CN112685836A - Method for evaluating fatigue degree of welding spot of car body, storage medium and equipment - Google Patents
Method for evaluating fatigue degree of welding spot of car body, storage medium and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112685836A CN112685836A CN202011638694.3A CN202011638694A CN112685836A CN 112685836 A CN112685836 A CN 112685836A CN 202011638694 A CN202011638694 A CN 202011638694A CN 112685836 A CN112685836 A CN 112685836A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a storage medium and equipment for evaluating fatigue of welding spots of a vehicle body. The method comprises the following steps: according to the parametric and three-dimensional model of the automobile body system, establishing an automobile body multi-body dynamic model based on Adams; acquiring road spectrum signals, and performing virtual iterative analysis by using a multi-body dynamic model to obtain the fatigue load of the road surface; establishing a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding spot based on Hypermesh according to the three-dimensional model of the automobile body system; according to the finite element models of the automobile body and the welding points, carrying out unit load strength analysis by adopting an inertia release method; and analyzing the fatigue of the welding spot based on the Ncode according to the unit load strength analysis result and the fatigue load of the road surface to obtain the fatigue damage value of the welding spot of the automobile body. The beneficial effect of this application is: adams is adopted to establish a multi-body dynamic model, Hypermesh is adopted to establish a finite element model, and Ncode is adopted to analyze fatigue of the welding spot, so that the accuracy of the fatigue value of simulation calculation is greatly improved, and the simulation effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile detection, in particular to a method, a storage medium and equipment for evaluating fatigue of welding spots of an automobile body.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry and the improvement of the living standard of people, automobiles become one of indispensable transportation tools for people to go out, freight transportation and the like.
In automobile parts, spot welding is widely applied to parts and structures, and the fatigue performance of a welding spot directly affects the safety and reliability of a vehicle, so that the fatigue life of the welding spot needs to be simulated, analyzed and calculated. At present, a single finite element model is mostly adopted for simulation calculation in a fatigue calculation method of a welding spot, and the fatigue life of the welding spot is calculated according to parameters of corresponding parts and a simulated road surface.
The existing method for calculating the fatigue life of the welding spot only adopts a single finite element model, has the problems of over-simplified model, difficult acquisition of load, low calculation precision and the like, and can not scientifically and effectively guide the design and development of a vehicle body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating fatigue of welding spots of a vehicle body, which has high simulation precision.
A method for evaluating fatigue of welding spots of an automobile body is applied to an automobile body system and comprises the following steps:
according to the parametric and three-dimensional model of the automobile body system, establishing an automobile body multi-body dynamic model based on Adams;
acquiring road spectrum signals, and performing virtual iterative analysis by using a multi-body dynamic model to obtain the fatigue load of the road surface;
establishing a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding spot based on Hypermesh according to the three-dimensional model of the automobile body system;
according to the finite element models of the automobile body and the welding points, carrying out unit load strength analysis by adopting an inertia release method;
according to the unit load strength analysis result and the fatigue load of the road surface, obtaining a welding point fatigue damage value of the automobile body based on the Ncode to carry out welding point fatigue analysis, wherein the welding point fatigue damage value is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein D isiFor damage at each stage of loading, niFor the number of cycles of each stage of the load, Ni,fAnd sigma N is the total service life of the fatigue limit times corresponding to each level of load.
According to the method for evaluating the fatigue degree of the welding spots of the automobile body, a complete automobile multi-body dynamic model is established by adopting Adams software based on complete automobile parameters and a three-dimensional model thereof. And then, acquiring road spectrum signal data, performing virtual iterative calculation and decomposition based on the whole vehicle multi-body dynamic model, and acquiring fatigue load data of vehicle body connection points on each road surface. And then establishing a finite element model of the vehicle body by adopting Hypermesh, carrying out unit load stress static strength analysis on the vehicle body based on an inertia release method to obtain stress information of welding points of the vehicle body, and finally carrying out fatigue life analysis on the welding points of the vehicle body by adopting Ncode based on a strength analysis result and fatigue loads of various pavements. The invention has the beneficial effects that: a multi-body dynamic model is established comprehensively by adopting Adams, a finite element model is established by Hypermesh, and the fatigue analysis of the welding spot is carried out on the Ncode, so that the fatigue damage value of the welding spot of the automobile body is obtained, and meanwhile, the simulation precision is greatly improved and the simulation effect is improved by matching with the virtual iterative analysis.
