CN112637054B - Networking optimization method, device, computing equipment and storage medium for IP bearer network - Google Patents
Networking optimization method, device, computing equipment and storage medium for IP bearer network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信技术领域,具体涉及一种IP承载网的组网优化方法、装置、计算设备和存储介质。The present invention relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular to a method, device, computing device and storage medium for optimizing the networking of an IP bearer network.
背景技术Background technique
IP承载网是各运营商以IP技术构建的一张专网,用于承载对传输质量要求较高的业务,例如软交换、视讯、重点客户VPN等业务。IP承载网一般采用双平面、双星双归属的可靠性设计,网络设计要求其承载的业务轻载,并部署二层/三层QOS,保障所承载业务的质量。但随着核心网CS域、IMS域、PS域、NFV、业务网、5G等大流量业务的迅速发展,对现有IP专用承载网的承载能力和安全性等提出了更高的要求。The IP bearer network is a private network built by each operator using IP technology, and is used to carry services that require high transmission quality, such as softswitch, video, and VPN for key customers. The IP bearer network generally adopts a dual-plane, dual-satellite, dual-homing reliability design. The network design requires that the services it carries are light-loaded, and Layer 2/3 QOS is deployed to ensure the quality of the services it carries. However, with the rapid development of core network CS domain, IMS domain, PS domain, NFV, service network, 5G and other high-traffic services, higher requirements are put forward for the carrying capacity and security of the existing IP dedicated bearer network.
现有组网结构一般采用IP专用承载网成对CE与成对AR通过口字形组网,成对用户边缘(Customer Edge,CE)路由器同机房部署,成对接入(Access Router,AR)路由器异机房部署。The existing network structure generally adopts an IP dedicated bearer network to form a network with paired CE and paired AR through a network. The paired Customer Edge (CE) routers are deployed in the same computer room, and the paired Access Router (AR) routers are deployed in the same computer room. Deployment in different computer rooms.
如图1所示,为现有的IP承载网CE路由器、AR路由器和核心(Core Router,CR)路由器的组网架构示意图,CE路由器与AR路由器之间、AR路由器与CR路由器之间均是单线路传输,当CE路由器与AR路由器之间的某条上行链路故障或者CE路由器或AR路由器单板卡/单端口故障时,比如,任一CE路由器整机故障退服;任一AR路由器整机故障退服;任一上行端口故障;任一上行板卡故障或者任一上行链路故障都会导致传输单通道故障,进而导致IP专用承载网双路由失效。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the networking architecture of the existing IP bearer network CE router, AR router, and core (Core Router, CR) router, between the CE router and the AR router, and between the AR router and the CR router. Single-line transmission, when an uplink between the CE router and the AR router fails or a board card/single port of the CE router or AR router fails, for example, any CE router fails and goes out of service; any AR router Failure of the whole machine, failure of any uplink port, failure of any uplink card or failure of any uplink will lead to failure of a single transmission channel, which in turn will lead to failure of dual routes of the IP dedicated bearer network.
另外,现有IP承载网缺少链路质量性能监测,对链路质量问题的发现和响应能力较弱。当出现链路质量劣化问题的时候,定位时间较长且很可能导致业务受损。In addition, the existing IP bearer network lacks link quality performance monitoring, and the ability to discover and respond to link quality problems is weak. When the problem of link quality degradation occurs, the positioning time will be longer and the service may be damaged.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于上述问题,提出了本发明以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的一种IP承载网的组网优化方法、装置、计算设备和存储介质。In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a network optimization method, device, computing device and storage medium for an IP bearer network that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种IP承载网的组网优化方法,所述方法包括:According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for optimizing the networking of an IP bearer network is provided, the method comprising:
针对每个CE路由器,通过该CE路由器的第一端口,在该CE路由器与该CE路由器对应的接入路由器之间建立第一传输链路;通过该CE路由器的第二端口,在该CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路;For each CE router, through the first port of the CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router and the access router corresponding to the CE router; through the second port of the CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router Establishing a second transmission link with other CE routers;
针对每个接入路由器,通过该接入路由器的第三端口,在该接入路由器与该接入路由器对应的核心路由器之间建立第三传输链路;通过该接入路由器的第四端口,在该接入路由器与其他接入路由器之间建立第四传输链路;For each access router, through the third port of the access router, a third transmission link is established between the access router and the core router corresponding to the access router; through the fourth port of the access router, establishing a fourth transmission link between the access router and other access routers;
检测IP承载网中多个传输链路的链路质量,得到链路质量检测结果;Detect the link quality of multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network, and obtain the link quality detection results;
根据所述链路质量检测结果,确定故障链路,并对所述故障链路进行处理。Determine the faulty link according to the link quality detection result, and process the faulty link.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种IP承载网的组网优化装置,所述装置包括:According to another aspect of the present invention, a network optimization device for an IP bearer network is provided, the device comprising:
CE路由器链路建立模块,适于针对每个CE路由器,通过该CE路由器的第一端口,在该CE路由器与该CE路由器对应的接入路由器之间建立第一传输链路;通过该CE路由器的第二端口,在该CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路;The CE router link establishment module is suitable for establishing a first transmission link between the CE router and the access router corresponding to the CE router through the first port of the CE router for each CE router; through the CE router A second port of the CE router, establishing a second transmission link between the CE router and other CE routers;
接入路由器链路建立模块,适于针对每个接入路由器,通过该接入路由器的第三端口,在该接入路由器与该接入路由器对应的核心路由器之间建立第三传输链路;通过该接入路由器的第四端口,在该接入路由器与其他接入路由器之间建立第四传输链路;The access router link establishment module is adapted to establish a third transmission link between the access router and the core router corresponding to the access router through the third port of the access router for each access router; Establishing a fourth transmission link between the access router and other access routers through the fourth port of the access router;
检测模块,适于检测IP承载网中多个传输链路的链路质量,得到链路质量检测结果;The detection module is suitable for detecting the link quality of multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network, and obtaining the link quality detection result;
处理模块,适于根据所述链路质量检测结果,确定故障链路,并对所述故障链路进行处理。The processing module is adapted to determine the faulty link according to the link quality detection result, and process the faulty link.
