CN112557426A - X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof. The data acquisition controller receives the signal U of the X-ray detector0，UiAnd the signal Q measured by the static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd calculating the coal quality parameter heat value Q according to the measured mathematical modelMeasuringAsh AMeasuringMoisture MMeasuringCarbon CMeasuring. The patent also discloses a measuring method thereof. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument can be applied to various fields of coal production, processing and utilization, and realizes the off-line rapid measurement and on-line real-time measurement of coal in the production process. It has important significance for improving the quality of coal products, improving the utilization rate and combustion efficiency of coal and reducing emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to off-line and on-line measurement of coal quality parameters and coal heat values, in particular to measurement of the coal quality parameters and the heat values by adopting an X-ray technology.
Background
China is a large coal production country, the yield accounts for the first place in the world, coal is one of main energy sources in China, the pattern taking coal as the main energy source is difficult to change in a short period, the coal in China is wide in distribution, multiple in production places, multiple in coal types and large in coal quality change, a lot of difficulties are brought to the production, processing and utilization of coal, the rapid detection and online detection of coal quality parameters can provide necessary coal quality parameter data for the automatic control of multiple fields such as coal production, processing and utilization, and the method has important significance for improving the product quality, finely controlling, improving the coal utilization rate, reducing the consumption and reducing the pollution discharge amount.
In the nineties of the last century, coal quality parameter online detection work is carried out successively in countries all over the world, such as CQM, ECA and 1812C, UR neutron activation method coal quality analysis series products produced in the United states, COALSA3500 dual-energy gamma-ray ash online detector produced in Australia, LB400 dual-energy gamma-ray type produced in Germany and dual-energy gamma-ray type carbon powder online detection of Qinghua university, and coal moisture measurement by microwave method is adopted until the current position, and the coal quality parameter by X-ray method is not seen: and measuring various coal parameters such as heat value, ash content, moisture, carbon and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows:
1. according to the coal quality industrial analysis method and the interaction principle of rays and substances, the functional relation between the coal quality parameters and X-ray measurement is established, and the coal quality parameters (heat value, ash content, moisture content and carbon) to X are derivediThe mathematical model of (2);
2. establishing a database of coal quality parameters and measurement parameters, and automatically tracking and correcting the measurement parameters to obtain a measurement parameter KQ、KA、KM、KCStatic measurement parameter Q along with coal qualitySign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardThe change is caused, and the measurement problem of large change of various coal types and coal quality parameters is solved;
3. the measuring method solves the problems of static (off-line) rapid measurement and real-time on-line measurement of the coal quality parameters.
The coal quality industrial analysis method gives that coal is composed of moisture, ash, carbon and volatile components, and also indicates the mass percentage relationship of the components: m + A + C + V is 1, and the 'law of interaction between substance and ray' gives the substance how much X-ray is absorbed by the substance and the mass of the substance and the ray attenuation coefficient mu of the substanceρAccording to the principle of interaction between the substance and the ray, the X-ray measurement of the coal to be measured has the following conditions:
s is the measurement area when the coal to be measured is measured by X-ray;
if the total weight of the coal to be detected is WGeneral assemblyThen, there are:
1) the volatile component is gas with small weight and muRho waveAnd is also small and negligible for X-ray absorption.
2) The amount of X-ray absorption of the coal to be measured is related to the weight W of water constituting the coalWater (W)Ash weight WAsh ofCarbon weight WCarbon (C)Related or related to M% moisture, A% ash and C% char per unit mass, i.e. Xi＝f(WWater (W)、WAsh of、WCarbon (C)) Or XiFunctional relationship of f (M%, a%, C%).
Thereby measuring the coal quality parameter Q of the coal sample by using the static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、MSign board、ASign board、CSign board、 VSign boardAs standard value pair XiThe calibrated measurement parameter K can be obtainedQ、KM、KA、KCThe mathematical model for measurement is:
Qmeasuring＝KQ×QMeter
QMeter＝C0-K1×MMeasuring-K2×AMeasuring-K3×VSign board
In the formula, KQ、KM、KA、KC-calibrating the coefficients;
C0、K1、K2、K3-calculating formula coefficients for the heat value;
its measurement parameter KQ、KM、KA、KCIs to automatically track QSign board、MSign board、ASign board、CSign boardAnd is accompanied by QSign board、MSign board、ASign board、CSign boardAnd changes accordingly.
