CN112704512A - Method and equipment for measuring bone mineral density through oral panoramic film - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring bone mineral density through oral panoramic film Download PDFInfo
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- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
一种通过口腔全景片测量骨密度的方法及其设备，口腔骨密度测量方法包括以下步骤：S1，朝向被扫描体发送高能量X射线和低能量X射线；S2，通过射线接收机构分别接收穿过被扫描体的所述高能量X射线和所述低能量X射线；S3，处理单元分别获取穿过所述被扫描体的高能量X射线和低能量X射线，采用图像重建算法得到骨骼组织的密度图像。通过上述方法可以获得骨骼组织的密度图像，从而解决现有技术中需要依靠口腔临床医师通过肉眼观察患者牙片，依靠重建图像中骨小梁的空间排布的稀疏程度来进行口腔颌骨骨密度评估，导致骨密度准确性评估准确性差的问题。
A method and device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, the method for measuring bone density in the oral cavity includes the following steps: S1, sending high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays toward a scanned body; S2, respectively receiving through a ray receiving mechanism The high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays passing through the scanned body; S3, the processing unit obtains the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays passing through the scanned body respectively, and uses an image reconstruction algorithm to obtain bone tissue density image. Through the above method, the density image of bone tissue can be obtained, so as to solve the problem that in the prior art, it is necessary to rely on the oral clinician to observe the patient's dental slices with the naked eye, and to rely on the sparseness of the spatial arrangement of the trabecular bone in the reconstructed image to determine the oral and maxillary bone density. assessment, leading to the problem of poor accuracy of bone mineral density assessment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a method and equipment for measuring bone mineral density through an oral panoramic film.
Background
The dental implant is the most ideal form of edentulous restoration so far, the implementation process is quite complex, before the dental implant is carried out, a patient needs to carry out radiographic inspection on a pre-implant part for carrying out multi-aspect evaluation, wherein the evaluation of the bone density of a implant area is a key step for obtaining the success of dental implant, the accurate, effective and practical measurement of the bone density of jawbone is carried out, and the dental implant has very important guiding function for the formulation of implant and periodontal surgery and the judgment of prognosis. Besides, oral bone loss is an important factor influencing tooth retention and denture repair success, the etiology, occurrence and development rules of the oral bone loss are important, and the internal connection with systemic bone loss such as osteoporosis is important, and the oral bone loss is mainly researched through measurement of bone density of jawbones. Therefore, oral bone density measurement has important clinical value.
In the prior art, oral clinicians usually observe dental films of patients through naked eyes and judge the bone density of jawbone by means of the sparsity degree of spatial arrangement of trabeculae in a reconstructed image. For example, in clinical diagnosis and treatment in oral medicine, medical staff presumes the level of bone density by observing the brightness and the density of trabecular bone in the jaw bone part from a panoramic picture taken before the operation of a patient. However, inexperienced doctors are prone to errors in judgment. Moreover, because the panoramic picture is a two-dimensional image, the brightness of the jaw part is also overlapped with the influence of other tissues in the oral cavity, so the brightness of the jaw cannot accurately reflect the bone density, and the problems of larger error and influence on the success rate of the operation are easily caused because an accurate bone density value is not used as an accurate reference.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a method and a device for measuring bone density by using an oral panoramic film, so as to solve the problems that in the prior art, a density image of a bone tissue cannot be directly obtained, an oral clinician needs to observe a panoramic film shot before a patient by naked eyes, and due to the lack of an accurate bone density value as an accurate reference, a large error is easily caused, and the success rate of an operation is easily affected. The application provides a method for measuring bone mineral density through an oral panoramic film, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sending X-rays around the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map;
s2, respectively acquiring high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body;
s3, the processing unit respectively obtains the high energy X-ray and the low energy X-ray which pass through the scanned body, and the density image of the bone tissue is obtained by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
Optionally, in step S1, the method includes: two radiation sources;
one of the ray sources sends high-energy X rays to a scanned body under a high-pressure exposure condition so as to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data;
and the other radiation source sends low-energy X-rays to the scanned body under the low-pressure exposure condition to obtain a set of low-energy attenuation data.
