CN112599925A - 一种电池电容器用复合隔膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
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- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电池电容器用复合隔膜及其制备方法,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为60%‑70%,厚度为20‑30μm;静电纺丝层的厚度为5‑15μm,孔径为200‑300nm,孔隙率为50%‑60%。本发明复合隔膜以湿法无纺布为基布,为电池电容器用复合隔膜提供了充足的机械强度,在基布表面设置静电纺丝层,能够提高复合隔膜的耐高温性能,同时可以很好的调节复合隔膜表面的孔隙大小,解决了普通湿法无纺布隔膜热稳定性差、难以进行空隙调节易造成电池短路等问题,也解决了纯静电纺丝隔膜力学强度差的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于隔膜领域,特别涉及一种电池电容器用复合隔膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
隔膜作为电池/电容器的关键组成部分,其主要作用是隔离正负极,在充放电过程中作为离子转移运输的通道导通电子,因此,超级电容器/电池隔膜的性能直接影响超级电容器的使用安全以及能量密度、功率密度、充放电效率和循环使用等性能。
目前从发展趋势看,对隔膜材料的要求主要集中在两个方面:提供更充分的安全保障和实现更好的离子传输能力。隔膜为电池/电容器工作体系提供安全保障主要体现在以下几个方面:在突发异常高温情况下,保持物理形态和尺寸的稳定;隔膜具有一定的机械强度和厚度,防止被大颗粒、毛刺、枝晶等刺穿;电子绝缘性;不与电解液、电极发生反应。为了实现更好的离子传输能力,要求其具有良好的离子电导性,良好的保液性,要求在结构上实现微孔结构的均一性。
隔膜材料目前主要有PP/PE隔膜,无纺布,无纺布复合体系,PP/PE复合体系。PP/PE隔膜经单向拉伸或双向机械拉伸的方式获得,但是PP/PE熔点低,热稳定性差,在低温时会发生热收缩,引发安全问题,同时其孔隙率不高,保湿保液性差,影响快速充放电。通过对PP/PE隔膜进行表面涂覆,增加隔膜高温闭孔功能,改善对电解液的亲液性以及提高隔膜材料的耐温性能和阻燃性能。但是增加表面涂层的方式增加了隔膜厚度,增加了隔膜内阻,增加了工艺流程,提高了成本的同时,涂层也会进入隔膜空隙而降低了空隙率。
无纺布具有天然的孔隙结构,并且植物纤维通常具有大量的羟基,使得无纺布用作隔膜时具有良好的保湿性保液性,有较高的离子通过率。但是无纺布的孔径较大,穿刺强度较低。在无纺布中复合无机颗粒,通过无机颗粒调控了无纺布的孔隙结构,同时还抑制了隔膜的受热收缩,提高了润湿性和吸液量。但是其无法解决掉粉问题。专利CN201810585774.3在PP熔喷无纺布表面进行静电纺丝形成LCP聚合物层,明显的提高了隔膜的耐高温性能,并且有效的调控了隔膜的表面孔结构,但是PP熔喷无纺布强度低,不能弥补静电纺丝层强度低的问题,另外两者的复合强度也不够。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种电池电容器用复合隔膜及其制备方法,具有充足的机械强度,能够解决普通湿法无纺布隔膜热稳定性差、难以进行空隙调节易造成电池短路等问题,也解决了纯静电纺丝隔膜力学强度差的问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种电池电容器用复合隔膜,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;
湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为60%-70%,厚度为20-30μm;
静电纺丝层的厚度为5-15μm,孔径为200-300nm,孔隙率为50%-60%。
进一步的,湿法无纺布的拉伸强度不小于4.0kN/m,表面平滑度为8-12s。
进一步的,湿法无纺布中含有质量百分比为10%-20%的粘结纤维。
进一步的,湿法无纺布的表面存在粘结纤维的熔融须,熔融须的直径小于粘结纤维的直径。
进一步的,湿法无纺布表面熔融须的数量为3-4根/mm2。
进一步的,湿法无纺布中含有主体纤维,主体纤维与粘结纤维的质量比为4:1。
进一步的,静电纺丝层的材料为PTFE、LCP、PI中的一种或多种。
进一步的,主体纤维的长度为5-6mm,直径为8-9μm。
本发明还提供了上述一种电池电容器用复合隔膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将湿法无纺布原料制成浆,浆液成型、干燥、热压,得到湿法无纺布;
2)将聚合物溶液通过静电纺丝方法喷射到湿法无纺布表面,湿法无纺布的熔融须交替插入静电纺丝层中,静电纺丝参数为:接收距离15cm,电压18-24KV;
3)将步骤2)所得产品在低于粘结纤维熔点5-10℃下,以线压100-400N/cm,线速度为10-30m/min的条件下进行热压,冷却即得电池电容器用复合隔膜。
