CN112616734A - Artificial breeding method of calotte pearl mussel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial breeding method of calotte pearl mussel, which comprises the following steps: breeding parent mussels, breeding host fishes, collecting leptophyta larvae, parasitizing infection, breeding infected host fishes, and breeding juvenile mussels after seedling shedding; wherein, the hamate larvae infect the host fish according to the proportion of 1000-1500 fish per fish; putting the infected host fish into a flowing water seedling raising pond for feeding; feeding the feed to breed until the larva completely falls off to obtain young mussels; and further placing the young mussels in an environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen for running water cultivation to obtain the young mussels. The method provided by the invention is beneficial to solving the problems of short supply and short demand of the calotte pearl mussel in the market and low reproduction rate of the calotte pearl mussel in nature, and simultaneously fills the gap of research on the artificial breeding method of the calotte pearl mussel. The artificial breeding technology is used for intervening in the breeding of the mussels, so that the breeding rate of the mussels can be greatly improved, and the problem that the mussels are endangered in natural water bodies is solved.

Description

Artificial breeding method of calotte pearl mussel

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of methods for breeding rare freshwater mussels, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method of calotte pearl mussels.

Background

Mussels are one of the most widely distributed and most vulnerable groups of freshwater biological groups. Mussels have a complex and unique life history, and are generally male and female variant bodies; in sexual maturity season, the male individual discharges the sperm into water, enters the gill water pipe of female individual along with rivers, and then combines with the ovum cell in the gill water pipe and forms the zygote, and finally the zygote can develop into the hook larva in the nursery sock that becomes by gill water pipe specialization, and the larva is ripe back mostly needs to parasitize on the gill of host fish and carries out metamorphosis development, then drops and becomes the young mussel and live with the benthos, eats with marine alga or plankton. The mussel meat of the globose pearl mussel has high nutritive value, is rich in substances beneficial to human bodies such as protein, fat, sugar, vitamin, calcium and the like, and is an edible mussel. In recent decades, human activities such as hydraulic engineering, over fishing, water pollution and the like seriously threaten the survival and the multiplication of the mussels and protect the mussel species from being delayed.

The freshwater mussels, namely calomelas cumingii, belong to the family Anodonta, and are widely distributed in lakes, rivers, ponds and other water bodies in China. In a natural water body, mature leptosphaeria clarkii larvae of the calomel mussels need to be parasitized on gills or fins of the fishes to complete metamorphosis development, and most of leptosphaeria clarkii larvae are not easy to die when meeting host fishes in time in the natural water body, so the research and development of the artificial breeding technology of the calomel mussels have important significance for improving the breeding rate of the mussels and protecting species resources.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve and innovate the artificial breeding technology of the calomelas globosa, fill the gap of the research on the artificial breeding technology of the calomelas globosa, and intervene in the breeding of the mussels by using the artificial breeding technology.

The invention provides an artificial breeding method of a calotte pearl mussel, which comprises the following steps:

1) and (3) parent mussel breeding: selecting mature pearl mussel parent, and culturing to the breeding period;

2) and (3) breeding a host fish: adopting one or more of yellow silver carp, crucian carp, grass carp and meal strip as host fish, and carrying out intensive culture on the host fish;

3) collecting leptomens: naturally spitting seeds of the mature pearl mussel parent cultured in the step 1) to obtain leptocylindrus clarkii larvae;

4) parasitic infection: infecting the host fish by the leptocylindrus clarkii larvae according to the proportion of 1000-1500 larvae per fish;

5) cultivating the infected host fish: putting the infected host fish into a flowing water seedling raising pond for feeding; feeding the feed to breed until the larvae completely fall off to obtain young mussels;

6) culturing young mussels after seedling shedding: and (3) placing the young mussels in an environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen, and carrying out running water cultivation to obtain the young mussels.

The host fish is preferably a silver carp or a crucian carp, and particularly the silver carp or the crucian carp with the weight of 20-30 g. The infected part of the host fish is gill.

