CN112539053A - Simulation device and simulation method for wellhead subsidence in frozen soil layer drilling process - Google Patents
Simulation device and simulation method for wellhead subsidence in frozen soil layer drilling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112539053A CN112539053A CN201910891814.1A CN201910891814A CN112539053A CN 112539053 A CN112539053 A CN 112539053A CN 201910891814 A CN201910891814 A CN 201910891814A CN 112539053 A CN112539053 A CN 112539053A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/008—Drilling ice or a formation covered by ice
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种冻土层钻井过程井口下沉的模拟装置及模拟方法，该模拟装置包括：低温恒温实验箱，内部铺设预设含水率的砂土/粘土，用于形成冻土模拟层；双层管，包括外管以及位于所述外管内的内管，所述外管插入到所述低温恒温试验箱内；钻井液循环组件，与所述双层管相连，用于使预设温度的钻井液在所述双层管内循环；钻井驱动组件，与所述内管相连，用于带动所述内管上下运动和/或转动；位移传感器，用于监测外管的位移。本发明能够模拟极地冻土带钻井过程中由于冻土层融化导致的井口下沉过程，并测量不同井口载荷、钻井液温度、冻土土质参数对井口下沉位移的影响。
The invention provides a simulation device and simulation method for wellhead subsidence during drilling in frozen soil layer. The simulation device includes: a low temperature and constant temperature experimental box, inside which sand/clay with preset moisture content is laid to form a frozen soil simulation layer ; a double-layer pipe, including an outer pipe and an inner pipe located in the outer pipe, the outer pipe is inserted into the low-temperature constant temperature test chamber; a drilling fluid circulation assembly, connected with the double-layer pipe, is used to make the preset The warm drilling fluid circulates in the double-layer pipe; the drilling driving component is connected with the inner pipe, and is used for driving the inner pipe to move up and down and/or rotate; the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the displacement of the outer pipe. The invention can simulate the wellhead subsidence process caused by permafrost layer thawing during drilling in polar permafrost zone, and measure the influence of different wellhead loads, drilling fluid temperature and frozen soil quality parameters on the wellhead subsidence displacement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the petroleum drilling industry, and particularly relates to a simulation device and a simulation method for wellhead subsidence in a frozen soil layer drilling process.
Background
The shallow stratum of the arctic and subarctic cryogenic regions is widely distributed with a large area of permafrost, and the permafrost covers the land and the sea and has a thickness of tens of meters to hundreds of meters. However, the drilling of the frozen soil layer is difficult and serious, and one important problem is that in the drilling process, because the circulating media such as drilling fluid and the like exchange heat with the stratum and the cutting friction between the drill bit and the stratum generates heat, pore ice in the frozen soil is melted, and the bearing capacity of the frozen soil is greatly reduced. In 2008-2010, a plurality of test wells (DK 1-DK 4 and MK 1-MK 2) are successively drilled in Qilian mountain wood and northeast desert river permafrost regions by the geological survey bureau of Chinese academy of sciences, and hot-melt collapse and settlement of the permafrost layers occur in the process of drilling a shallow stratum; yakushev at the ATC (extraction Technology conference) conference in 2015 mentions that the Zapolrynoye gas field on Russian Siberia caused the sinking of the well heads of some wells due to the melting of shallow frozen soil layers, and the sinking depth of the well heads was more than 3 m; researches on the bearing capacity and mechanical characteristics of frozen soil are mostly found in the field of building and road foundation design in cold regions, the researches mainly concern the stability of pile foundations or roadbed in a natural freeze-thaw state, the frozen soil layer in the natural freeze-thaw state is melted from top to bottom, the frozen soil layer around the whole shaft is melted in the drilling process, and the temperature change range is larger. The domestic research on the aspect of drilling the frozen soil layer is basically in a blank state.
Disclosure of Invention
Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a simulation device for wellhead subsidence in a frozen soil layer drilling process, which comprises:
the low-temperature constant-temperature experiment box is internally paved with sandy soil/clay with preset water content and used for forming a frozen soil simulation layer;
the double-layer pipe comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe positioned in the outer pipe, and the outer pipe is inserted into the low-temperature constant-temperature test chamber;
the drilling fluid circulating assembly is connected with the double-layer pipe and is used for circulating drilling fluid at a preset temperature in the double-layer pipe;
the drilling driving assembly is connected with the inner pipe and is used for driving the inner pipe to move up and down and/or rotate;
and the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the displacement of the outer pipe.
Optionally, the double-layer pipe comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe sleeved outside the inner pipe, a drilling fluid inlet is formed in the inner pipe, a drilling fluid return outlet is formed in the outer pipe, and the drilling fluid inlet is located above the drilling fluid return outlet.