The invention is technically characterized in that four coal quality parameters Q are measured simultaneously by using an X-ray source and an X-ray detectorMeasuring、MMeasuring、AMeasuring、CMeasuringAnd four measurement parameters K of four coal quality parametersQ、KM、KA、KCIs following QSign board、MSign board、ASign board、CSign boardAnd may vary.
An X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
the collecting device is used for collecting the coal to be measured and sending the coal to be measured to the measuring device;
the measuring device is used for conveying the coal to be measured to the X-ray measuring area;
an X-ray source for emitting X-rays;
an X-ray detector for receiving X-rays and converting the X-rays into an electrical signal U0，UiThe X-ray source and the X-ray detector form an X-ray measuring area;
the discharging mechanism is used for discharging the coal to be detected;
the instrument shell and the bracket are used for installing each component;
a data acquisition controller for receiving the X-ray detector signal U0，UiAnd receiving the Q measured by the static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardA signal;
the data acquisition controller is based on the signal U0，UiAnd QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardCalculating one or more coal quality parameters of the coal according to the following mathematical model:
ash content
Moisture content
Carbon (C)
Calorific value QMeasuring＝KQ×QMeter…………(4)
Q thereofMeter＝C0-K1×AMeasuring-K2×MMeasuring-K3×VSign board…………(5)
In the formula of U0-a material free X-ray detector output signal;
Ui-the X-ray detector outputs a signal in the presence of the material to be measured;
KA、KM、KC、KQ-a calibration factor or measurement parameter;
C0、K1、K2、K3-calorific value calculation formula coefficients.
The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof are characterized in that the calibration coefficient KA、KM、KC、KQIs based on the coal quality parameter Q measured by a static detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd to XiDetermined by calibration and automatically tracking Q using a database and data processing methodSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardIs automatically corrected for the change of KA、KM、KC、KQValue KA、KM、KC、KQValue followsQSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd changes accordingly.
The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof are characterized in that the coefficient C0、K1、K2、K3Determining or utilizing Q in database according to calculation formula of heat value of coalSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd a data processing method.
The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof are characterized in that the measuring device is a conveyor, a measuring tube or a measuring cup; the collecting device is a coal sample sampler or a sampling conveyor or a blanking hopper; the discharging device is a conveyor or a discharger or a gate.
The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof are characterized in that the tube voltage of the X-ray source is less than 100KV, and the tube current is less than 1 mA; the X-ray detector is a scintillation counter or an ionization chamber or a semiconductor detector or a counting tube.
The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof are characterized in that the measuring method comprises the following steps:
Step 2-1, when no coal to be measured exists, measuring zero point U0；
Data acquisition control receiving X-ray detector output signal U when no coal to be measured existsiAnd calculate out
n1-the number of acquisitions;
step 2-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
data acquisition controller acquisition detectorSignal UiAnd calculate out
n2Measuring time, randomly collecting a coal sample of the measured coal while measuring, and sealing the collected coal sample for measurement in a detection chamber;
step 2-3, measuring the parameter Q of the collected coal sample by adopting a static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、ASign boardAnd CSign board、 MSign board、VSign boardAnd input it into the data acquisition controller;
step 2-4, the data acquisition controller is used for acquiring a signal U according to the signal U0，UiCalculate out
Then according to QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、CSign boardTo XiCalibrating to obtain calibration data, and storing the calibration data into a database;
step 2-5, repeating the step 2-4 for N times, storing the calibration data of the N times in the database, and calculating the coefficient K by the data acquisition controller by adopting a data processing method according to the N times of data stored in the databaseA、KM、 KCAnd KQAnd is combined with KA、KM、KC、KQStoring the measured parameters into a database;
step 3-1, measuring zero point U when no coal to be measured exists0；
Data acquisition control acquisition X-ray detector output signal UiAnd calculate out
n1-the number of acquisitions;
step 3-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
the data acquisition controller acquires signals U of the X-ray detectoriAnd calculate
n2-the number of acquisitions of the measurement time;
step 3-3, the data acquisition controller is according to U0，UiCalculate out
And taking out the measured parameter K from the databaseA、KM、KC、KQAnd calculating by a heat value calculation formula:
Ameasuring＝KA×Xi
MMeasuring＝KM×Xi
CMeasuring＝KC×Xi
QMeasuring＝KQ×QMeter
QMeter＝C0-K1×MMeasuring-K2×AMeasuring-K3×VSign board
The coal quality parameter value of a measurement time is given;
3-4, repeating the steps 3-2 and 3-3, continuously measuring, and giving detection data of the coal quality parameters in real time;
and 3-5, calibrating the inspection instrument at any time and inspecting the measurement accuracy.
