CN112617011B - Compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound feed for promoting maturity of litopenaeus vannamei ovary and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes fish meal, gelatin and casein as protein sources, and takes cholesterol, palm oil, fish oil and krill oil as fat sources. Grinding the granular raw materials by a high-speed multifunctional grinder, then preparing the raw materials into powder by a screen, adding all the raw materials according to the proportion, fully mixing, uniformly mixing distilled water and feed components, sieving the mixture by the screen, preparing the sieved materials into soft sand by a strong mixer, transferring the soft sand into a double-screw grinder, and extruding the soft sand into granular feed. The feed was air-dried at room temperature until the moisture content was below 10% and stored at-20 ℃. The artificial compound feed has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation and the like, can ensure that the parent shrimps grow healthily, can effectively promote the gonad development of the parent shrimps, promote the parent shrimps to secrete reproductive hormone, enhance the reproductive performance and have wide application prospect.

Description

A compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of marine product cultivation, and relates to a culture technique of Litopenaeus vannamei, in particular to a compound feed for promoting ovary ripening of Litopenaeus vannamei and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Litopenaeus vannamei is native to the eastern Pacific from Sonora, Mexico to northern Peru, and has been widely farmed worldwide in recent years. According to the statistics of the World Food and Agriculture Organization, the worldwide aquaculture production of Litopenaeus vannamei has increased from 186,000 tons in 1999 to 49.662 million tons in 2018. Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced into China in 1987. Due to its high economic value and good breeding characteristics, it has become the most important prawn species in my country.

The shrimp breeding link is at the beginning of the entire Litopenaeus vannamei industry chain. Most of the Litopenaeus vannamei seedlings in my country are imported from foreign companies, and the dependence on foreign seedlings has seriously restricted the development of the Litopenaeus vannamei industry in China. Since 2004, domestically, through introduction, digestion and absorption and independent innovation, a "multi-trait compound breeding technology for aquatic animals" based on large-scale families has been established. Fully artificial broodstock breeding has become the key technology of the Litopenaeus vannamei industry.

Nutrition is undoubtedly one of the key factors in broodstock cultivation, which determines the gonad development and reproductive performance of the broodstock. At present, the maturation promotion of female Litopenaeus vannamei at home and abroad is mainly based on eye stalk resection and feeding clam worms and squid to strengthen their nutrition to achieve gonad maturation. Although this technology has been widely used in many places around the world, and its application in production is relatively mature. However, there are disadvantages in that: firstly, although removal of the eye stalk can rapidly promote the maturation of the ovary and mass spawning, the broodstock after the removal of the eye stalk loses the regulation of the gonadal inhibitory hormone, so that it is always in a vigorous development state until Ovarian failure, destructive operations sometimes aggravate the rise in mortality; Second, claret worms contain a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The content is very rich, and it is a high-quality bait for aquatic organisms such as broodstock; some sex hormones or sterols contained in squid can effectively induce the production and accumulation of yolk substances, and the two have high nutritional value, which is ideal for the reproduction of broodstock Effect. However, they have a series of problems such as high price, damage to water quality, infectious pathogens, and unstable quality in the application process. In contrast, artificial compound feed has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, storage and transportation.

Lipid is an important nutrient element in reproductive development, and the fat level and fatty acid composition of the diet play an extremely important role in the gonad maturation and reproductive performance of broodstock. Krill oil contains various types of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. Krill oil has a high concentration of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 13.8-20.3%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 5.6-17.4%) are a Valuable dietary supplement. While fish oils contain similar levels of EPA and DHA, krill oil is unique in comparison to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaene Acid (DHA), which is rich in phospholipid-derived omega-3 fatty acids, is more bioavailable than triglycerides (TAG) in fish oil. Additionally, krill oil contains astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment and a powerful natural antioxidant. Phospholipid is an essential nutrient for shrimp, and is the main component of fat in shrimp ovary, mainly in the form of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Therefore, krill oil can be used as a dietary fat source for broodstock ovary maturation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound feed that takes krill oil as the main fat source to replace biological bait. The compound feed of the present invention has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation, etc., and can replace Feeding biological bait can not only make the broodstock grow healthily, but also effectively promote the gonad development of the broodstock, promote the secretion of reproductive hormones in the broodstock, and enhance the reproductive performance.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is: provide a compound feed for promoting the ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei, wherein, it includes the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of fish meal, 200-400 parts of casein, 50-100 parts of gelatin, 100-200 parts of corn starch, 1-20 parts of fish oil, 10-50 parts of krill oil, 1-10 parts of cholesterol, 10-50 parts of palm oil, 0.5-5 parts of anhydrous calcium carbonate, five 1-10 parts of calcium lactate hydrate, 1-10 parts of choline chloride, 1-10 parts of inositol, 0.1-1 part of betaine, 10-30 parts of vitamin premix, 1-20 parts of mineral premix 10-30 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 10-30 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and 40-100 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

