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CN112703332A - 盘式制动器的制动钳和盘式制动器 - Google Patents

盘式制动器的制动钳和盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN112703332A
CN112703332A CN201980059019.4A CN201980059019A CN112703332A CN 112703332 A CN112703332 A CN 112703332A CN 201980059019 A CN201980059019 A CN 201980059019A CN 112703332 A CN112703332 A CN 112703332A
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brake
caliper
pressing section
disc
pressing
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CN112703332B (zh
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T·费施尔
W·普里茨
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/005Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0068Brake calipers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/2255Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is pivoted
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0016Brake calipers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/22Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting transversely to the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/28Cams; Levers with cams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/22Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting transversely to the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/28Cams; Levers with cams
    • F16D2125/32Cams; Levers with cams acting on one cam follower
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/58Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
    • F16D2125/64Levers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种商用车的盘式制动器的制动钳,尤其是滑动钳,具有:包围用于接纳至少一个压紧设备的接纳空间的压紧区段(23);钳背部(21);两个基本上彼此平行并且彼此具有距离地延伸的将压紧区段(23)与钳背部(21)相互连接的拉条(22);封闭接纳空间的封闭盖;用于将可偏转的制动杆支撑在压紧区段(23)的背离封闭盖的侧上的接口(26),其中,在压紧区段(23)、钳背部(21)和拉条(22)之间构成用于装入和移除制动衬面的装配开口(27),其中,压紧区段(23)的长度(d2)与压紧区段(23)和拉条(22)的长度的总和(a2)的比例在0.4和0.3之间。