Optionally, in step S1, the method includes: a radiation source;
the ray source scans twice in the process of acquiring the curved surface tomography projection drawing to respectively obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data;
the radiation source is used for sending high-energy X rays to a scanned body to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data in the process of one scanning under a high-pressure exposure condition;
the radiation source is used for sending low-energy X-rays to a scanned body to obtain a set of low-energy attenuation data during another scanning process under a low-pressure exposure condition.
Optionally, in step S1, the method includes: a radiation source;
the ray source scans once to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data in the process of obtaining the curved surface tomography projection drawing;
in the process of one-time scanning, the ray source alternately sends high-energy X rays to a scanned body under a high-pressure exposure condition or sends low-energy X rays to the scanned body under a low-pressure exposure condition respectively, so that a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data are acquired.
Optionally, in step S1, the method includes: a radiation source; the ray source scans once and sends high-energy X rays towards a scanned body;
in step S2, a radiation receiving mechanism receives high-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body; and the ray receiving mechanism performs attenuation processing on the high-energy X-rays through a filtering principle to obtain low-energy X-rays and receives the low-energy X-rays.
Optionally, in step S3, the method further includes:
respectively acquiring the decomposition coefficient C of the bone tissue according to the reconstruction results of the projection data of the high-energy X-ray and the low-energy X-ray under the high-pressure exposure condition and the low-pressure exposure condition respectively1And the decomposition coefficient C of soft tissue2；
C1Coefficient of decomposition for bone tissue c1Line integral projection value of, C2As a factor c of soft tissue decomposition2The line integral projection value of (a); reconstruction of c using filtered back-projection1、c2And further acquiring an atomic number image and an electron density image so as to obtain a density image of the bone tissue.
Optionally, the attenuation coefficient of the human tissue is: mu ═ c1μb+c2μr
The electron density of human tissue is: rhoe＝c1ρe_b+c2ρe_r
ρe＝(2ρZ)/A
The atomic number of human tissue is:
wherein, mub、μrRespectively the attenuation coefficients of human tissue, bone tissue and soft tissue material, rhoe、ρe_b、ρe_rElectron density, Z, of human tissue, bone tissue, soft tissue material, respectivelyeff、Zb、ZrRespectively the atomic number of human tissue, bone tissue, soft tissue material, c1、c2N is a constant (n is 3 to 4) as a decomposition coefficient. ρ, Z, A represent the density, atomic number, and atomic weight of the material, respectively; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the radiation intensity measurements of the high energy X-rays are:
Ph＝∫Sh(E)exp[-C1μb,h-C2μr,h]dE
the low energy X-rays have a radiation intensity measurement of:
Pl＝∫Sl(E)exp[-C1μb,l-C2μr,l]dE
wherein, Ph: a radiation intensity measurement of high energy X-rays; pl: a radiation intensity measurement of low energy X-rays;
Sh(E) the method comprises the following steps High energy spectrum data; sl(E) The method comprises the following steps Low energy spectrum data;
C1: line integral or attenuated thickness of the decomposition coefficient of bone tissue; c2: line integral or attenuation thickness of the decomposition coefficient of the soft tissue;
μbis the attenuation coefficient of bone tissue; mu.srIs the attenuation coefficient of soft tissue material.
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism that transmits X-rays around a body to be scanned;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map;
and the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
Optionally, the radiation generating mechanism sends high-energy X-rays towards the scanned object; the ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a first detection crystal array, a second detection crystal array and a filter plate, wherein the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array are arranged in an overlapped mode, and the filter plate is arranged between the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array;
optionally, the radiation generating mechanism sends high-energy X-rays towards the scanned object; the ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a detection crystal array and a filter arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; the filter includes: the first filtering part and the second filtering part are arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; and a boundary line between the first filter part and the second filter part is arranged in the same direction as a symmetry axis of the scanned body;
optionally, the radiation generating mechanism sends high-energy X-rays towards the scanned object; the ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a detection crystal array and a filter arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; the filter includes: a third filtering part, which is arranged at one side of the surface of the detection crystal array; and the extending direction of the third filter part is arranged in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body.