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种计算设备,包括:处理器、存储器、通信接口和通信总线,所述处理器、所述存储器和所述通信接口通过所述通信总线完成相互间的通信;According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a computing device is provided, including: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, and the processor, the memory, and the communication interface complete mutual communication through the communication bus communication;
所述存储器用于存放至少一可执行指令,所述可执行指令使所述处理器执行上述IP承载网的组网优化方法对应的操作。The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, and the executable instruction causes the processor to perform operations corresponding to the aforementioned method for optimizing the networking of the IP bearer network.
根据本发明的再一方面,提供了一种计算机存储介质,所述存储介质中存储有至少一可执行指令,所述可执行指令使处理器执行如上述IP承载网的组网优化方法对应的操作。According to still another aspect of the present invention, a computer storage medium is provided, and at least one executable instruction is stored in the storage medium, and the executable instruction causes the processor to execute the above-mentioned method corresponding to the network optimization method of the IP bearer network. operate.
根据本发明的一种IP承载网的组网优化方法、装置、计算设备和存储介质,针对每个CE路由器,在其与对应的接入路由器之间以及在其与其他CE路由器之间建立传输链路;针对每个接入路由器,在其与对应的核心路由器之间以及在其与其他接入路由器之间建立传输链路,提升了IP承载网组网结构的可靠性,当传输通道、链路、设备板卡、端口等故障的情况下,仍然能有效保持双节点承载,避免了IP承载网出现双路由失效的风险;同时通过对链路质量检测以及故障链路处理,能够快速发现全链路的质量问题,并提升了响应能力。According to the networking optimization method, device, computing device and storage medium of an IP bearer network of the present invention, for each CE router, establish transmission between it and the corresponding access router and between it and other CE routers link; for each access router, a transmission link is established between it and the corresponding core router and between it and other access routers, which improves the reliability of the network structure of the IP bearer network. When the transmission channel, Even in the event of failures in links, equipment boards, ports, etc., the dual-node bearer can still be effectively maintained, avoiding the risk of dual-route failure in the IP bearer network; at the same time, through link quality detection and faulty link processing, it can be quickly found The quality problem of the whole link has been improved, and the responsiveness has been improved.
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable , the specific embodiments of the present invention are enumerated below.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment and are not to be considered as limiting the invention. Also throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same parts. In the attached picture:
图1示出了现有的IP承载网CE路由器、AR路由器和CR路由器的组网架构示意图;FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the networking architecture of CE routers, AR routers and CR routers in an existing IP bearer network;
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的一种IP承载网的组网优化方法的流程图;FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for optimizing the networking of an IP bearer network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3示出了本发明实施例提供的一种IP承载网的组网优化方法中的CE路由器、AR路由器和CR路由器的组网架构示意图;FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the networking architecture of CE routers, AR routers, and CR routers in a method for optimizing the networking of an IP bearer network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4示出了本发明实施例提供的一种IP承载网的组网优化装置的结构示意图;FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a network optimization device for an IP bearer network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5示出了本发明实施例提供的一种计算设备的结构示意图。Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a computing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本发明的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明,并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided for more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
在本发明中,CE(Customer Edge)路由器:用户边缘路由器;AR(Access Router)路由器:接入路由器;CR(Core Router)路由器:核心路由器。In the present invention, CE (Customer Edge) router: customer edge router; AR (Access Router) router: access router; CR (Core Router) router: core router.
BFD:Bidirectional Forwarding Detection,为双向转发检测,是一种全网统一的检测机制,用于快速检测、监控网络中链路或者IP路由的转发连通状况。BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, which is a bidirectional forwarding detection, is a unified detection mechanism for the entire network, which is used to quickly detect and monitor the forwarding connectivity of links or IP routes in the network.
IGP:Interior Gateway Protocol,为内部网关路由协议,是在一个自治系统内部使用的路由协议。IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol, an interior gateway routing protocol, is a routing protocol used within an autonomous system.
POS:Packet OverSONET/SDH,是一种应用城域网及广域网中的技术,能够用于传输分组数据。通过在路由器上插入一块POS模块,路由器就可以提供POS接口。POS: Packet OverSONET/SDH is a technology applied in metropolitan area network and wide area network, which can be used to transmit packet data. By inserting a POS module on the router, the router can provide a POS interface.
SCTP:Stream Control Transmission Protocol,为流控制传输协议,是提供基于不可靠传输业务的协议之上的可靠的数据报传输协议。SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol, a stream control transmission protocol, is a reliable datagram transmission protocol based on an unreliable transmission service protocol.
实施例一Embodiment one
图2示出了本发明IP承载网的组网优化方法实施例的流程图,如图2所示,该方法包括以下步骤:Fig. 2 shows the flowchart of the embodiment of the networking optimization method of IP bearer network of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, this method comprises the following steps:
S201:针对每个CE路由器,通过CE路由器的第一端口,在CE路由器与CE路由器对应的接入路由器之间建立第一传输链路;通过CE路由器的第二端口,在CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路。S201: For each CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router and the access router corresponding to the CE router through the first port of the CE router; establish a first transmission link between the CE router and other CE routers through the second port of the CE router. A second transmission link is established between the routers.