Further, the vitamin premix includes the following components: vitamin A acetate, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C, folic acid, biotin, riboflavin, DLCa-pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, Cylamine hydrochloride, vitamin B12, vitamin K3, vitamin D ₃ , DL-α-tocopheryl acetic acid, niacin, defatted rice bran.

Further, the vitamin premix includes the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A acetate 0.1-1%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C10-40%, folic acid 0.1-1%, bio 1-5% riboflavin, 1-5% riboflavin, 1-10% DLCa-pantothenic acid, 1-5% pyridoxine, 0.1-1% amine hydrochloride, 0.1-1% vitamin B12, 0.1-1% vitamin K3 1 ～5%, vitamin D ₃ 0.1～1%, DL-α-tocopherol acetic acid 5～10%, niacin 1～10%, defatted rice bran 30～50%.

Further, the mineral premix includes the following components: zinc sulfate monohydrate, calcium iodate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, cobalt chloride, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate Sodium selenate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, bran flour.

Further, the mineral premix includes the following percentage components: 1-3% of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of calcium iodate, 0.5-1% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.5-1% of manganese sulfate monohydrate %, magnesium sulfate monohydrate 2-5%, cobalt chloride 0.1-1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 0.5-1%, sodium selenite 0.1-1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 10-20%, bran 70-80% flour.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a compound feed for promoting the maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei ovaries, comprising the following steps:

S1. Grinding fishmeal, gelatin, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed pulverizer respectively, and sieving through a 60-80 mesh screen for later use;

S2. Melting choline chloride, inositol and betaine into 20-100mL deionized water together to obtain an ionized water mixture;

S3. Add anhydrous calcium carbonate, calcium lactate pentahydrate, cholesterol, mineral premix, vitamin premix, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and gelatin to the container in order from small to large. , cornstarch, fishmeal, and casein are fully mixed to obtain a premix;

S4. Add 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, fish oil, krill oil, palm oil, and ionic water mixed solution in turn to the premix, and mix well;

S5. Mix and stir, use a 60-80 mesh sieve to sieve, transfer the under-sieve to a strong mixer and stir thoroughly, and add 2-5mL deionized water to stir again to obtain a soft sandy mixture;

S6. Transfer the mixture to a twin-screw grinder and extrude it into granules, and air-dry at room temperature to obtain a compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Further, the particles have a diameter of 1.5-3 mm and a length of 0.2-1 cm.

Further, the granules are air-dried at room temperature until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and stored at -20°C.

Compared with the prior art, the compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The compound feed of the present invention can significantly improve the content of estradiol (E2) and methyl farnesate (MF) in the serum of parent shrimp, promote the deposition of yolk particles in the ovary of parent shrimp, and can replace biological bait to make the ovary of parent shrimp Mature, reduce the risk of broodstock infected with pathogenic bacteria due to ingesting biological bait;

(2) The compound feed of the present invention can improve the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hepatopancreas, improve the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas of brood shrimp, and reduce the lipid peroxide It can reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the degraded products of the body and reduce the degree of free radical attack on the body cells. It is an artificial compound feed that can not only make the broodstock grow healthily, but also promote the maturation of the ovaries.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that the addition of phospholipids in the feed of the present invention can promote the accumulation of lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovaries of broodstock female individuals;

Fig. 2 is the comparative figure of the parent shrimp ovary tissue section in the present invention and control group 1-3;

Fig. 3 is the comparison chart of parent shrimp gonad index (A) and hormone level (B/C) in the present invention and control group 1-3;

Fig. 4 is the comparative figure of the broodstock shrimp antioxidant enzyme activity in the present invention and control group 1-3;

Fig. 5A is the nereist worm fed by the control group 4, Fig. 5B is the parent-child feces of the control group 4 ingesting the nereist worm, and Fig. 5C is the parent-prawn feces of the present invention and the control group 1-3 ingesting the feed;

Fig. 6 is a graph showing the amount of Vibrio in the water environment and broodstock feces of the present invention and control groups 1-4.

