CN112664174B - Tunnel surrounding rock grade determination method and system based on multiple drill holes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for judging the surrounding rock grade of a tunnel based on multiple boreholes, belonging to the technical field of tunnel engineering. Construct sample data according to drilling parameters and surrounding rock grade; use the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain a surrounding rock grade evaluation model; use the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage to obtain a certain mileage surrounding rock grade. The invention determines the surrounding rock grade according to the drilling parameters, greatly improves the efficiency of the tunnel face and the advanced surrounding rock grade determination, and has a high degree of automation.

Description

A method and system for judging tunnel surrounding rock grades based on multiple boreholes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a method and system for determining the grade of surrounding rock in a tunnel based on multiple drilling holes.

Background technique

In tunnel engineering, the geological conditions often change drastically, leading to errors in the interpretation of the geological conditions of certain mileage ranges before construction, inaccurate classification of surrounding rock grades, affecting the design and construction of tunnels, and even causing serious consequences.

There are many studies on automatic classification of surrounding rock. These studies usually require specialized personnel to collect corresponding data on site, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and is prone to construction safety problems and has an impact on tunnel construction. Although some classification methods do not have the above problems, the analysis parameters do not fully consider the spatial distribution characteristics of the face rock mass, and the classification results may not meet the actual needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology, and to realize the rapid and automatic determination of the grade of the face and the surrounding rock in front.

In order to achieve the above purpose, a method for judging the surrounding rock grade of a tunnel based on multiple boreholes is adopted, which includes the following steps:

Collect the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the drilling history, and use the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data;

Use the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain the surrounding rock grade evaluation model;

Using the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage, the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage is obtained.

Further, the drilling parameters include the impact pressure Ps, the swing pressure Pr, the propulsion pressure Pa, the propulsion speed Va, the water pressure Pw, and the water flow rate Qw.

Further, collecting the drilling parameters in the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the drilling history range, and using the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data, including:

Collect the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the drilling history range;

Through the interpolation algorithm, calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point;

Arrange the interpolation points in a fixed order, and calculate the proportion of the maximum value points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The sample data is constructed and obtained by using the average value of the drilling parameters, the proportion of the number of maximum values, and the surrounding rock grade.

Further, through the interpolation algorithm, calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point, including:

Extract the drilling parameter values at the intersection of the cross section at the specified mileage K and each borehole within the mileage range of the borehole;

In the tunnel face area to be excavated at the mileage K, the interpolation points P _i are set at certain intervals. According to the drilling parameter values and positions of the intersection points of the mileage section and the boreholes, the drilling of the point P _i is obtained through the interpolation algorithm. parameter interpolation result;

回转压力平均值

推进压力平均值

推进速度平均值

水压力平均值

水流量平均值

Calculate the average value of drilling parameters at each interpolation point P _i , including the average value of impact pressure

Average swing pressure

Propulsion pressure average

average propulsion speed

average water pressure

Average water flow

Further, the described utilization of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model is used to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage, including:

By means of an interpolation algorithm, the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the section of a certain mileage are calculated, and the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage is obtained;

Arrange the interpolation points of a certain mileage in a fixed order, and calculate the proportion of the maximum value points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage and the proportion of the maximum value points are used as the input of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model, and the surrounding rock grade of the certain mileage is obtained.

On the other hand, a multi-drilling-based tunnel surrounding rock grade determination system is adopted, including: a sample data construction module, a training module and a determination module, wherein:

The sample data building module is used to collect the drilling parameters in the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the drilling history, and use the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data;

The training module is used to use the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain the surrounding rock grade evaluation model;

The judgment module is used to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage by using the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage.

Further, the drilling parameters include the impact pressure Ps, the swing pressure Pr, the propulsion pressure Pa, the propulsion speed Va, the water pressure Pw, and the water flow rate Qw.