其中,第一端口和第二端口分布于该CE路由器的不同槽位上。具体地,将第一端口作为该CE路由器的上联端口,将第二端口作为该CE路由器的互联端口;接着申请该CE路由器上联和互联的传输链路资源,要求分布在不同的传输平面上面,从而确保单平面传输故障不会导致CE路由器的上联和互联链路同时断开;布放该CE路由器上联和互联的链路尾纤,通过该CE路由器的第一端口,在该CE路由器与该CE路由器对应的AR路由器之间建立第一传输链路(即上联链路),通过该CE路由器的第二端口,在该CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路(即互联链路),然后联合传输进行链路调测。具体地,在CE路由器和AR路由器上面配置调测IP地址,如:192.168.0.1/30,并选择大包(如大小为1500KB的数据包)、小包(如大小为128KB的数据包)做长ping测试,观察十分钟内链路测试没有丢包,则调试链路成功,否则联合传输再做链路调测排查,直至链路调测不丢包、时延抖动等符合要求为止。在调试链路成功之后,对CE路由器和AR路由器配置端口局数据,从而完成了CE-AR、CE-CE的双口字形组网。Wherein, the first port and the second port are distributed on different slots of the CE router. Specifically, use the first port as the uplink port of the CE router, and use the second port as the interconnection port of the CE router; then apply for the uplink and interconnection transmission link resources of the CE router, which are required to be distributed on different transmission planes above, so as to ensure that single-plane transmission failures will not cause the uplink and interconnection links of the CE router to be disconnected at the same time; the uplink and interconnection link pigtails of the CE router are placed through the first port of the CE router, on the A first transmission link (that is, an uplink) is established between the CE router and the AR router corresponding to the CE router, and a second transmission link is established between the CE router and other CE routers through the second port of the CE router. (that is, the interconnection link), and then joint transmission for link commissioning. Specifically, configure the commissioning IP address on the CE router and the AR router, such as: 192.168.0.1/30, and select a large packet (such as a data packet with a size of 1500KB) and a small packet (such as a data packet with a size of 128KB) as the long Ping test, observe that there is no packet loss in the link test within 10 minutes, then the link debugging is successful, otherwise, the link commissioning and troubleshooting will be performed after the joint transmission, until the link commissioning does not lose packets and the delay jitter meets the requirements. After successfully debugging the link, configure the port office data on the CE router and the AR router, thus completing the CE-AR, CE-CE dual-port network.
S202:针对每个接入路由器,通过接入路由器的第三端口,在接入路由器与接入路由器对应的核心路由器之间建立第三传输链路;通过接入路由器的第四端口,在接入路由器与其他接入路由器之间建立第四传输链路。S202: For each access router, establish a third transmission link between the access router and the core router corresponding to the access router through the third port of the access router; A fourth transmission link is established between the ingress router and other access routers.
其中,第三端口和第四端口分布于该接入路由器的不同槽位上。第三传输链路、第四传输链路的链路调试方式可与第一传输链路、第二传输链路的链路调试方式相似,此处不再赘述。Wherein, the third port and the fourth port are distributed on different slots of the access router. The link debugging methods of the third transmission link and the fourth transmission link may be similar to the link debugging methods of the first transmission link and the second transmission link, and will not be repeated here.
在步骤S201和S202中,由于原先互联链路大多基于POS链路承载,POS端口因为技术原因不能在物理端口上面分配子接口,无法实现单端口的多个子接口复用承载不同的业务,因此,通过将POS端口上原先承载的互联链路割接调整到新分配的以太网链路的方式,实现POS端口、POS链路的退网,即互联链路去POS化;同时通过将单条POS链路在传输侧修改参数拆分成2条以太网GE链路,因此只需要在CE路由器和AR路由器上面新分配以太网GE端口,并通过2条传输的以太网链路进行互联,实现了CE-AR上联的双链路优化。In steps S201 and S202, since most of the original interconnection links are carried by POS links, POS ports cannot allocate sub-interfaces on physical ports due to technical reasons, and multiple sub-interfaces of a single port cannot be multiplexed to carry different services. Therefore, By adjusting the cutover of the interconnection link originally carried on the POS port to the newly allocated Ethernet link, the network withdrawal of the POS port and the POS link is realized, that is, the de-POSization of the interconnection link; at the same time, a single POS chain The parameters are modified on the transmission side and split into two Ethernet GE links. Therefore, it is only necessary to allocate new Ethernet GE ports on the CE router and the AR router, and interconnect them through two transmission Ethernet links to realize CE - Dual link optimization for AR uplink.
其中,如图3所示,实线部分为现有的传输链路,虚线部分为对应新增的第一传输链路、第二传输链路、第三传输链路和第四传输链路,CE路由器1、AR路由器1、AR路由器2以及CE路由器2形成了双口字形组网,实现了CE-AR、CE-CE链路扩容,并承载实际流量。通过这种组网方式,实现了CE路由器链路级的组网保护,那么当发生传输单通道故障或者CE路由器单板卡故障时,能够确保CE路由器仍然是双节点承载业务,极大地降低了成对CE路由器同时退网的故障风险。并且通过这种组网方式,在接入路由器单块板卡故障的情况下,因为AR-CR的2条链路是分别部署在不同的端口上面,故单板卡故障只会导致单条AR-CR链路的故障,仍能有一条传输链路可以承载业务,网络仍然可以通过口字形组网承载,业务仍然可以通过两台AR做业务流量的转发,从而提高了IP承载网的稳定性。Wherein, as shown in Figure 3, the solid line part is the existing transmission link, and the dotted line part is the corresponding newly added first transmission link, second transmission link, third transmission link and fourth transmission link, CE router 1, AR router 1, AR router 2, and CE router 2 form a dual-port network, which implements CE-AR and CE-CE link capacity expansion and carries actual traffic. Through this networking method, the link-level networking protection of CE routers is realized, so when a single transmission channel fails or a board card of a CE router fails, it can be ensured that the CE router is still dual-node bearing services, which greatly reduces the Fault risk of paired CE routers disconnecting from the network at the same time. And through this networking method, in the case of a single board failure of the access router, because the two links of the AR-CR are deployed on different ports, the failure of a single board will only cause a single AR-CR If the CR link is faulty, there is still a transmission link that can carry services, the network can still be carried by a zigzag network, and services can still be forwarded through two ARs, thus improving the stability of the IP bearer network.