The coal sample of the coal to be measured can be collected at any time in the measuring process.
Measuring Q of coal sample by adopting coal quality parameter static detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd input it to a data acquisition controller according to the newly given QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd calculating new measurement parameter K from calibrated historical data stored in databaseA、KM、KC、KQStoring into a database to implement KA、KM、KC、KQFollow QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd changes accordingly.
The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, carbon and moisture measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof can be applied to various fields of coal production, processing and utilization, and can realize off-line rapid measurement of coal quality parameters and on-line measurement in the production process of coal production, processing and utilization as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon online measuring instrument applied to a production field.
1-1 feeding belt conveyor (user field device);
1-2 material receiving hoppers;
1-1, 1-2 form the collecting device;
2-a user production site belt conveyor, i.e. a measuring device;
3-an X-ray source;
4-X-ray detectors;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely the coal to be detected;
10-laser thickness gauge.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an off-line measuring instrument for the calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon content of coal by X-ray.
1-a material receiving hopper which forms a material collecting device together with manual feeding;
2-measuring tube, i.e. measuring device;
3-an X-ray source;
a 4X-ray detector;
5-a gate, i.e. a discharge device;
6-instrument housing and support;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely the coal to be detected;
11-crusher.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of online measurement by using a weighted hammer sampler for sampling.
1-1 weighted sampler (consumer field device);
1-2 material receiving hoppers;
1-1, 1-2 form a collecting device;
2-belt conveyor, i.e. measuring device;
3-an X-ray source;
4-X-ray detectors;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely the coal to be detected;
10-angular thickness gauge.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of online measurement by sampling of a screw conveyor.
1-1 taking a material spiral conveyer;
1-2 material receiving hoppers;
1-1, 1-2 form the collecting device;
2-measuring tube, i.e. measuring device;
3-an X-ray source;
4-X-ray detectors;
5-a discharge screw conveyor, i.e. a discharge device;
6-instrument housing and support;
7-a data acquisition controller;
8-material, namely the coal to be detected;
13-discharging pipe (powder process system equipment of power plant)
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument (which is called as a coal quality parameter measuring instrument for short) which can be applied to off-line and on-line measurement of production process of coal production, processing and utilization, and because the production process of each user uses different equipment and condition values, the structural form of a collecting device and a measuring device of the measuring instrument is changed along with different field conditions so as to adapt to the measurement requirements of each field, but the main function of the measuring instrument is to send the coal to be measured to an X-ray measuring area invariable no matter how the measuring instrument is changed, the measuring method is invariable, application examples of different fields are shown in figures 1-4, and patent implementation is further explained by combining the figures.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a coal quality parameter measuring instrument installed on a belt conveyor of a user production site, wherein the belt conveyor of the user is used as the coal quality parameter measuring instrument "The measuring device comprises a front conveyor (1-1) of a user and a hopper (1-2) of the measuring instrument, wherein an X-ray source and an X-ray detector are arranged above and below a belt conveyor, and a laser thickness gauge is arranged above the belt conveyor and used for measuring the thickness of coal conveyed by the belt conveyor so as to measure the X-ray thicknessiCorrecting, and receiving signal U of X-ray detector by data acquisition controlleriAnd Q measured by static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd calculating Q according to the measured mathematical modelMeasuring、AMeasuring、MMeasuring、CMeasuring。
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the off-line rapid measurement of the coal quality parameter measuring instrument. Survey buret as measuring device, X ray source, X ray detector install in surveying buret both sides, the gate is as discharge apparatus, the gate is closed during the measurement, X ray source-X ray detector measures surveying intraductal surveyed coal of survey, after the measurement is accomplished, open the gate and unload surveyed coal, if the surveyed coal sample granularity of manual collection is uneven or too big, "coal quality parameter measurement appearance" still can set up a breaker (11), break earlier with the coal sample of gathering, the manual work is poured into "coal quality parameter measurement appearance" again and is measured with broken coal sample.