Further, the sample data building module includes a collection unit, an interpolation calculation unit, a maximum number ratio calculation unit and a building unit, wherein:

The acquisition unit is used to acquire the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the drilling history range;

The interpolation calculation unit is used to calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel through the interpolation algorithm, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point;

The maximum value number ratio calculation unit is used to arrange each interpolation point in a fixed order, and calculate the maximum value point number ratio in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The construction unit is used for constructing and obtaining the sample data by using the average value of the drilling parameters, the proportion of the number of maximum values, and the surrounding rock grade.

Further, the interpolation calculation unit includes an extraction subunit, an interpolation result calculation subunit and an average value calculation subunit, wherein:

The extraction subunit is used to extract the drilling parameter values at the intersection of the cross section at the specified mileage K and each borehole within the mileage range of the borehole;

The interpolation result calculation subunit is used to set the interpolation points P _i at a certain interval in the face area to be excavated at the mileage K. According to the drilling parameter values and positions of the intersection of the mileage section and each borehole, through the interpolation algorithm, Obtain the drilling parameter interpolation result of point P _i ;

回转压力平均值

推进压力平均值

推进速度平均值

水压力平均值

水流量平均值

The average value calculation subunit is used to calculate the average value of the drilling parameters of each interpolation point P _i , including the average value of the impact pressure

Average swing pressure

Propulsion pressure average

average propulsion speed

average water pressure

Average water flow

Further, the determination module includes a first data processing unit, a second data processing unit and a determination unit, wherein:

The first data processing unit is configured to calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the cross section of a certain mileage through an interpolation algorithm, and obtain the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage;

The second data processing unit is used for arranging each interpolation point of a certain mileage in a fixed order, and calculating the proportion of the number of maximum points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The determining unit is configured to use the average value of the drilling parameters and the proportion of the maximum value points at each interpolation point of the certain mileage as the input of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to obtain the surrounding rock grade of the certain mileage.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention automatically collects the drilling parameter information of the face and the front of the trolley through rock drilling, the safety risk in the data collection process is low, and the tunnel construction is not affected; The determination of the surrounding rock grade by parameters will greatly improve the efficiency of the determination of the tunnel face and the advanced surrounding rock grade. The neural network model is used to determine the surrounding rock grade, with a high degree of automation; the distribution law of drilling parameters in the face area is considered. , the grading result is better; meanwhile, the surrounding rock grading of the drilled but not excavated area in front of the current face is considered.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail:

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for judging the surrounding rock grade of a tunnel based on multiple drilling holes;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of tunnel boreholes;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the drilling point and the point to be interpolated in the tunnel mileage section;

Fig. 4 is a kind of implementation flow chart of the method for judging the surrounding rock grade of a tunnel based on multiple boreholes;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a tunnel surrounding rock grade determination system based on multiple boreholes.

In the picture:

1- Tunnel center line; 2- Tunnel face; 3- Blasting drilling in uncoiled area; 4- Tunnel excavation area; 10- Sample data building module; 20- Training module;

Detailed ways

To further illustrate the features of the present invention, please refer to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings of the present invention. The attached drawings are for reference and description only, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , this embodiment discloses a method for judging the surrounding rock grade of a tunnel based on multiple drilling holes, including the following steps S1 to S3:

S1. Collect the drilling parameters in the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the drilling history, and use the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data;

It should be noted that, as shown in Figure 2, during the tunnel construction, the drilling parameters collected during the drilling of the blasting hole by the rock drilling rig are collected. The drilling parameters include the impact pressure Ps, the rotational pressure Pr, the propulsion pressure Pa, and the propulsion speed. Va, water pressure Pw and water flow Qw, and the drilling parameters are collected every time the drill pipe is drilled to a certain depth. Among them, the drilling depth of the drill pipe can be set according to the actual needs. If the geological conditions are complex, the depth spacing may be smaller, and if the geological conditions are simple, it may be larger. Specifically, it can be set every 0.02m, so that the drilling parameters of different depths can be obtained, and it is convenient to obtain the drilling parameter values at different mileages later to calculate the drilling parameters of the interpolation point at the section of the mileage.