Optionally, the radiation generating mechanism includes: a first transmission source for transmitting high-energy X-rays, and a second transmission source for transmitting low-energy X-rays;
optionally, the radiation generating mechanism includes: a first transmission source for transmitting X-rays, and a controller; the controller is electrically connected with the ray generating mechanism and used for controlling the exposure condition of the ray generating mechanism, and the controller controls the first transmitting source to transmit high-energy X rays under the high-pressure exposure condition or controls the first transmitting source to transmit low-energy X rays under the low-pressure exposure condition;
optionally, the radiation generating mechanism includes: the X-ray detector comprises a first transmitting source for transmitting X-rays and a filter arranged at the position of a beam outlet of the first transmitting source; the filter includes: the first filter part and the second filter part are arranged on two sides of the surface of the beam outlet, and the boundary line of the first filter part and the second filter part is arranged in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body, or the filter comprises: and a third filter part arranged on one side of the surface of the beam outlet and having an extension direction in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body.
Optionally, the oral bone density measuring apparatus further comprises:
lifting the upright post;
the skull disk is connected with the lifting upright post through a skull arm, and the second ray receiver is arranged on the skull disk.
Optionally, the oral bone density measuring apparatus further comprises:
the cantilever is arranged on the lifting upright post;
a C-arm drivingly rotatably disposed on the cantilever, the first radiation generator and the first radiation receiver being disposed on opposite sides of the cantilever, respectively;
a jaw supporting arm.
Optionally, the first ray generator is disposed on the C-shaped arm through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the first ray generator to be disposed opposite to the first ray receiver or the second ray receiver.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a method for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, which comprises the following steps: s1, sending X-rays around the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map; s2, respectively acquiring high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body; s3, the processing unit respectively obtains the high energy X-ray and the low energy X-ray which pass through the scanned body, and the density image of the bone tissue is obtained by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
According to the invention, the processing unit respectively acquires high-energy X rays and low-energy X rays which penetrate through the scanned body, so that a curved surface tomography projection image is acquired, and high-energy projection data and low-energy projection data are acquired. According to the reconstruction result of the projection data under high energy and low energy, the data can be respectively obtainedCoefficient of decomposition of bone tissue C1And the decomposition coefficient C of soft tissue2(ii) a And then passed through an image reconstruction algorithm, such as filtered backprojection. The decomposition coefficient c of the bone tissue can be reconstructed1And soft tissue decomposition coefficient c2And further acquiring an atomic number image and an electron density image so as to obtain a density image of the bone tissue. The density image of the bone tissue can be directly obtained through the mode, so that the problem that in the prior art, an oral clinician is required to observe a dental film of a patient through naked eyes, an accurate bone density numerical value is lacked as an accurate reference, and the accuracy of bone density evaluation is poor is effectively solved. Moreover, the problem that the brightness of the jaw bone cannot accurately reflect the bone density because the brightness of the jaw bone is superimposed with the influence of other tissues in the oral cavity when medical workers estimate the bone density according to the panoramic image because the panoramic image is a two-dimensional image in the prior art is also solved.
2. The method for measuring bone density through a panoramic oral film provided by the invention comprises the following steps in step S1: two radiation sources; one of the ray sources sends high-energy X rays to a scanned body under a high-pressure exposure condition so as to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data; and the other radiation source sends low-energy X-rays to the scanned body under the low-pressure exposure condition to obtain a set of low-energy attenuation data.
The controller can control the ray generating mechanism to simultaneously send high-energy X rays and low-energy X rays under the high-pressure exposure condition and the low-pressure exposure condition respectively, so that the oral cavity bone density measuring efficiency is effectively improved.