By adopting the breeding method provided by the invention, the effect is optimal by taking the silver carp or the crucian carp as a host fish, particularly the silver carp; compared with grass carp, crucian carp, food strip and pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is mild in temperament, is not easy to be injured in the parasitic process, and meanwhile, the gill structure and nutritional ingredients in blood of the fish are easier to be attached and parasitic and metamorphosis and development of larvae, so that the seedling shedding rate of later-stage young mussels is highest; in addition, the cost of the yellow silver carp can be saved.

The parent of the pearl mussel with the dome shape can further improve the breeding effect under the environment with proper water temperature, water flow and nutrition. The water temperature, water flow and nutrition all simulate the natural growth environment of the calotte pearl mussel as much as possible.

The step 1) is specifically as follows: selecting a mature pearl mussel parent, putting the mature pearl mussel parent into a water pool with the water flow speed of 1-1.5T/h for cultivation at the temperature of 18-22 ℃, and cultivating the mature pearl mussel parent until the pearl mussel parent is bred; wherein the height of the nutrient mud at the bottom of the water pool is 1.7-2.3 cm.

The method is characterized in that the best breeding period of the calotte pearl mussels is 5-7 months per year, the calotte pearl mussels can be collected from a natural water body in advance and temporarily cultured in a living body library of a breeding base, the calotte pearl mussel parents with mature quality are selected from the living body library in 5 months and temporarily cultured in a parent mussel culture pond for internal running water culture, culture water is derived from internal circulating water, and water flow is controlled.

In order to ensure that the bottom of the water pool has about 2cm of nutrient mud, the thickness is flush with the parent of the calotte pearl mussel, and the parent cultivation is more facilitated. In order to ensure the thickness of the nutrient mud, in actual operation, 20-50 g of fertilizer water paste can be put in every other month per mu, and the nutrient mud is added every other week.

The size of the pool can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and in order to guarantee the culture effect, the depth of the pool is 0.4-0.6 m; the breeding density of the dome pearl mussel parents per square meter is preferably 200-300; more preferably, the length of the pool is about 2.5m and the width is about 2.0 m.

In the step 2), before infection, the host fish further comprises intensive cultivation, specifically: selecting a viable host fish, particularly a silver carp or a crucian carp, culturing the host fish according to the breeding density of 5-10 kg per square meter, and feeding the host fish with feed every day;

the fish can be raised in a natural pond, for example, host fish is enclosed into a rectangle by hollow meshes, the specification is 5m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1.5m, and the pore diameter of the meshes is about 1-2 cm.

Preferably, 1.5-2.5 kg of artificial compound feed is fed to each kg of silver carp or crucian every day; stopping feeding 1-1.5 days before parasitic infection;

wherein the protein content in the artificial compound feed is 20-25%, and the fat content is 2-8%; each kilogram of the artificial compound feed also comprises 1-2 g of immunopotentiator.

In the step 3), the hookworm larvae are collected in a natural seed spitting mode, and the following mode is preferably selected:

selecting high-quality parent mussels from a parent mussel culture pond, slightly opening shells by using a mouth gag for inspection, selecting the parent mussels with full and orange-red nursery sacs, cleaning the parent mussels, temporarily culturing the parent mussels in a large basin or a transparent storage box, replacing water (the water is aerated tap water) once a day before larvae are not discharged, feeding a proper amount of green algae to the parent mussels, and simultaneously oxygenating the parent mussels by using oxygenation equipment to avoid the phenomenon that the parent mussels are aborted or even dead due to oxygen deficiency; when the parent mussels begin to discharge the orange floccules, the parent mussels can be taken out and placed in another clean large basin, the large basin is placed in a shade place for drying for 1-2 hours, aerated tap water is added after the large basin is dried in the shade, the water level is preferably just over the parent mussels, and the young mussels are stimulated to be spitted for 2-3 hours.

In step 4), before parasitic infection, the maturity of leptomens is checked, and the specific operation is as follows:

after the parent mussels are dried in the shade and spit the larvae completely, sucking a small amount of the larvas of the leptocylindrus leptocylindrica by using a rubber head dropper, placing the larvas of the leptocylindrica under a microscope to observe the maturity of the larvas of the leptocylindrica, wherein all or most of the larvas of the leptocylindrica in one visual field rupture membranes, the two shells are strongly or slightly opened and closed, and the byssus is; then, the leptocystis larvae are cleaned by aerated tap water with natural water temperature and a filter screen with the aperture of 200 meshes, and the cleaned leptocystis larvae solution is used for parasitizing and breeding.