Detailed ways

Example 1

(1) Pretreatment: Select healthy, uniform and vigorous female Litopenaeus vannamei (body weight 30-35g, body length 13-15cm, age 160d), soak in 1500-2000ppm povidone-iodine solution before entering the pond Disinfect for 3 to 5 seconds to prevent infection by filamentous bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

(2) Breeding pond 1#: Broodstock pond (drum): d(4.0)m×h(1.1)m, control the actual water storage to 6.0～6.3m ³ , and configure light control, temperature control and oxygenation system .

(3) the preparation method of the compound feed of Litopenaeus vannamei ovary of the present invention promotes maturation, comprises the following steps:

S1. Grind 200 g of fish meal, 80 g of gelatin, and 20 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed multifunctional pulverizer (model: 4500Y), and sieve through a 80-mesh sieve for later use ;

S2, 4 g of choline chloride, 5 g of inositol, and 0.25 g of betaine are dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water together to obtain an ionized water mixture;

S3. Add 1 g of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 4 g of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 5 g of cholesterol, 10 g of mineral premix, 20 g of vitamin premix, and 20 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into the container in order from small to large. , microcrystalline cellulose 70.75g, gelatin 80g, cornstarch 150g, fish meal 200g, casein 320g, fully mix, obtain premix;

S4. Add 20 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 10 g of fish oil, 40 g of krill oil, 40 g of palm oil, and ionic water mixture in sequence in the premix, and mix well;

S5. Mix and stir, use a 60-mesh sieve to sieve, transfer the under-sieve to a strong mixer (model: B20) and fully stir, and add 2.5mL of deionized water to stir again to obtain a soft sandy mixture;

S6. Transfer the mixed material to a twin-screw grinder (model: CD4-1TS) and extrude it into particles with a diameter of 2.5mm and a length of 0.5cm, air-dry at room temperature until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and store at -20°C Next, the compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei was obtained.

The vitamin premix comprises the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A acetate (500,000 IU/g): 0.48%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35%, active C: 35.71%, folic acid: 0.18% , biotin: 2.5%, riboflavin: 3%, DLCa-pantothenic acid: 5%, pyridoxine: 1%, cinnamon hydrochloride: 0.5%, vitamin B12: 0.2%, vitamin K3: 2%, vitamin D ₃ (500,000 IU/g): 0.8%, DL-α-tocopheryl acetic acid (250IU/g): 8%, niacin: 5%, defatted rice bran: 35.63%.

The mineral premix includes the following components by weight percentage: zinc sulfate monohydrate: 2%, calcium iodate: 0.1%, copper sulfate pentahydrate: 0.6%, manganese sulfate monohydrate: 1%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate : 4%, cobalt chloride: 1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate: 0.8%, sodium selenite: 0.8%, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate: 15%, bran flour: 74.7%.

(4) Breeding of broodstock: the temporary breeding density is 50 tails/pond, the daily water change is 1/3 to 1/2, and the residual bait, molting and feces are removed by siphon before water change, so as to maintain a good water quality environment (water temperature) 28～29℃, pH7.8～8.4, salinity 30～32ppt, dissolved oxygen 5.0～6.0mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.10～0.30mg/L, nitrous nitrogen 0.03～0.10mg/L) the daily control light cycle is L: D = 12-14: 10-12.

(5) Broodstock feeding: a 28-day breeding experiment, feeding the above-mentioned feed. During the breeding period, in order to avoid the loss of nutrients caused by the long-term immersion of the feed in the breeding water body, it was carried out 7 times a day at 7:30, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 23:30. For feeding, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the total body weight, and the daily feeding amount is adjusted according to the weather conditions and feeding conditions.

Example 2

(1) Pretreatment: Select healthy, uniform and vigorous female Litopenaeus vannamei (body weight 30-35g, body length 13-15cm, age 160d), soak in 1500-2000ppm povidone-iodine solution before entering the pond Disinfect for 3 to 5 seconds to prevent infection by filamentous bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

(2) Breeding pond 1#: Broodstock pond (drum): d(4.0)m×h(1.1)m, control the actual water storage to 6.0～6.3m ³ , and configure light control, temperature control and oxygenation system .

