CN112562472B - A multifunctional gastric lavage model and gastric lavage training method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional gastric lavage model and a gastric lavage training method, which belong to the technical field of medical teaching articles and comprise an upper half body model and a toxic object, wherein the upper half body model comprises a head part and an upper half body part, an esophagus is arranged in a containing cavity of the upper half body part, one end of the esophagus is communicated with a nasal cavity, a stomach comprises a transparent elastic layer and a transparent silica gel layer, the stomach is fixed in the containing cavity through a first fixing component, a stomach cavity communicated with a cardia and a pylorus is arranged in the stomach, and the cardia is communicated with the other end of the esophagus; after the stomach tube is inserted into the stomach cavity through the nasal cavity and the esophagus, liquid can be injected into or pumped out of the stomach cavity through the stomach tube, and when the liquid is pumped through the stomach tube, toxic substances can be pumped out of the upper half body model from the stomach cavity along with the liquid; a gastric lavage training method. The multifunctional gastric lavage model and the gastric lavage training method disclosed by the invention can be used for practicing intubation and tube drawing operations, and can also be used for completing liquid injection and liquid extraction operations, so that an operator can simulate and complete gastric lavage operation.

Description

A multifunctional gastric lavage model and gastric lavage training method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical teaching supplies, in particular to a multifunctional gastric lavage model and a gastric lavage training method.

Background technique

Gastric lavage is the process of inserting a gastric tube from the nasal cavity or mouth, through the esophagus to the stomach, first extracting the poison, then injecting the gastric lavage solution, and expelling the stomach contents, and eliminating the poison in the stomach by injecting and aspirating a certain amount of solution. Remove retention. At present, in the teaching of acute and critical care nursing and basic nursing, many operation techniques can be demonstrated between teachers and students and between students. For gastric lavage operation, it is mainly completed on the patient model. The patient model has a channel between the nasal cavity or oral cavity and the esophagus, so that students can practice intubation and extubation operations, but water injection and pumping operations cannot be practiced. Students are unable to simulate the complete operation of gastric lavage, which makes this teaching process insufficiency and needs to be improved urgently.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is proposed to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a device that can not only practice intubation and extubation operations, but also perform liquid injection and extraction operations, so that the operator can simulate the complete operation of gastric lavage. multifunctional gastric lavage model.

The second purpose of the present invention is to propose a gastric lavage training method.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-functional gastric lavage model, including an upper body model, the upper body model includes a head and an upper body, and the upper body includes an accommodating cavity, and the esophagus, heart, The lungs, liver, stomach, and upper body are provided with openings in front of the accommodating cavity for easy observation of the interior of the accommodating cavity. The stomach includes an internal transparent elastic layer and a transparent silicone layer coated on the outer surface of the transparent elastic layer. There is also a first fixing component, the head is rotatable on the upper part of the upper body, one end of the esophagus is connected to the nasal cavity, the inner diameter of the esophagus is adapted to the outer diameter of the stomach tube, the heart, lungs, and liver are all fixed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the stomach The stomach part is fixed in the accommodating cavity through the first fixing component, the stomach part is provided with a stomach part cavity connecting the cardia and the pylorus, and the stomach cardia is connected to the other end of the esophagus;

The gastric lavage model further includes a poisonous object and a model base arranged at the lower part of the upper body model, and the poisonous object is arranged in the stomach cavity;

After the gastric tube is inserted into the stomach cavity through the nasal cavity and the esophagus, the liquid can be injected into or sucked out of the stomach cavity through the gastric tube. Suck out the upper body model.

Further, the gastric lavage model also includes:

a controller, located inside the model base;

a control button, located at the front of the model base, and the control button is signally connected to the controller;

an intestinal tract, one end of which is connected to the pylorus of the stomach, a two-position two-way valve is arranged in the intestinal tract, and the two-position two-way valve is signally connected to the controller;

The drainage bag is provided with a drainage port, and the drainage port communicates with the other end of the intestinal tract.

