CN112593127A - Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112593127A CN112593127A CN202011466571.6A CN202011466571A CN112593127A CN 112593127 A CN112593127 A CN 112593127A CN 202011466571 A CN202011466571 A CN 202011466571A CN 112593127 A CN112593127 A CN 112593127A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010786 composite waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, relates to the field of aluminum alloy casting, and particularly relates to a cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems of non-compact internal structure, air holes and slag inclusion of cast aluminum alloy ingots manufactured by the existing method. The aluminum alloy consists of 8-9.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4% of Fe, 2-3% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.3% of Mn, 0.15-0.35% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.3% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01% of Sn and the balance of Al in percentage by; the content ratio of Mn to Fe in the cast aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 0.65. The method comprises the following steps: weighing smelting raw materials; smelting raw materials according to the process sequence and the process temperature; preparing a casting melt according to a process; and casting the alloy melt through a filtering device to obtain the cast aluminum alloy. The invention is used for casting the cast aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy casting, in particular to a cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Mn multi-element alloy has the advantages of high strength, easiness in forming, good casting performance, higher air tightness, good cutting processability, good weldability and the like, and is widely applied to the automobile industry. The cast aluminum alloy is produced by using secondary aluminum and low-grade waste aluminum as raw materials, so that higher requirements are put forward on a smelting process and melt quality. The alloy metal high-silicon alloy ensures that silicon is fully alloyed to ensure compact structure, and no air holes or slag inclusion becomes the key point of internal quality control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of non-compact internal structure, air holes and slag inclusion of cast aluminum alloy ingots manufactured by the existing method.
The cast aluminum alloy consists of 8-9.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4% of Fe, 2-3% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.3% of Mn, 0.15-0.35% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.3% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01% of Sn and the balance of Al in percentage by mass; the content ratio of Mn to Fe in the cast aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 0.65.
The preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
firstly, the formula of the aluminum alloy based on the material preparation is as follows: according to mass percentage, 8-9.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Fe, 2-3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.15-0.35 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Sn, and the balance of Al; proportioning according to the formula of the aluminum alloy, and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, metal copper, metal silicon, Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste as smelting raw materials;
secondly, placing the aluminum ingot into a natural gas furnace, starting heating, forming a molten material liquid level after furnace burden is completely melted and collapsed, adding metal copper into the furnace, scattering a covering agent, skimming when the temperature of the melt is 700-720 ℃, scattering a slag cleaning agent, heating to 870-920 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, completely skimming the surface scum, then adding metal silicon, and continuing stirring to obtain the melt;
thirdly, after the metal copper and the metal silicon are fully alloyed, adding Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste into the melt, and stirring while adding; then stirring for 5-10 min at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and covering a slag removing agent after sampling and analyzing are qualified to obtain an alloy melt;
introducing nitrogen into the alloy melt, refining for 3-10 min, standing for 20-30 min, removing floating slag on the surface, scattering a covering agent, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain a pure alloy melt;
fifthly, casting: and (3) casting the pure alloy melt in a casting mould through a rotary casting nozzle by a filtering device at the casting speed of 11-19 mm/min and the casting temperature of 670-730 ℃ to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects different adding time according to the characteristics of different alloys, thus solving the problem of full alloying of each element; nitrogen is introduced for refining, so that H in the melt can be effectively reduced2And oxide inclusions; the slag flows into a filtering device, so that slag can be effectively removed; the cast aluminum alloy ingot obtained by the method has compact fracture structure and less surface pores and inclusions, and the problem of more quality defects in the existing method is solved.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the cast aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 8-9.5% of Si, not more than 0.4% of Fe, 2-3% of Cu, not more than 0.3% of Mn, 0.15-0.35% of Mg, not more than 0.2% of Cr, not more than 0.2% of Ni, not more than 0.3% of Zn, not more than 0.05% of Pb, not more than 0.2% of Ti, not more than 0.01% of Sn, and the balance of Al; the content ratio of Mn to Fe in the cast aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 0.65.