如图3所示,AR1-CR1互联链路1和AR2-CR2互联链路1是传输同平面1,AR1-CR1互联链路2和AR2-CR2互联链路2是传输同平面2,AR1-AR2互联链路1和AR1-AR2互联链路2分别属于传输平面3和传输平面4。其中,该AR1-CR1互联链路2和AR2-CR2互联链路2即对应上述第三传输链路,AR1-AR2的互联链路2即对应上述第四传输链路。当AR1-CR1传输单平面1故障,传输单平面1故障导致AR1-CR1、AR2-CR2的单条链路故障,可以通过传输平面2、传输平面3和传输平面4使得IP承载网组网结构还是口字形承载,不会造成业务中断。As shown in Figure 3, AR1-CR1 interconnection link 1 and AR2-CR2 interconnection link 1 are on the same transmission plane 1, AR1-CR1 interconnection link 2 and AR2-CR2 interconnection link 2 are on the same transmission plane 2, and AR1-CR2 interconnection link 2 is on the same transmission plane 2. AR2 interconnection link 1 and AR1-AR2 interconnection link 2 belong to transmission plane 3 and transmission plane 4 respectively. Wherein, the AR1-CR1 interconnection link 2 and the AR2-CR2 interconnection link 2 correspond to the above-mentioned third transmission link, and the AR1-AR2 interconnection link 2 corresponds to the above-mentioned fourth transmission link. When the transmission plane 1 of AR1-CR1 fails, and the failure of transmission plane 1 causes a single link failure of AR1-CR1 and AR2-CR2, the network structure of the IP bearer network can be maintained through transmission plane 2, transmission plane 3, and transmission plane 4. ZigZag bearing, will not cause business interruption.
特别地说,作为本实施例方案一种改进的实现方式,当成对CE路由器与成对AR路由器完全异机房部署时,成对CE路由器上联链路全部是通过传输链路通道连接到AR路由器,存在传输通道故障而导致的成对CE上联链路全断的风险,通过将CE1和CE2的上联链路分别连接至同机房的一台AR、异机房的另一台AR,从而同机房CE-AR之间是一个平面是通过裸线直连,它不受传输通道的影响,另一个CE-AR链路是通过传输通道承载;经过优化,当出现传输通道故障时,仍然保证同机房CE-AR链路是正常承载的,业务仍然能通过AR/CE安全进行,从而保障CE-AR链路至少有一条是不受跨机房传输通道影响,有效提升了网络组网的安全性。In particular, as an improved implementation of the solution in this embodiment, when the paired CE routers and the paired AR routers are deployed in different computer rooms, all the uplinks of the paired CE routers are connected to the AR routers through transmission link channels. , there is a risk that the uplinks of the paired CEs will be disconnected due to transmission channel failures. By connecting the uplinks of CE1 and CE2 to one AR in the same computer room and another AR in a different computer room, the One plane between CE and AR in the equipment room is directly connected through bare wires, which is not affected by the transmission channel, and the other CE-AR link is carried by the transmission channel; after optimization, when the transmission channel fails, the same The CE-AR link in the computer room is normally carried, and the business can still be carried out safely through the AR/CE, so as to ensure that at least one CE-AR link is not affected by the cross-computer room transmission channel, which effectively improves the security of the network.
S203:检测IP承载网中多个传输链路的链路质量,得到链路质量检测结果。S203: Detect link quality of multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network, and obtain link quality detection results.
其中,作为本实施例方案的一种改进的实现方式,在步骤S203之前,所述方法还包括:Wherein, as an improved implementation of the solution of this embodiment, before step S203, the method further includes:
根据链路聚合协议,对IP承载网中多个传输链路进行链路聚合,得到链路聚合组。According to the link aggregation protocol, link aggregation is performed on multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network to obtain a link aggregation group.
具体地,链路聚合(Link Aggregation)技术简言之就是将多条物理链路聚合成一条带宽更高的逻辑链路,该逻辑链路的带宽等于被聚合在一起的多条物理链路的带宽之和。聚合在一起的物理链路的条数可以根据业务的带宽需求来配置。因此链路聚合具有成本低,配置灵活的优点,此外,链路聚合还具有链路冗余备份的功能,聚合在一起的链路彼此动态备份,提高了网络的稳定性。Specifically, link aggregation (Link Aggregation) technology simply aggregates multiple physical links into a logical link with higher bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the logical link is equal to that of the multiple physical links aggregated together. sum of bandwidth. The number of aggregated physical links can be configured according to service bandwidth requirements. Therefore, link aggregation has the advantages of low cost and flexible configuration. In addition, link aggregation also has the function of link redundancy backup. The aggregated links dynamically back up each other, which improves the stability of the network.