(3) the preparation method of the compound feed of Litopenaeus vannamei ovary of the present invention promotes maturation, comprises the following steps:

S1. Grind 100 g of fish meal, 50 g of gelatin, and 10 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed multifunctional pulverizer, and sieve through an 80-mesh sieve for later use;

S2. Melting 1 g of choline chloride, 1 g of inositol, and 0.1 g of betaine into 100 mL of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution of deionized water;

S3. Add 0.5g of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 1g of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 1g of cholesterol, 1g of mineral premix, 10g of vitamin premix, and 10g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into the container in order from small to large. , microcrystalline cellulose 49.34g, gelatin 50g, cornstarch 100g, fish meal 100g, casein 200g, fully mix, obtain premix;

S4. Add 10 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 1 g of fish oil, 10 g of krill oil, 10 g of palm oil, and ionic water mixture in sequence in the premix, and mix well;

S5, mix and stir, use 80 mesh sieves to sieve, transfer the under-sieve to a strong mixer for full stirring, and add 2mL of deionized water to stir again to obtain a soft sandy mixture;

S6. Transfer the mixture to a twin-screw grinder and extrude it into particles with a diameter of 1.5mm and a length of 0.2cm, air-dry at room temperature until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and store at -20°C to obtain Litopenaeus vannamei Compound feed for ovarian maturation.

The vitamin premix comprises the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A acetate (500,000 IU/g): 1%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35%, active C: 40%, folic acid: 0.1% , Biotin: 1%, Riboflavin: 1%, DLCa-Pantothenic Acid: 1%, Pyridoxine: 1%, Cylamine Hydrochloride: 0.1%, Vitamin B12: 0.1%, Vitamin K3: 1%, Vitamin D ₃ (500,000 IU/g): 1%, DL-α-tocopheryl acetic acid (250IU/g): 10%, niacin: 10%, defatted rice bran: 32.7%.

The mineral premix includes the following components in weight percentage: zinc sulfate monohydrate: 1%, calcium iodate: 0.1%, copper sulfate pentahydrate: 1%, manganese sulfate monohydrate: 1%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate : 2%, cobalt chloride: 1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate: 1%, sodium selenite: 0.1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate: 12.8%, bran flour: 80%.

(4) Breeding of broodstock: the temporary breeding density is 50 tails/pond, the daily water change is 1/3 to 1/2, and the residual bait, molting and feces are removed by siphon before water change, so as to maintain a good water quality environment (water temperature) 28～29℃, pH7.8～8.4, salinity 30～32ppt, dissolved oxygen 5.0～6.0mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.10～0.30mg/L, nitrous nitrogen 0.03～0.10mg/L) the daily control light cycle is L: D = 12-14: 10-12.

(5) Broodstock feeding: a 28-day breeding experiment, feeding the above-mentioned feed. During the breeding period, in order to avoid the loss of nutrients caused by the long-term immersion of the feed in the breeding water body, it was carried out 7 times a day at 7:30, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 23:30. For feeding, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the total body weight, and the daily feeding amount is adjusted according to the weather conditions and feeding conditions.

Example 3

(1) Pretreatment: Select healthy, uniform and vigorous female Litopenaeus vannamei (body weight 30-35g, body length 13-15cm, age 160d), soak in 1500-2000ppm povidone-iodine solution before entering the pond Disinfect for 3 to 5 seconds to prevent infection by filamentous bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

(2) Breeding pond 1#: Broodstock pond (drum): d(4.0)m×h(1.1)m, control the actual water storage to 6.0～6.3m ³ , and configure light control, temperature control and oxygenation system .

(3) the preparation method of the compound feed of Litopenaeus vannamei ovary of the present invention promotes maturation, comprises the following steps:

S1. Grind 300 g of fish meal, 50 g of gelatin, and 30 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed pulverizer, and sieve through an 80-mesh screen for later use;

S2. Dissolve 10 g of choline chloride, 10 g of inositol, and 1 g of betaine into 20-100 mL of deionized water to obtain a mixed solution of deionized water;

S3. Add 5g of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 10g of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 10g of cholesterol, 20g of mineral premix, 30g of vitamin premix, 30g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 40g of microcrystalline cellulose, 50g of gelatin, 100g of cornstarch, 234g of casein, 300g of fish meal, fully mixed to obtain a premix;

S4. Add 30 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 20 g of fish oil, 50 g of krill oil, 50 g of palm oil, and ionic water mixture in sequence in the premix, and mix well;

S5, mix and stir, use 80 mesh sieves to sieve, transfer the under-sieve to a strong mixer for full stirring, and add 5mL of deionized water to stir again to obtain a soft sandy mixture;

S6. Transfer the mixed material to a twin-screw grinder and extrude it into granules with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 1 cm, air-dry at room temperature until the water content is lower than 10%, and store at -20°C to obtain Litopenaeus vannamei ovaries for maturation compound feed.

