CN112690757B - Pressure damage monitoring and feedback equipment and feedback regulation system - Google Patents
Pressure damage monitoring and feedback equipment and feedback regulation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pressure damage monitoring and feedback device and a feedback adjusting system, belonging to the technical field of monitoring devices, wherein a pressure acquisition component and a transmission component are arranged in a flexible shell of the device; the pressure acquisition assembly is connected with the control assembly; the pressure acquisition component is used for acquiring contact pressure information of the target part; and the transmission component is used for receiving and transmitting the contact pressure information. And the control component receives the contact pressure information of the target part, so that the internal stress of the deep tissue corresponding to the contact pressure information is calculated, and when the internal stress reaches the pressure damage threshold value, an early warning is given out. According to the invention, the internal stress of the deep tissue corresponding to the contact pressure information of the external surface is predicted by measuring the contact pressure information of the external surface, and the monitoring of the pressure damage of the deep tissue is realized, so that early warning is given out in the early stage of the pressure damage, intervention is carried out, the occurrence of the pressure damage is effectively prevented, and the method is convenient and rapid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to pressure damage monitoring and feedback equipment and a feedback adjusting system.
Background
Pressure injure refers to localized damage to the skin and/or soft tissue under the bony prominences, medical or other medical devices due to intense and/or long-standing pressure or pressure in combination with shear forces. It often occurs in areas where body surface bones protrude, bear weight or pressure, such as the hips, buttocks, heels, elbows, and the like. The incidence of stress injuries is 1-56% worldwide, and studies have shown that the average hospitalization time (20.9 days) of patients with stage 2 stress injuries is much longer than that of patients without stress injuries (12.7 days), and the medical cost is about $ 110 billion. The pressure injury prolongs the hospitalization time of the patient, reduces the life quality of the patient, increases the death risk of the patient, and is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in clinical work.
In the prior art, the bony protuberance is pressed, the pressure of the bony protuberance is reduced layer by layer from inside to outside, uneven volume change is generated inside tissues due to the pressing, internal stress of the tissues is generated, internal strain of deep tissues is caused, deep tissue damage is formed, the stage is the type with the most serious pressure damage, early identification from a surface layer is difficult, and the curing difficulty is large. Accurate monitoring of strain in soft tissue is particularly important in preventing the occurrence of pressure injury. Foreign scholars develop an algorithm for deducing internal strain of soft tissue by external pressure based on a reduced-order modeling technology, but the model does not utilize human body specific geometric parameters, and the degree of irreversible damage of cells caused by internal strain of soft tissue is not clear, and related documents are not found in China. Meanwhile, the existing pressure monitoring system has the defects of unstable pressure monitoring, higher cost, unclear safety and the like.
Therefore, how to effectively prevent the pressure injury becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a pressure-induced damage monitoring and feedback device and a feedback adjustment system, so as to monitor pressure-induced damage, intervene when a pressure-induced damage trend occurs, and effectively prevent the occurrence of pressure-induced damage.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, a pressure injury monitoring and feedback device includes: a housing, the housing being a flexible housing; a pressure acquisition assembly and a transmission assembly are arranged in the shell; the pressure acquisition assembly is connected with the control assembly;
the pressure acquisition component is used for acquiring contact pressure information of a target part;
the transmission component is used for receiving and transmitting the contact pressure information;
the control assembly is configured to: identifying deformation images of each layer of soft tissue of the pressed part of the sample; determining the internal stress of each layer of soft tissue when being pressed based on the deformation image and preset processing software; and constructing a three-dimensional finite element model of the relationship between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue.
Optionally, the control component is connected to the transmission component;
the control component is used for receiving contact pressure information of a target part, calculating internal stress of deep tissues corresponding to the contact pressure information according to the contact pressure information, and determining the damage condition of the target part according to the internal stress and a pressure damage threshold of the target part.
Optionally, the method further includes: an early warning component;
the early warning assembly is connected with the control assembly;
when the internal stress on the target part is greater than the pressure damage threshold value, the control component sends a pressure damage early warning instruction;
and the early warning component is used for carrying out early warning according to the pressure damage early warning instruction.
Optionally, the control component is configured to: acquiring soft tissue internal strain information of the target part according to the contact pressure information based on a three-dimensional finite element model of a relationship between preset pressure information and deep soft tissue internal strain degree; and acquiring a pressure damage threshold of the target part according to the internal strain information.