进一步地,作为本实施例方案的一种改进的实现方式,步骤S203进一步包括:Further, as an improved implementation of the solution of this embodiment, step S203 further includes:
检测链路聚合组中每个传输链路是否存在丢包情况;Detect whether there is packet loss in each transmission link in the link aggregation group;
根据检测到的存在丢包情况的传输链路,确定链路质量检测结果。Determine the link quality detection result according to the detected transmission link with packet loss.
S204:根据链路质量检测结果,确定故障链路,并对故障链路进行处理。S204: Determine the faulty link according to the link quality detection result, and process the faulty link.
进一步地,作为本实施例方案的一种改进的实现方式,步骤S204进一步包括:将链路质量检测结果中记录的存在丢包情况的传输链路确定为故障链路,将故障链路上承载的业务切换至链路聚合组中其他传输链路承载,并使故障链路退出链路聚合组。Further, as an improved implementation of the solution of this embodiment, step S204 further includes: determining the transmission link with packet loss recorded in the link quality detection result as a faulty link, and The services of the link aggregation group are switched to other transmission links in the link aggregation group, and the faulty link is withdrawn from the link aggregation group.
具体地说,为了实现链路质量的快速检测,通过步骤S201和S202实现CE-AR、AR-CR互联双链路承载的基础上,通过在传输链路部署BFD、SCTP检测技术,当出现问题链路时,通过该BFD、SCTP检测技术能快速发现链路异常丢包,实现了链路质量劣化的毫秒级检测,当出现某条链路丢包时,该链路会自动退出链路聚合组,业务由链路聚合组的其他正常传输链路承载,避免业务中断。Specifically, in order to realize rapid detection of link quality, on the basis of implementing CE-AR and AR-CR interconnection dual-link bearer through steps S201 and S202, by deploying BFD and SCTP detection technologies on the transmission link, when a problem occurs link, the BFD and SCTP detection technologies can quickly detect abnormal link packet loss, and realize millisecond-level detection of link quality degradation. When a link loses packets, the link will automatically exit the link aggregation group, services are carried by other normal transmission links of the link aggregation group to avoid service interruption.
进一步地,作为本实施例方案的一种改进的实现方式,步骤S203进一步包括:Further, as an improved implementation of the solution of this embodiment, step S203 further includes:
检测IP承载网中多个传输链路中的误码率是否超过预设误码率阈值;Detect whether the bit error rate in multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network exceeds the preset bit error rate threshold;
根据检测到的误码率超过预设误码率阈值的传输链路,确定链路质量检测结果。According to the detected transmission link whose bit error rate exceeds the preset bit error rate threshold, the link quality detection result is determined.
进一步地,作为本实施例方案的一种改进的实现方式,步骤S204进一步包括:Further, as an improved implementation of the solution in this embodiment, step S204 further includes:
将链路质量检测结果中记录的误码率超过预设误码率阈值的传输链路确定为故障链路,为故障链路添加链路开销,以使业务切换至其他传输链路承载。The transmission link whose bit error rate recorded in the link quality inspection result exceeds the preset bit error rate threshold is determined as a faulty link, and link overhead is added to the faulty link so that the service is switched to another transmission link.
具体地说,当传输链路误码较多但是BFD技术未检测到该传输链路故障的情况下,通过预设误码率阈值,当检测到多个传输链路中某条传输链路的误码率超过预设误码率阈值时,说明已经影响到业务的进行,通过部署IGP误码倒换技术,将链路质量检测结果中记录的误码率超过预设误码率阈值的传输链路确定为故障链路,为故障链路添加链路开销,以使业务软切换至其他正常传输链路承载,全程业务无感知,在无需人工干预的情况下就可第一时间恢复业务,有效地提升了业务承载的质量。链路开销具体可为COST值,例如COST值为10000。Specifically, when there are many bit errors in the transmission link but the BFD technology does not detect the failure of the transmission link, through the preset bit error rate threshold, when a transmission link in multiple transmission links is detected When the bit error rate exceeds the preset bit error rate threshold, it means that the business has been affected. By deploying the IGP bit error switching technology, the transmission link whose bit error rate recorded in the link quality detection result exceeds the preset bit error rate threshold The link is determined as a faulty link, and link overhead is added to the faulty link, so that the service is soft-switched to other normal transmission links. The whole process is unaware, and the service can be restored immediately without manual intervention, effectively greatly improved the quality of service bearer. The link overhead may specifically be a COST value, for example, the COST value is 10000.
可选地,在确定故障链路之后,还可生成告警信息,并将告警信息推送至运维端,以便运维端侧的运维人员及时发现链路故障并处理,从而最大程度降低对业务的影响。Optionally, after the faulty link is determined, alarm information can also be generated and pushed to the operation and maintenance terminal, so that the operation and maintenance personnel on the operation and maintenance terminal side can find out the link failure and deal with it in time, thereby minimizing the impact on the business Impact.
通过采用本实施例提供的方法,针对每个CE路由器,在其与对应的接入路由器之间以及在其与其他CE路由器之间建立传输链路;针对每个接入路由器,在其与对应的核心路由器之间以及在其与其他接入路由器之间建立传输链路,提升了IP承载网组网结构的可靠性,当传输通道、链路、设备板卡、端口等故障的情况下,仍然能有效保持双节点承载,避免了IP承载网出现双路由失效的风险;同时通过对链路质量检测以及故障链路处理,能够快速发现全链路的质量问题,并提升了响应能力。By using the method provided in this embodiment, for each CE router, establish a transmission link between it and the corresponding access router and between it and other CE routers; for each access router, establish a transmission link between it and the corresponding Establish transmission links between core routers and other access routers, which improves the reliability of the IP bearer network structure. When transmission channels, links, equipment boards, ports, etc. fail, It can still effectively maintain the dual-node bearer, avoiding the risk of dual-route failure in the IP bearer network; at the same time, through the link quality detection and faulty link processing, the quality problems of the entire link can be quickly found and the response capability is improved.