本发明提供了一种电池电容器用复合隔膜及其制备方法,复合隔膜以湿法无纺布为基布,为电池电容器用复合隔膜提供了充足的机械强度,在基布表面设置静电纺丝层,能够提高复合隔膜的耐高温性能,同时可以很好的调节复合隔膜表面的孔隙大小,解决了普通湿法无纺布隔膜热稳定性差、难以进行空隙调节易造成电池短路等问题,也解决了纯静电纺丝隔膜力学强度差的问题。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的实质,下述给出了本发明的实施方式,仅用于说明本发明是如何实施的,并非限制本发明仅可由以下方案实施,在理解本发明技术方案的基础上,对本发明进行的变更、替换、结构修饰依旧属于本发明的保护范围,本发明的保护范围涵盖于其权利要求及其同变换。
本发明公开了一种电池电容器用复合隔膜,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;
湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为60%-70%,厚度为20-30μm;
静电纺丝层的厚度为5-15μm,孔径为200-300nm,孔隙率为50%-60%。
上述以湿法无纺布为基布,为电池电容器用复合隔膜提供了充足的机械强度,在基布表面设置静电纺丝层,能够提高复合隔膜的耐高温性能,同时可以很好的调节复合隔膜表面的孔隙大小。
需要说明的是,静电纺丝层的孔隙率和孔径大小影响快速充放电速率和安全性,过小则充放电速率慢,过大则影响安全性。
进一步的,湿法无纺布的拉伸强度不小于4.0kN/m,表面平滑度为8-12s。
进一步的,湿法无纺布中含有质量百分比为10%-20%的粘结纤维。其中,湿法无纺布的表面存在粘结纤维的熔融须,可使得湿法无纺布与静电纺丝层牢固结合,熔融须的直径小于粘结纤维的直径。需要说明的是,湿法无纺布表面熔融须的数量为3-4根/mm2。
进一步的,湿法无纺布中含有主体纤维,主体纤维与粘结纤维的质量比为4:1。
进一步的,静电纺丝层的材料为PTFE、LCP、PI中的一种或多种。上述PTFE、LCP、PI熔点高,化学稳定性、热稳定性、尺寸稳定性好,绝缘,介电常数大,因此静电纺丝层可以明显的改善隔膜的热稳定性及尺寸稳定性。另外静电纺丝工艺可以很好的调节隔膜表面孔隙大小。
进一步的,主体纤维的长度为5-6mm,直径为8-9μm。
本发明还提供了上述一种电池电容器用复合隔膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将湿法无纺布原料制成浆,浆液成型、干燥、热压,得到湿法无纺布;
2)将聚合物溶液通过静电纺丝方法喷射到湿法无纺布表面,湿法无纺布的熔融须交替插入静电纺丝层中,静电纺丝参数为:接收距离15cm,电压18-24KV;
3)将步骤2)所得产品在低于粘结纤维熔点5-10℃下,以线压100-400N/cm,线速度为10-30m/min的条件下进行热压,冷却即得电池电容器用复合隔膜。
需要说明的是,步骤1)中,采用热辊进行热压,通过与热辊接触而熔融的粘结纤维在从热辊脱离时形成短的须状,形成熔融须。
为了进一步说明本发明的技术方案,结合以下实施例具体说明。
实施例1
电池电容器用复合隔膜,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;
湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为60%,厚度为20μm;湿法无纺布的拉伸强度不小于4.0kN/m,表面平滑度为8s;
静电纺丝层的厚度为5μm,孔径为200nm,孔隙率为50%。
湿法无纺布中含有粘结纤维和主体纤维,主体纤维与粘结纤维的质量比为4:1,湿法无纺布中粘结纤维的质量百分比为20%;
湿法无纺布的表面存在粘结纤维的熔融须,熔融须的直径小于粘结纤维的直径;湿法无纺布表面熔融须的数量为4根/mm2;主体纤维为聚酯纤维,聚酯纤维的长度为5mm,直径为8μm;粘结纤维为全熔纤维,熔点在110℃;
上述电池电容器用复合隔膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将聚酯纤维和粘结纤维分散在水中,均匀混合获得浆料A,将浆料A浓度稀释至0.05wt%,上网抄造,经烘缸干燥获得含水量为6.5%的原纸B;原纸B经热压获得基布C,热压条件为热压温度100℃,线压150N/cm,线速度为10m/min;
2)制备PTFE溶液,并通过静电纺丝在基布C两侧形成8μm厚的静电纺丝层;
3)将步骤2)所得产品在温度为100℃,以线压100N/cm,线速度为10m/min的条件下进行热压,冷却即得电池电容器用复合隔膜。
实施例2
电池电容器用复合隔膜,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;
湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为70%,厚度为30μm;湿法无纺布的拉伸强度不小于4.0kN/m,表面平滑度为12s;
静电纺丝层的厚度为15μm,孔径为300nm,孔隙率为60%。
湿法无纺布中含有粘结纤维和主体纤维,主体纤维与粘结纤维的质量比为4:1,湿法无纺布中粘结纤维的质量百分比为20%;
湿法无纺布的表面存在粘结纤维的熔融须,熔融须的直径小于粘结纤维的直径;湿法无纺布表面熔融须的数量为4根/mm2;主体纤维为聚酯纤维,聚酯纤维的长度为6mm,直径为9μm;粘结纤维为全熔纤维,熔点在110℃;