3. The method for measuring bone density through a panoramic oral film provided by the invention comprises the following steps in step S1: a radiation source; the ray source scans twice in the process of acquiring the curved surface tomography projection drawing to respectively obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data; the radiation source is used for sending high-energy X rays to a scanned body to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data in the process of one scanning under a high-pressure exposure condition; the radiation source is used for sending low-energy X-rays to a scanned body to obtain a set of low-energy attenuation data during another scanning process under a low-pressure exposure condition.
A group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data which are required are obtained by scanning one ray source twice, two ray sources are not required to be arranged, and the production and maintenance cost of the oral panoramic equipment can be effectively reduced.
4. The method for measuring bone density through a panoramic oral film provided by the invention comprises the following steps in step S1: a radiation source; the ray source scans once to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data in the process of obtaining the curved surface tomography projection drawing; in the process of one-time scanning, the ray source alternately sends high-energy X rays to a scanned body under a high-pressure exposure condition or sends low-energy X rays to the scanned body under a low-pressure exposure condition respectively, so that a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data are acquired.
One ray source alternately sends high-energy X rays and low-energy X rays in the process of one-time scanning, so that two ray sources are not needed to be arranged, and the production and maintenance cost is effectively saved. Meanwhile, a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data can be obtained through one-time scanning process, so that the oral cavity bone density measurement efficiency is effectively improved.
5. The method for measuring bone density through a panoramic oral film provided by the invention comprises the following steps in step S1: a radiation source; the ray source scans once and sends high-energy X rays towards a scanned body; in step S2, a radiation receiving mechanism receives high-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body; and the ray receiving mechanism performs attenuation processing on the high-energy X-rays through a filtering principle to obtain low-energy X-rays and receives the low-energy X-rays.
The invention adopts high-energy X-rays to irradiate and scan a patient in the process of shooting the patient and obtains the high-energy X-rays which penetrate through a scanned body. In addition, the invention also obtains low-energy X-rays by carrying out attenuation treatment on the high-energy X-rays and receives the low-energy X-rays. By the method, the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays which penetrate through the patient to be detected can be obtained respectively, so that high-energy projection data and low-energy projection data are obtained.
6. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through a panoramic picture of an oral cavity, which comprises: a radiation generating mechanism that transmits X-rays around a body to be scanned; a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map; and the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
The ray receiving mechanism can acquire high-energy X rays and low-energy X rays which penetrate through the scanned body, so that a curved surface tomography projection image is acquired, high-energy projection data and low-energy projection data are acquired, and a density image of bone tissues is acquired. The density image of the bone tissue can be directly obtained through the mode, so that the problem that in the prior art, an oral clinician is required to observe a dental film of a patient through naked eyes, an accurate bone density numerical value is lacked as an accurate reference, and the accuracy of bone density evaluation is poor is effectively solved. Moreover, the problem that the brightness of the jaw bone cannot accurately reflect the bone density because the brightness of the jaw bone is superimposed with the influence of other tissues in the oral cavity when medical workers estimate the bone density according to the panoramic image because the panoramic image is a two-dimensional image in the prior art is also solved.
7. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, which comprises a ray receiving mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a first detection crystal array, a second detection crystal array and a filter plate, wherein the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array are arranged in an overlapping mode, and the filter plate is arranged between the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array.
According to the invention, the filter is arranged between the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array, the filter can shape rays to reduce the energy overlapping area of the high-energy X rays and the low-energy X rays, and the energy is respectively detected through the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array, so that high-energy projection data and low-energy projection data are obtained, and further dual-energy CT image reconstruction is carried out.
8. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, which comprises a ray receiving mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a detection crystal array and a filter arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; the filter includes: the first filtering part and the second filtering part are arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; and a boundary line between the first filter part and the second filter part is arranged in the same direction as a symmetry axis of the scanned body;
the first and second filter units are provided on the surface of the probe crystal array, and have different transmittances. The first filtering part with high transmissivity obtains high-energy X rays, the second filtering part with low transmissivity obtains low-energy X rays, and then the two high-energy X rays and the low-energy X rays are respectively received by the detecting crystal array.
9. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, which comprises a ray receiving mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a detection crystal array and a filter arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; the filter includes: a third filtering part, which is arranged at one side of the surface of the detection crystal array; and the extending direction of the third filter part is arranged in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body.
One side of the detection crystal array is not provided with a filter, and the other side is provided with a filter. The side of the crystal array not provided with the filter is detected to obtain high-energy X-rays, and the side provided with the filter is detected to obtain low-energy X-rays. The detecting crystal array respectively receives the two high and low energy X-rays
10. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, wherein the ray generating mechanism comprises: a first transmission source for transmitting high-energy X-rays, and a second transmission source for transmitting low-energy X-rays;
by providing a first transmission source for transmitting high energy X-rays and a second transmission source for transmitting low energy X-rays. Therefore, in the process of shooting the patient, the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays are adopted to respectively irradiate and scan the patient, and high-energy projection data and low-energy projection data are obtained. The density image of the bone tissue can be quickly and effectively obtained, so that the problem of poor accuracy of bone density estimation caused by the fact that an oral clinician needs to observe a dental film of a patient through naked eyes in the prior art is solved.
11. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, wherein the ray generating mechanism comprises: a first transmission source for transmitting X-rays, and a controller; the controller is electrically connected with the ray generating mechanism and used for controlling the exposure condition of the ray generating mechanism, and the controller controls the first transmitting source to transmit high-energy X rays under the high-pressure exposure condition or controls the first transmitting source to transmit low-energy X rays under the low-pressure exposure condition;
the controller can control the first transmitting source to respectively transmit high-energy X rays and low-energy X rays under the high-pressure exposure condition and the low-pressure exposure condition, so that the density image of the bone tissue is effectively obtained, and the cost for arranging two transmitting sources is saved.
12. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, wherein the ray generating mechanism comprises: the X-ray detector comprises a first transmitting source for transmitting X-rays and a filter arranged at the position of a beam outlet of the first transmitting source; the filter includes: and the first filtering part and the second filtering part are arranged on two sides of the surface of the beam outlet, and the boundary lines of the first filtering part and the second filtering part are arranged in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body.
The first filtering part and the second filtering part which are arranged in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the beam outlet of the first transmitting source. High-energy X-rays are emitted through the first filter unit, and low-energy X-rays are emitted through the second filter unit. The first transmitting source can effectively transmit the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays at the same time, so that the transmission of the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays can be completed through lower production and manufacturing cost.
13. The invention provides a device for measuring bone density through an oral panoramic film, wherein the ray generating mechanism comprises: the X-ray detector comprises a first transmitting source for transmitting X-rays and a filter arranged at the position of a beam outlet of the first transmitting source; the filter includes: and a third filter part arranged on one side of the surface of the beam outlet and having an extension direction in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body.
The third filtering part is arranged on one side of the surface of the beam outlet of the first transmitting source. High-energy X-rays are emitted through the air without passing through the third filter unit, and low-energy X-rays are emitted through the third filter unit. The first transmitting source can effectively transmit the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays at the same time, so that the transmission of the high-energy X-rays and the low-energy X-rays can be completed through lower production and manufacturing cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a maxillofacial cone beam CT with function of measuring density of oral bone according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a oromaxillofacial cone beam CT with function of measuring density of oral bone provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of relative positions of the first filter part and the second filter part with respect to the scanned object according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a first ray generator; 2-a first radiation receiver; 3-a second radiation receiver; 4-lifting upright columns; 5-cranial disc; 6-skull arm; 7-a cantilever; 8-C shaped arm; 9-jaw supporting arm; 10-a first filtration section; 11-a second filtration section; 12-teeth.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A method of measuring bone density through an oral panorama comprising the steps of:
s1, sending X-rays around the tooth 12 so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection view; in step S1, the method includes: two radiation sources; one of the radiation sources transmits high-energy X-rays to the tooth 12 under high-pressure exposure conditions to obtain a set of high-energy attenuation data; the other of the sources transmits low energy X-rays to the tooth 12 under low pressure exposure conditions to obtain a set of low energy attenuation data;
s2, respectively acquiring high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body;
s3, the processing unit respectively obtains the high energy X-ray and the low energy X-ray which pass through the scanned body, and the density image of the bone tissue is obtained by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
In this embodiment, the method for measuring oral bone density further includes, in step S3:
respectively acquiring the decomposition coefficient C of the bone tissue according to the reconstruction results of the projection data of the high-energy X-ray and the low-energy X-ray under the high-pressure exposure condition and the low-pressure exposure condition respectively1And the decomposition coefficient C of soft tissue2；
C1Coefficient of decomposition for bone tissue c1Line integral projection value of, C2As a factor c of soft tissue decomposition2The line integral projection value of (a); reconstruction of c using filtered back-projection1、c2And further acquiring an atomic number image and an electron density image so as to obtain a density image of the bone tissue.