Optionally, the control component is configured to: determining a sample set, wherein the sample set comprises a plurality of samples; identifying deformation images of each layer of soft tissue of the pressed part of the sample based on a magnetic resonance imaging technology; determining the internal stress of each layer of soft tissue when being pressed based on the deformation image and preset processing software; constructing a three-dimensional finite element model of the relationship between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue;
determining the cell deformation condition of the soft tissue based on a biological impedance principle and the internal strain information, and constructing a deep soft tissue internal strain and pressure injury threshold relation;
and determining a relation between contact pressure information and a pressure injury threshold value according to the three-dimensional finite element model for determining the relation between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue and the relation between the internal strain of the deep soft tissue and the pressure injury threshold value.
Optionally, the method further includes: a wireless component;
the wireless component is connected with the control component;
the control assembly is connected with a preset terminal through the wireless assembly, so that the control assembly sends the contact pressure information or the pressure damage threshold of the target part to the preset terminal.
Optionally, the pressure obtaining assembly includes: a distributed pressure sensor based on a conductive polymer material;
the distributed pressure sensor is used for attaching to a target part and monitoring contact pressure information of the target part;
and the control component triggers the early warning component to carry out early warning when the pressure value of any single monitoring point of the distributed pressure sensor exceeds a pressure damage threshold value.
Optionally, the method further includes: a display component;
the display component is connected with the control component;
the display component is used for displaying the damage condition and the pressure damage threshold.
Optionally, the device comprises a smart dressing.
In another aspect, a pressure injury feedback regulation system comprises any of the above pressure injury monitoring and feedback devices and a regulation module;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the pressure damage according to an adjusting instruction when the pressure value received by the target part is larger than the pressure damage threshold value.
Optionally, the device comprises a smart mattress; the adjusting module is an air bag pressure adjusting system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides pressure damage monitoring and feedback equipment and a feedback adjusting system, wherein the equipment is provided with a pressure acquisition assembly and a transmission assembly in a flexible shell; the pressure acquisition assembly is connected with the control assembly; the pressure acquisition component is used for acquiring contact pressure information of the target part; and the transmission component is used for receiving and transmitting the contact pressure information. And the control component receives the contact pressure information of the target part, so that the internal stress of the deep tissue corresponding to the contact pressure information is calculated, and when the internal stress reaches the pressure damage threshold value, an early warning is given out. According to the invention, the internal stress of the deep tissue corresponding to the contact pressure information of the external surface is predicted by measuring the contact pressure information of the external surface, and the monitoring of the pressure damage of the deep tissue is realized, so that early warning is given out in the early stage of the pressure damage, intervention is carried out, the occurrence of the pressure damage is effectively prevented, and the method is convenient and rapid.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure damage monitoring and feedback device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another pressure damage monitoring and feedback device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure injury feedback regulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the working principle of an intelligent mattress system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent mattress according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
1-a housing; 2-a pressure acquisition component; 3-a control component; 4-an early warning component; 5-a wireless component; 6-display component.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In order to at least solve the technical problem proposed in the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pressure injury monitoring and feedback device.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure damage monitoring and feedback device according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the device according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: the device comprises a shell 1, a pressure acquisition assembly 2, a transmission assembly and a control assembly 3 are arranged in the shell 1; the pressure acquisition assembly 2 is connected with the control assembly 3.
The pressure acquisition component is used for acquiring contact pressure information of a target part, and the transmission component is used for receiving and transmitting the contact pressure information. And the control component 3 is used for acquiring a pressure damage threshold of the target part and determining the damage condition of the target part according to the contact pressure information and the pressure damage threshold of the target part.
In a specific implementation process, a part to be monitored of any person to be monitored can be defined as a target part, so that the pressure injury condition of the target part is monitored by the pressure injury monitoring and feedback equipment provided by the application. For example, the pressure injury monitoring and feedback device provided by the present application can be used in a hospital, or can be used in a place such as a home, and the present application is not particularly limited.