Record the position, direction and length of the borehole, and also record the corresponding face mileage, surrounding rock grade, and the surrounding rock grade change of the drilled area mileage determined after the borehole blasting excavation.

It should be noted that the surrounding rock grades used as sample parameters should include all grades I to VI as much as possible, and when limited by site conditions, at least the surrounding rock grades of II to V should be included.

The number of samples should contain at least 400 sets of data, that is, there should be at least 100 sets of data for each of grades II to V surrounding rock, and when there is data of grade I or grade VI surrounding rock, there should also be at least 100 sets of data.

S2. Use the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain a surrounding rock grade evaluation model;

S3. Use the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage.

As a further preferred technical solution, as shown in FIG. 3, the above step S1: collecting the drilling parameters in the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the drilling history range, and using the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data , including the following subdivision steps S11 to S14:

S11. Collect the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the range of the drilling history;

S12. Calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel through the interpolation algorithm, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point;

S13. Arrange the interpolation points in a fixed order, and calculate the proportion of the maximum value points in the drilling parameter arrangement results at each interpolation point, that is, the maximum number of impact pressure R _Ps , and the maximum number of swing pressure. R _Pr , the ratio of the maximum value of the propulsion pressure R _Pa , the ratio of the maximum value of the propulsion speed R _Va , the ratio of the maximum value of the water pressure R _Pw , and the ratio of the maximum value of the water flow R _Qw ;

Specifically: the points on the broken line in Figure 3 are the interpolation points, the connection order of the broken lines is equivalent to the fixed order of each interpolation point, and the shock pressure values of the fixed order are set as R1, R2...Rn, if the ith value Ri(1<i<n) satisfies: Ri>R(i-1) and Ri>R(i+1), then the Ri value point is counted as a maximum point, and there are k maximum points, Then the proportion of the number of maximum points is: k/n.

S14 , constructing and obtaining the sample data by using the average value of the drilling parameters, the proportion of the number of maximum values, and the surrounding rock grade.

As a further preferred technical solution, the above-mentioned step S12: through the interpolation algorithm, calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point, specifically including :

According to the spatial position relationship determined by the position, direction and length of each drilling hole, extract the drilling parameter values at the intersection of the cross section and each drilling hole at the specified mileage K within the current face and the drilling mileage range;

In the tunnel face area to be excavated at the mileage K, the interpolation points P _i are set at certain intervals. According to the drilling parameter values and positions of the intersection points of the mileage section and the boreholes, the drilling of the point P _i is obtained through the interpolation algorithm. Parameter interpolation results; among them, the spacing of the interpolation points can be set according to the actual situation. If the geological situation is too complicated, the spacing can be set smaller, otherwise, the spacing can be set larger. Desirable 1m. The function of this setting is to obtain the drilling parameters of the entire face area, which is convenient for analyzing the surrounding rock grade evaluation results of the entire face.

回转压力平均值

推进压力平均值

推进速度平均值

水压力平均值

水流量平均值

Calculate the average value of drilling parameters at each interpolation point P _i , including the average value of impact pressure

Average swing pressure

Propulsion pressure average

average propulsion speed

average water pressure

Average water flow

It should be noted that the number of drilling parameter interpolation points _Pi is not less than 20 points, and should be evenly distributed in the cross-sectional area of each mileage corresponding to the drilling face.

As a further preferred technical solution, the above-mentioned step S3: using the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage, including:

By means of an interpolation algorithm, the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the section of a certain mileage are calculated, and the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage is obtained;

Arrange the interpolation points of a certain mileage in a fixed order, and calculate the proportion of the maximum value points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage and the proportion of the maximum value points are used as the input of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model, and the surrounding rock grade of the certain mileage is obtained.