According to the invention, the processing unit respectively acquires high-energy X rays and low-energy X rays which penetrate through the scanned body, so that a curved surface tomography projection image is acquired, and high-energy projection data and low-energy projection data are acquired. According to the reconstruction result of the projection data under high and low energy, the decomposition coefficient C of the bone tissue can be respectively obtained1And the decomposition coefficient C of soft tissue2(ii) a And then passed through an image reconstruction algorithm, such as filtered backprojection. The decomposition coefficient c of the bone tissue can be reconstructed1And soft tissue decomposition coefficient c2And further acquiring an atomic number image and an electron density image so as to obtain a density image of the bone tissue. The density image of the bone tissue can be directly obtained through the mode, so that the problem that in the prior art, an oral clinician is required to observe a dental film of a patient through naked eyes, and the accurate bone density numerical value is lacked as an accurate reference, so that the accurate evaluation of the bone density accuracy is causedPoor in the properties. Moreover, the problem that the brightness of the jaw bone cannot accurately reflect the bone density because the brightness of the jaw bone is superimposed with the influence of other tissues in the oral cavity when medical workers estimate the bone density according to the panoramic image because the panoramic image is a two-dimensional image in the prior art is also solved.
In this embodiment, the attenuation coefficient of human tissue is: mu ═ c1μb+c2μr
The electron density of human tissue is: rhoe＝c1ρe_b+c2ρe_r
ρe＝(2ρZ)/A
The atomic number of human tissue is:
wherein, mub、μrRespectively the attenuation coefficients of human tissue, bone tissue and soft tissue material, rhoe、ρe_b、ρe_rElectron density, Z, of human tissue, bone tissue, soft tissue material, respectivelyeff、Zb、ZrRespectively the atomic number of human tissue, bone tissue, soft tissue material, c1、c2N is a constant (n is 3 to 4) as a decomposition coefficient. ρ, Z, A represent the density, atomic number, and atomic weight of the material, respectively.
The radiation intensity measurements of the high energy X-rays are:
Ph＝∫Sh(E)exp[-C1μb,h-C2μr,h]dE
the low energy X-rays have a radiation intensity measurement of:
Pl＝∫Sl(E)exp[-C1μb,l-C2μr,l]dE
wherein, Ph: a radiation intensity measurement of high energy X-rays; pl: a radiation intensity measurement of low energy X-rays;
Sh(E) the method comprises the following steps Is a high energy spectrum numberAccordingly; sl(E) The method comprises the following steps Low energy spectrum data;
C1: line integral or attenuated thickness of the decomposition coefficient of bone tissue; c2: line integral or attenuation thickness of the decomposition coefficient of the soft tissue;
μbis the attenuation coefficient of bone tissue; mu.srIs the attenuation coefficient of soft tissue material.