For example, when using the pressure injury monitoring and feedback device that this application provided, can be with pressure acquisition component 1 laminating on the target site to the monitoring obtains the contact pressure information of the target site of the personnel that wait to monitor, for example, contact pressure information includes: and (6) pressure value. And the transmission component is used for transmitting the acquired contact pressure information to a preset place, for example, the contact pressure information can be transmitted to a preset terminal, and also can be transmitted to the control component, and the like, and the transmission component is not particularly limited herein. The control component can acquire a pressure damage threshold value of a target part according to information such as height and weight of a target person to be monitored, calculate internal stress of deep tissue corresponding to the contact pressure information according to the contact pressure information, and determine the damage condition of the target part according to the internal stress and the pressure damage threshold value of the target part, wherein if the internal stress value exceeds the pressure damage threshold value of the target part, deep soft tissue damage of the target part is indicated, or the damage trend is shown, and manual intervention is needed.
The internal stress calculation method is to calculate according to a three-dimensional finite element model of the relation between the pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue. For example, a three-dimensional finite element model is constructed, and the deformation image of each layer of soft tissue is quantified by using Matlab software to form the internal stress of each layer of soft tissue when being pressed.
Optionally, the control assembly may be configured to obtain soft tissue internal strain information of the target portion according to the contact pressure information based on a three-dimensional finite element model in relation between preset pressure information and deep soft tissue internal strain degree; and acquiring a pressure damage threshold of the target part according to the internal strain information.
For example, after the pressure value is obtained, the pressure value is sent to the control assembly, and the control assembly inputs the pressure value into the three-dimensional finite element model with the relationship between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue, so that the internal strain information of the soft tissue of the target part, such as the internal strain information of the soft tissue, can be deformation information, is output; after the internal strain information of the soft tissue is obtained, a pressure injury threshold value of the target part is obtained according to the internal strain information, so that a relational expression of contact pressure information and pressure injury is established, and the injury condition of the target part is determined according to the relational expression and the contact pressure information.
Optionally, the control component is configured to: determining a sample set, wherein the sample set comprises a plurality of samples; identifying deformation images of each layer of soft tissue of the pressed part of the sample based on a magnetic resonance imaging technology; determining the internal stress of each layer of soft tissue when being pressed based on the deformation image and preset processing software; constructing a three-dimensional finite element model of the relationship between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue; determining the cell deformation condition of the soft tissue based on the biological impedance principle and the internal strain information, and constructing a deep soft tissue internal strain and pressure injury threshold relation; and determining a relation between the contact pressure information and the pressure injury threshold according to the three-dimensional finite element model for determining the relation between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue and the relation between the internal strain of the deep soft tissue and the pressure injury threshold.
In this embodiment, the soft tissue internal strain may be a deep tissue internal strain, and due to the uneven volume change of macro and micro (cell morphology) inside the tissue caused by the compression, the tissue internal stress is generated, resulting in the tissue deformation, which is called deep tissue internal strain. Even after the pressure is relieved or relieved, internal strain remains inside the tissue to form deep tissue damage, which is difficult to identify from the surface layer at an early stage, which is the most severe type of pressure damage and is difficult to cure. Therefore, in the embodiment, early intervention can be performed on the pressed deep soft tissue layer, and the damage of the pressure to the deep tissue can be prevented.
For example, in this embodiment, a process of constructing a three-dimensional finite element model based on a relationship between preset pressure information and a strain degree in deep soft tissue is illustrated as follows:
first, after being approved by the ethical committee, healthy subjects can be recruited, no history of neuromuscular diseases is required, informed consent is signed, then the subjects are taken as samples in a sample set, data collection is carried out on the samples, and in order to improve the accuracy, the subjects can be grouped, for example, the height is 1.60m-1.65m, and the weight is 50kg-55 kg; the height is 1.60m-1.65m, the weight is 55kg-60kg, and the like, a plurality of subjects in each group are grouped according to the height and the weight, so that a three-dimensional finite element model of the relationship between the corresponding preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue is established according to the height and the weight.
After the subject is ready, the subject can use the device to simulate body positions, for example, the simulated body positions include standing, prone position, semi-sitting position, sitting position and the like, when the body position is simulated, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technology is used to identify deformation images of each layer of soft tissue of a pressed part (sacrococcygeal part), and Matlab software is used to quantify the deformation images of each layer of soft tissue to form internal stress of each layer of soft tissue when the soft tissue is pressed. Thus, a three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of the keel site/compressive interface was constructed.