The calomel pearl mussel larva needs to be cultivated and infected at a specific temperature and enters a breeding period; especially, when the water temperature is 18-20 ℃, the infection effect of the larvae is excellent, and when the water temperature is 20 ℃, the infection effect and the subsequent seedling shedding effect are optimal.

In order to ensure the breeding effect, the invention optimizes the infection ratio of 1000-1500 fish gills per fish; to achieve this effect, the present invention preferably operates as follows:

diluting the leptosphaeria larva solution to 2-10 thousands/liter, and keeping the water temperature at about 18-20 ℃; placing the larval hamulus in a parasitic basin, and placing a proper number of silver carps or crucian carps, wherein the infection time is controlled to be 2-4 min; after infection, recording the parasitic amount on the gill of the host fish by using a microscope, wherein the parasitic amount is preferably 1000-1500 parasitic amount on each gill of the silver carp or the crucian carp; namely 20-40 kg of host fish is needed for breeding 100 ten thousand young mussels.

Wherein, in the infection period, a small oxygenation pump is used for increasing oxygen in the fry-producing basin, so as to avoid the suffocation and even death of the host fish due to oxygen deficiency.

Step 5) of the present invention specifically comprises: putting 18-22 host fishes infected per 10 square meters, and feeding the host fishes in a flowing water seedling pond with the water temperature of 18-20 ℃; feeding feed and a small amount of green algae, and culturing until larvae completely fall off to obtain young mussels;

preferably, the depth of the seedling raising pond is 0.4-0.6 m.

Preferably, a plastic film is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool, so that the seedling falling condition of the young mussels and the growth condition of the young mussels can be observed conveniently in the later period;

in the actual operation, green algae is fed to the host fish every other day, whether larvae on gills of the host fish completely fall off or not is observed every day, and the host fish is transferred to the fish pond in time after the larvae completely fall off.

In the step 6), the water flow speed of the running water cultivation is 1-1.5T/h, and the flow speed is controlled to be slow in the early stage and fast in the later stage.

Feeding soybean milk at the early stage of the young mussel cultivation, stopping feeding the soybean milk when the length of the young mussel is 0.5-1 cm, and continuously cultivating by adopting nutrient mud to obtain the young mussel;

preferably, the nutrient mud is mixed with a small amount of silt.

In the actual operation, after the young mussels are taxed, the water is stopped for half an hour every morning in the previous month to feed a proper amount of soybean milk, the growth conditions of the young mussels are observed every 7 days, and the growth parameters of the young mussels are measured and recorded; adding a proper amount of silt into the culture pond every 7 days in the later period, wherein the silt depth is preferably just full of the young mussels, and harmful organisms such as silt, moss or red line worms and the like in the culture pond are removed in time in the later period, so that the young mussels are prevented from being anoxic or being swallowed by other harmful organisms; the whole cultivation process adopts running water cultivation, keeps the water fresh and the dissolved oxygen sufficient, and provides a good growth environment for the young mussels.

The invention further provides a method for cultivating young mussels, which comprises the following steps: and (5) hanging and cultivating the young mussels on the natural water surface.

Wherein, the natural water surface hoisting specifically comprises: the method comprises the steps of adopting a basket with the length of 4.5-5.5 m, the width of 2.5-3.5 m and the height of 0.4-0.6 m, paving a filter screen with the aperture of 0.4-0.5 cm in the basket, paving nutrient mud with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the basket, putting 1500-fold juvenile mussels in each basket, and then putting the juvenile mussels into a natural water surface with the depth of 20-30 cm for cultivation.