实施例二Embodiment two
图4示出了本发明IP承载网的组网优化装置实施例的结构示意图。如图4所示,该装置包括:FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a network optimization device for an IP bearer network according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, the device includes:
CE路由器链路建立模块401,适于针对每个CE路由器,通过该CE路由器的第一端口,在该CE路由器与该CE路由器对应的接入路由器之间建立第一传输链路;通过该CE路由器的第二端口,在该CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路;The CE router link establishment module 401 is adapted to establish a first transmission link between the CE router and the access router corresponding to the CE router through the first port of the CE router for each CE router; A second port of the router, establishing a second transmission link between the CE router and other CE routers;
接入路由器链路建立模块402,适于针对每个接入路由器,通过该接入路由器的第三端口,在该接入路由器与该接入路由器对应的核心路由器之间建立第三传输链路;通过该接入路由器的第四端口,在该接入路由器与其他接入路由器之间建立第四传输链路;The access router link establishment module 402 is adapted to establish a third transmission link between the access router and the core router corresponding to the access router through the third port of the access router for each access router ; Establishing a fourth transmission link between the access router and other access routers through the fourth port of the access router;
检测模块403,适于检测IP承载网中多个传输链路的链路质量,得到链路质量检测结果;The detection module 403 is adapted to detect the link quality of multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network, and obtain the link quality detection result;
处理模块404,适于根据所述链路质量检测结果,确定故障链路,并对所述故障链路进行处理。The processing module 404 is adapted to determine the faulty link according to the link quality detection result, and process the faulty link.
在一种可选的方式中,第一端口和第二端口分布于该CE路由器的不同槽位上;第三端口和第四端口分布于该接入路由器的不同槽位上。In an optional manner, the first port and the second port are distributed on different slots of the CE router; the third port and the fourth port are distributed on different slots of the access router.
在一种可选的方式中,该装置还可以包括:链路聚合模块(图中未示出),用于根据链路聚合协议,对IP承载网中多个传输链路进行链路聚合,得到链路聚合组。In an optional manner, the device may further include: a link aggregation module (not shown in the figure), configured to perform link aggregation on multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network according to the link aggregation protocol, Get the link aggregation group.
具体地,链路聚合技术简言之就是将多条物理链路聚合成一条带宽更高的逻辑链路,该逻辑链路的带宽等于被聚合在一起的多条物理链路的带宽之和。聚合在一起的物理链路的条数可以根据业务的带宽需求来配置。因此链路聚合具有成本低,配置灵活的优点,此外,链路聚合还具有链路冗余备份的功能,聚合在一起的链路彼此动态备份,提高了网络的稳定性。Specifically, the link aggregation technology simply aggregates multiple physical links into a logical link with higher bandwidth, and the bandwidth of the logical link is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of the aggregated multiple physical links. The number of aggregated physical links can be configured according to service bandwidth requirements. Therefore, link aggregation has the advantages of low cost and flexible configuration. In addition, link aggregation also has the function of link redundancy backup. The aggregated links dynamically back up each other, which improves the stability of the network.
在一种可选的方式中,检测模块403进一步用于:检测链路聚合组中每个传输链路是否存在丢包情况;根据检测到的存在丢包情况的传输链路,确定链路质量检测结果。In an optional manner, the detection module 403 is further configured to: detect whether there is packet loss in each transmission link in the link aggregation group; determine the link quality according to the detected transmission link with packet loss Test results.
在一种可选的方式中,处理模块404进一步用于:将所述链路质量检测结果中记录的存在丢包情况的传输链路确定为故障链路,将所述故障链路上承载的业务切换至所述链路聚合组中其他传输链路承载,并使所述故障链路退出所述链路聚合组。In an optional manner, the processing module 404 is further configured to: determine the transmission link with packet loss recorded in the link quality detection result as a faulty link, and The service is switched to be carried by other transmission links in the link aggregation group, and the faulty link is withdrawn from the link aggregation group.
具体地说,为了实现链路质量的快速检测,通过CE路由器链路建立模块401和接入路由器链路建立模块402实现CE-AR、AR-CR互联双链路承载的基础上,通过在传输链路部署BFD、SCTP检测技术,当出现问题链路时,通过该BFD、SCTP检测技术能快速发现链路异常丢包,当出现某条链路丢包时,该链路会自动退出链路聚合组,业务由链路聚合组的其他正常传输链路承载,避免业务中断。Specifically, in order to realize the rapid detection of link quality, the CE router link establishment module 401 and the access router link establishment module 402 are implemented on the basis of CE-AR, AR-CR interconnection dual-link bearer, through the transmission The link deploys BFD and SCTP detection technology. When there is a problem link, the BFD and SCTP detection technology can quickly find abnormal packet loss on the link. When a link packet loss occurs, the link will automatically exit the link. In the aggregation group, services are carried by other normal transmission links of the link aggregation group to avoid service interruption.
在一种可选的方式中,检测模块403进一步用于:检测IP承载网中多个传输链路中的误码率是否超过预设误码率阈值;根据检测到的误码率超过预设误码率阈值的传输链路,确定链路质量检测结果。In an optional manner, the detection module 403 is further configured to: detect whether the bit error rate in multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network exceeds a preset bit error rate threshold; The transmission link with the bit error rate threshold determines the link quality detection result.