Further, in order to improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional finite element model, the three-dimensional finite element model may be analyzed and verified: for the FE model established above, the compressed regions are accurately identified from the corresponding MRI images. The hip contact pressure measured during MRI recording under stressed conditions is applied to this seating area of the finite element model. The average contact pressure is used in solving the finite element model. In order to be consistent with the loading conditions shown in the MRI images, the FE model should be fed with the same input load, so that the comparison can be performed during the verification process. The finite element model was quantitatively verified by comparing the output of the finite element simulation with the measurements from the MRI images, two comparisons being made: body position leads to overall displacement of soft tissue; ② the muscle shift of the body position induction position under the apophysis. Statistical analysis: linear model ANOVA was used to identify significant differences between total displacement results obtained from MRI images or FE analyses. The paired t-test was used to identify significant differences between the results obtained from the MRI images and the results from the FE analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05.
After the three-dimensional finite element model which verifies and adjusts the relation between the accurate preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue is obtained, the pressure injury threshold value of the target part can be determined based on the biological impedance principle.
For example, in the present embodiment, a process of determining a pressure damage threshold of a target site is explained: by applying a biological impedance principle, a flexible electrode array is adopted, a high-conductivity electrode gel two-point impedance measurement method (non-invasive and non-invasive) identifies the cell deformation/damage condition, and the threshold value of pressure damage is determined. At least two sets of impedance measurements were taken for each subject, one set at baseline on healthy skin before compression and the other set at the skin at the carina site after maintaining a certain posture. After a series of measurements, data are drawn by software to generate an intuitive measurement area image, impedance data are analyzed by using a custom MATLAB script, more frequency-related information is extracted from the data for post-processing, and the fitting degree between different types of tissues in and around the ulcer is compared. The contrast optimization procedure determines the maximum propagation frequency of the impedance between healthy and damaged tissue. The pressure threshold of the tissue deformation lesion is determined by applying different pressures. In the process, for measurement and calculation through comparison between healthy skin and damaged skin, those skilled in the art can use and calculate the corresponding relation between the strain in the deep soft tissue and the pressure injury without any doubt. And determining the pressure injury threshold according to the corresponding relation of the strain in the deep soft tissue and the pressure injury.
The bioelectrical impedance Measurement (Electrical impedance Measurement) technology, called impedance in time for short, is a monitoring technology for extracting biomedical information related to human physiological and pathological conditions by using the Electrical characteristics and change rules of biological tissues and organs. It usually sends a tiny alternating current measuring current or voltage to the monitored object by means of an electrode system placed on the body surface, monitors the corresponding resistance and the change thereof, and then obtains the relevant physiological and pathological information according to different application purposes. It has the advantages of no wound, no harm, low cost, simple operation, rich functional information, etc. and is easy to be accepted by doctors and patients. In this embodiment, when the tissue deformation/damage pressure threshold is determined by the bio-impedance monitoring technique, the pressure damage threshold may be determined by obtaining the damaged electrical signal through impedance.
The invention provides pressure damage monitoring and feedback equipment, which comprises a shell, a pressure sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the shell is provided with a pressure sensor; a pressure acquisition assembly and a control assembly are arranged in the shell; the pressure acquisition assembly is connected with the control assembly; the pressure acquisition component is used for acquiring contact pressure information of the target part; and the control component is used for acquiring the pressure damage threshold of the target part and determining the damage condition of the target part according to the contact pressure information and the pressure damage threshold of the target part. According to the invention, the monitoring of the pressure injury is realized by measuring the contact pressure information of the external surface, so that intervention is carried out when the pressure injury trend occurs, the pressure injury is effectively prevented, and the method is convenient and rapid.
Based on a general inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a schematic structural diagram of another pressure injury monitoring and feedback device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another pressure damage monitoring and feedback device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the pressure injury monitoring and feedback device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a pre-warning component 4; the early warning component 4 is connected with the control component 3; when the pressure value of the target part is greater than the pressure damage threshold value, the control component 3 sends a pressure damage early warning instruction; and the early warning component 4 is used for carrying out early warning according to the pressure damage early warning instruction.