The invention provides an optimization scheme, and provides an artificial breeding method of a calotte pearl mussel, which comprises the following steps:

1) and (3) parent mussel breeding: selecting a mature calomel parent for breeding, and breeding the calomel parent to enter a breeding period;

2) and (3) breeding a host fish: selecting a silver carp or a crucian carp with the weight of 20-30g as a host fish, and carrying out intensive culture on the host fish;

3) collecting leptomens: naturally spitting seeds of the mature pearl mussel parent cultured in the step 1) to obtain leptocylindrus clarkii larvae;

4) parasitic infection: infecting the host fish with the leptocylindrus clarkii larvae at a ratio of 1000-1500 per fish at the water temperature of 18-20 ℃;

5) cultivating the infected host fish: putting 18-22 host fishes infected per 10 square meters, and feeding the host fishes in a flowing water seedling pond with the water temperature of 18-20 ℃; feeding feed and a small amount of green algae, and culturing until larvae completely fall off to obtain young mussels; the depth of the seedling raising pond is 0.4-0.6 m;

6) culturing young mussels after seedling shedding: placing young mussels in an environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen for running water cultivation, wherein the running water cultivation speed is 1-1.5T/h, and the flow speed is controlled to be slow in the early stage and fast in the later stage; feeding soybean milk at the early stage of the young mussels, stopping feeding the soybean milk when the length of the young mussels is 0.5-1 cm, and then continuously culturing by adopting nutrient mud to obtain young mussels;

wherein, a small amount of silt is mixed in the nutrient mud.

The artificial breeding method of the calotte pearl mussel provided by the invention is beneficial to solving the problems of short supply and short demand of the calotte pearl mussel in the market and low breeding rate of the calotte pearl mussel in nature, and simultaneously fills the gap of research on the artificial breeding method of the calotte pearl mussel. The artificial breeding technology is used for intervening in the breeding of the mussels, so that the breeding rate of the mussels can be greatly improved, and the problem that the mussels are endangered in natural water bodies is solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a microscope image of mature Lepidium caninum larvae;

FIG. 2 is a filter screen with 200 mesh aperture;

FIG. 3 is a young clam which has just taken off the seedling;

FIG. 4 is a circular net of apertures 20;

FIG. 5 shows the young mussels of 2-3 cm.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

An artificial breeding method of a calotte pearl mussel comprises the following steps:

1) and (3) parent mussel breeding: selecting mature pearl mussel parents, and putting the parents into a water pool with the water flow speed of 1-1.5T/h for cultivation at the temperature of 18-22 ℃, wherein the height of the nutrient mud at the bottom of the water pool is 1.7-2.3 cm;

wherein the breeding density of the dome pearl mussel parents per square meter is 200-300; the depth of the water pool is 0.4-0.6 m;

2) and (3) breeding a host fish: selecting a silver carp or a crucian carp with the weight of 20-30g as a host fish, and carrying out intensive cultivation;

3) collecting leptomens: naturally spitting seeds of the mature pearl mussel parent cultured in the step 1) to obtain leptocylindrus clarkii larvae;

4) parasitic infection: infecting the host fish by the leptocylindrus formosanus larvae according to the proportion of 1000-1500 leptocylindrus larvae per fish at the water temperature of 18-20 ℃, wherein the relationship between the infection time and the concentration of the leptocylindrus formosanus larvae is shown in a table 1;

TABLE 1 relationship of infection time at 20 ℃ to Carrageenan larva concentration

Larval concentration of Hoodia (thousands/L)	Time of infection (min)
		2-4	3-4
4-6	2-3
		6-8	1-2
8-10	0.5-1

5) Cultivating the infected host fish: putting 18-22 host fishes infected per 10 square meters, and feeding the host fishes in a flowing water seedling pond with the water temperature of 18-20 ℃; feeding feed and a small amount of green algae, and culturing until larvae completely fall off to obtain young mussels; the depth of the seedling raising pond is 0.4-0.6 m;

6) culturing young mussels after seedling shedding: placing young mussels in an environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen for running water cultivation, wherein the running water cultivation speed is 1-1.5T/h, and the flow speed is controlled to be slow in the early stage and fast in the later stage; feeding soybean milk at the early stage of the young mussels, stopping feeding the soybean milk when the length of the young mussels is 0.5-1 cm, and then continuously culturing by adopting nutrient mud to obtain young mussels;

wherein, a small amount of silt is mixed in the nutrient mud.