Example 2
A method of measuring bone density through an oral panorama comprising the steps of:
s1, sending X-rays around the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map; in step S1, the method includes: a radiation source; the ray source scans twice in the process of acquiring the curved surface tomography projection drawing to respectively obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data; the radiation source is used for sending high-energy X rays to a scanned body to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data in the process of one scanning under a high-pressure exposure condition; the radiation source is used for sending low-energy X rays to a scanned body to obtain a group of low-energy attenuation data in the other scanning process under the low-pressure exposure condition;
s2, respectively acquiring high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body;
s3, the processing unit respectively obtains the high energy X-ray and the low energy X-ray which pass through the scanned body, and the density image of the bone tissue is obtained by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
Example 3
A method of measuring bone density through an oral panorama comprising the steps of:
s1, sending X-rays around the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map; in step S1, the method includes: a radiation source; the ray source scans once to obtain a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data in the process of obtaining the curved surface tomography projection drawing; in the process of one-time scanning, the ray source alternately sends high-energy X rays to a scanned body under a high-pressure exposure condition or sends low-energy X rays to the scanned body under a low-pressure exposure condition respectively, so that a group of high-energy attenuation data and a group of low-energy attenuation data are obtained;
s2, respectively acquiring high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body;
s3, the processing unit respectively obtains the high energy X-ray and the low energy X-ray which pass through the scanned body, and the density image of the bone tissue is obtained by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
Example 4
A method of measuring bone density through an oral panorama comprising the steps of:
s1, sending X-rays around the scanned body so as to acquire a curved surface tomography projection map; in step S1, the method includes: a radiation source; the ray source scans once and sends high-energy X rays towards a scanned body;
s2, respectively acquiring high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays which pass through the scanned body; in step S2, a radiation receiving mechanism receives high-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body; the ray receiving mechanism is used for attenuating the high-energy X-rays through a filtering principle to obtain low-energy X-rays and receiving the low-energy X-rays;
s3, the processing unit respectively obtains the high energy X-ray and the low energy X-ray which pass through the scanned body, and the density image of the bone tissue is obtained by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
Example 5
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism that transmits high-energy X-rays toward a scanned object;
and the ray receiving mechanism is used for receiving the high-energy X rays and the low-energy X rays which penetrate through the scanned body. The ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a first detection crystal array, a second detection crystal array and a filter plate, wherein the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array are arranged in an overlapped mode, and the filter plate is arranged between the first detection crystal array and the second detection crystal array; (ii) a
The processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm;
a lifting upright column 4;
the skull disk 5 is connected with the lifting upright post 4 through a skull arm 6, and the second ray receiver 3 is arranged on the skull disk 5.
The cantilever 7 is arranged on the lifting upright post 4;
a C-arm 8, which is rotationally arranged on the cantilever 7 in a driven manner, wherein the first ray generator 1 and the first ray receiver 2 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cantilever 7; the first ray generator 1 is arranged on the C-shaped arm 8 through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the first ray generator 1 to be arranged opposite to the first ray receiver 2 or the second ray receiver 3;
a jaw supporting arm 9 for supporting the lower jaw of the head of the human body.
Example 6
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism that transmits high-energy X-rays toward a scanned object;
and the ray receiving mechanism is used for receiving the high-energy X rays and the low-energy X rays which penetrate through the scanned body. As shown in fig. 3, the radiation receiving mechanism includes: the device comprises a detection crystal array and a filter arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; the filter includes: a first filter part 10 and a second filter part 11 provided on the surface of the detection crystal array; a boundary between the first filter unit 10 and the second filter unit 11 is provided in the same direction as a symmetry axis of the object;
the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm;
a lifting upright column 4;
the skull disk 5 is connected with the lifting upright post 4 through a skull arm 6, and the second ray receiver 3 is arranged on the skull disk 5.
The cantilever 7 is arranged on the lifting upright post 4;
a C-arm 8, which is rotationally arranged on the cantilever 7 in a driven manner, wherein the first ray generator 1 and the first ray receiver 2 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cantilever 7; the first ray generator 1 is arranged on the C-shaped arm 8 through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the first ray generator 1 to be arranged opposite to the first ray receiver 2 or the second ray receiver 3;
a jaw supporting arm 9 for supporting the lower jaw of the head of the human body.