在一种可选的方式中,处理模块404进一步用于:将所述链路质量检测结果中记录的误码率超过预设误码率阈值的传输链路确定为故障链路,为所述故障链路添加链路开销,以使业务切换至其他传输链路承载。In an optional manner, the processing module 404 is further configured to: determine a transmission link whose bit error rate recorded in the link quality detection result exceeds a preset bit error rate threshold as a faulty link, and for the Link overhead is added to the faulty link to switch services to other transmission links.
具体地说,当传输链路误码较多但是BFD技术未检测到该传输链路故障的情况下,通过预设误码率阈值,当检测到多个传输链路中的误码率超过预设误码率阈值时,已经影响到业务的进行,通过部署IGP误码倒换技术,将链路质量检测结果中记录的误码率超过预设误码率阈值的传输链路确定为故障链路,为故障链路添加链路开销,以使业务切换至其他传输链路承载。Specifically, when there are many bit errors in the transmission link but the BFD technology does not detect the failure of the transmission link, through the preset bit error rate threshold, when it is detected that the bit error rate in multiple transmission links exceeds the preset When the bit error rate threshold is set, the business has been affected. By deploying the IGP error switching technology, the transmission link whose bit error rate recorded in the link quality inspection result exceeds the preset bit error rate threshold is determined as a faulty link , adding link overhead to the faulty link, so that the service is switched to other transmission links.
采用本实施例提供的装置,针对每个CE路由器,在其与对应的接入路由器之间以及在其与其他CE路由器之间建立传输链路;针对每个接入路由器,在其与对应的核心路由器之间以及在其与其他接入路由器之间建立传输链路,提升了IP承载网组网结构的可靠性,当传输通道、链路、设备板卡、端口等故障的情况下,仍然能有效保持双节点承载,避免了IP承载网出现双路由失效的风险;同时通过对链路质量检测以及故障链路处理,能够快速发现全链路的质量问题,并提升了响应能力。Using the device provided in this embodiment, for each CE router, establish a transmission link between it and the corresponding access router and between it and other CE routers; for each access router, establish a transmission link between it and the corresponding The establishment of transmission links between core routers and other access routers improves the reliability of the IP bearer network structure. When transmission channels, links, equipment boards, ports, etc. fail, the It can effectively maintain the dual-node bearer, avoiding the risk of dual-route failure in the IP bearer network; at the same time, through the link quality detection and faulty link processing, the quality problems of the entire link can be quickly found and the response capability is improved.
实施例三Embodiment three
本发明实施例提供了一种非易失性计算机存储介质,所述计算机存储介质存储有至少一可执行指令,该计算机可执行指令可执行上述任意方法实施例中的IP承载网的组网优化方法。An embodiment of the present invention provides a non-volatile computer storage medium, the computer storage medium stores at least one executable instruction, and the computer executable instruction can perform the networking optimization of the IP bearer network in any of the above method embodiments method.
可执行指令具体可以用于使得处理器执行以下操作:Specifically, the executable instruction can be used to make the processor perform the following operations:
针对每个CE路由器,通过该CE路由器的第一端口,在该CE路由器与该CE路由器对应的接入路由器之间建立第一传输链路;通过该CE路由器的第二端口,在该CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路;For each CE router, through the first port of the CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router and the access router corresponding to the CE router; through the second port of the CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router Establishing a second transmission link with other CE routers;
针对每个接入路由器,通过该接入路由器的第三端口,在该接入路由器与该接入路由器对应的核心路由器之间建立第三传输链路;通过该接入路由器的第四端口,在该接入路由器与其他接入路由器之间建立第四传输链路;For each access router, through the third port of the access router, a third transmission link is established between the access router and the core router corresponding to the access router; through the fourth port of the access router, establishing a fourth transmission link between the access router and other access routers;
检测IP承载网中多个传输链路的链路质量,得到链路质量检测结果;Detect the link quality of multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network, and obtain the link quality detection results;
根据链路质量检测结果,确定故障链路,并对故障链路进行处理。According to the link quality detection result, determine the faulty link, and handle the faulty link.
实施例四Embodiment Four
图5示出了本发明计算设备实施例的结构示意图,本发明具体实施例并不对计算设备的具体实现做限定。FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a computing device in the present invention, and the specific embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific implementation of the computing device.
如图5所示,该计算设备可以包括:处理器(processor)、通信接口(Communications Interface)、存储器(memory)、以及通信总线。As shown in FIG. 5 , the computing device may include: a processor (processor), a communication interface (Communications Interface), a memory (memory), and a communication bus.
其中:处理器、通信接口、以及存储器通过通信总线完成相互间的通信。通信接口,用于与其它设备比如客户端或其它服务器等的网元通信。处理器,用于执行程序,具体可以执行上述用于计算设备的IP承载网的组网优化方法实施例中的相关步骤。Wherein: the processor, the communication interface, and the memory complete the mutual communication through the communication bus. The communication interface is used to communicate with network elements of other devices such as clients or other servers. The processor is configured to execute the program, and specifically, may execute the related steps in the embodiments of the above-mentioned method for optimizing the networking of the IP bearer network for the computing device.
具体地,程序可以包括程序代码,该程序代码包括计算机操作指令。Specifically, the program may include program code including computer operation instructions.
处理器可能是中央处理器CPU,或者是特定集成电路ASIC(Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit),或者是被配置成实施本发明实施例的一个或多个集成电路。计算设备包括的一个或多个处理器,可以是同一类型的处理器,如一个或多个CPU;也可以是不同类型的处理器,如一个或多个CPU以及一个或多个ASIC。The processor may be a central processing unit CPU, or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention. The one or more processors included in the computing device may be of the same type, such as one or more CPUs, or may be different types of processors, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.