For example, in this embodiment, the control component may be any type of single chip microcomputer or programmable PLC. Preferably, the control component can be a main control chip circuit, an STM32 single chip microcomputer is adopted as a main controller of the system, the content high-speed memory is provided with abundant enhanced I/O ports and peripherals connected to two APB buses, and the control component is characterized in that: embedded Flash memory and RAM memory: the embedded SRAM with 64kb is read and written at the clock speed of the CPU; 2 embedded 12 bit analog to digital converters, up to 16 external channels per ADC, implementing single or scan conversion, the logic function allows: simultaneous sampling and holding, cross sampling and holding, single sampling; boot mode: when starting, the Boot pin is used for selecting one of 3 Boot options, and the Boot option is imported from a user Flash, imported from a system memory and imported from an SRAM; nested vector interrupt controller: the device can process 43 maskable interrupt channels and provide 16 interrupt priorities, the tightly coupled NVIC realizes lower interrupt processing delay, and the address of the interrupt entry vector table is directly transmitted to the kernel; power management: the power-on reset and power-off reset circuit is arranged.
In some embodiments, optionally, the method further includes: a wireless component 5; the wireless component is connected with the control component; the control assembly is connected with the preset terminal through the wireless assembly, so that the control assembly sends contact pressure information or a pressure damage threshold value of the target part to the preset terminal.
For example, in the present embodiment, the data may be transmitted to the user terminal by using the short-range wireless communication technology, and the user terminal performs reverse control and data analysis; wireless communication means that both parties of communication transmit data by radio waves, and the transmission distance is in a relatively short range, and the application range is very wide. In recent years, short-distance wireless communication standards which are widely applied and have good development prospects include: Zig-Bee, Bluetooth (Bluetooth), wireless broadband (Wi-Fi), Ultra Wideband (UWB), and Near Field Communication (NFC); bluetooth: the wireless data and sound transmission of point-to-point or point-to-multipoint can be realized within the radius range of 10 meters, and the data transmission bandwidth can reach 1Mbps, and the communication medium is electromagnetic wave with the frequency between 2.402GHz and 2.480 GHz; Wi-Fi: compared with the Bluetooth technology, the (Wi-Fi) coverage range is wider, the transmission speed is very high, the transmission speed can reach 11mbps (802.11b) or 54mbps (802.11.a), and the method is suitable for the service of high-speed data transmission; UWB: the carrier-free communication technology is characterized in that data are transmitted by using nanosecond-microsecond-level non-sine wave narrow pulses, the transmission distance is usually within 10M, the bandwidth is more than 1GHz, the communication speed can reach more than several hundred megabits/s, the working frequency range of UWB is from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz, and the minimum working frequency range is 500 MHz; NFC: the short-distance wireless communication technology is a new short-distance wireless communication technology, the working frequency of the short-distance wireless communication technology is 13.56MHz, an Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation mode is adopted, the data transmission rate is generally 106kbit/s and 424kbit/s, and the short-distance wireless communication technology has the advantages of short distance, high bandwidth, low energy consumption, compatibility with a non-contact smart card technology and the like.
In some embodiments, optionally, the pressure acquisition assembly, comprises: a distributed pressure sensor based on a conductive polymer material; the distributed pressure sensor is used for attaching to a target part and monitoring contact pressure information of the target part; and the control component triggers the early warning component to carry out early warning when the pressure value of any single monitoring point of the distributed pressure sensor exceeds a pressure damage threshold value.
For example, in this embodiment, the preparation methods of the conductive polymer material may be two methods: the conductive filler is prepared by using common insulating polymer as a main matrix and doping conductive filler in the main matrix in proportion. The materials currently used as substrates are mainly: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, epoxy resin, phenolic resin and organic silicon resin. The conductive filler plays a role of a carrier in a conductive polymer, the form, the property and the dosage of the conductive filler determine the conductivity of the material, and commonly used conductive fillers generally comprise gold powder, gold wires, silver powder, silver wires, copper powder, nickel powder, aluminum powder, carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, carbon nano tubes and the like. Because of the difference in properties between the conductive filler and the matrix material, it is not easy to combine tightly and disperse uniformly during compounding, which affects the conductivity of the material, and therefore, it is also necessary to perform surface treatment on the filler particles, such as by using a surfactant, a coupling agent, an oxidation-reduction agent, etc., so that the conductive filler can be dispersed more uniformly in the matrix material. Secondly, by a chemical grafting method, conductive polymers such as polyaniline and polypyrrole are grafted on a main chain of the flexible polymer to prepare the flexible conductive high polymer material. For example, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared into polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel by a circulating freezing-thawing method, then a polyvinyl alcohol porous film support is obtained by a freeze drying method, the support is immersed into aniline, phytic acid and an initiator solution for swelling, protonation reaction is synchronously carried out, a network interpenetrating structure hydrogel is obtained, and mechanical performance parameters such as Young modulus of the hydrogel material can be adjusted by adding gelatin or low molecular weight flexible polyethylene glycol in the later preparation process.