Further, the first fixing assembly includes a first rod, a second rod, a third rod, and a first casing for accommodating the stomach, the first casing adopts a cuboid structure, and one end of the first rod is vertical Connected to the central position of the bottom plate of the first shell, the other end of the first rod is vertically connected to the upper surface of the model base, one end of the second rod is vertically connected to the central position of the right side plate of the first shell, and the second rod The other end is connected to the right side wall of the upper body part, one end of the third rod is vertically connected to the central position of the rear side plate of the first shell, the other end of the third rod is connected to the rear side wall of the upper body part, and the top plate of the first shell An esophagus hole is provided for inserting into the esophagus, and a first drainage hole is provided on the left side plate of the cuboid for passing through the intestinal tract.

Further, an arc transition is provided between the inner wall of the bottom plate of the first housing and the inner wall of the rear side plate;

The inner wall of the bottom plate of the first shell, the inner wall of the left side plate, the inner wall of the right side plate, the inner wall of the rear side plate and the arc transition part are all provided with pressure sensors, which are used to detect the pressure of the stomach on the pressure sensor;

The front part of the model base is provided with an alarm, and the controller is signally connected to the alarm and several pressure sensors.

Further, the gastric lavage model further includes a second fixing component, the second fixing component includes a fourth rod, a fifth rod, a sixth rod, and a second casing for accommodating a drainage bag, the second casing The body adopts a cuboid structure, one end of the fourth rod is vertically connected to the central position of the bottom plate of the second shell, the other end of the fourth rod is vertically connected to the upper surface of the model base, and one end of the fifth rod is vertically connected to the second shell The center position of the left side panel of the body, the other end of the fifth rod is connected to the left side wall of the upper body, one end of the sixth rod is vertically connected to the center position of the rear side panel of the second shell, and the other end of the sixth rod is connected to the upper body The top plate of the second casing is provided with a second drainage hole for passing through the intestinal tract.

Further, the poisonous object adopts colored plastic particles, and the particle diameter is smaller than the diameter of the stomach tube.

Further, a first connection device is provided directly behind the head, the first connection device includes a first universal joint and a first mounting seat, and the first universal joint is connected directly behind the head and the first a mounting seat; the back of the upper body is provided with a second connecting device that is the same as the first connecting device;

The gastric lavage model further includes a base, the base includes a bottom plate, and a first bracket is arranged on the bottom plate for connecting the bottom plate and the first connecting device, and the first bracket includes a first bracket arranged along the vertical direction. a vertical rod and a first corrugated pipe, the first vertical rod is vertically arranged on the bottom plate, the upper end of the first vertical rod is provided with the lower end of the first corrugated pipe, and the upper end of the first corrugated pipe is installed with the a first mounting seat; a second bracket for connecting the bottom plate and the second connecting device, the second bracket includes a second vertical rod and a second corrugated pipe arranged in a vertical direction, the second vertical rod is vertical The lower end of the second corrugated pipe is arranged on the upper end of the second vertical rod, and the second connecting device is installed on the upper end of the first corrugated pipe.

Further, the bottom of the first mounting seat is provided with a first snap, the upper end of the first corrugated pipe is provided with a first snap groove matching the first snap, and the first corrugated pipe passes through the first snap. The buckle is engaged with the first slot to connect the first mounting seat; the bottom of the second connection device is provided with a second buckle, and the upper end of the second corrugated pipe is provided with a first buckle matched with the second buckle Two card slots, the second corrugated tube is connected to the second connection device by engaging the second card slot with the second buckle.

Further, the first vertical rod adopts a hydraulic cylinder, and the upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with the first bellows.

In order to achieve the above object, the second aspect of the present invention provides a gastric lavage training method, which is applied to the multifunctional gastric lavage model described in any one of the above technical solutions, including the following steps:

Assess the patient's basic vital characteristics and poisoning manifestations;

According to the needs of gastric lavage operation, prepare the operation items, connect the operation pipeline, and adjust the upper body model to be supine or left side or right side or semi-recumbent;

Perform intubation, determine the insertion position of the gastric tube, and fix the gastric tube;

Perform gastric lavage operation, extract the stomach contents including poisonous objects in the stomach, and then inject and aspirate the liquid. The liquid injected each time cannot exceed 500ml. If there is too much liquid in the stomach, the pressure sensor will send a detection signal to the controller. After that, the controller controls the alarm to send out a prompt signal; at the same time, observe whether the injection volume of the gastric lavage solution and the suction volume are balanced, and observe the color of the extracted liquid;

After gastric lavage, open the two-position two-way valve through the control operation button, release the residual liquid in the stomach, pull out the gastric tube, clean and disinfect the operation items, and record the gastric lavage process.