7) Cultivating young mussels: the method adopts a natural water surface hanging culture mode, and specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of adopting a basket with the length of 4.5-5.5 m, the width of 2.5-3.5 m and the height of 0.4-0.6 m, paving a filter screen with the aperture of 0.4-0.5 cm in the basket, paving nutrient mud with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the basket, putting 1500-fold juvenile mussels in each basket, and then putting the juvenile mussels into a natural water surface with the depth of 20-30 cm for cultivation.

In the following embodiment, the cultivation of infected host fish and the subsequent cultivation (including young mussels) are carried out in a cultivation pool, and the whole system comprises a water storage pool, a sedimentation pool and a cultivation pool, wherein the specification of the water storage pool is 50m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2m, the specification of the cultivation pool is 5m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.5m, and the specification of the sedimentation pool is 100m multiplied by 20m multiplied by 2.5 m; the height relation of the pool is water storage pool, cultivating pool and sedimentation pool, and water in the sedimentation pool is pumped by a water pump and is filled into the water storage pool.

The cultivation pond is a small soil pond formed by fixing the side surface of a rectangular soil pit by red bricks, and a plastic film is paved on the surface of the small soil pond; the cultivation pool is built in a greenhouse with a sunshade net.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an artificial breeding method of a calotte pearl mussel, which comprises the following steps:

breeding of parent mussels

35 parent clams with full and mature baby clams are screened from a parent clam culture pond of a company breeding base in 5-15 months in 2020 for breeding in a first batch, other adult clams are continuously placed in the culture pond for internal running water culture, culture water is sourced from a natural water reservoir of the breeding base, and the water flow speed is controlled to be 1-1.5T/h; 20 ~ 50g fertilizer water cream/mu are put into to cultivating the pond every month, add nutrition mud and clear away wild mussel and weeds every other a week, guarantee that the pond bottom has about 2 cm's nutrition mud, just in time with the flush of parent mussel good, the specification of cultivating the pond is: the length is 2.5m, the width is 2.0m, the depth is 0.5m, and 1000-1500 parent clams are put in each culture pond for subsequent breeding.

Second, nutrient enrichment culture of host fish

Selecting healthy and alive silver carps with the weight of 20-30g as host fishes, using hollowed meshes to surround the host fishes in a natural pond to breed the host fishes in a rectangular shape in advance two weeks, wherein the size of the host fishes is 5m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1.5m, the pore diameter of the meshes is about 1-2 cm, and culturing 20-40 kg of host fishes together in an intensified manner.

During the reinforced cultivation period, the mixture is fed with bile acid, a liver and gallbladder protecting medicine, and an immunopotentiator such as multivitamin, and the like, and the feed is mainly an artificial mixed feed with 20-25% of protein content and 2-8% of fat content; 1kg of feed is mixed with 1-2 g of immunopotentiator, 2 kg of artificial mixed feed is fed to each kg of silver carp, and the feed is stopped for 1 day before the silver carp is caught.

Thirdly, collecting leptomens larvae

Cleaning 35 selected parent mussels, then orderly placing the parent mussels in a large basin with the bottom diameter of 70cm and the depth of 30cm for water purification cultivation, preferably, the parent mussels are just fully filled with water, changing water and feeding green algae every day, and meanwhile, oxygenating by using an oxygenation pump; the method comprises the following steps of (1) probably culturing parent mussels for 2-3 days, discharging hooked clam larvae, transferring the parent mussels to an empty large basin with the same specification for drying in the shade for 1-2 hours, adding aerated tap water, preferably just filling the parent mussels, almost emptying the baby rearing sacs of the parent mussels after 1-3 hours, observing the maturity of the hooked clam larvae with a microscope, wherein the maturity is more than 90%, and then carrying out parasitization on the hooked clam larvae, namely the mature hooked clam larvae shown in figure 1.