上述电池电容器用复合隔膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将聚酯纤维和粘结纤维分散在水中,均匀混合获得浆料A,将浆料A浓度稀释至0.05wt%,上网抄造,经烘缸干燥获得含水量为6.5%的原纸B;原纸B经热压获得基布C,热压条件为热压温度100℃,线压150N/cm,线速度为10m/min;
2)制备PTFE溶液,并通过静电纺丝在基布C两侧形成8μm厚的静电纺丝层;
3)将步骤2)所得产品在温度为105℃,以线压400N/cm,线速度为30m/min的条件下进行热压,冷却即得电池电容器用复合隔膜。
实施例3
电池电容器用复合隔膜,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;
湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为65%,厚度为25μm;湿法无纺布的拉伸强度不小于4.0kN/m,表面平滑度为10s;
静电纺丝层的厚度为10μm,孔径为250nm,孔隙率为55%。
湿法无纺布中含有粘结纤维和主体纤维,主体纤维与粘结纤维的质量比为4:1,湿法无纺布中粘结纤维的质量百分比为20%;
湿法无纺布的表面存在粘结纤维的熔融须,熔融须的直径小于粘结纤维的直径;湿法无纺布表面熔融须的数量为3根/mm2;主体纤维为聚酯纤维,聚酯纤维的长度为5.5mm,直径为8.6μm;粘结纤维为全熔纤维,熔点在110℃;
上述电池电容器用复合隔膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将聚酯纤维和粘结纤维分散在水中,均匀混合获得浆料A,将浆料A浓度稀释至0.05wt%,上网抄造,经烘缸干燥获得含水量为6.5%的原纸B;原纸B经热压获得基布C,热压条件为热压温度100℃,线压150N/cm,线速度为10m/min;
2)制备PTFE溶液,并通过静电纺丝在基布C两侧形成8μm厚的静电纺丝层;
3)将步骤2)所得产品在温度为100℃,以线压200N/cm,线速度为20m/min的条件下进行热压,冷却即得电池电容器用复合隔膜。
对比例1
以实施例3为基础,其区别在于静电纺丝层的孔径为100nm。
对比例2
以实施例3为基础,其区别在于孔隙率为30%。
对比例3
以实施例3为基础,其区别在于无步骤2)。
对实施例1-3及对比例1-3制得的电池电容器用复合隔膜的横向、纵向抗张强度及刺穿强度进行测试,结果见表1。
表1试验结果
综上所述,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过参照本发明的某些优选实施例已经对本发明进行了描述,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其做出各种各样的改变,而不偏离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,包括湿法无纺布,设置在湿法无纺布基布两侧的静电纺丝层;
湿法无纺布基布的孔隙率为60%-70%,厚度为20-30μm;
静电纺丝层的厚度为5-15μm,孔径为200-300nm,孔隙率为50%-60%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,湿法无纺布的拉伸强度不小于4.0kN/m,表面平滑度为8-12s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,湿法无纺布中含有质量百分比为10%-20%的粘结纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,湿法无纺布的表面存在粘结纤维的熔融须,熔融须的直径小于粘结纤维的直径。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,湿法无纺布表面熔融须的数量为3-4根/mm2。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,湿法无纺布中含有主体纤维,主体纤维与粘结纤维的质量比为4:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,静电纺丝层的材料为PTFE、LCP、PI中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜,其特征在于,主体纤维的长度为5-6mm,直径为8-9μm。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池电容器用复合隔膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将湿法无纺布原料制成浆,浆液成型、干燥、热压,得到湿法无纺布;
2)将聚合物溶液通过静电纺丝方法喷射到湿法无纺布表面,湿法无纺布的熔融须交替插入静电纺丝层中,静电纺丝参数为:接收距离15cm,电压18-24KV;
3)将步骤2)所得产品在低于粘结纤维熔点5-10℃下,以线压100-400N/cm,线速度为10-30m/min的条件下进行热压,冷却即得电池电容器用复合隔膜。
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