Optionally, the drilling drive assembly comprises: servo motor and with the lifter that servo motor links to each other, one end of lifter with the inner tube links to each other.
Optionally, the simulation apparatus for wellhead subsidence in the frozen soil layer drilling process comprises an upper cover, the upper cover is arranged on the low-temperature constant-temperature experimental box, and the drilling driving assembly further comprises:
the two guide rails are vertically arranged on the upper cover;
and two ends of the pressing plate are respectively contacted with the two guide rails, and the pressing plate is connected with the lifting rod.
Optionally, the simulation apparatus for wellhead subsidence in the permafrost drilling process further comprises: a vertical load applying member and a tension sensor; wherein:
one end of the vertical load applying member is connected with the servo motor, and the other end of the vertical load applying member is connected with the outer pipe and used for enabling the outer pipe to move;
the tension sensor is used for measuring the load applied by the vertical load applying component.
Optionally, at least one group of sensor queues is arranged on the side wall of the outer pipe, and each sensor queue is composed of a plurality of integrated sensors distributed along the axial direction of the outer pipe; the integrated sensor is formed by integrating at least two of a full-section load sensor, a soil pressure gauge and a side wall friction sensor.
Optionally, at least one group of pressure gauge queues is buried in the frozen soil simulation layer, and the distance between each pressure gauge queue and the side wall of the outer pipe is a first preset value.
The invention provides a method for simulating wellhead subsidence in a frozen soil layer drilling process, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, preparing a frozen soil simulation stratum in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box;
s2, performing drilling simulation in the frozen soil simulation stratum;
and S3, monitoring wellhead sinking in the drilling process.
Optionally, the step S2 includes:
applying a certain load to the outer pipe to enable the outer pipe to be inserted into the frozen soil simulation stratum;
controlling the inner pipe to move downwards in the outer pipe and rotate;
the inner tube circulates drilling fluid between the annulus of the inner and outer tubes during rotation and downward movement.
Optionally, the step S3 includes at least one of:
measuring the sinking amount of the wellhead by a displacement sensor;
and measuring the stress-strain change of the frozen soil simulation stratum through a sensor integrated on the pipe wall of the outer pipe and a pressure gauge embedded in the outer pipe.
The invention provides a wellhead subsidence simulation device and a wellhead subsidence simulation method in a frozen soil layer drilling process, which can simulate the wellhead subsidence process caused by the melting of a frozen soil layer in a polar frozen soil zone drilling process, and measure the influences of different wellhead loads, drilling fluid temperatures and frozen soil property parameters on wellhead subsidence displacement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wellhead subsidence simulation device in the permafrost drilling process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a drilling fluid circulation assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor on the wall of the outer pipe and a pressure gauge in the soil around the pile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along a-a of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a simulation device for wellhead subsidence in a frozen soil layer drilling process, which comprises: the device comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature test box 10, a double-layer pipe 20, a drilling drive assembly 30, a drilling fluid circulation assembly 40 and a displacement sensor 50.
The temperature in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box 10 can be controlled by a low-temperature constant-temperature water bath, the temperature control range is-15-90 ℃, and the control precision is 0.5 ℃. More specifically, the low-temperature constant-temperature test box 10 is externally wrapped by a water jacket 11, cold water circulation can be carried out in the water jacket 11, the temperature in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box 10 is controlled by controlling the temperature of cold water, the low-temperature constant-temperature test box 10 is used for simulating the low-temperature environment of the polar region frozen soil zone, sandy soil/clay with preset water content is paved in the test box during the experiment, and the simulated frozen soil stratum is manufactured by using water bath cooling. In this embodiment, the cold constant temperature test chamber 10 is a cylindrical container having an inner diameter of 0.5m, a height of 1.5m, and an effective volume of 295L. The low-temperature constant-temperature test box 10 is provided with an upper cover 12 matched with the opening end, and the upper cover 12 is provided with a through hole for the double-layer pipe 20 to pass through.
The double-layer pipe 20 is composed of an inner pipe 21 and an outer pipe 22 which are sleeved together and can be made of stainless steel, the outer pipe 22 is used for simulating a shaft, and the inner pipe 21 is used for simulating a drill rod. The inner pipe 21 is provided with a drilling fluid inlet, the outer pipe 22 is provided with a drilling fluid outlet, and the drilling fluid inlet is positioned above the drilling fluid outlet. The outer tube and the inner tube are independent of each other, and the movement of each other is not influenced by each other. The annulus between the inner and outer tubes provides a passage for the circulation of drilling fluid. Theoretically, drilling is to control the inner pipe to move downwards and rotate to break a soil layer to drill, the outer pipe is fixed, a channel which isolates an external stratum and provides a drilling fluid circulation is formed, therefore, in an experiment, the inner pipe needs to be made to simulate an on-site operation environment, the inner pipe needs to move downwards to contact the soil layer and circulate the drilling fluid, and in the process, as the frozen soil layer can be melted, the outer pipe needs to be monitored to be influenced or not to sink. Preferably, the bottom of the inner tube 22 is provided with a drill bit, and the drill bit is provided with a nozzle.