It should be noted that, at a certain tunnel mileage where the surrounding rock grade needs to be analyzed, the drilling parameters of the borehole at the mileage are collected according to the method of step S1, and the input parameters of the specified mileage, that is, the drilling at each interpolation point, are obtained through data processing. The average value of the parameters and the proportion of the number of maximum points in the drilling parameter arrangement results at each interpolation point, input the input parameters into the surrounding rock grading model, and automatically obtain the surrounding rock grading results.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the present embodiment discloses a multi-drilling-based tunnel surrounding rock grade determination system, including: a sample data construction module 10, a training module 20 and a determination module 30, wherein:

The sample data building module 10 is used to collect drilling parameters in the drilling process and surrounding rock grades within the scope of the drilling history, and use the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data;

The training module 20 is used for using the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain a surrounding rock grade evaluation model;

The determination module 30 is used for processing the drilling parameters of a certain mileage by using the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage.

As a further preferred technical solution, the drilling parameters include the impact pressure Ps, the swing pressure Pr, the propulsion pressure Pa, the propulsion speed Va, the water pressure Pw, and the water flow rate Qw.

As a further preferred technical solution, the sample data construction module 10 includes a collection unit, an interpolation calculation unit, a maximum value quantity ratio calculation unit and a construction unit, wherein:

The acquisition unit is used to acquire the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the drilling history range;

The interpolation calculation unit is used to calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel through the interpolation algorithm, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point;

The maximum value number ratio calculation unit is used to arrange each interpolation point in a fixed order, and calculate the maximum value point number ratio in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The construction unit is used for constructing and obtaining the sample data by using the average value of the drilling parameters, the proportion of the number of maximum values, and the surrounding rock grade.

As a further preferred technical solution, the interpolation calculation unit includes an extraction subunit, an interpolation result calculation subunit and an average value calculation subunit, wherein:

The extraction subunit is used to extract the drilling parameter values at the intersection of the cross section at the specified mileage K and each borehole within the mileage range of the borehole;

The interpolation result calculation subunit is used to set the interpolation points P _i at a certain interval in the face area to be excavated at the mileage K. According to the drilling parameter values and positions of the intersection of the mileage section and each borehole, through the interpolation algorithm, Obtain the drilling parameter interpolation result of point P _i ;

回转压力平均值

推进压力平均值

推进速度平均值

水压力平均值

水流量平均值

The average value calculation subunit is used to calculate the average value of the drilling parameters of each interpolation point P _i , including the average value of the impact pressure

Average swing pressure

Propulsion pressure average

average propulsion speed

average water pressure

Average water flow

As a further preferred technical solution, the determination module 30 includes a first data processing unit, a second data processing unit and a determination unit, wherein:

The first data processing unit is configured to calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the cross section of a certain mileage through an interpolation algorithm, and obtain the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage;

The second data processing unit is used for arranging each interpolation point of a certain mileage in a fixed order, and calculating the proportion of the number of maximum points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point;

The determining unit is configured to use the average value of the drilling parameters and the proportion of the maximum value points at each interpolation point of the certain mileage as the input of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to obtain the surrounding rock grade of the certain mileage.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (6)

1. a method for judging tunnel surrounding rock grades based on multiple boreholes, is characterized in that, comprising: Collect the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the drilling history, and use the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data; Use the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain the surrounding rock grade evaluation model; Use the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage; The drilling parameters include impact pressure Ps, swing pressure Pr, propulsion pressure Pa, propulsion speed Va, water pressure Pw and water flow Qw; The drilling parameters in the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the scope of the drilling history are collected, and sample data is constructed based on the drilling parameters and the surrounding rock grades, including: Collect the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the drilling history range; Through the interpolation algorithm, calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point; Arrange the interpolation points in a fixed order, and calculate the proportion of the maximum value points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point; The sample data is constructed and obtained by using the average value of the drilling parameters, the proportion of the number of maximum values, and the surrounding rock grade. 2. the method for determining the grade of tunnel surrounding rock based on multiple boreholes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described by interpolation algorithm, calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel, And calculate the average value of drilling parameters at each interpolation point, including: Extract the drilling parameter values at the intersection of the cross section at the specified mileage K and each borehole within the mileage range of the borehole; In the tunnel face area to be excavated at the mileage K, the interpolation points P _i are set at certain intervals. According to the drilling parameter values and positions of the intersection points of the mileage section and the boreholes, the drilling of the point P _i is obtained through the interpolation algorithm. parameter interpolation result; Calculate the average value of drilling parameters at each interpolation point P _i , including the average value of impact pressure