Description

盘式制动器的制动钳和盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及按照权利要求1的前序部分的商用车的盘式制动器的制动钳、尤其是的滑动鞍以及盘式制动器。
背景技术
制动钳作为盘式制动器、尤其是用于商用车的盘式制动器的组成部分主要用于,接纳用于制动运行需要的功能部件。
特别是包括螺杆单元的压紧设备属于此,所述螺杆单元包括受压件,所述压紧设备在制动过程中将在制动支架中支撑的制动衬面朝向盘式制动器的制动盘挤压。
在该过程中,螺杆单元向盘方向运动。一旦压紧侧的衬面与制动盘处于接触中,则通过产生的反力,制动钳这样移动,使得在钳背部的区域中设置的第二制动衬面朝制动盘的方向被推动。一旦该反应侧的制动衬面也接触盘,则产生制动作用。
压紧单元此外用于保证制动衬面和制动盘之间的恒定的空隙随着制动衬面的磨损增加进一步朝制动盘方向伸出。
用于压紧过程需要的压紧力在此通过偏心于螺杆单元支撑的制动杆产生。制动杆本身通常由压缩空气缸操纵,所述压缩空气缸紧固在制动钳的压紧区段的背离制动盘的侧上,其中,该压紧区段具有用于接纳至少一个压紧设备的接纳空间,所述压紧设备包含以上所述的螺杆单元。
整个压紧力在此通过制动钳支承。制动钳在此基于引导通过压紧区段、钳背部和尤其是拉条中的各部分的力流而变形。
拉条必须在此与结构空间相关地薄壁并且以小的横截面实施。因此需要的是,将在制动过程中出现的应力的集中通过制动钳的合适的几何结构走向这样分布,使得可以确保制动钳的高的使用寿命。
为了装配压紧设备的构件在压紧区段中,所述压紧设备设计有开口,所述开口通过底板在装配所述构件之后封闭。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,如下改善制动钳,使得在制动过程中出现的应力进一步减少,以便提高制动钳的使用寿命并且同时保持对于实现要求的制动力矩的高的刚度。
该任务通过具有权利要求1的特征的商用车的盘式制动器的制动钳、尤其是滑动钳解决。
所述任务此外通过具有权利要求4的特征的尤其是用于商用车的盘式制动器解决。
按照本发明的制动钳具有包围用于接纳至少一个压紧设备的接纳空间的压紧区段。所述制动钳此外具有钳背部和两个基本上平行并且彼此具有距离延伸的将压紧区段和钳背部相互连接的拉条。
制动钳此外具有封闭接纳空间的封闭盖以及用于将可偏转的制动杆支撑在压紧区段的背离封闭盖的侧上的接口。
在压紧区段、钳背部和拉条之间构成用于装入和移除制动衬面的装配开口。
压紧区段的长度与压紧区段和拉条的长度的总和的比例在此为0.4和0.3之间。
通过该长度比能够实现在制动过程中拉条的较大的变形,这导致在制动钳中出现的应力的减少,在所述长度比例情况下,相对于由现有技术已知的制动钳,拉条相对于压紧区段较长地构成。
然而,拉条的较长的构成从确定的长度比起导致制动钳的总刚度的降低并且这样限定压紧区段的长度与压紧区段和拉条的长度的总和之间的优化的比例的范围。
本发明的有利的实施变型方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据一种优选的实施变型方案,压紧区段的长度与压紧区段和拉条的长度的总和的比例为0.38和0.36之间。
该比例产生在制动钳的同时高的刚度情况下优化的应力减小。
按照另一种优选的实施变型方案,用于支撑制动杆的接口具有柱销。
制动杆支撑在由现有技术已知的制动钳中通常通过滚针轴承进行,从而通过借助圆柱销支撑制动杆,用于接口的壁厚可以被增大,这总体上缩短制动钳的总支承长度。
按照本发明的制动钳的其他的优点在于如下可能性,对于制动钳可以使用费用较少的、高强度的铸造材料。
制动钳的通过按照本发明的几何结构实现的较高的使用寿命在此在没有用于铸造制动钳的附加的材料的情况下而实现。
用于商用车的按照本发明的盘式制动器具有制动盘、搭接制动盘的制动钳以及包围制动盘的制动支架。在制动盘两侧有制动衬面支撑在制动支架中。盘式制动器此外具有压紧设备以及在制动钳上支撑的制动杆,利用所述压紧设备,制动衬面可按压到制动盘上。制动钳在此如以上说明的构成。
附图说明
接着借助后续的附图进一步说明优选的实施例。:
图1示出按照现有技术的包括制动钳、制动盘和制动支架的盘式制动器的示意俯视图;
图2示出按照现有技术的在图1中示出的制动钳的示意的剖面图,其中示出制动钳的压紧区段的长度与压紧区段和拉条的长度的总和的比例;
图3和4示出按照本发明的优选的实施变型方案的盘式制动器和制动钳的对应于图1和2的图。
具体实施方式
在后续对附图的说明中,术语如上、下、左、右、前、后等仅涉及制动钳、制动盘、制动衬面、压紧区段、钳背部、拉条等在相应的图中选择的示例性的图示和位置。这些术语不应受限制地理解,即,通过不同的工作位置或镜像对称的设计或类似物,这些关系可以改变。
在图1中利用附图标记1表示盘式制动器,如其由现有技术原则上已知的。
盘式制动器1具有制动盘4、搭接制动盘4的制动钳200和包围制动盘4的制动支架3。在制动盘4两侧在制动支架3中支撑制动衬面5。
制动钳200在此基本上包括钳背部210、包围用于接纳至少一个压紧设备的接纳空间的压紧区段230以及两个基本上平行并且彼此具有距离地延伸的将压紧区段230和钳背部210相互连接的拉条220。
在压紧区段230的背离制动盘4的侧上,成形用于支撑可偏转的制动杆的接口260,所述制动杆通过从在这里未示出的制动缸伸出的挺杆在操纵盘式制动器时偏转。
图3示出按照本发明的一种实施变型方案的盘式制动器1。
该盘式制动器1也基本上以如图1所述盘式制动器类似的方式构造,包括制动盘4、搭接制动盘4的制动钳2、包围制动盘4的制动支架3以及在制动盘4两侧在制动支架3上支撑的制动衬面5和压紧设备6,利用所述压紧设备,制动衬面5沿平行于制动盘4的旋转轴线的方向x可按压到制动盘4上。
如在图1和3中此外可识别的,用于接纳压紧设备6的接纳空间通过封闭盖25朝压紧侧的制动衬面5封闭,其中,压紧单元的在这里以附图标记6标出的部分以螺杆单元的结构通过在封闭盖25、250中的开口朝压紧侧的制动衬面5方向伸出。
如图1和3或图2和4的比较示出的(图2和4示出在图1和3中示出的制动钳的相应的剖面图),在按照图3和4的制动钳2中,拉条22比由现有技术已知的制动钳200的拉条220更长地构成。
在图2和4中,利用附图标记a1、a2表示压紧区段23、230和在图像右边的拉条22、220的长度的总和,而附图标记d1表示压紧区段230的长度并且d2表示压紧区段23的长度。
压紧区段23的长度d2与压紧区段23和拉条22的长度的总和a2的比例为0.4和0.3之间、特别优选为0.38和0.36之间,而在由现有技术已知的制动钳中的对应的比例为大约0.5,也就是说,压紧区段23的长度大致对应于拉条220的长度。
通过拉条的延长和压紧区段23的长度的与此伴随的缩短,拉条22在朝向装配开口27的边缘24的区域中的可能的变形相对于按照现有技术的制动钳200的拉条220显著提高,这导致在制动过程中在制动钳内出现的应力的减小并且这样降低在制动钳内的裂纹形成的风险。
制动钳的通过压紧区段23、钳背部21和拉条22形成的装配开口27的增大此外使制动衬面5的装入和移除变得容易。
如由图2和4的比较此外得出的,在用于支撑制动杆的接口26的区域中的制动钳2的壁厚w2相对于由现有技术已知的制动钳200的壁厚w1增大地构成,由此同样制动钳的总支承长度、即压紧区段23和拉条22的长度的总和a2缩短。
用于支撑制动杆的接口26在这里优选具有小的直径的柱销。在由现有技术已知的制动钳中,与之相反通常使用具有大的直径的滚针轴承,其基于在车辆中的限定的结构空间引起制动钳200的接口的较薄的壁厚w1并且借此增大制动钳200的总支承长度。
附图标记列表
1盘式制动器
2制动钳
21钳背部
22拉条
23压紧区段
24边缘
25封闭盖
26接口
27装配开口
3制动支架
4制动盘
5制动衬面
6压紧设备
7再调节设备
200制动钳
210钳背部
220拉条
230压紧区段
240边缘
250封闭盖
260接口
270装配开口
a1压紧区段和拉条的长度的总和
a2压紧区段和拉条的长度的总和
d1压紧区段的长度
d2压紧区段的长度
w1接口的壁厚
w2接口的壁厚