Due to the adoption of the above solution, the transparent elastic layer of the stomach of the present invention can accommodate the same amount of liquid as the actual operation, the transparent silicone layer is a flexible material, and its surface can be set to a folded structure similar to the folds of the stomach surface, the transparent material of the stomach It is convenient for the operator to observe the poisonous objects and liquids in the stomach cavity; the poisonous objects can be sucked out of the gastric tube and injected into the stomach body, the color of the particles makes it easy to identify, and it is convenient to confirm whether the poisonous objects are exhausted; Bend the first bellows and the second bellows of the base to adjust the upper body model to lie on the left or right side. The height of the head can be adjusted by extending or retracting the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the upper body model can be adjusted to Semi-recumbent or lying down; the gastric lavage model of the present invention can not only practice intubation and extubation operations, but also perform liquid injection and extraction operations, so that the operator can simulate the complete operation of gastric lavage and achieve teaching goals.

Description of drawings

1 is a front view of an upper body model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a side view of an upper body model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the first fixing assembly in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second fixing assembly in Fig. 1;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper body model provided by an embodiment of the present invention when it is lying flat;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper body model provided in an embodiment of the present invention when it is half-recumbent.

Among them: 1. Upper body model; 2. Head; 3. Upper body; 311, Receiving cavity; 312, Esophagus; 313, Heart; 314, Lungs; 315, Liver; 316, Opening; 317, Stomach; 32 321, the first rod; 322, the second rod; 323, the third rod; 324, the first shell; 325, the esophagus hole; 326, the first drainage hole; 33, the intestinal tract; 331, 2/2-way valve; 34, drainage bag; 35, second fixing assembly; 351, fourth rod; 352, fifth rod; 353, sixth rod; 354, second housing; 355, second drainage hole; 4. Poisonous object; 5. Model base; 51. Control button; 52. Alarm; 6. First connecting device; 61. First universal joint; 62. First mounting seat; 7. Second connecting device; 8 , base; 81, bottom plate; 82, first bracket; 821, hydraulic cylinder; 822, piston rod; 823, first bellows; 83, second bracket; 831, second pole; 832, second bellows; 833, roller; 9, gastric tube.

Detailed ways

Below, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

An embodiment of the present invention provides a multifunctional gastric lavage model, as shown in FIG. 1 , including an upper body model 1, the upper body model 1 includes a head 2 and an upper body part 3, and the upper body part 3 includes an accommodating cavity 311, and the accommodating cavity 311 contains The esophagus 312, the heart 313, the lungs 314, the liver 315, and the stomach 317 are provided. The upper body 3 is provided with an opening 316 in front of the accommodating cavity 311 for easy observation of the interior of the accommodating cavity 311. The stomach 317 includes an internal transparent elastic layer and a A transparent silicone layer covering the outer surface of the transparent elastic layer, a first fixing component 32 is also arranged in the accommodating cavity 311, the head 2 is rotatably arranged on the upper part of the upper body, one end of the esophagus 312 is connected to the nasal cavity, and the inner diameter of the esophagus 312 is connected with the stomach. The outer diameter of the tube 9 is adapted, the heart 313, the lungs 314, and the liver 315 are all fixed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 311, the stomach 317 is fixed in the accommodating cavity 311 through the first fixing component 32, and the stomach 317 is provided with a communication The gastric cavity of the cardia and pylorus, the stomach 317 and the cardia communicate with the other end of the esophagus 312 .

Specifically, the head 2 can be rotated around the axis of the upper body 3, which can realize the inversion of the head 2 and the upper body 3 respectively, which can expand the applicable situation of the gastric lavage model. When the part 2 is rotated, the upper body part 3 remains supine. Specifically, the head part 2 can be fixedly connected to the upper body part 3 by means of clipping or the like. The transparent elastic layer of the stomach 317 can hold the same amount of liquid as the actual operation. The transparent silicone layer is a flexible material, and its surface can be set to a folded structure similar to the folds of the stomach surface to improve the simulation of the stomach. The transparency of the stomach material is convenient for The operator observes the poison 4 and fluid in the stomach cavity.