The measuring instrument has short measuring time (1-3 minutes), can guide the control of the production process in time, and can also save the sample preparation process of the coal quality parameter measurement of the existing burning method, thereby saving time, manpower and material resources.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coal quality parameter measuring instrument for sampling and measuring coal samples from coal conveyed by a belt conveyor in the production process of users, wherein a heavy hammer type sampler is commonly used in the production, processing and utilization processes of coal in the prior art, the coal samples are collected from the coal conveyed by the belt conveyor, and a static coal quality parameter detector is used for measuring QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign board. The coal quality parameter measuring instrument can replace a static coal quality parameter detector, is arranged behind a heavy hammer type sampler, receives a coal sample of the sampler and carries out rapid measurement.
In the figure, a belt conveyor (2) is taken as a measuring device, a heavy hammer type sampler (1-1) and a hopper (1-2) are taken as collecting devices, an angular displacement thickness gauge (10) is arranged above the belt conveyor and used for measuring the thickness of the coal to be measured, if the heavy hammer type sampler collects the coal sample and the granularity is too large or uneven, a crusher can be arranged between the heavy hammer type sampler and the hopper to crush the coal sample, and the crushed coal sample enters a coal quality parameter measuring instrument to be detected.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coal quality parameter measuring instrument applied to a coal powder preparation system of a coal-fired power plant, wherein the coal quality parameter measuring instrument is installed at a discharge pipe (13) in front of a coal feeder of a coal powder preparation system and is used for measuring coal sampling in the discharge pipe.
The sampling screw conveyor (1-1) and the hopper (1-2) form a collecting device, and if the granularity of the fire coal is too large, a crusher can be arranged between the sampling screw conveyor and the hopper to crush the coal sample; the measuring tube (2) is used as a measuring device, and the X-ray source (3) and the X-ray detector (4) are arranged on two sides of the measuring tube; the discharging screw conveyor (5) is used as a discharging device, and the coal quality parameter measuring instrument can measure coal quality parameters of coal fired by the discharging pipe in real time, and realizes on-line measurement of coal heat and control of coal powder heat entering a furnace together with the coal weight measured by a coal feeder of coal powder preparation system equipment of an electric power plant, thereby having important significance on boiler combustion stability, combustion efficiency improvement and discharge reduction.
Those skilled in the art can make various embodiments according to the technical features of the patent and different conditions of the user site, and measure one or more coal quality parameters, but these embodiments are all specific embodiments of the technical features of the patent and belong to the protection scope of the patent.
Claims (6)
1. An X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture and carbon measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
the collecting device is used for collecting the coal to be measured and sending the coal to be measured to the measuring device;
the measuring device is used for conveying the coal to be measured to the X-ray measuring area;
an X-ray source for emitting X-rays;
an X-ray detector for receiving X-rays and converting the X-rays into an electrical signal U0，UiThe X-ray source and the X-ray detector form an X-ray measuring area;
the discharging mechanism is used for discharging the coal to be detected;
the instrument shell and the bracket are used for installing each component;
a data acquisition controller for receiving the X-ray detector signal U0，UiAnd receiving the Q measured by the static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardA signal;
the data acquisition controller is based on the signal U0，UiAnd QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardOne or more coal quality parameters are calculated according to the following mathematical model:
calorific value QMeasuring＝KQ×QMeter…………(4)
Q thereofMeter＝C0-K1×AMeasuring-K2×MMeasuring-K3X V Label … … … … (5)
In the formula of U0-a material free X-ray detector output signal;
Ui-the X-ray detector outputs a signal in the presence of the material to be measured;
KA、KM、KC、KQ-a calibration factor or measurement parameter;
C0、K1、K2、K3-calorific value calculation formula coefficients.
2. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calibration coefficient K isA、KM、KC、KQIs based on the coal quality parameter Q measured by a static detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd to XiDetermined by calibration and automatically tracking Q using a database and data processing methodSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardIs automatically corrected for the change of KA、KM、KC、KQValue KA、KM、KC、KQValue dependent on QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd changes accordingly.
3. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and char measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient C is0、K1、K2、K3Determining or utilizing Q in database according to calculation formula of heat value of coalSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd a data processing method.
4. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and char measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device is a conveyor or a measuring tube or a measuring cup; the collecting device is a coal sample sampler or a sampling conveyor or a blanking hopper; the discharging device is a conveyor or a discharger or a gate.
5. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and carbon measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tube voltage of the X-ray source is less than 100KV, and the tube current is less than 1 mA; the X-ray detector is a scintillation counter or an ionization chamber or a semiconductor detector or a counting tube.
6. The X-ray coal calorific value, ash content, moisture content and char measuring instrument and the measuring method thereof according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the measuring method comprises the steps of:
step 1, initializing an instrument, and inputting various constants and heat value calculation formulas;
step 2, calibrating KA、KM、KC、KQ；
Step 2-1, when no coal to be measured exists, measuring zero point U0；
Data acquisition control receiving X-ray detector output signal U when no coal to be measured existsiAnd calculate out
n1-the number of acquisitions;
step 2-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
the data acquisition controller acquires a detector signal UiAnd calculate out
n2Measuring time, randomly collecting a coal sample of the measured coal while measuring, and sealing the collected coal sample for measurement in a detection chamber;
step 2-3, measuring the parameter Q of the collected coal sample by adopting a static coal quality parameter detectorSign board、ASign boardAnd CSign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd input it into the data acquisition controller;
step 2-4, the data acquisition controller is used for acquiring a signal U according to the signal U0，UiCalculate out
Then according to QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、CSign boardTo XiCalibrating to obtain a standardDetermining data, and storing the calibration data into a database;
step 2-5, repeating the step 2-4 for N times, storing the calibration data of the N times in the database, and calculating the coefficient K by the data acquisition controller by adopting a data processing method according to the N times of data stored in the databaseA、KM、KCAnd KQAnd is combined with KA、KM、KC、KQStoring the measured parameters into a database;
step 3, measurement;
step 3-1, measuring zero point U when no coal to be measured exists0；
Data acquisition control acquisition X-ray detector output signal UiAnd calculate out
n1-the number of acquisitions;
step 3-2, inputting the coal to be measured for measurement;
the data acquisition controller acquires signals U of the X-ray detectoriAnd calculate
n2-the number of acquisitions of the measurement time;
step 3-3, the data acquisition controller is according to U0，UiCalculate out
And taking out the measured parameter K from the databaseA、KM、KC、KQAnd calculating by a heat value calculation formula:
Ameasuring＝KA×Xi
MMeasuring＝KM×Xi
CMeasuring＝KC×Xi
QMeasuring＝KQ×QMeter
QMeter＝C0-K1×MMeasuring-K2×AMeasuring-K3×VSign board
The coal quality parameter value of a measurement time is given;
3-4, repeating the steps 3-2 and 3-3, continuously measuring, and giving detection data of the coal quality parameters in real time;
step 3-5, calibrating the inspection instrument and inspecting the measurement accuracy at any time;
the coal sample of the coal to be measured can be collected at any time in the measuring process;
measuring Q of coal sample by adopting coal quality parameter static detectorSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd input it to a data acquisition controller according to the newly given QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd calculating new measurement parameter K from calibrated historical data stored in databaseA、KM、KC、KQStore in database to realize KA、KM、KC、KQFollow QSign board、ASign board、MSign board、VSign boardAnd changes accordingly.
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