Claims (4)

1.商用车的盘式制动器(1)的制动钳(2),尤其是滑动钳,所述制动钳具有
包围用于接纳至少一个压紧设备(6)的接纳空间的压紧区段(23),
钳背部(21),
两个基本上彼此平行并且彼此具有距离地延伸的将压紧区段(23)与钳背部(21)相互连接的拉条(22),
封闭接纳空间的封闭盖(25),
用于将可偏转的制动杆支撑在压紧区段(23)的背离封闭盖(25)的侧上的接口(26),其中,在压紧区段(23)、钳背部(21)和拉条(22)之间构成用于装入和移除制动衬面(5)的装配开口(27),
其特征在于,
压紧区段(23)的长度与压紧区段(23)和拉条(22)的长度的总和的比例在0.4和0.3之间。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制动钳,其特征在于,压紧区段(23)的长度与压紧区段(23)和拉条(22)的长度的总和的比例在0.38和0.36之间。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的制动钳,其特征在于,用于支撑制动杆的接口(26)具有柱销。
4.盘式制动器(1)、尤其是用于商用车,具有:
制动盘(4);
搭接制动盘(4)的制动钳(2);
包围制动盘(4)的制动支架(3);
在制动盘(4)两侧在制动支架(3)中支撑的制动衬面(5);
压紧设备(6),制动衬面(5)能利用所述压紧设备被按压到制动盘(4)上,
支撑在制动钳(2)上的制动杆,
其特征在于,
制动钳(2)按照上述权利要求之一所述地构成。
CN201980059019.4A 2018-09-10 2019-08-26 盘式制动器的制动钳和盘式制动器 Active CN112703332B (zh)

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