Fourth, parasitic infection

Firstly, removing parent mussels from a large basin, putting the parent mussels back to a living body storehouse for continuous cultivation, controlling the water temperature at 20 ℃, then slightly stirring a hookworm solution by using a stirrer, filtering by using a filter screen with the aperture of 200 meshes to remove mucus in the worm solution, repeatedly filtering for 2-3 times, averagely dividing the concentrated worm solution into 10 parasitic basins, then adding water to dilute the concentrated worm solution to 2-3 thousands per liter, wherein the volume of the solution is about 50L; 200 healthy and alive silver carps of 20-30g are placed in each large basin and are parasitized for 3-4 min, then host fishes are fished out and put into a soil pond with a plastic film laid at the bottom for feeding, the parasitization amount of the gills of the silver carps counted by a microscope is about 1200, the parasitization amount of each gill of the host fishes is preferably 1000-1500, and a filter screen with 200-mesh aperture is shown in figure 2.

Fifth, cultivation of host fish after infection

About 1150 silver carps are used for parasitizing the silver carps, infected host fishes need to be transferred to breeding ponds in time for running water breeding, about 20 host fishes are thrown into each breeding pond, a small amount of green algae are thrown every day, and the physique of the host fishes is enhanced; according to the method, the effective accumulated temperature of metamorphosis development of the calomel clam is about 280 ℃, the average water temperature is controlled to be 20 ℃, the larval seedling shedding condition on the fish gill is observed about 14 days after parasitization, the young clam shedding time is mastered timely, and the host fish is fished out in time. 86 host fishes die in the breeding period, and about 50 thousands of young mussels with successful metamorphosis development are harvested together.

Sixth, cultivation of young mussels after seedling shedding

The fallen young mussels are cultured by flowing water, the flowing water speed is controlled to be 1-1.5T/h, the flowing water quantity is slow at the early stage and fast at the later stage, the water quality is kept fresh, and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient; stopping water for 30 minutes every morning in the previous month to feed 10L of soybean milk for young mussels, stopping feeding the soybean milk when the young mussels grow to 0.5-1 cm, adding nutrient mud (mixed with a small amount of silt) every other week, removing red worms, weeds, silt and the like at the bottom of the pond by using a self-made circular net with the aperture of 20 meshes before adding the nutrient mud, slightly dragging a water body by using wooden rakes after stopping adding the nutrient mud, uniformly distributing the young mussels, and opening a water inlet valve when the nutrient mud sinks to the bottom of the pond, wherein the young mussels just dislocated are shown in fig. 3, and the circular net with the aperture of 20 meshes is shown in fig. 4.

Cultivation of young septentriona septentrionalis

Taking out about 50 ten thousand young mussels, and adopting a water surface hanging culture mode: after 3-4 months of running water growth, the body length of the dome pearl mussel reaches 2-3cm, and the dome pearl mussel can enter the natural water surface for hanging cultivation. The method for cultivating the young mussels adopts a square basket hanging cultivation mode, the specification of the basket is 5m multiplied by 3m multiplied by 0.5m, a layer of ethylene net sheet is laid inside the basket, and a layer of nutrient mud with the thickness of 2.5cm is laid at the bottom of the basket; two ends are pulled by ropes, the floater and the basket are hung, the depth is 20-30 cm, shallow water culture is carried out, 1500-2000 clam shells can be placed in each basket.

In order to adjust the water quality, the quicklime is poured and sprayed once every three months, the dosage of each mu is 30-50 kg, and the harm of pests in the water body to young mussels is reduced, as shown in figure 5, young mussels of 2-3cm are cultivated.

Example 2

The embodiment provides an artificial breeding method of calomelas cumingii, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that a host fish is replaced by a crucian carp from a silver carp, and the artificial breeding method specifically comprises the following steps:

in the second step: selecting healthy and alive crucian with the weight of 20-30g as a host fish,

in the fourth step: the parasitic amount on the gill of each host fish is preferably 1000-1500;

in the fifth step: about 1200 host fishes for parasitism are required, infected host fishes need to be transferred to breeding ponds in time for running water breeding, about 20 host fishes are put in each breeding pond, a small amount of green algae are fed every day, and the physique of the host fishes is enhanced; according to the fact that the effective accumulated temperature of metamorphosis development of the calomel clam is about 200 ℃, the average water temperature is 18 ℃, the seedling falling condition of the young clam on the fish gill is observed about 10 days after the parasitization, the falling time of the young clam is mastered timely, and the host fish is fished out in time. 26 host fishes die during the breeding period, and about 45 thousands of young mussels with successful metamorphosis development are harvested together. .