The vitamin premix comprises the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A acetate (500,000 IU/g): 1%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35%, active C: 20%, folic acid: 1% , Biotin: 5%, Riboflavin: 5%, DLCa-Pantothenic Acid: 10%, Pyridoxine: 5%, Cylamine Hydrochloride: 1%, Vitamin B12: 1%, Vitamin K3: 5%, Vitamin D ₃ (500,000 IU/g): 1%, DL-α-tocopheryl acetic acid (250IU/g): 5%, niacin: 10%, defatted rice bran: 30%.

The mineral premix includes the following components in weight percentage: zinc sulfate monohydrate: 3%, calcium iodate: 1%, copper sulfate pentahydrate: 1%, manganese sulfate monohydrate: 1%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate : 5%, cobalt chloride: 1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate: 1%, sodium selenite: 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate: 16%, bran flour: 70%.

(4) Breeding of broodstock: the temporary breeding density is 50 tails/pond, the daily water change is 1/3 to 1/2, and the residual bait, molting and feces are removed by siphon before water change, so as to maintain a good water quality environment (water temperature) 28～29℃, pH7.8～8.4, salinity 30～32ppt, dissolved oxygen 5.0～6.0mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.10～0.30mg/L, nitrous nitrogen 0.03～0.10mg/L) the daily control light cycle is L: D = 12-14: 10-12.

(5) Broodstock feeding: a 28-day breeding experiment, feeding the above-mentioned feed. During the breeding period, in order to avoid the loss of nutrients caused by the long-term immersion of the feed in the breeding water body, it was carried out 7 times a day at 7:30, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 23:30. For feeding, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the total body weight, and the daily feeding amount is adjusted according to the weather conditions and feeding conditions.

Control group 1 (feeding PL0 group feed)

In control group 1, except that the feed does not contain krill oil, cholesterol, fish oil and palm oil, the remaining components, preparation method, breeding and feeding process are all the same as in Example 1 of the present invention.

Control group 2 (feeding SL group feed)

Control group 2 except that krill oil is replaced by soybean lecithin in the feed and does not contain vitamin premix and mineral premix; the remaining components, preparation methods, breeding and feeding processes are all the same as in Example 1 of the present invention .

Control group 3 (feeding EL group feed)

In the control group 3, the krill oil was replaced by egg yolk lecithin in the feed; other components, preparation methods, breeding and feeding processes were all the same as in Example 1 of the present invention.

Control group 4 (feeding BB group biological bait, lugworm:squid=3:2)

Control group 4 was fed with live baits of clamworm and squid, and the rest of the breeding steps were the same as in Example 1 of the present invention.

Monitoring and detection: During the breeding experiment, detect the water environment and fecal Vibrio content; after the breeding experiment, detect the serum estradiol (E ₂ ) content and methyl farnesoid (MF) content of different feed groups; hepatopancreas antioxidant Enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase SOD, malondialdehyde MDA, glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px); observe ovarian tissue sections. Finally, the above indicators were used to evaluate the female reproductive performance of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Embodiment of the present invention and control group 1-4 culture parent shrimp result situation analysis (different letters in the figure represent significant difference (P<0.05)):

The embodiment of the present invention and the control group 1-4 were respectively fed with female Litopaeena vannamei for 28 days. As shown in Figure 1, the addition of phospholipids in the feed of the present invention can promote the accumulation of lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovaries of female individuals. As shown in Fig. 2 parent shrimp ovary tissue section, the present invention (KO group) more effectively promotes yolk in the parent shrimp ovary than control group 1 (PL0 group), control group 2 (SL group) and control group 3 (EL group). deposition of particles.

As shown in Figure 3, the gonadal index GSI of each treatment group increased from the initial 0.51% to 2.23%-4.69%, and the female shrimp supplemented with phospholipid source diet had higher GSI values than those without (control group 1) (P <0.05). At the same time, the GSI value of the present invention (KO group) was higher than that of the control group 2 (SL group) (P<0.05), while the control group 3 (EL group) was in between ( FIG. 3A ). Compared with control group 1 (PLO group), the estrogen estradiol E2 (Fig. 3B) and methyl farnesoid MF (Fig. 3C) contents in the serum of the phospholipid group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the present invention ( KO group) were higher than EL and SL groups (P<0.05).

