CN112604002A - 二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药及其自组装纳米粒 - Google Patents
二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药及其自组装纳米粒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明设计并合成了一系列还原敏感的二硫键桥连的多西他赛‑脂肪酸前药,这一系列的前药均能通过一步纳沉淀法自组装成纳米递药系统。该纳米递药系统具备以下几种优势:将多西他赛制备成二硫键连接的前药,降低了多西他赛母药的系统毒性,并且能够在肿瘤细胞内的高还原环境下特异性释放母药,实现增效减毒的效果;载药量高,且避免了毒性较大的增溶剂的使用,有望提高患者的耐受性和依从性;通过一步纳米沉淀法制备,制备工艺简单,易于规模化生产;纳米粒粒径小且均匀,易于通过EPR效应富集于肿瘤部位;易于表面修饰,可以通过PEG等修饰以减慢网状内皮系统的清除。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂新辅料和新剂型领域,涉及二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药及其自组装纳米粒的构建,以及其在药物递送中的应用。
背景技术
时至今日,癌症仍然是致死率居高不下的疾病之一,严重威胁人类健康。常见的癌症治疗方案主要包括手术切除、化学疗法、放射疗法和生物治疗。其中,手术切除对于早期肿瘤疗效显著,但是对于晚期或者发生转移的肿瘤,化学疗法则具有明显的优势。紫杉烷类化疗药物是一类作用于微管的抗肿瘤药物,能促使微管蛋白迅速聚集成微管,并结合到微管上抑制微管的解聚,从而使细胞有丝分裂终止,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,代表药物为紫杉醇(Paclitaxel,PTX)和多西他赛(Docetaxel,DTX)。研究证明DTX无论单药或联合用药,在肿瘤的化疗治疗中都显示出突出疗效。目前应用于临床的DTX注射剂泰素帝(Taxotere)具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,主要应用于晚期或转移性乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌的治疗,但易产生过敏反应及溶血等系统毒性,严重影响其临床应用。
近年来,前药策略和纳米技术被广泛用来降低紫杉烷类药物的系统毒性及提高成药性。其中,紫杉醇的纳米制剂包括紫杉醇脂质体、紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒等已经被应用于癌症的临床治疗;紫杉醇-二十二碳六烯酸前药也曾进行到临床III期研究,但是基于多西他赛的纳米剂型还没有临床应用。目前,基于肿瘤微环境刺激响应型药物递送系统成为抗肿瘤领域研究的热点。与正常细胞相比,肿瘤细胞内存在更高浓度的谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH),这种特殊的肿瘤细胞内还原微环境已广泛用于实现肿瘤部位的特异性释药。研究发现二硫键具有还原敏感性,能够在GSH存在的条件下快速断裂,因此将二硫键插入到前药的设计中有望能够实现肿瘤特异性释药。
发明内容
基于此,我们结合前药策略设计并合成了一系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,将多西他赛分别与多种脂肪酸通过还原敏感的二硫键连接,在正常的生理环境下能够稳定存在,而在肿瘤细胞内异常高还原环境下快速断裂,从而实现肿瘤细胞内特异性释放母药。我们进一步将所合成的一系列前药通过一步纳米沉淀法制备成前药自组装纳米粒。所制备的前药自组装纳米粒具有载药量高(>50%)、粒径较小且均匀、稳定性良好、能够在还原环境中快速释放母药等优势,具有极佳的临床转化前景。
本发明的目的是设计并合成一系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,并将其分别制备成前药自组装纳米粒,考察不同的脂肪酸侧链对于前药性质的影响。为开发肿瘤微环境刺激响应型药物递送系统提供新的策略,满足临床中对多西他赛制剂增效减毒的要求。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现上述目的:
本发明提供一系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,所述的脂肪酸为硬脂酸、油酸、反油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、珠光脂酸、花生酸、山俞酸、(E)-11-二十烯酸、芥酸、神经酸。
本发明所述的一系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药包括:(a)二硫键桥连的多西他赛-硬脂酸前药(n=17)、(b)二硫键桥连的多西他赛-油酸前药(n=7)、(c)二硫键桥连的多西他赛-反油酸前药、(d)二硫键桥连的多西他赛-亚油酸前药、(e)二硫键桥连的多西他赛-α-亚麻酸前药、(f)二硫键桥连的多西他赛-二十二碳六烯酸前药,其结构如下:
本发明提供的系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸小分子前药合成方法,包括如下步骤:
脂肪酸在对甲苯磺酸的催化下,与乙二醇反应,得到脂肪酸-乙二醇酯,脂肪酸-乙二醇酯在HOBt、EDCI和DMAP的催化下,与2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐发生开环酯化反应得中间产物,中间产物在HOBt和EDCI的催化下,与多西他赛发生酯化反应,分离纯化即得,反应全程都在N2保护下进行。乙二醇也可以用乙二胺替代。