The gastric lavage model further includes a poisonous object 4 and a model base 5 arranged at the lower part of the upper body model 1 , and the poisonous object 4 is arranged in the stomach cavity.

Specifically, the poisonous object 4 can be made of colored plastic particles. The diameter of the particles is smaller than the diameter of the stomach tube 9. The particles can be sucked out of the stomach tube 9 and injected into the stomach. The color of the particles makes it easy to identify and diagnose the poison. Whether body 4 is exhausted.

After the stomach tube 9 is inserted into the stomach cavity through the nasal cavity and the esophagus 312, the liquid can be injected or sucked out of the stomach cavity through the stomach tube 9. When the liquid is sucked through the stomach tube 9, the poisonous object 4 can be removed from the stomach with the liquid. The upper body model 1 is aspirated from the stomach cavity.

The gastric lavage model of the invention can not only practice the operation of intubation and extubation, but also complete the operation of liquid injection and extraction, so that the operator can simulate the complete operation of gastric lavage and realize the teaching goal.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the gastric lavage model further includes a controller, an intestinal tract 33, a drainage bag 34 and a control button 51: the controller is set inside the model base 5; the control button 51 is set on the model base 5. In the front part, the control button 51 is signally connected to the controller; one end of the intestinal tract 33 is connected to the stomach 317 pylorus, and the intestinal tract 33 is provided with a two-position two-way valve 331, and the two-position two-way valve 331 is signally connected to the controller; the drainage bag 34 is provided with a drainage port, and the drainage port communicates with the other end of the intestinal tract 33 . Among them, the intestinal tract 33 is provided with a two-position two-way valve 331, so that the liquid in the stomach cavity can flow into the drainage bag 34 along the intestinal tract 33, and the liquid in the drainage bag 34 can irreversibly flow to the stomach cavity; the control button 51 can include a control It can also include the control button 51 of the two-position two-way valve 331. After the operation, the two-position two-way valve 331 can be controlled to open and close, and the residual liquid in the stomach cavity can be released.

Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 , the first fixing assembly 32 includes a first rod 321 , a second rod 322 , a third rod 323 , and a first housing 324 for accommodating the stomach 317 , so The first casing 324 adopts a cuboid structure, one end of the first rod 321 is vertically connected to the center of the bottom plate of the first casing 324, the other end of the first rod 321 is vertically connected to the upper surface of the model base 5, and the second One end of the rod 322 is vertically connected to the center of the right side plate of the first housing 324 , the other end of the second rod 322 is connected to the right side wall of the upper body 3 , and one end of the third rod 323 is vertically connected to the first housing 324 At the center of the rear side plate, the other end of the third rod 323 is connected to the rear side wall of the upper body 3 , the top plate of the first shell 324 is provided with an esophagus hole 325 for inserting the esophagus 312 , and the left side plate of the cuboid is provided with an esophagus hole 325 . The first drainage hole 326 is used to pass through the intestinal tract 33. The first fixing component enables the first housing 324 to be firmly connected to the accommodating cavity 311, and can be adapted to different lying positions of the upper body model 1. pressure capacity.