Average swing pressure

Propulsion pressure average

average propulsion speed

average water pressure

Average water flow

3. The method for judging the surrounding rock grade of a tunnel based on multiple boreholes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the described utilization of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model is used to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage ,include: By means of an interpolation algorithm, the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the section of a certain mileage are calculated, and the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage is obtained; Arrange the interpolation points of a certain mileage in a fixed order, and calculate the proportion of the maximum value points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point; The average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage and the proportion of the maximum value points are used as the input of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model, and the surrounding rock grade of the certain mileage is obtained. 4. A tunnel surrounding rock grade determination system based on multiple boreholes is characterized in that, comprising: a sample data building module, a training module and a determination module, wherein: The sample data building module is used to collect the drilling parameters in the drilling process and the surrounding rock grades within the drilling history, and use the drilling parameters and surrounding rock grades to construct sample data; The training module is used to use the sample data to train the constructed neural network model to obtain the surrounding rock grade evaluation model; The judgment module is used to process the drilling parameters of a certain mileage by using the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to obtain the surrounding rock grade of a certain mileage; The drilling parameters include impact pressure Ps, swing pressure Pr, propulsion pressure Pa, propulsion speed Va, water pressure Pw and water flow Qw; The sample data building module includes a collection unit, an interpolation calculation unit, a maximum value ratio calculation unit and a building unit, wherein: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the drilling parameters during the drilling process and the surrounding rock grade within the drilling history range; The interpolation calculation unit is used to calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the specified mileage section of the tunnel through the interpolation algorithm, and calculate the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point; The maximum value number ratio calculation unit is used to arrange each interpolation point in a fixed order, and calculate the maximum value point number ratio in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point; The construction unit is used for constructing and obtaining the sample data by using the average value of the drilling parameters, the proportion of the number of maximum values, and the surrounding rock grade. 5. The tunnel surrounding rock grade determination system based on multiple boreholes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the interpolation calculation unit comprises an extraction subunit, an interpolation result calculation subunit and an average value calculation subunit, wherein: The extraction subunit is used to extract the drilling parameter values at the intersection of the cross section at the specified mileage K and each borehole within the mileage range of the borehole; The interpolation result calculation subunit is used to set the interpolation points P _i at a certain interval in the face area to be excavated at the mileage K. According to the drilling parameter values and positions of the intersection of the mileage section and each borehole, through the interpolation algorithm, Obtain the drilling parameter interpolation result of point P _i ; The average value calculation subunit is used to calculate the average value of the drilling parameters of each interpolation point P _i , including the average value of the impact pressure

Average swing pressure

Propulsion pressure average

average propulsion speed

average water pressure

Average water flow

6. The multi-bored-based tunnel surrounding rock grade determination system according to claim 4, wherein the determination module comprises a first data processing unit, a second data processing unit and a determination unit, wherein: The first data processing unit is configured to calculate the drilling parameters at the interpolation points distributed according to a certain interval at the cross section of a certain mileage through an interpolation algorithm, and obtain the average value of the drilling parameters at each interpolation point of the certain mileage; The second data processing unit is used for arranging each interpolation point of a certain mileage in a fixed order, and calculating the proportion of the number of maximum points in the drilling parameter arrangement result at each interpolation point; The determining unit is configured to use the average value of the drilling parameters and the proportion of the maximum value points at each interpolation point of the certain mileage as the input of the surrounding rock grade evaluation model to obtain the surrounding rock grade of the certain mileage.

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