本发明提供的系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸小分子前药自组装纳米粒的制备方法如下:
将一定量的小分子前药溶解到适量乙醇溶液中,在磁力搅拌器的搅拌下,将该乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到去离子水中,前药可以自发地组装成粒径均匀的纳米粒。
所述的小分子前药纳米粒可以为非PEG化的小分子前药纳米粒、PEG修饰的小分子前药纳米粒。
(1)非PEG化的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的制备方法:将一定量的小分子前药溶解到适量乙醇溶液中,在磁力搅拌器的搅拌下,将该乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到去离子水中,前药可以自发地组装成粒径均匀的纳米粒,采用减压旋转蒸发法除去制剂中的乙醇,得到不含乙醇的纳米粒。
(2)PEG化的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的制备方法:将一定量的小分子前药和DSPE-PEG2000溶解到适量乙醇溶液中,在磁力搅拌器的搅拌下,将该乙醇溶液缓慢滴加到去离子水中,前药可以自发地组装成粒径均匀的纳米粒,采用减压旋转蒸发法除去制剂中的乙醇,得到不含乙醇的PEG化的纳米粒。
本发明的系列二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米递药系统具备以下几种优势:(1)将多西他赛制备成二硫键连接的前药,降低了多西他赛母药的系统毒性,并且能够实现在肿瘤细胞内的高还原环境下特异性释放母药,实现增效减毒的效果;(2)载药量高,且避免了毒性较大的增溶剂的使用,有望提高患者的耐受性和依从性;(3)通过一步纳米沉淀法制备,制备工艺简单,易于制剂的规模化生产;(4)纳米粒粒径小且均匀,易于通过EPR效应富集于肿瘤部位;(5)易于表面修饰,可以通过PEG等修饰以减慢网状内皮系统的清除。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中二硫键桥连的多西他赛-硬脂酸前药(DTX-S-S-SA)的高分辨质谱图
图2为实施例2中二硫键桥连的多西他赛-油酸前药(DTX-S-S-OA)的高分辨质谱图
图3为实施例3中二硫键桥连的多西他赛-反油酸前药(DTX-S-S-EA)的高分辨质谱图
图4为实施例4中二硫键桥连的多西他赛-亚油酸前药(DTX-S-S-LA)的高分辨质谱图
图5为实施例5中二硫键桥连的多西他赛-亚麻酸前药(DTX-S-S-LNA)的高分辨质谱图
图6为实施例6中二硫键桥连的多西他赛-二十二碳六烯酸前药(DTX-S-S-DHA)的高分辨质谱图
图7为实施例8中PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒透射电子显微镜镜图
图8为实施例9中PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的粒径-存储时间图
图9为实施例10中PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒体外释放试验图。
图10为本发明实施例11的PEG修饰的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒的细胞毒性图。
图11为本发明实施例12的PEG修饰的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒的血药浓度-时间曲线图。
图12为本发明实施例13的PEG修饰的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒的在体抗肿瘤实验图
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1:二硫键桥连的多西他赛-硬脂酸前药(DTX-S-S-SA)的合成
量取过量的乙二醇置于50mL三颈瓶中,向三颈瓶中加入适量对甲苯磺酸,球形冷凝管回流,N2保护,加热到110℃,将甲苯溶解的硬脂酸溶液通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴注到反应瓶中,反应2h。反应结束后,静置分层,用甲苯萃取三遍,合并甲苯层,然后用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,分离纯化得到硬脂酸-2-羟乙基酯。将2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐用CH2Cl2溶解并转移到100mL茄形瓶中,加入HOBt、EDCI和硬脂酸-2-羟乙基酯,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌30min,然后转移至室温反应12小时,TLC监测反应完全,蒸干,稀盐酸酸化,CH2Cl2萃取至水层TLC无产物点,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,得到中间产物(2-氧代-2-(2-硬脂酰氧基-乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸。将(2-氧代-2-(2-硬脂酰氧基)乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸、EDCI、HOBt和多西他赛溶于CH2Cl2然后置于100mL茄形瓶中,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌1小时,然后转移至25℃反应48小时,TLC监测反应完全,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,纯化得白色固体。
采用高分辨质谱来确定实施例1中的前药结构,选用的溶剂为乙腈,结果如图1所示,分子式为C67H95NO19S2,m/z:1281.6。