Further, the inner wall of the bottom plate of the first casing 324 and the inner wall of the rear side plate are provided with a circular arc transition; the inner wall of the bottom plate of the first casing 324 is provided with a pressure sensor, and the upper body model can be obtained through the positive pressure value detected by the pressure sensor. 1 The weight of the stomach 317 when lying on the back; the inner wall of the left side panel and the inner wall of the right side panel of the first shell 324 are provided with pressure sensors, through which the pressure sensor can detect and obtain the upper body model 1 When lying on the left side or the right side of the stomach the weight of the stomach part 317; the inner wall of the rear side plate of the first shell 324 is provided with a pressure sensor, through which the pressure sensor can detect and obtain the weight of the stomach part 317 when the upper body model 1 is lying flat; A pressure sensor is provided at the arc transition part, through which the weight of the stomach 317 of the upper body model 1 can be detected and obtained; the front part of the model base 5 is provided with an alarm 52, the controller and the alarm 52 , Several of the pressure sensors are connected with signals, and several pressure sensors can detect multiple pressure values. The controller compares the maximum value of the multiple pressure values collected by the multiple pressure sensors with the preset pressure value. When the pressure When the maximum value of the values is greater than the preset pressure value, the alarm 52 sends out an alarm signal, prompting the operator to pay attention to the liquid injection operation and to stop continuing to inject liquid. Preferably, the alarm 52 may adopt devices such as signal lights, buzzers and the like.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , the gastric lavage model further includes a second fixing component 35 , and the second fixing component 35 includes a fourth rod 351 , a fifth rod 352 , and a sixth rod 353 for The second casing 354 for accommodating the drainage bag 34 is of a rectangular parallelepiped structure. One end of the fourth rod 351 is vertically connected to the center of the bottom plate of the second casing 354 , and the fourth rod 351 has another end. One end of the fifth rod 352 is vertically connected to the upper surface of the model base 5 , one end of the fifth rod 352 is vertically connected to the center of the left side plate of the second shell 354 , and the other end of the fifth rod 352 is connected to the left side wall of the upper body 3 . One end of the six rods 353 is vertically connected to the central position of the rear side plate of the second casing 354 , the other end of the sixth rod 353 is connected to the rear side wall of the upper body 3 , and the top plate of the second casing 354 is provided with a second drainage hole 355 , used to pass through the intestinal tract 33 , the second fixing component 35 enables the second housing 354 to be firmly connected to the accommodating cavity 311 , can be adapted to different lying positions of the upper body model 1 , and has a strong pressure bearing capacity . The front plate of the second casing 354 is rotatably connected to the front of the second casing 354 for opening and closing the second casing 354 so as to facilitate the replacement of the drainage bag 34 .

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 5 , and FIG. 6 , a first connecting device 6 is provided directly behind the head 2 , and the first connecting device 6 includes a first universal joint 61 and a first Mounting seat 62, the first universal joint 61 is connected directly behind the head 2 and the first mounting seat 62; the back of the upper body 3 is provided with the same second connection as the first connecting device 6 The device 7, the first connecting device 6 and the second connecting device are all arranged on the middle section of the upper body model in the height direction, so that the adjustment of the lying angle of the upper body model 1 is more flexible and convenient.

The gastric lavage model further includes a base 8, the base 8 includes a bottom plate 81, and a first bracket 82 is provided on the bottom plate 81 for connecting the bottom plate 81 and the first connecting device 6, the first bracket 82 It includes a first vertical rod and a first corrugated pipe 823 arranged in the vertical direction, the first vertical rod is vertically arranged on the bottom plate 81, and the upper end of the first vertical rod is provided with the lower end of the first corrugated pipe 823 , the first mounting seat 62 is installed on the upper end of the first corrugated pipe 823; the second bracket 83 is used to connect the bottom plate 81 and the second connecting device 7, and the second bracket 83 includes a vertical A second vertical rod 831 and a second corrugated tube 832, the second vertical rod 831 is vertically disposed on the bottom plate 81, the upper end of the second vertical rod 831 is provided with the lower end of the second corrugated pipe 832, the first The second connecting device 7 is installed on the upper end of a corrugated pipe 823, and the upper body model 1 can be adjusted to lie on the left side or the right side by bending the first corrugated pipe 823 and the second corrugated pipe 832 to the same side, and the design is firmly fixed , easy to operate. The bottom plate 81 is provided with a roller 833, so that the base 8 can be easily moved and used.

Further, the bottom of the first mounting seat 62 is provided with a first snap, the upper end of the first corrugated tube 823 is provided with a first snap slot matching the first snap, and the first corrugated tube 823 passes through the The first buckle is engaged with the first slot to connect to the first mounting seat 62 ; the bottom of the second connecting device 7 is provided with a second buckle, and the upper end of the second bellows 832 is provided with a connection with the first mounting base 62 . Two snap-matched second slots, the second bellows 832 is connected to the second connecting device 7 by engaging the second snaps with the second slots, so that the upper body model 1 can be easily attached to and detached from the base 8 , The upper body model 1 can be used alone or installed on the base 8 for use.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 6 , the first vertical rod adopts a hydraulic cylinder 821 , and the upper end of the piston rod 822 of the hydraulic cylinder 821 is provided with the first bellows 823 . The height of the head 2 can be adjusted by extending or retracting the piston rod 822 of the hydraulic cylinder 821 , so that the upper body model 1 can be adjusted to be semi-recumbent or lying flat, so that the upper body model 1 can be adapted to different operation needs.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a gastric lavage training method, which is applied to the multifunctional gastric lavage model described in any of the foregoing embodiments, including the following steps:

