherein: the expiration interface comprises a horn-shaped expiration opening and a connection opening connected with the small end of the horn-shaped expiration opening; the inner cavity of the expiration interface is an air inlet channel, and the plurality of cutter accelerating nozzles are arranged in the air inlet channel in the connection port.
5. The exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection device of claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the cutter accelerating nozzle is funnel-shaped with large outside and small inside, and the caliber of one section at the rear end of the nozzle is kept unchanged.
6. The exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection device of claim 1, wherein: the cutter striking plate is made of hydrophobic material; the shell is made of transparent materials; the baffle is made of elastic materials.
7. The exhaled breath aerosol collection and detection device of claim 1, wherein: the condenser also comprises a condenser pipe sleeve and a heat preservation jacket; the condensing tube sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the shell below the exhale port; the heat preservation coat is sleeved on the outer side of the condensation pipe sleeve.
8. The detection method of a detection device of an exhaled breath aerosol collection detection device according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(21) Tightening the screw cap to enable the bottom of the baffle plate to be tightly matched with the bottom of the shell, and enabling the reaction liquid temporary storage area to be not communicated with the collection area;
(22) Injecting a reaction liquid or a detection liquid into the reaction liquid temporary storage area;
(22) The person to be detected uses the mouth to hold the exhalation port, and the exhaled aerosol flows out of the oral cavity through exhalation or active cough and flows into an air inlet channel in the exhalation port together with the air flow;
(23) The method comprises the steps that an air flow containing exhaled aerosol enters into each cutter accelerating nozzle, and after the air flow is accelerated by the cutter accelerating nozzles, aerosol particles with the particle size larger than the segmentation particle size collide with a cutter striking plate, are enriched on the surface of the cutter striking plate, continue to flow along with the air flow, and are discharged from an air outlet channel I and an air outlet channel II;
(24) After the aerosol particles accumulated on the surface of the cutter impact plate are accumulated, the aerosol particles downwards flow into the collecting area along the cutter impact plate under the action of gravity;
(25) Unscrewing the spiral cover or unscrewing the spiral cover from the shell, enabling the collecting area to be communicated with the reaction liquid temporary storage area, enabling aerosol particles in the collecting area to react with the reaction liquid or detection liquid in the reaction liquid temporary storage area in a mixing mode, observing a reaction result in the shell, and finishing detection and judgment of the biomarker in the exhaled breath aerosol.
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