As shown in Figure 4, compared with the PLO group, the content of malondialdehyde in the hepatopancreas of the female shrimp fed with phospholipid source feed by the present invention and the control group 2-3 was lower (P<0.05) (Figure 4B), and more than The activity of oxide dismutase SOD (Figure 4A) and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px (Figure 4C) is relatively high (P<0.05), and the antioxidant effect of the present invention is the best among three different phospholipid sources of.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, compared with the BB group fed with biological bait, the amount of Vibrio in the water environment of the present invention and the control group 1-3 was significantly lower than that of the BB group (P<0.05) (Fig. 6A), and this The amount of Vibrio in feces of invention and control group 1-3 was also significantly lower than that of group BB (P<0.05) ( FIG. 6B ). The results show that the feed of the present invention can effectively reduce the risk of broodstock shrimp being infected with pathogenic bacteria due to eating biological bait.

Therefore, krill oil is a better lipid source, which can promote the ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei when added to the feed. Simultaneously, the components and proportions in the feed of the present invention are not randomly selected or added, but need to be selectively selected and combined in certain proportions through repeated screening and proportioning experiments. The artificial compound feed of the present invention can replace feeding biological bait, and has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation, etc. It can not only make brood shrimp grow healthily, but also effectively promote the development of brood shrimp gonads and promote the development of brood shrimp Secrete reproductive hormones, enhance reproductive performance, and have broad application prospects.

The above disclosures are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and certainly cannot limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei is characterized in that it is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 300 parts of fish meal, 200 to 400 parts of casein, 50 to 100 parts of gelatin, and 100 parts of cornstarch ～200 parts, 1～20 parts of fish oil, 10～50 parts of krill oil, 1～10 parts of cholesterol, 10～50 parts of palm oil, 0.5～5 parts of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 1～10 parts of calcium lactate pentahydrate, chlorine 1-10 parts of choline, 1-10 parts of inositol, 0.1-1 part of betaine, 10-30 parts of vitamin premix, 1-20 parts of mineral premix, 2,6-di-tert-butyl 10-30 parts of base-4-methylphenol, 10-30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 40-100 parts of microcrystalline cellulose; The vitamin premix is composed of the following components by weight percentage: vitamin A acetate 0.1-1%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35%, active C 10-40%, folic acid 0.1-1%, biotin 1～5%, Riboflavin 1～5%, DLCa-pantothenic acid 1～10%, Pyridoxine 1～5%, Cylamine hydrochloride 0.1～1%, Vitamin B12 0.1～1%, Vitamin K3 1～ 5%, vitamin D ₃ 0.1~1%, DL-α-tocopherol acetic acid 5~10%, niacin 1~10%, defatted rice bran 30~50%; The mineral premix is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 1-3% of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of calcium iodate, 0.5-1% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.5-1% of manganese sulfate monohydrate , magnesium sulfate monohydrate 2-5%, cobalt chloride 0.1-1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 0.5-1%, sodium selenite 0.1-1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 10-20%, bran flour 70-80%. 2. a preparation method of the compound feed for promoting maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei ovary according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: S1. Grinding fishmeal, gelatin, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed pulverizer respectively, and sieving through a 60-80 mesh sieve for later use; S2. Melting choline chloride, inositol and betaine into 20-100mL deionized water together to obtain an ionized water mixture; S3. Add anhydrous calcium carbonate, calcium lactate pentahydrate, cholesterol, mineral premix, vitamin premix, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and gelatin to the container in order from small to large. , cornstarch, fishmeal, and casein are fully mixed to obtain a premix; S4. Add 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, fish oil, krill oil, palm oil, and ionic water mixture in sequence to the premix, and mix well; S5. Mix and stir, use a 60-80 mesh sieve to sieve, transfer the under-sieve to a strong mixer and stir thoroughly, and add 2-5mL deionized water to stir again to obtain a soft sandy mixture; S6. Transfer the mixture to a twin-screw grinder and extrude it into granules, and air-dry at room temperature to obtain a compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei. 3. The preparation method of compound feed for promoting ovary maturation of Litopenaeus vannamei according to claim 2, characterized in that: the particle diameter is 1.5-3 mm and the length is 0.2-1 cm. 4. The preparation method of the compound feed for promoting the ripening of Litopenaeus vannamei ovaries according to claim 3, characterized in that: the granules are air-dried at room temperature until the moisture content is lower than 10%, and stored at -20°C.

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