In addition, the method for evaluating the fatigue of the welding points of the car body provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, the parameters of the automobile body system comprise: the device comprises a hard point coordinate, a liner rigidity curve, a spring rigidity, a damper speed damping force curve, the mass of each part, the axle load of a front suspension and a rear suspension, the three-dimensional rigidity of a tire, the weight of the whole vehicle, the height of the center of gravity, the wheel base and the wheel base.
Further, the method for obtaining the fatigue load of the pavement comprises the following steps:
acquiring a white noise signal of a road surface, obtaining a white noise response based on a multi-body dynamic model, and generating a transfer function and an inverse transfer function according to the white noise signal and the white noise response;
inputting a target signal of a road surface into the automobile body multi-body dynamic model, and obtaining input excitation through a transfer function;
comparing the input excitation with the target signal, and correcting the input excitation to enable the ratio of the input excitation to the target signal to be within a preset interval, so as to finish virtual iteration;
and extracting time domain virtual road spectrum loads of each external connecting point of the automobile body system and the road surface, namely fatigue loads of the road surface.
Further, the method for obtaining the fatigue load of the road surface further comprises the following steps:
calculating the relationship between the acceleration of the shaft head and the tire grounding point and the relationship between the displacement of the shock absorber and the tire grounding point through a transfer function;
collecting wheel center six-component load, spindle nose acceleration and shock absorber displacement, and carrying out inspection, deburring, drift removal, filtering, conversion, sequencing and pressure frequency processing on collected road spectrum signals;
and inputting the processed road spectrum signal into an automobile body multi-body dynamic model for virtual iteration calculation, and finishing virtual iteration when the relative damage value of the target signal and the simulation signal is within a preset interval.
Further, the method for establishing the finite element model of the automobile body comprises the following steps:
importing a three-dimensional model of the automobile body into front Hypermesh, and extracting neutral surfaces of all automobile body parts by using a Midsurface function item;
performing geometric feature cleaning and simplification treatment on the surface of the neutral plane;
adopting quadrilateral units with the size of 8mm to perform mesh division on the quadrilateral units, and adopting partial triangular units to perform transition in partial complex structure areas;
and establishing corresponding material attributes so as to establish a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding points of the automobile body.
Further, the method for analyzing the unit load strength by using the inertial release method comprises the following steps:
adding virtual reaction force on an automobile body system until the automobile body reaches static balance, respectively loading unit force and unit torque in the direction of X, Y, Z on each external connection point based on the automobile body and a finite element model of a welding point of the automobile body, and acquiring stress and strain states of the welding point of the automobile body under the excitation of unit load, namely a unit load strength analysis result.
Further, the obtaining of the weld fatigue damage value of the automobile body based on the Ncode evaluation of the weld fatigue damage further includes loading a fatigue curve of the weld in a seamweldanalysis module, including the steps of:
importing an FEInput module, a SpotWeldAnalyis module, an FEDisplay module and an FEOutput module based on Ncode software, setting the type of the FEOutput module attribute as Hypermesh, and setting an output name;
importing the strength analysis result of the unit load in a FEInput module, and selecting a group-Material item to check a welding spot group (MAT-3), a body group (MAT-4) and a reinforcing plate group (MAT-5);
selecting an Edit Load Mapping item in a SpotWeldAnalyis module, wherein the Loading Type is a Duty Cycle, adding a plurality of Time series Load providers and setting Cycle times;
selecting a Time Series Load provider, introducing each analysis working condition of unit Load in a Load Case, and introducing fatigue Load of each road surface in Time Series;
loading a Spot in a sheet1 Material; general Sheet, in Sheet2 Material, also loads a Spot; the Spot is loaded in Nugget Material by Generic Sheet to obtain a welding Spot curve.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating fatigue of a weld spot of a vehicle body according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a multi-body kinetic model of an automotive body in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a vehicle body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. Several embodiments of the invention are presented in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Referring to fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating fatigue of a welding spot of a vehicle body, which is applied to a vehicle body system, and includes the following steps:
s1, establishing the automobile body multi-body dynamic model based on Adams according to the parametric and three-dimensional models of the automobile body system.