Assess the patient's basic vital characteristics and poisoning manifestations;

According to the needs of the gastric lavage operation, prepare the operation items, connect the operation pipeline, and adjust the upper body model 1 to lie on the back, on the left side, on the right side, or semi-recumbent. Specifically, the operating items include automatic gastric lavage machine, gastric lavage liquid, gastric tube, etc. The upper body model 1 can be adjusted to lie on the left side or the right side by bending the first bellows 823 and the second bellows 832 to the same side; The height of the head 2 can be adjusted by extending or retracting the piston rod 822 of the hydraulic cylinder 821 , so that the upper body model 1 can be adjusted to be semi-recumbent or lying flat, so that the upper body model 1 can be adapted to the needs of different gastric lavage operations.

The intubation operation is performed, the insertion position of the gastric tube 9 is determined, and the gastric tube 9 is fixed. When intubating to determine the position of the gastric tube 9, common operation methods can be used, such as withdrawing gastric juice, air bubble method, listening to air and passing water method, etc.

Perform gastric lavage operation, extract the stomach contents including the poisonous object 4 in the stomach 317, and then inject and aspirate the liquid repeatedly. The liquid injected each time cannot exceed 500ml. After reaching the controller, the controller controls the alarm to send out a prompt signal; at the same time, observe whether the injection volume of the gastric lavage solution and the suction volume are balanced, and observe the color of the extracted liquid.

After gastric lavage, the two-position two-way valve 331 is opened through the control operation button, the residual liquid in the stomach is released, the gastric tube is pulled out, the operation items are cleaned and disinfected, and the gastric lavage process is recorded.