The role of each element in this embodiment:
the role of Si: silicon improves the castability of the alloy and increases the fluidity of the aluminum alloy because it has a higher latent heat of solidification than aluminum. The silicon crystal grains have higher hardness and good chemical stability, so that the aluminum alloy has higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Action of Cu: the addition of copper to the aluminum alloy enhances the corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy. After the copper is added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, the hardness and the high-temperature mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be improved, and the anti-fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy can also be improved by the solid solution of the copper.
Effect of Mn: the role of manganese in aluminum alloys can reduce the deleterious effects of iron and can change the sheet or needle structure formed by iron in aluminum alloys to a fine crystalline structure.
The role of Mg: the addition of a small amount of magnesium to the aluminum-silicon alloy can form a Mg2Si phase, which can increase the strength of the aluminum alloy. Magnesium can improve the corrosion resistance and strength of the aluminum alloy, and the tendency of sticking films is correspondingly reduced, so that the surface of the die casting is smooth, and the electroplating property is improved.
In the present embodiment, the melting raw materials are aluminum ingot, metal Si, metal Cu, Mn-containing scrap, and Mg-containing scrap.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the cast aluminum alloy consists of, by mass, 8.9% of Si, less than or equal to 0.38% of Fe, 2.35% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.28% of Mn, 0.3% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.18% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.18% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.28% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.18% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01% of Sn, and the balance. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, the formula of the aluminum alloy based on the material preparation is as follows: according to mass percentage, 8-9.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Fe, 2-3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.15-0.35 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Sn, and the balance of Al; proportioning according to the formula of the aluminum alloy, and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, metal copper, metal silicon, Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste as smelting raw materials;
secondly, placing the aluminum ingot into a natural gas furnace, starting heating, forming a molten material liquid level after furnace burden is completely melted and collapsed, adding metal copper into the furnace, scattering a covering agent, skimming when the temperature of the melt is 700-720 ℃, scattering a slag cleaning agent, heating to 870-920 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, completely skimming the surface scum, then adding metal silicon, and continuing stirring to obtain the melt;
thirdly, after the metal copper and the metal silicon are fully alloyed, adding Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste into the melt, and stirring while adding; then stirring for 5-10 min at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and covering a slag removing agent after sampling and analyzing are qualified to obtain an alloy melt;
introducing nitrogen into the alloy melt, refining for 3-10 min, standing for 20-30 min, removing floating slag on the surface, scattering a covering agent, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain a pure alloy melt;
fifthly, casting: and (3) casting the pure alloy melt in a casting mould through a rotary casting nozzle by a filtering device at the casting speed of 11-19 mm/min and the casting temperature of 670-730 ℃ to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
The order of adding the Mn-containing scrap and the Mg-containing scrap described in step four of this embodiment may be in any order.
In the embodiment, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Ti and Sn are impurity elements, so that the standard range is not exceeded.
In the embodiment, the copper plate is ensured not to be exposed out of the liquid level by adding the copper metal.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the third difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the purity of the aluminum ingot in the first step is 99.7%. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the second to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the third or fourth embodiment in that: in the first step, the Mn-containing waste is 434 composite waste, and the components of the Mn-containing waste are 2.3% of Si, 0.3% of Fe, 0.1% of Cu, 0.9% of Mn and 0.3% of Mg; the Mg-containing waste is 6061 waste, and the components of the Mg-containing waste are 0.6% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.2% of Cu and 0.95% of Mg. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the third to fifth embodiments is: the grade of the metal silicon in the step one is 3303. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the third to sixth embodiments in that: in the second step, the stirring is carried out for the first time after the metal silicon is added, the metal silicon is pressed into the melt, the covering agent is scattered, the temperature is raised to be not lower than 870 ℃, then the stirring is carried out for the second time after the temperature is kept for 30min, and the stirring time for the second time is not less than 3 min; standing for 60min, and stirring for at least 3 min. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to seventh embodiments in that: and in the second step, the stirring is performed uniformly below the middle part of the liquid level. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment differs from the embodiment in one of three to eight: and in the third step, the sampling position is at the position slightly lower than the middle line of the furnace door and the middle part of the melt. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the third to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to ninth embodiments in that: the water content of nitrogen refined by the nitrogen in the fourth step is not higher than 0.3g/m3The nitrogen flow control is used for generating fluctuation on the surface of the melt. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to ninth embodiments.