Optionally, in some embodiments, a display assembly 6; the display component is connected with the control component; and the display component is used for displaying the damage condition and the pressure damage threshold.
For example, in this embodiment, a flexible conductive polymer material may be used as the housing, a plurality of cavities for accommodating the pressure sensor are disposed on the upper layer of the material, the pressure sensor is disposed in the cavity, the flexible circuit board is disposed on the lower layer of the material, and the pressure sensor is bonded to the flexible circuit board. Data acquisition links to each other on the pressure monitoring pad through flexible stretchable wire, links to each other with intelligent terminal through wireless transmission part. The intelligent terminal uploads the threshold values of the deformation/damage of the pressed cells of the human carina part under different basic conditions obtained based on big data analysis, the signals obtained by the analysis sensor are subjected to conversion operation, when the pressure and the time continuously exceed the threshold values, the alarm device on the display is highlighted, and meanwhile, the alarm device is correspondingly connected with a nurse station and a mobile phone terminal for nursing to give an alarm.
For example, the pressure injury monitoring and feedback device provided by the embodiments of the present application may be a smart dressing that is depressurized of a pressure site of a patient's bony protuberance. The intelligent dressing can directly laminate at target personnel's target position, realizes the effect of decompression through dressing material, acquires subassembly and control assembly with pressure and imbeds flexible ceremony, when pressure reached the alarm value, can in time change the position with data transmission to nurse and family members' mobile terminal.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure injury feedback regulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the pressure injury feedback regulation system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a pressure injury monitoring and feedback device and a regulation module according to any of the embodiments described above;
and the adjusting module is used for adjusting the pressure damage according to the adjusting instruction when the pressure value received by the target part is greater than the pressure damage threshold value.
Optionally, the device comprises a smart mattress; the adjusting module is an air bag pressure adjusting system.
For example, in the embodiment of the invention, the local pressure monitoring sensor is prepared by taking the flexible conductive polymer material as the core, the pressure monitoring array is formed by the conductive polymer sensor, the pressure distribution condition of the contact surface of the patient is obtained, when the pressure of a single monitoring point exceeds the set clinical time or pressure threshold, the system starts an alarm signal to prompt a nursing staff to turn over the patient, and meanwhile, the system interacts with the air bag system of the mattress, and the stress of the stress concentration part of the patient is relieved by air pressure regulation. The stress sensor generates resistance value change after being stressed and serves as a monitoring unit for measuring pressure distribution, compared with the traditional piezoresistor sensor, the conductive polymer sensor has good Young modulus, and can improve the comfort of a patient and the sensitivity and accuracy of monitoring when being used as a monitoring element in a pressure mattress.
Since the change of the pressure data size is difficult to be monitored visually, an analog signal is required to be converted into a digital signal. In the embodiment of the invention, an HX series AD conversion chip can be adopted, and the chip has the advantages of high conversion speed, multiple channels, high precision, good stability and the like. Firstly, the gain of an on-chip noise programmable amplifier can be selected to be 32dB, 64dB and 128dB, and a circuit for processing signals and amplifying pressure is omitted; secondly, automatic reset is realized after power-on, and the starting initialization process and the pin and singlechip programming are simplified; thirdly, digital control and serial communication: all control is input by pins, and registers in a chip do not need to be programmed, so that data reading is simplified; power supply interference of 50Hz and 60Hz is synchronously inhibited, most of noise is from power frequency interference of commercial power for signal processing, and an inhibitor integrated in a chip can provide convenience for removing noise; low power consumption, working current less than 1.6mA, current 1uA after power-off, and effective reduction of system energy consumption.
In the embodiment of the invention, analysis can also be carried out on the basis of the dynamic pressure data of the wavelet entropy.