The "front", "rear", "left" and "right" in the present invention are all based on the upper body model, "front" is the front of the upper body model, "rear" is the back of the upper body model, and "left" is the left side of the upper body model side, "right" is the right side of the upper body model.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, only for the purpose of It is for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Invention The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. A multifunctional gastric lavage model, including an upper body model, the upper body model includes a head and an upper body, the upper body includes a accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is provided with an esophagus, a heart, a lung, a liver, and a stomach, and the upper body is There is an opening in front of the accommodating cavity to facilitate observation of the interior of the accommodating cavity. The head is rotatably arranged on the upper part of the upper body, and a first connection device is arranged directly behind the head. The first connection device includes a first universal joint and a first mounting seat, and the first universal joint is connected to the head. The back of the upper body part is provided with the same second connection device as the first connection device, and the first connection device and the second connection device are both arranged in On the middle section in the height direction of the upper body model; one end of the esophagus is connected to the nasal cavity, the inner diameter of the esophagus is adapted to the outer diameter of the stomach tube, the heart, lungs and liver are all fixed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the stomach is fixed by the first The component is fixed in the accommodating cavity, the stomach is provided with a stomach cavity connecting the cardia and the pylorus, and the gastric cardia is connected to the other end of the esophagus; The gastric lavage model further includes a poisonous object and a model base arranged at the lower part of the upper body model, and the poisonous object is arranged in the stomach cavity; The gastric lavage model further includes a base, the base includes a bottom plate, and a first bracket is arranged on the bottom plate for connecting the bottom plate and the first connecting device, and the first bracket includes a first bracket arranged along the vertical direction. a vertical rod and a first corrugated pipe, the first vertical rod is vertically arranged on the bottom plate, the upper end of the first vertical rod is provided with the lower end of the first corrugated pipe, the first vertical rod adopts a hydraulic cylinder, The upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with the first bellows, and the upper end of the first bellows is installed with the first mounting seat; the second bracket is used for connecting the bottom plate and the second connecting device, the The second bracket includes a second vertical rod and a second corrugated pipe arranged in the vertical direction, the second vertical rod is vertically arranged on the bottom plate, and the upper end of the second vertical rod is provided with the lower end of the second corrugated pipe , the second connecting device is installed on the upper end of the second bellows; After the gastric tube is inserted into the stomach cavity through the nasal cavity and the esophagus, the liquid can be injected into or sucked out of the stomach cavity through the gastric tube. Suck out the upper body model. 2. The multifunctional gastric lavage model according to claim 1, wherein the gastric lavage model further comprises: a controller, located inside the model base; a control button, located at the front of the model base, and the control button is signally connected to the controller; an intestinal tract, one end of which is connected to the pylorus of the stomach, a two-position two-way valve is arranged in the intestinal tract, and the two-position two-way valve is signally connected to the controller; The drainage bag is provided with a drainage port, and the drainage port communicates with the other end of the intestinal tract. 3. The multifunctional gastric lavage model according to claim 2, wherein the first fixing component comprises a first rod, a second rod, a third rod, and a first shell for accommodating the stomach, The first shell adopts a cuboid structure, one end of the first rod is vertically connected to the central position of the bottom plate of the first shell, the other end of the first rod is vertically connected to the upper surface of the model base, and one end of the second rod is vertically connected The central position of the right side plate of the first casing, the other end of the second rod is connected to the right side wall of the upper body, one end of the third rod is vertically connected to the central position of the rear side plate of the first casing, and the third rod is connected to the central position of the rear side plate of the first casing. The other end of the rod is connected to the rear side wall of the upper body, the top plate of the first casing is provided with an esophagus hole for inserting into the esophagus, and the left side plate of the cuboid is provided with a first drainage hole for passing through the intestinal tract. 4. The multifunctional gastric lavage model according to claim 3, wherein the inner wall of the bottom plate of the first shell and the inner wall of the rear side plate are provided with arc transitions; The inner wall of the bottom plate of the first shell, the inner wall of the left side plate, the inner wall of the right side plate, the inner wall of the rear side plate and the arc transition part are all provided with pressure sensors, which are used to detect the pressure of the stomach on the pressure sensor; The front part of the model base is provided with an alarm, and the controller is signally connected to the alarm and several pressure sensors. 5. The multifunctional gastric lavage model according to claim 2, wherein the gastric lavage model further comprises a second fixing component, the second fixing component comprising a fourth rod, a fifth rod, a sixth rod, A second casing for accommodating a drainage bag, the second casing adopts a cuboid structure, one end of the fourth rod is vertically connected to the center of the bottom plate of the second casing, and the other end of the fourth rod is vertically connected to the model On the upper surface of the base, one end of the fifth rod is vertically connected to the center of the left side plate of the second shell, the other end of the fifth rod is connected to the left side wall of the upper body, and one end of the sixth rod is vertically connected to the second At the central position of the rear side plate of the casing, the other end of the sixth rod is connected to the rear side wall of the upper body, and the second casing top plate is provided with a second drainage hole for passing through the intestinal tract. 6 . The multifunctional gastric lavage model according to claim 1 , wherein the poisonous objects are plastic particles with color, and the diameter of the particles is smaller than the diameter of the gastric tube. 7 . 7 . The multifunctional gastric lavage model according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the first mounting seat is provided with a first buckle, and the upper end of the first bellows is provided with a matching with the first buckle. 8 . The first card slot of the first bellows, the first bellows is connected to the first mounting seat through the first buckle and the first card slot; the bottom of the second connecting device is provided with a second buckle, the The upper end of the second bellows is provided with a second slot matching the second buckle, and the second bellows is connected to the second connecting device by engaging the second slot with the second buckle. 8. A gastric lavage training method, characterized in that, applied to the multifunctional gastric lavage model described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: Assess the patient's basic vital characteristics and poisoning manifestations; According to the needs of gastric lavage operation, prepare the operation items, connect the operation pipeline, and adjust the upper body model to be supine or left side or right side or semi-recumbent; Perform intubation, determine the insertion position of the gastric tube, and fix the gastric tube; Perform gastric lavage operation, extract the stomach contents including poisonous objects in the stomach, and then inject and aspirate the liquid. The liquid injected each time cannot exceed 500ml. If there is too much liquid in the stomach, the pressure sensor will send a detection signal to the controller. After that, the controller controls the alarm to send out a prompt signal; at the same time, observe whether the injection volume of the gastric lavage solution and the suction volume are balanced, and observe the color of the extracted liquid; After gastric lavage, open the two-position two-way valve through the control operation button, release the residual liquid in the stomach, pull out the gastric tube, clean and disinfect the operation items, and record the gastric lavage process.

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