Specifically, the parameters of the automobile body system comprise a hard point coordinate, a liner rigidity curve, a spring rigidity, a damper speed damping force curve, the mass of each part, the axle load of a front suspension and a rear suspension, the three-way rigidity of a tire, the weight of the whole automobile, the gravity height, the axle distance and the wheel distance.
Further, the step of building a multi-body dynamic model of the automobile body based on Adams comprises the following steps:
adopting Adams software to establish a hard point coordinate of the automobile body system and establishing geometric information of each part of the automobile body system;
establishing a connection relation between the parts according to the geometric information of the parts;
and importing a neutral file of the three-dimensional model of the automobile body system into Adams software, and updating a corresponding attribute file of the three-dimensional model and parameters of the automobile body system to obtain the multi-physical model of the automobile body.
It should be noted that the reality of the model can be increased and the simulation precision can be improved by adopting various parameters to establish the multi-body dynamic model of the automobile body based on Adams.
S2, acquiring road spectrum signals, and performing virtual iterative analysis by using a multi-body dynamic model to obtain the fatigue load of the road surface.
Specifically, the step of acquiring road spectrum signals and performing virtual iterative analysis by using a multi-body dynamic model includes:
acquiring a white noise signal of a road surface, obtaining a white noise response based on a multi-body dynamic model, and generating a transfer function and an inverse transfer function according to the white noise signal and the white noise response;
inputting a target signal of a road surface into the automobile body multi-body dynamic model, and obtaining input excitation through a transfer function;
comparing the input excitation with the target signal, and correcting the input excitation to enable the ratio of the input excitation to the target signal to be within a preset interval, so as to finish virtual iteration;
and extracting time domain virtual road spectrum loads of each external connecting point of the automobile body system and the road surface, namely fatigue loads of the road surface.
In the simulation iterative analysis, the relationship between the acceleration of the spindle head and the grounding point of the tire and the relationship between the displacement of the shock absorber and the grounding point of the tire are obtained through transfer function calculation, meanwhile, the six-component load of the wheel center, the acceleration of the spindle head and the displacement of the shock absorber are collected, the collected road spectrum data are subjected to inspection, deburring, drift removal, filtering, conversion, sequencing, pressure frequency and the like, the road spectrum data are input into a suspension multi-body dynamic model to perform virtual iterative calculation, and when the relative damage value of a target signal and a simulation signal is between 0.5 and 2, the iterative work is finished.
And S3, establishing a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding spot based on Hypermesh according to the three-dimensional model of the automobile body system.
Specifically, the step of establishing a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding spot based on Hypermesh according to the three-dimensional model of the automobile body system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of importing a three-dimensional model of an automobile body into preprocessing software Hypermesh, extracting neutral surfaces of all automobile body parts by using Midsface functional items, carrying out geometric feature cleaning and simplification processing on the surfaces of the automobile body parts, carrying out grid division on the automobile body parts by using quadrilateral units with the size of 8mm, and carrying out transition on special complex structural areas by using partial triangular units. The ACM consists of an elastic unit and a connection model, consists of a hexahedral unit and an RBE3 unit, and can accurately simulate various performances of a welding spot, so that the welding spot simulation connection is carried out based on the ACM (shell gap) with the type of 5mm in the spot function item in the Nastran soft, and corresponding material properties are established, so that a finite element model of the vehicle body and the welding spot thereof is established.
And S4, analyzing the unit load strength by adopting an inertia release method according to the finite element models of the automobile body and the welding spots.