实施例2:二硫键桥连的多西他赛-油酸前药(DTX-S-S-OA)的合成
量取过量的乙二醇置于50mL三颈瓶中,向三颈瓶中加入适量对甲苯磺酸,球形冷凝管回流,N2保护,加热到110℃,将甲苯溶解的油酸溶液通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴注到反应瓶中,反应2h,TLC监测反应完全。反应结束后,静置分层,用甲苯萃取至乙二醇层TLC无产物点,合并甲苯层,然后用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,分离纯化得到油酸-2-羟乙基酯。将2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐用CH2Cl2溶解并转移到100mL茄形瓶中,加入HOBt、EDCI和油酸-2-羟乙基酯,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌30min,然后转移至室温反应12小时,TLC监测反应完全,蒸干,稀盐酸酸化,CH2Cl2萃取至水层TLC无产物点,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,得到中间产物(2-氧代-2-(2-油酰氧基-乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸。将(2-氧代-2-(2-油酰氧基)乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸、EDCI、HOBt和多西他赛溶于CH2Cl2然后置于100mL茄形瓶中,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌1小时,然后转移至25℃反应48小时,TLC监测反应完全,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,纯化得白色固体。
采用高分辨质谱来确定实施例2中的前药结构,选用的溶剂为乙腈,结果如图2所示,分子式为C67H93NO19S2,m/z:1279.6。
实施例3:二硫键桥连的多西他赛-反油酸前药(DTX-S-S-EA)的合成
量取过量的乙二醇置于50mL三颈瓶中,向三颈瓶中加入适量对甲苯磺酸,球形冷凝管回流,N2保护,加热到110℃,将甲苯溶解的反油酸溶液通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴注到反应瓶中,反应2h,TLC监测反应完全。反应结束后,静置分层,用甲苯萃取至乙二醇层TLC无产物点,合并甲苯层,然后用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,分离纯化得到反油酸-2-羟乙基酯。将2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐用CH2Cl2溶解并转移到100mL茄形瓶中,加入HOBt、EDCI和反油酸-2-羟乙基酯,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌30min,然后转移至室温反应12小时,TLC监测反应完全,蒸干,稀盐酸酸化,CH2Cl2萃取至水层TLC无产物点,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,得到中间产物(2-氧代-2-(2-反油酰氧基-乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸。将(2-氧代-2-(2-反油酰氧基)乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸、EDCI、HOBt和多西他赛溶于CH2Cl2然后置于100mL茄形瓶中,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌1小时,然后转移至25℃反应48小时,TLC监测反应完全,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,纯化得白色固体。
采用高分辨质谱来确定实施例3中的前药结构,选用的溶剂为乙腈,结果如图3所示,分子式为C67H93NO19S2,m/z:1279.6。
实施例4:二硫键桥连的多西他赛-亚油酸前药(DTX-S-S-LA)的合成
量取过量的乙二醇置于50mL三颈瓶中,向三颈瓶中加入适量对甲苯磺酸,球形冷凝管回流,N2保护,加热到110℃,将甲苯溶解的亚油酸溶液通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴注到反应瓶中,反应2h,TLC监测反应完全。反应结束后,静置分层,用甲苯萃取至乙二醇层TLC无产物点,合并甲苯层,然后用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,分离纯化得到亚油酸-2-羟乙基酯。将2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐用CH2Cl2溶解并转移到100mL茄形瓶中,加入HOBt、EDCI和亚油酸-2-羟乙基酯,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌30min,然后转移至室温反应12小时,TLC监测反应完全,蒸干,稀盐酸酸化,CH2Cl2萃取至水层TLC无产物点,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,得到中间产物(2-氧代-2-(2-亚油酰氧基-乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸。将(2-氧代-2-(2-亚油酰氧基)乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸、EDCI、HOBt和多西他赛溶于CH2Cl2然后置于100mL茄形瓶中,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌1小时,然后转移至25℃反应48小时,TLC监测反应完全,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,纯化得白色固体。