In the embodiment and the refiner, the refiner moves slowly at the bottom of the furnace, and the corners of the bottom of the furnace and the periphery of the bottom of the furnace all need to move to eliminate dead corners.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: this embodiment differs from one of the third to tenth embodiments in that: in the fifth step, the filtering device should use 30ppi of foamed ceramic filter, and the metal liquid level is higher than the foamed ceramic filter in the using process. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to tenth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode twelve: this embodiment is different from one of the third to eleventh embodiments in that: the selection principle of the casting temperature in the fifth step is as follows: when the outdoor temperature is 0-37 ℃, 670-700 ℃ is selected; when the outdoor temperature is-27-0 ℃, 710-730 ℃ is selected. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to eleventh embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is thirteen: this embodiment differs from the first to second embodiment in that: and step five, preheating the rotary casting nozzle in advance. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to twelfth embodiments.
This embodiment can prevent the head of the casting from being clogged.
The specific implementation mode is fourteen: this embodiment is different from one of the third to thirteenth embodiments in that: and step five, preheating the casting mold in advance. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of the third to the thirteenth embodiments.
The embodiment can prevent the mold from absorbing moisture to cause the generation of bubbles in the cast ingot.
The concrete implementation mode is fifteen: this embodiment differs from the embodiment in one of three to fourteen: and fifthly, judging the unqualified cast ingot in the cast aluminum alloy in an ultrathin and ultra-thick cast ingot, wherein the cast ingot has bubbles, slag and inclusions on the surface. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of one of the third to the fourteenth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
firstly, the formula of the aluminum alloy based on the material preparation is as follows: according to mass percent, 8.90 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.38 percent of Fe, 2.35 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.28 percent of Mn, 0.3 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.28 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Sn, and the balance of Al; proportioning according to the formula of the aluminum alloy, and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, metal copper, metal silicon, Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste as smelting raw materials;
secondly, loading an aluminum ingot into a natural gas furnace, starting heating, forming a molten material liquid level after furnace burden is completely melted and collapsed, adding metal copper into the furnace, scattering a covering agent, skimming when the temperature of the melt is 700-720 ℃, scattering a slag cleaning agent, heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, completely skimming the surface scum, then adding metal silicon, and continuing stirring to obtain the melt;
thirdly, after the metal copper and the metal silicon are fully alloyed, adding Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste into the melt, and stirring while adding; then stirring for 7min at the temperature of 730 ℃, and covering a slag removing agent after sampling and analyzing to obtain an alloy melt;
introducing nitrogen into the alloy melt, refining for 5min, standing for 25min, removing floating slag on the surface, scattering a covering agent, and standing for 25min to obtain a pure alloy melt;
fifthly, casting: and (3) casting the pure alloy melt in a casting mould through a rotary casting nozzle by a filtering device at the casting speed of 11-19 mm/min and at the casting temperature of 685 ℃ to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
The cast aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment has qualified chemical components, the Mn/Fe value of 103 percent, compact fracture structure, no air holes, slag inclusion and other defects.
Example two: the preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
firstly, the formula of the aluminum alloy based on the material preparation is as follows: 9 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.38 percent of Fe, 2.3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.28 percent of Mn, 0.29 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.28 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.18 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Sn and the balance of Al; proportioning according to the formula of the aluminum alloy, and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, metal copper, metal silicon, Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste as smelting raw materials;
secondly, loading an aluminum ingot into a natural gas furnace, starting heating, forming a molten material liquid level after furnace burden is completely melted and collapsed, adding metal copper into the furnace, scattering a covering agent, skimming when the temperature of the melt is 700-720 ℃, scattering a slag cleaning agent, heating to 890 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, completely skimming the surface scum, then adding metal silicon, and continuing stirring to obtain the melt;
thirdly, after the metal copper and the metal silicon are fully alloyed, adding Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste into the melt, and stirring while adding; then stirring for 8min at the temperature of 720 ℃, and covering a slag remover after sampling and analyzing to be qualified to obtain an alloy melt;
introducing nitrogen into the alloy melt, refining for 6min, standing for 27min, removing floating slag on the surface, scattering a covering agent, and standing for 25min to obtain a pure alloy melt;
fifthly, casting: and (3) the pure alloy melt passes through a filtering device and is cast in a casting mould through a rotary casting nozzle, the casting speed is 11-19 mm/min, the casting temperature is 695 ℃, and the cast aluminum alloy is obtained by casting.