Examples 3 to 4

The embodiment provides an artificial breeding method of a globefish, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that a host fish is replaced by a grass carp or a dining fish from a silver carp.

Examples 5 to 6

The present example provides an artificial breeding method of a globose pearl mussel, which is different from example 1 (the host fish is silver carp) only in that "water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃" in the fourth parasitic infection step, and is replaced by "water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃ and" water temperature is controlled at 19 ℃.

Examples 7 to 8

This example provides an artificial breeding method of calotte pearl mussel, which is different from example 2 (the host fish is crucian) only in that "water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃" in the step four, "parasitic infection" is replaced by "water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃ and" water temperature is controlled at 19 ℃ ".

Examples 9 to 10

This example provides an artificial breeding method of pearl mussel, which is different from example 3 (the host fish is grass carp) only in that "water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃" in the step four, "parasitic infection" is replaced by "water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃" and "water temperature is controlled at 19 ℃".

Examples 11 to 12

This example provides an artificial breeding method of pearl mussel, which is different from example 4 (the host fish is the dinning fish) only in that "water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃" in the step four, "parasitic infection" is replaced by "water temperature is controlled at 18 ℃" and "water temperature is controlled at 19 ℃".

Comparative example 1

The comparison example provides an artificial breeding method of the calotte pearl mussel, and the difference from the example 1 is that the host fish is replaced by the pelteobagrus fulvidraco from the 'silver carp'.

Comparative examples 2 to 3

The comparison example provides an artificial breeding method of the calotte pearl mussel, which is only different from the comparison example 1 (the host fish is the pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in that the water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ in the parasitic infection in the step four, and the steps are replaced by controlling the water temperature at 18 ℃ and controlling the water temperature at 19 ℃.

Experimental example 1

After the different host fishes of the embodiments 1-4 and the comparative example are infected, the parasitic effect and the fry shedding rate are compared, and the parasitic effect is compared as shown in the following table;

TABLE 2 comparison of the parasitic effects of five species of fish at the same hookworm larvae concentration

Fish species	Larval concentration of Hoodia (thousands/L)	Average parasitic amount (only/strip)	Rate of seedling emergence
				Silver carp	2-3	1260	95％
Crucian carp	2-3	1050	90％
				Grass carp	2-3	825	60％
Dining fish	2-3	360	55％
				Yellow catfish	2-3	450	5％

From the above table, the silver carp has the best parasitic effect, and the crucian carp has the second best parasitic effect; the parasitic effect of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco on the round-top pearl mussel is poor; therefore, the method for artificially breeding the calomelas globosa provided by the invention has excellent host effect of taking the silver carp and the crucian carp as host fish, especially the silver carp.

Experimental example 2

After breeding periods of the dome pearl mussel parents cultured in the examples 1-10 and the comparative examples 1-3 at different water temperatures, parasitic effects of different parasitic fishes after 2min infection are compared under the same conditions, and the results are shown in the following table:

the parasitic effect and the seedling shedding rate are compared, and the parasitic effect is shown in the following table;

TABLE 3 comparison of parasitic effects of different parasitic fishes after 2min of infection at three different water temperatures

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. An artificial breeding method of a calotte pearl mussel is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) and (3) parent mussel breeding: selecting mature pearl mussel parent, and culturing to the breeding period;

2) and (3) breeding a host fish: adopting one or more of yellow silver carp, crucian carp, grass carp and meal strip as host fish, and carrying out intensive culture on the host fish;

3) collecting leptomens: naturally spitting seeds of the mature pearl mussel parent cultured in the step 1) to obtain leptocylindrus clarkii larvae;

4) parasitic infection: infecting the host fish by the leptocylindrus clarkii larvae according to the proportion of 1000-1500 larvae per fish;

5) cultivating the infected host fish: putting the infected host fish into a flowing water seedling raising pond for feeding; feeding the feed to breed until the larva completely falls off to obtain young mussels;

6) culturing young mussels after seedling shedding: and (3) placing the young mussels in an environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen, and carrying out running water cultivation to obtain the young mussels.

2. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the host fish is a silver carp or a crucian carp, and the infected part is gill;

preferably, the weight of the silver carp or the crucian carp is 20-30 g.

3. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that mature pearl mussel parents are selected and put into a water pool with the water flow rate of 1-1.5T/h for cultivation under the condition that the water temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the pearl mussel parents are cultivated until entering the breeding period; wherein the height of the nutrient mud at the bottom of the water pool is 1.7-2.3 cm;

preferably, the breeding density of the dome pearl mussel parents per square meter is 200-300;

more preferably, the depth of the water pool is 0.4-0.6 m.

4. The artificial breeding method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the intensive cultivation specifically comprises: selecting viable host fish, culturing at a density of 5-10 kg per square meter, and feeding with feed every day;

preferably, 1.5-2.5 kg of artificial compound feed is fed to each kg of host fish every day; stopping feeding 1-1.5 days before parasitic infection;

wherein the protein content in the artificial compound feed is 20-25%, and the fat content is 2-8%; each kilogram of the artificial compound feed also comprises 1-2 g of immunopotentiator.

5. The artificial breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step 4), the water temperature in the parasitic infection process is controlled at 18-20 ℃;

preferably, the water temperature is 20 ℃.

6. The artificial breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step 5) is specifically: putting 18-22 host fishes infected per 10 square meters, and feeding the host fishes in a flowing water seedling pond with the water temperature of 18-20 ℃; feeding feed and a small amount of green algae, and culturing until larvae completely fall off to obtain young mussels;

preferably, the depth of the seedling raising pond is 0.4-0.6 m.

7. The artificial breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step 6), the water flow speed of the running water cultivation is 1-1.5T/h, and the flow speed is controlled to be slow at the early stage and fast at the later stage.

8. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein soybean milk is fed in the early stage of the young mussel cultivation, when the length of the young mussel is 0.5-1 cm, the soybean milk feeding is stopped, and then the young mussel is continuously cultivated by adopting nutrient mud to obtain the young mussel;

preferably, the nutrient mud is mixed with a small amount of silt.

9. The artificial breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the step of breeding young mussels obtained in step 6), specifically: hanging and cultivating the young mussels on a natural water surface;

preferably, the natural water surface hanging culture is specifically as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting a basket with the length of 4.5-5.5 m, the width of 2.5-3.5 m and the height of 0.4-0.6, paving a filter screen with the aperture of 0.4-0.5 in the basket, paving nutrient mud with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the basket, putting 1500-fold juvenile mussels into each basket, and then putting the juvenile mussels into the natural water surface with the depth of 20-30 cm for cultivation.

10. An artificial breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

1) and (3) parent mussel breeding: selecting a mature pearl mussel parent for breeding; breeding the calomel parent into a breeding period;

2) and (3) breeding a host fish: selecting a silver carp or a crucian carp with the weight of 20-30g as a host fish, and carrying out intensive culture on the host fish;

3) collecting leptomens: naturally spitting seeds of the mature pearl mussel parent cultured in the step 1) to obtain leptocylindrus clarkii larvae;

4) parasitic infection: infecting the host fish with the leptocylindrus clarkii larvae at a ratio of 1000-1500 per fish at the water temperature of 18-20 ℃;

5) cultivating the infected host fish: putting 18-22 host fishes infected per 10 square meters, and feeding the host fishes in a flowing water seedling pond with the water temperature of 18-20 ℃; feeding feed and a small amount of green algae, and culturing until larvae completely fall off to obtain young mussels;

wherein the depth of the seedling raising pond is 0.4-0.6 m;

6) culturing young mussels after seedling shedding: placing young mussels in an environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen for running water cultivation, wherein the running water cultivation speed is 1-1.5T/h, and the flow speed is controlled to be slow in the early stage and fast in the later stage; feeding soybean milk at the early stage of the young mussels, stopping feeding the soybean milk when the length of the young mussels is 0.5-1 cm, and then continuously culturing by adopting nutrient mud to obtain young mussels;

wherein, a small amount of silt is mixed in the nutrient mud.

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