Specifically, the method for analyzing the unit load strength by using the inertial release method includes: :
adding virtual reaction force on an automobile body system until the automobile body reaches static balance, respectively loading unit force and unit torque in the direction of X, Y, Z on each external connection point based on the automobile body and a finite element model of a welding point of the automobile body, and acquiring stress and strain states of the welding point of the automobile body under the excitation of unit load, namely a unit load strength analysis result.
It can be understood that, because the automobile runs on the road surface, rigid motion exists, and the automobile belongs to a static imbalance state, in general static analysis, constraint conditions must be set, otherwise rigid displacement is generated, a solver cannot calculate, and an inertia release method can be adopted to solve the problems.
And S5, analyzing the fatigue of the welding spot based on the Ncode according to the unit load strength analysis result and the fatigue load of the road surface to obtain the fatigue damage value of the welding spot of the automobile body.
Specifically, the following formula is adopted for calculating the fatigue damage value of the welding spot:
wherein D isiFor damage at each stage of loading, niFor the number of cycles of each stage of the load, Ni,fAnd sigma N is the total service life of the fatigue limit times corresponding to each level of load.
The Miner fatigue damage accumulation theory is that the damage of a structure or a material under each stress is independent, the total damage is linearly superposed, and the damage is generated when the damage is superposed to a certain boundary value.
The method has the advantages that Adams is comprehensively adopted to establish a multi-body dynamic model, Hypermesh is comprehensively adopted to establish a finite element model, and Ncode is used for analyzing the fatigue of the welding spot to obtain the fatigue damage value of the welding spot of the automobile body, and meanwhile, virtual iterative analysis is also matched, so that the simulation precision is greatly improved, and the simulation effect is improved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for evaluating fatigue of a weld point of a vehicle body as described above.
Those of skill in the art will understand that the logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be viewed as implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
Referring to fig. 3, the vehicle body welding point fatigue degree evaluating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes a memory 20, a processor 10, and a computer program 30 stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor 10 executes the computer program 30 to implement the vehicle body welding point fatigue degree evaluating method.
The body weld fatigue degree evaluating device may specifically be a computer device with a database, such as a server, and the processor 10 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or another body weld fatigue degree evaluating chip in some embodiments, and is configured to run program codes or process data stored in the memory 20, such as executing an access limiting program.
The memory 20 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, which includes a flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), a magnetic memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and the like. The memory 20 may be an internal storage unit of the body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus in some embodiments, such as a hard disk of the body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus. The memory 20 may also be an external storage device of the vehicle body welding point fatigue degree evaluation device in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like provided on the vehicle body welding point fatigue degree evaluation device. Further, the memory 20 may also include both an internal storage unit of the vehicle body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus and an external storage device. The memory 20 may be used not only to store application software installed in the body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus and various types of data, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
It should be noted that the configuration shown in FIG. 3 does not constitute a limitation of the body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus, and in other embodiments, the body weld fatigue evaluation apparatus may include fewer or more components than shown, or some components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for evaluating fatigue of welding spots of an automobile body is applied to an automobile body system and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the parametric and three-dimensional model of the automobile body system, establishing an automobile body multi-body dynamic model based on Adams;
acquiring road spectrum signals, and performing virtual iterative analysis by using a multi-body dynamic model to obtain the fatigue load of the road surface;
establishing a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding spot based on Hypermesh according to the three-dimensional model of the automobile body system;
according to the finite element models of the automobile body and the welding points, carrying out unit load strength analysis by adopting an inertia release method;
according to the unit load strength analysis result and the fatigue load of the road surface, obtaining a welding point fatigue damage value of the automobile body based on the Ncode to carry out welding point fatigue analysis, wherein the welding point fatigue damage value is calculated by adopting the following formula:
wherein D isiFor damage at each stage of loading, niFor cycles of load per stageNumber of cycles, Ni,fAnd sigma N is the total service life of the fatigue limit times corresponding to each level of load.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the automotive body system comprise: the device comprises a hard point coordinate, a liner rigidity curve, a spring rigidity, a damper speed damping force curve, the mass of each part, the axle load of a front suspension and a rear suspension, the three-dimensional rigidity of a tire, the weight of the whole vehicle, the height of the center of gravity, the wheel base and the wheel base.