采用高分辨质谱来确定实施例4中的前药结构,选用的溶剂为乙腈,结果如图4所示,分子式为C67H91NO19S2,m/z:1277.6。
实施例5:二硫键桥连的多西他赛-α-亚麻酸前药(DTX-S-S-LNA)的合成
量取过量的乙二醇置于50mL三颈瓶中,向三颈瓶中加入适量对甲苯磺酸,球形冷凝管回流,N2保护,加热到110℃,将甲苯溶解的α-亚麻酸溶液通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴注到反应瓶中,反应2h,TLC监测反应完全。反应结束后,静置分层,用甲苯萃取至乙二醇层TLC无产物点,合并甲苯层,然后用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,分离纯化得到α-亚麻酸-2-羟乙基酯。将2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐用CH2Cl2溶解并转移到100mL茄形瓶中,加入HOBt、EDCI和α-亚麻酸-2-羟乙基酯,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌30min,然后转移至室温反应12小时,TLC监测反应完全,蒸干,稀盐酸酸化,CH2Cl2萃取至水层TLC无产物点,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,得到中间产物(2-氧代-2-(2-α-亚麻酰氧基-乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸。将(2-氧代-2-(2-α-亚麻酰氧基)乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸、EDCI、HOBt和多西他赛溶于CH2Cl2然后置于100mL茄形瓶中,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌1小时,然后转移至25℃反应48小时,TLC监测反应完全,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,纯化得白色固体。
采用高分辨质谱来确定实施例5中的前药结构,选用的溶剂为乙腈,结果如图5所示,分子式为C67H89NO19S2,m/z:1277.6。
实施例6:二硫键桥连的多西他赛-二十二碳六烯酸前药(DTX-S-S-DHA)的合成
量取过量的乙二醇置于50mL三颈瓶中,向三颈瓶中加入适量对甲苯磺酸,球形冷凝管回流,N2保护,加热到110℃,将甲苯溶解的二十二碳六烯酸溶液通过恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴注到反应瓶中,反应2h,TLC监测反应完全。反应结束后,静置分层,用甲苯萃取至乙二醇层TLC无产物点,合并甲苯层,然后用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至中性,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,分离纯化得到二十二碳六烯酸-2-羟乙基酯。将2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐用CH2Cl2溶解并转移到100mL茄形瓶中,加入HOBt、EDCI和二十二碳六烯酸-2-羟乙基酯,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌30min,然后转移至室温反应12小时,TLC监测反应完全,蒸干,稀盐酸酸化,CH2Cl2萃取至水层TLC无产物点,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,得到中间产物(2-氧代-2-(2-二十二碳六烯酰氧基-乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸。将(2-氧代-2-(2-二十二碳六烯酰氧基)乙氧基)乙二硫基)乙酸、EDCI、HOBt和多西他赛溶于CH2Cl2然后置于100mL茄形瓶中,N2保护条件降温到0℃下,缓慢滴加CH2Cl2溶解的DMAP,搅拌1小时,然后转移至25℃反应48小时,TLC监测反应完全,饱和NaCl溶液洗CH2Cl2层三次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,蒸干,纯化得白色固体。
采用高分辨质谱来确定实施例6中的前药结构,选用的溶剂为乙腈,结果如图6所示,分子式为C71H91NO19S2,m/z:1325.6。
实施例7:非PEG化小分子前药自组装纳米粒的制备
精密称取前药8mg,用1mL乙醇将其溶解,搅拌下,将该乙醇溶液缓缓滴加到4ml去离子水中,自发形成均匀的纳米粒(DTX-S-S-SA纳米粒,DTX-S-S-OA纳米粒,DTX-S-S-EA纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LA纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LNA纳米粒,DTX-S-S-DHA纳米粒)
实施例8:PEG化小分子前药自组装纳米粒的制备