The cast aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment has qualified chemical components, the Mn/Fe value of 96.5 percent, compact fracture structure, no air holes, slag inclusion and other defects.
Claims (10)
1. A cast aluminum alloy is characterized in that the cast aluminum alloy consists of 8-9.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4% of Fe, 2-3% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.3% of Mn, 0.15-0.35% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.3% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01% of Sn and the balance of Al in percentage; the content ratio of Mn to Fe in the cast aluminum alloy is more than or equal to 0.65.
2. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the cast aluminum alloy consists of, in mass%, 8.9% Si, Fe.ltoreq.0.38%, 2.35% Cu, Mn.ltoreq.0.28%, 0.3% Mg, Cr.ltoreq.0.18%, Ni.ltoreq.0.18%, Zn.ltoreq.0.28%, Pb.ltoreq.0.05%, Ti.ltoreq.0.18%, Sn.ltoreq.0.01%, and the balance Al.
3. The method for producing a cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method for producing a cast aluminum alloy is carried out by the steps of:
firstly, the formula of the aluminum alloy based on the material preparation is as follows: according to mass percentage, 8-9.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Fe, 2-3 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Mn, 0.15-0.35 percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Sn, and the balance of Al; proportioning according to the formula of the aluminum alloy, and respectively weighing an aluminum ingot, metal copper, metal silicon, Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste as smelting raw materials;
secondly, placing the aluminum ingot into a natural gas furnace, starting heating, forming a molten material liquid level after furnace burden is completely melted and collapsed, adding metal copper into the furnace, scattering a covering agent, skimming when the temperature of the melt is 700-720 ℃, scattering a slag cleaning agent, heating to 870-920 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, completely skimming the surface scum, then adding metal silicon, and continuing stirring to obtain the melt;
thirdly, after the metal copper and the metal silicon are fully alloyed, adding Mn-containing waste and Mg-containing waste into the melt, and stirring while adding; then stirring for 5-10 min at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and covering a slag removing agent after sampling and analyzing are qualified to obtain an alloy melt;
introducing nitrogen into the alloy melt, refining for 3-10 min, standing for 20-30 min, removing floating slag on the surface, scattering a covering agent, and standing for 20-30 min to obtain a pure alloy melt;
fifthly, casting: and (3) casting the pure alloy melt in a casting mould through a rotary casting nozzle by a filtering device at the casting speed of 11-19 mm/min and the casting temperature of 670-730 ℃ to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
4. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein said aluminum ingot in step one has a purity of 99.7%.
5. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein said Mn-containing scrap in the first step is 434 composite scrap having a composition of 2.3% Si, 0.3% Fe, 0.1% Cu, 0.9% Mn, 0.3% Mg; the Mg-containing waste is 6061 waste, and the components of the Mg-containing waste are 0.6% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.2% of Cu and 0.95% of Mg.
6. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein said silicon metal in step one is 3303.
7. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, the stirring is performed for a first time after the addition of the metallic silicon, the metallic silicon is pressed into the melt, the covering agent is sprinkled, the temperature is raised to not less than 870 ℃, and then the stirring is performed for a second time after the temperature is maintained for 30 minutes, the second stirring time being not less than 3 minutes; standing for 60min, and stirring for at least 3 min.
8. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein in step five the filter unit uses 30ppi ceramic foam filter, and the metal level is higher than the ceramic foam filter during use.
9. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein said casting temperature in step five is selected from the group consisting of: when the outdoor temperature is 0-37 ℃, 670-700 ℃ is selected; when the outdoor temperature is-27-0 ℃, 710-730 ℃ is selected.
10. A cast aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen water content of said nitrogen refining in step four is not higher than 0.3g/m3。
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| CN114182142A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-15 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Mn die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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