存储器,用于存放程序。存储器可能包含高速RAM存储器,也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory),例如至少一个磁盘存储器。Memory for storing programs. The memory may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.
程序具体可以用于使得处理器执行以下操作:Specifically, the program can be used to cause the processor to perform the following operations:
针对每个CE路由器,通过该CE路由器的第一端口,在该CE路由器与该CE路由器对应的接入路由器之间建立第一传输链路;通过该CE路由器的第二端口,在该CE路由器与其他CE路由器之间建立第二传输链路;For each CE router, through the first port of the CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router and the access router corresponding to the CE router; through the second port of the CE router, establish a first transmission link between the CE router Establishing a second transmission link with other CE routers;
针对每个接入路由器,通过该接入路由器的第三端口,在该接入路由器与该接入路由器对应的核心路由器之间建立第三传输链路;通过该接入路由器的第四端口,在该接入路由器与其他接入路由器之间建立第四传输链路;For each access router, through the third port of the access router, a third transmission link is established between the access router and the core router corresponding to the access router; through the fourth port of the access router, establishing a fourth transmission link between the access router and other access routers;
检测IP承载网中多个传输链路的链路质量,得到链路质量检测结果;Detect the link quality of multiple transmission links in the IP bearer network, and obtain the link quality detection results;
根据链路质量检测结果,确定故障链路,并对故障链路进行处理。According to the link quality detection result, determine the faulty link, and handle the faulty link.
在此提供的算法或显示不与任何特定计算机、虚拟系统或者其它设备固有相关。各种通用系统也可以与基于在此的示教一起使用。根据上面的描述,构造这类系统所要求的结构是显而易见的。此外,本发明实施例也不针对任何特定编程语言。应当明白,可以利用各种编程语言实现在此描述的本发明的内容,并且上面对特定语言所做的描述是为了披露本发明的最佳实施方式。The algorithms or displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other device. Various generic systems can also be used with the teachings based on this. The structure required to construct such a system is apparent from the above description. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention are not directed to any particular programming language. It should be understood that various programming languages can be used to implement the contents of the present invention described herein, and the above description of specific languages is for disclosing the best mode of the present invention.
在此处所提供的说明书中,说明了大量具体细节。然而,能够理解,本发明的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践。在一些实例中,并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术,以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of this description.
类似地,应当理解,为了精简本发明并帮助理解各个发明方面中的一个或多个,在上面对本发明的示例性实施例的描述中,本发明实施例的各个特征有时被一起分组到单个实施例、图、或者对其的描述中。然而,并不应将该公开的方法解释成反映如下意图:即所要求保护的本发明要求比在每个权利要求中所明确记载的特征更多的特征。更确切地说,如下面的权利要求书所反映的那样,发明方面在于少于前面公开的单个实施例的所有特征。因此,遵循具体实施方式的权利要求书由此明确地并入该具体实施方式,其中每个权利要求本身都作为本发明的单独实施例。Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, in order to streamline the present disclosure and to facilitate an understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects, various features of the embodiments of the invention are sometimes grouped together into a single implementation examples, figures, or descriptions thereof. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
本领域那些技术人员可以理解,可以对实施例中的设备中的模块进行自适应性地改变并且把它们设置在与该实施例不同的一个或多个设备中。可以把实施例中的模块或单元或组件组合成一个模块或单元或组件,以及此外可以把它们分成多个子模块或子单元或子组件。除了这样的特征和/或过程或者单元中的至少一些是相互排斥之外,可以采用任何组合对本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征以及如此公开的任何方法或者设备的所有过程或单元进行组合。除非另外明确陈述,本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的每个特征可以由提供相同、等同或相似目的的替代特征来代替。Those skilled in the art can understand that the modules in the device in the embodiment can be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiment. Modules or units or components in the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-assemblies. All features disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and any method or method so disclosed may be used in any combination, except that at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive. All processes or units of equipment are combined. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
此外,本领域的技术人员能够理解,尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征,但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本发明的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如,在下面的权利要求书中,所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention. And form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
本发明的各个部件实施例可以以硬件实现,或者以在一个或者多个处理器上运行的软件模块实现,或者以它们的组合实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解,可以在实践中使用微处理器或者数字信号处理器(DSP)来实现根据本发明实施例的一些或者全部部件的一些或者全部功能。本发明还可以实现为用于执行这里所描述的方法的一部分或者全部的设备或者装置程序(例如,计算机程序和计算机程序产品)。这样的实现本发明的程序可以存储在计算机可读介质上,或者可以具有一个或者多个信号的形式。这样的信号可以从因特网网站上下载得到,或者在载体信号上提供,或者以任何其他形式提供。The various component embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art should understand that a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all functions of some or all components according to the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention can also be implemented as an apparatus or an apparatus program (for example, a computer program and a computer program product) for performing a part or all of the methods described herein. Such a program for realizing the present invention may be stored on a computer-readable medium, or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an Internet site, or provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.
应该注意的是上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中,不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。位于元件之前的单词“一”或“一个”不排除存在多个这样的元件。本发明可以借助于包括有若干不同元件的硬件以及借助于适当编程的计算机来实现。在列举了若干装置的单元权利要求中,这些装置中的若干个可以是通过同一个硬件项来具体体现。单词第一、第二、以及第三等的使用不表示任何顺序。可将这些单词解释为名称。上述实施例中的步骤,除有特殊说明外,不应理解为对执行顺序的限定。It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names. The steps in the above embodiments, unless otherwise specified, should not be construed as limiting the execution order.
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