Example 7
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism that transmits high-energy X-rays toward a scanned object;
the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm;
and the ray receiving mechanism is used for receiving the high-energy X rays and the low-energy X rays which penetrate through the scanned body. The ray receiving mechanism comprises: the device comprises a detection crystal array and a filter arranged on the surface of the detection crystal array; the filter includes: a third filtering part, which is arranged at one side of the surface of the detection crystal array; and the extending direction of the third filter part is arranged in the same direction with the symmetry axis of the scanned body.
Example 8
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism for transmitting a first transmission source of high-energy X-rays and a second transmission source of low-energy X-rays;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body;
the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm;
a lifting upright column 4;
the skull disk 5 is connected with the lifting upright post 4 through a skull arm 6, and the second ray receiver 3 is arranged on the skull disk 5.
The cantilever 7 is arranged on the lifting upright post 4;
a C-arm 8, which is rotationally arranged on the cantilever 7 in a driven manner, wherein the first ray generator 1 and the first ray receiver 2 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cantilever 7; the first ray generator 1 is arranged on the C-shaped arm 8 through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the first ray generator 1 to be arranged opposite to the first ray receiver 2 or the second ray receiver 3;
a jaw supporting arm 9 for supporting the lower jaw of the head of the human body.
Example 9
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism comprising: a first transmission source for transmitting X-rays, and a controller; the controller is electrically connected with the ray generating mechanism and used for controlling the exposure condition of the ray generating mechanism, and the controller controls the first transmitting source to transmit high-energy X rays under the high-pressure exposure condition or controls the first transmitting source to transmit low-energy X rays under the low-pressure exposure condition;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body;
the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm;
a lifting upright column 4;
the skull disk 5 is connected with the lifting upright post 4 through a skull arm 6, and the second ray receiver 3 is arranged on the skull disk 5.
The cantilever 7 is arranged on the lifting upright post 4;
a C-arm 8, which is rotationally arranged on the cantilever 7 in a driven manner, wherein the first ray generator 1 and the first ray receiver 2 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cantilever 7; the first ray generator 1 is arranged on the C-shaped arm 8 through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the first ray generator 1 to be arranged opposite to the first ray receiver 2 or the second ray receiver 3;
a jaw supporting arm 9 for supporting the lower jaw of the head of the human body.
Example 10
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism comprising: the X-ray detector comprises a first transmitting source for transmitting X-rays and a filter arranged at the position of a beam outlet of the first transmitting source; the filter includes: a first filter part 10 and a second filter part 11 which are arranged on both sides of the surface of the beam outlet and whose boundary lines are arranged in the same direction as the symmetry axis of the scanned object;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body;
the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm;
a lifting upright column 4;
the skull disk 5 is connected with the lifting upright post 4 through a skull arm 6, and the second ray receiver 3 is arranged on the skull disk 5.
The cantilever 7 is arranged on the lifting upright post 4;
a C-arm 8, which is rotationally arranged on the cantilever 7 in a driven manner, wherein the first ray generator 1 and the first ray receiver 2 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cantilever 7; the first ray generator 1 is arranged on the C-shaped arm 8 through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the first ray generator 1 to be arranged opposite to the first ray receiver 2 or the second ray receiver 3;
a jaw supporting arm 9 for supporting the lower jaw of the head of the human body.
Example 11
An apparatus for measuring bone density through an oral panorama, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
a radiation generating mechanism comprising: the X-ray detector comprises a first transmitting source for transmitting X-rays and a filter arranged at the position of a beam outlet of the first transmitting source; the filter includes: a third filter part which is arranged at one side of the surface of the beam outlet and has the same extending direction with the symmetrical axis of the scanned body;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body;
a radiation receiving mechanism for receiving high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays that have passed through the scanned body;
and the processing unit is used for obtaining a density image of the bone tissue by adopting an image reconstruction algorithm.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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