精密称取前药8mg和DSPE-PEG2000 1.6mg,用1mL乙醇将其溶解,搅拌下,将该乙醇溶液缓缓滴加到4ml去离子水中,自发形成均匀的纳米粒(DTX-S-S-SA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-OA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-EA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LNA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-DHA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒)
如表1所示,前药纳米粒的粒径较小,粒径分布小于0.2,载药量高(>50%)。通过透射电子显微镜测定实施例8中制备的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的粒径和形态,结果如图7,透射电镜图表明载药纳米粒为均匀的球形,粒径在100nm左右。
表1.PEG修饰的前药自组装纳米粒的粒径、粒径分布和载药量
实施例9:PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的存储稳定性试验
将实施例8中制备的PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒(DTX-S-S-SA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-OA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-EA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LNA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-DHA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒)在4℃条件下储存2个月。在此期间,通过动态光散射测定其粒径变化。结果如图8所示,只有DTX-S-S-SA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒和DTX-S-S-OA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒粒径显示无明显的变化,其他4种纳米粒均表现出粒径增加。以上结果表明DTX-S-S-SA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒和DTX-S-S-OA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒具有良好的储存稳定性,而所制备的DTX-S-S-EA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LNA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-DHA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒的储存稳定性较差。
实施例10:PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的体外释放试验
以含乙醇的pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液为释放介质,考察PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒的体外释放情况。将实施例8中制备的PEG修饰的小分子前药自组装纳米粒加入到30mL释放介质中并向释放介质中加入一定浓度的二硫苏糖醇(DTT),在37℃条件下,在设定的时间点取样,通过高效液相色谱测定释放出的多西他赛的浓度,以考察纳米粒在还原条件下的释放情况。
结果如图9所示,实验结果表明本发明设计的系列多西他赛-脂肪酸小分子前药均能够在还原环境中快速释放母药,具有还原敏感释药的特性,能对肿瘤部位特异的氧化还原环境作出响应,实现肿瘤部位特异性释药,有望提高多西他赛的抗肿瘤效果并降低对机体的毒副作用,且不同脂肪酸偶连的多西他赛前药的释放速度没有明显的不同,提示不同脂肪酸侧链对于母药的释放没有显著的影响。
实施例11:PEG修饰的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒的细胞毒实验
采用MTT法考察PEG修饰的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米粒对肿瘤细胞(4T1)毒性。首先将态良好的细胞消化,用培养液稀释至1万cells/mL细胞吹匀后于96孔板中每孔加入细胞悬液100μL,置培养箱中孵育24h使其贴壁。待细胞贴壁后加培养液稀释的多西他赛溶液剂或实施例8中制备的PEG化的多西他赛前药纳米粒。每孔加入200μL含不同浓度药物的培养基,每个浓度3个平行孔。对照组,即不加待测药液,单一补加200μL培养液,置培养箱中和细胞共同孵育。于加药后48h和72h,将96孔板取出,每孔加入5mg/mL MTT溶液25μL,置培养箱中孵育4h后甩板,将96孔板倒扣于滤纸上充分吸干残留液体后,每孔加入200μLDMSO于振荡器上振荡10min以溶解蓝紫色结晶物。设定A1孔(只含有200μL DMSO)为调零孔。使用酶标仪在490nm处测定各孔调零后的吸光度值。
细胞毒性结果如图10所示。与多西他赛溶液剂组相比,多西他赛前药纳米粒的细胞毒性略微削弱。但是由于肿瘤细胞特殊的高还原环境导致多西他赛能够快速从母药中释放出来,多西他赛前药纳米粒仍然具有较强的细胞毒性。
实施例12:PEG化的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米粒的药代动力学研究