3. The method for evaluating fatigue of a weld spot of a vehicle body according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the fatigue load of a road surface comprises:
acquiring a white noise signal of a road surface, obtaining a white noise response based on a multi-body dynamic model, and generating a transfer function and an inverse transfer function according to the white noise signal and the white noise response;
inputting a target signal of a road surface into the automobile body multi-body dynamic model, and obtaining input excitation through a transfer function;
comparing the input excitation with the target signal, and correcting the input excitation to enable the ratio of the input excitation to the target signal to be within a preset interval, so as to finish virtual iteration;
and extracting time domain virtual road spectrum loads of each external connecting point of the automobile body system and the road surface, namely fatigue loads of the road surface.
4. The method for evaluating fatigue of a weld spot of a vehicle body according to claim 3, wherein the method for obtaining the fatigue load of the road surface further comprises:
calculating the relationship between the acceleration of the shaft head and the tire grounding point and the relationship between the displacement of the shock absorber and the tire grounding point through a transfer function;
collecting wheel center six-component load, spindle nose acceleration and shock absorber displacement, and carrying out inspection, deburring, drift removal, filtering, conversion, sequencing and pressure frequency processing on collected road spectrum signals;
and inputting the processed road spectrum signal into an automobile body multi-body dynamic model for virtual iteration calculation, and finishing virtual iteration when the relative damage value of the target signal and the simulation signal is within a preset interval.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of creating a finite element model of an automotive body comprises:
importing a three-dimensional model of the automobile body into front Hypermesh, and extracting neutral surfaces of all automobile body parts by using a Midsurface function item;
performing geometric feature cleaning and simplification treatment on the surface of the neutral plane;
adopting quadrilateral units with the size of 8mm to perform mesh division on the quadrilateral units, and adopting partial triangular units to perform transition in partial complex structure areas;
and establishing corresponding material attributes so as to establish a finite element model of the automobile body and the welding points of the automobile body.
6. The method for evaluating fatigue of weld points of vehicle bodies according to claim 1, wherein the method for analyzing the unit load strength by using the inertial release method comprises the following steps:
adding virtual reaction force on an automobile body system until the automobile body reaches static balance, respectively loading unit force and unit torque in the direction of X, Y, Z on each external connection point based on the automobile body and a finite element model of a welding point of the automobile body, and acquiring stress and strain states of the welding point of the automobile body under the excitation of unit load, namely a unit load strength analysis result.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the weld fatigue damage value of the automotive body further comprises loading a point fatigue curve in a seamweldanalysis module based on Ncode's weld fatigue assessment, comprising the steps of:
importing an FEInput module, a SpotWeldAnalyis module, an FEDisplay module and an FEOutput module based on Ncode software, setting the type of the FEOutput module attribute as Hypermesh, and setting an output name;
importing the strength analysis result of the unit load in a FEInput module, and selecting a group-Material item to check a welding spot group (MAT-3), a body group (MAT-4) and a reinforcing plate group (MAT-5);
selecting an Edit Load Mapping item in a SpotWeldAnalyis module, wherein the Loading Type is a Duty Cycle, adding a plurality of Time series Load providers and setting Cycle times;
selecting a Time Series Load provider, introducing each analysis working condition of unit Load in a Load Case, and introducing fatigue Load of each road surface in Time Series;
loading a Spot in a sheet1 Material; general Sheet, in Sheet2 Material, also loads a Spot; the Spot is loaded in Nugget Material by Generic Sheet to obtain a welding Spot curve.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method for fatigue evaluation of a weld point of a vehicle body according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An apparatus for evaluating fatigue of a weld point of a vehicle body, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method for evaluating fatigue of a weld point of a vehicle body according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the program.
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