The wavelet transform is a multi-scale signal analysis method, is developed on the basis of Fourier transform, and can be widely applied to the fields of signal and graphic processing and the like. Any wavelet transform basis function is a set for scaling and translating a mother wavelet and a scale function, and the wavelet transform can well represent local change characteristics of signals in a time domain and a frequency domain and can simultaneously represent related information of each signal frequency band. The wavelet decomposition decomposes an original signal into a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal, the decomposed low-frequency signal is decomposed continuously to obtain the low-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal under the low-frequency signal, the decomposition is continuously carried out along with the increasing of the number of layers of the wavelet decomposition, and the low-frequency signal of an upper-layer signal is continuously obtained, so the wavelet transformation mainly represents the signal with low-frequency information as the main. The high-frequency signal has a lot of detailed information of the signal, can better carry out the localized analysis of time domain and frequency domain to the signal, in order to better utilize high-frequency and low-frequency information of the signal, on the basis of wavelet transform, this project adopts wavelet packet transform, wavelet packet transform has more superior frequency domain characteristic, more suitable biomedical signal's research.
Entropy is a state function, and is essentially the degree of disorder inherent in the system, and the size of the entropy value is related to the energy distribution in space, and the more uniform the energy distribution, the larger the entropy value. The wavelet entropy value can be obtained by decomposing a wavelet packet to obtain each sub-band signal, the disorder degree of energy of each sub-band of the signal in spatial distribution can be measured, and the wavelet entropy combines the advantages of wavelet analysis and entropy. Wavelet entropy is a measure of the degree of order, disorder, of a signal and can provide useful information about the underlying dynamic processes associated with the signal. A very ordered process can be considered to be a periodic single frequency signal whose wavelet representation will be well resolved at a unique wavelet resolution level, i.e., all wavelet energies will be almost zero except for the wavelet resolution that includes the representative signal frequency, for this particular level, the relative wavelet energy is about 1.
Let wavelet basis { psijK (t) } belongs to L2Orthogonal basis of (R), signal S, wavelet coefficient Cj(k)＝<S，ψj，k>The energy at each resolution level (j ═ 1,2,3 … … N) is the energy of the detail signal, and the energy is defined to yield:
Ej＝||rj||2＝∑k|Cj(k)|2；
wherein psijK (t) } denotes a wavelet sequence number, L2(R) represents the square integrable function space, N represents the signal length, EjRepresents the wavelet energy entropy on the j scale;
the total energy is then:
Etotal＝||S||2＝∑j∑k|Cj(k)|2＝∑jEj(ii) a Wherein EtotalRepresenting the total power of signal S;
the energy is normalized, and the relative wavelet energy is as follows:
wherein P isjRepresenting the energy distribution probability of the wavelet coefficients on the j-scale;
the wavelet entropy is:
SWT＝SWT(p)＝-∑jpj·ln(pj)；
by analyzing the wavelet entropy difference of the obtained pressure data samples, the dynamic pressure distribution data of the patient can be dynamically monitored, and powerful data support is provided for clinical analysis.
For example, the pressure injury feedback adjusting system provided by the embodiment of the invention can be an intelligent mattress, so that the whole body decompression can be performed on a patient who needs to lie in bed for a long time and has no body position changing capability, and the pressure sensor data interaction and control system can be used for accurately monitoring and automatically adjusting the position of the patient with concentrated pressure. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an intelligent mattress system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, when the system gives an alarm about the local limb pressure of the patient, if the nursing staff does not deal with the alarm in time, the pressure injury is caused, and in order to avoid the problem, an inflatable air bag is arranged around the monitoring point of the conductive polymer sensor to reversely adjust the local limb pressure. The air bag pressure regulating system is a voltage feedback closed-loop control system, the given value and the feedback result are compared to obtain an error value, as long as the error value is not zero, a control signal is generated to control the air pump to inflate the air bag, the conductive polymer sensor monitors the current point position pressure and converts the current point position pressure to the input end until the error signal is zero, and dynamic balance is achieved. PID control and regulation: because the inertia link has static errors, an integral link is required to be introduced to eliminate the static errors, the corrector can select PI and PID, but the long adjustment time can influence the system response Kyoto, so the project adopts a method of adjusting proportional differential by fixed integral, and selects incomplete differential as the regulator.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent mattress according to an embodiment of the present invention.
For example, in this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, a pressure acquisition component is disposed on a surface of the intelligent mattress, which is in contact with a human body, for monitoring a pressure condition applied to the surface of the human body, and an inflatable airbag is disposed around a monitoring point of the conductive polymer sensor for reversely adjusting the local limb pressure.