取体重在180-220g之间的SD大鼠,随机分组每组5只,给药前禁食12h,自由饮水。分别静脉注射多西他赛溶液剂以及实施例8中制备的PEG化的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米粒。等效剂量为5mg/kg。于预设的时间点眼眶取血,分离获得血浆。通过超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(UPLC-MS)分别测定血浆中的前药和释放出的多西他赛的浓度。
实验结果如图11所示,多西他赛溶液剂迅速被血液清除。相比之下,PEG化的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药纳米粒的循环时间明显延长。同时,不同的脂肪酸侧链对多西他赛前药的循环时间也有明显的影响。DTX-S-S-SA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒和DTX-S-S-OA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒显示出更高的AUC。而DTX-S-S-EA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-LNA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒,DTX-S-S-DHA/DSPE-PEG2000纳米粒的AUC相对较小,这是由于他们较差的胶体稳定性导致的。
实施例13:PEG修饰的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒的在体抗肿瘤实验
将4T1细胞悬液(5*106cells/100μL)接种于雌性BALB/c小鼠腹侧皮下。待肿瘤体积生长至150mm3时,将荷瘤小鼠随机分组,每组五只,分别给与生理盐水、多西他赛溶液剂和实施例8中制备的PEG修饰的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒。每隔1天给药1次,连续给药5次,每天观察小鼠的存活状态,称体重,测量肿瘤体积。
体内抗肿瘤效果如图12A-B所示,多西他赛溶液剂与生理盐水组相比,具有显著的抑瘤作用。但是多西他赛溶液剂具有严重的副作用,给药后小鼠体重下降明显(如图12C)。相比于多西他赛溶液剂,PEG化的多西他赛前药自组装纳米粒具有良好的安全性,小鼠体重没有显著的下降。此外,不同的前药纳米之间也表现出不同的抗肿瘤效果,SA-S-S-DTX纳米粒和OA-S-S-DTX纳米粒由于具有更强的胶体稳定性,更高的AUC,显示出更好的抗肿瘤效果,而其他纳米粒由于循环时间较短,则表现出较差的体内抗肿瘤活性。
此外设计了高剂量组考察多西他赛前药纳米粒的安全性,结果如图12D所示,即使给药剂量达到20mg/kg,给予前药纳米粒组的小鼠几乎没有死亡,而即使给予10mg/kg的多西他赛溶液剂后,小鼠也与第20天全部死亡,以上结果提示相比于多西他赛溶液剂,制备的多西他赛前药纳米粒具有良好的安全性。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,其特征在于,所述的多西他赛可以为紫杉烷类化合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,其特征在于,所述的脂肪酸为硬脂酸、油酸、反油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十二碳六烯酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、珠光脂酸、花生酸、山俞酸、(E)-11-二十烯酸、芥酸、神经酸中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,其特征在于,所述的二硫键还可以为腙键、碳酸酯键、单硫醚键、间隔二硫键或二硒键中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,其特征在于,采用如下步骤合成:在对甲苯磺酸的催化下,脂肪酸与乙二醇反应,得到脂肪酸-乙二醇酯,脂肪酸-乙二醇酯在HOBt、EDCI和DMAP的催化下,与2,2'-二硫代二乙酸酐发生开环酯化反应得中间产物,中间产物在HOBt和EDCI的催化下,与多西他赛发生酯化反应,分离纯化即得,反应全程都在N2保护下进行。
6.二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸系列前药自组装纳米粒,包括如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药,其特征在于,其制备过程如下:
将一定量的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药和PEG稳定剂溶解到适量的乙醇中,搅拌下,将该乙醇溶液缓缓滴加到去离子水中,所述二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自发地组装成粒径均匀的纳米粒。
7.根据权利要求6所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米粒,其特征在于,所述的PEG为TPGS、DSPE-PEG、PLGA-PEG、PE-PEG和DSPE-PEG-AA中的一种。
8.权利要求1-5任何一项所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药或权利要求6-7所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米粒在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1-5任何一项所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药或权利要求6-7所述的二硫键桥连的多西他赛-脂肪酸前药自组装纳米粒在口服给药、注射给药或局部给药药物中的应用。
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