For example, in this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the intelligent mattress may be further configured to be a combined design of blocks, any intelligent mattress may include a plurality of blocks M, and an inflatable airbag is disposed around the monitoring point of the conductive polymer sensor for reversely adjusting the pressure of the local limb, wherein the inflatable airbag may be disposed on each mattress or an adjusting assembly may be disposed on each mattress, and when it is detected that the pressure of a certain area is too high and needs to be adjusted, the control module may automatically send a trigger instruction to trigger the inflatable airbag of the corresponding block to inflate or trigger the corresponding adjusting assembly to adjust.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
It is understood that the same or similar parts in the above embodiments may be mutually referred to, and the same or similar parts in other embodiments may be referred to for the content which is not described in detail in some embodiments.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Further, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" means at least two unless otherwise specified.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1.A pressure injury monitoring and feedback device, comprising: a housing, the housing being a flexible housing; a pressure acquisition assembly and a transmission assembly are arranged in the shell; the pressure acquisition assembly is connected with the control assembly;
the pressure acquisition component is used for acquiring contact pressure information of a target part;
the transmission component is used for receiving and transmitting the contact pressure information;
the control assembly is configured to: identifying deformation images of each layer of soft tissue of the pressed part of the sample; determining the internal stress of each layer of soft tissue when being pressed based on the deformation image and preset processing software; and constructing a three-dimensional finite element model of the relationship between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue.
2. The pressure impairment monitoring and feedback device of claim 1, wherein the control component is connected to the transmission component;
the control component is used for receiving contact pressure information of a target part, calculating internal stress of deep tissues corresponding to the contact pressure information according to the contact pressure information, and determining the damage condition of the target part according to the internal stress and a pressure damage threshold of the target part.
3. The pressure injury monitoring and feedback device of claim 2, further comprising: an early warning component;
the early warning assembly is connected with the control assembly;
when the internal stress on the target part is greater than the pressure damage threshold value, the control component sends a pressure damage early warning instruction;
and the early warning component is used for carrying out early warning according to the pressure damage early warning instruction.
4. The pressure injury monitoring and feedback device of claim 1, wherein the control assembly is configured to: acquiring soft tissue internal strain information of the target part according to the contact pressure information based on a three-dimensional finite element model of a relationship between preset pressure information and deep soft tissue internal strain degree; and acquiring a pressure damage threshold of the target part according to the internal strain information.
5. The pressure injury monitoring and feedback device of claim 1, wherein the control assembly is configured to: determining a sample set, wherein the sample set comprises a plurality of samples; identifying deformation images of each layer of soft tissue of the pressed part of the sample based on a magnetic resonance imaging technology;
determining the cell deformation condition of the soft tissue based on a biological impedance principle and the internal strain information, and constructing a deep soft tissue internal strain and pressure injury threshold relation;
and determining a relation between contact pressure information and a pressure injury threshold value according to the three-dimensional finite element model for determining the relation between the preset pressure information and the internal strain degree of the deep soft tissue and the relation between the internal strain of the deep soft tissue and the pressure injury threshold value.
6. The pressure injury monitoring and feedback device of claim 3, wherein said pressure acquisition assembly comprises: a distributed pressure sensor based on a conductive polymer material;
the distributed pressure sensor is used for attaching to a target part and monitoring contact pressure information of the target part;
and the control component triggers the early warning component to carry out early warning when the pressure value of any single monitoring point of the distributed pressure sensor exceeds a pressure damage threshold value.
7. The pressure injury monitoring and feedback device of claim 6, further comprising: a display component;
the display component is connected with the control component;
the display component is used for displaying the damage condition and the pressure damage threshold.
8. The pressure injury monitoring and feedback device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the device comprises a smart dressing.
9. A pressure injury feedback regulation system comprising a pressure injury monitoring and feedback device and regulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the pressure damage according to an adjusting instruction when the pressure value received by the target part is larger than the pressure damage threshold value.
10. The pressure injury feedback regulation system of claim 9, wherein the device comprises a smart mattress; the adjusting module is an air bag pressure adjusting system.
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| 陈佳丽,等.新型冠状病毒疫情下医护人员器械相关压力性损伤防护华西紧急推荐.《中国修复重建外科杂志》.2020, * |
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