During the test, the outer pipe 22 for simulating the shaft is inserted into the low-temperature constant-temperature test chamber from the through hole of the upper cover 12, and the upper cover and the outer pipe are sealed by rubber.
The drilling drive assembly 30 includes a servo motor 31 and a lift rod 32 connected to the servo motor 31, one end of the lift rod 32 being connected to the inner tube 22. The inner tube can be turned and rotated downward by the servo motor 31. That is to say, the top of the inner tube can move up and down and rotate at a constant speed through the servo motor, and the inner tube and the outer tube move independently.
To prevent the inner tube from shifting during movement, the drill drive assembly further comprises: a guide rail 33 and a pressure plate 34. Wherein, the guide rails 33 are vertically arranged on the upper cover or at two sides of the low-temperature constant-temperature test chamber; the two ends of the pressing plate 34 are respectively contacted with the two guide tracks, and the pressing plate is connected with the lifting rod 32. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure plate 34 may be provided with a guide hole through which the lift lever 32 passes.
During the concrete implementation, this frozen soil layer drilling process well head sunk analogue means can further include: a vertical load applying member and tension sensor 51; wherein: one end of the vertical load applying member is connected to the servo motor 31 and the other end is connected to the outer tube 22 for moving the outer tube; the tension sensor is used for measuring the load applied by the vertical load applying member. The outer pipe can be used for simulating a wellhead, the top of the outer pipe is enabled to move downwards at a constant speed by applying a vertical load through a vertical load applying component, the application of the vertical load is controlled through a servo motor so as to control the outer pipe to move at a constant speed, and the size of the vertical load is determined according to the size of a wellhead load on site through a similarity ratio.
The displacement sensor 50 may be disposed on the guide rail, and the displacement sensor 50 may measure a vertical displacement of the outer pipe. In practical application, the displacement sensor 50 and the tension sensor can be integrated on the pressing plate, and the installation positions of the displacement sensor 50 and the tension sensor are not limited, and only the measurement requirements are met.
The drilling circulation system 40 comprises a constant-speed constant-pressure pump 41, a drilling fluid container 42 and a high/low-temperature water bath control system, drilling fluid is pumped from an inner pipe by using the constant-speed constant-pressure pump, the drilling fluid circulates in an inner pipe and outer pipe ring space to simulate the drilling fluid circulation process in the drilling process, a metal screen is arranged at the bottom of a double-layer pipe, the drilling fluid can be guaranteed to invade a frozen soil layer, sand is prevented from entering the inner pipe ring space to block a circulation pump, a water jacket is arranged outside the drilling fluid container, the temperature is controlled by the high/low-temperature water bath control system, the temperature;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, at least one sensor 61 is arranged at every 10cm along the axial direction of the outer pipe wall, and the sensor is a full-face load sensor, an earth pressure gauge, a side wall friction sensor or an integration of at least two of the sensors. The plane in which the at least one sensor 61 is located is denoted as the measuring plane, which is perpendicular to the axial direction of the outer tube.
A plurality of pressure gauges 62 are buried in the soil around the pile (namely, the simulated frozen soil stratum around the outer pipe), the pressure gauges are pore pressure gauges, soil pressure gauges or integration of pore pressure gauges and soil pressure gauges, in the concrete implementation process, the pressure gauges 62 are vertically buried in the soil around the pile, the pressure gauges 62 can be uniformly distributed in each measuring plane, and the distance between the pressure gauges in each measuring plane and the pipe wall of the outer pipe is equal.
The sensor 61 and the pressure gauge 62 can measure the stress change of the soil body around the pipe in the process of melting the frozen soil. And the data acquired by all the sensors are collected and stored by a computer data acquisition system.
The invention provides a method for simulating wellhead subsidence in a frozen soil layer drilling process, which can be implemented by adopting a device for simulating wellhead subsidence in the frozen soil layer drilling process, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a frozen soil simulation stratum in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box;
selecting sandy soil or clay with specified particle size to be uniformly mixed with water to prepare soil with preset water content, then layering and compacting in a low-temperature constant-temperature test box, then inserting a simulation shaft and a drill rod into a soil body in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box from a top through hole, sealing, reducing the preset temperature of a low-temperature water bath of the low-temperature constant-temperature test box to reduce the temperature in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box to be below 0 ℃, standing for 4-6 hours, and then entering the step S2.
S2, performing drilling simulation in the frozen soil simulation stratum;
the simulation of the drilling process comprises three parts, namely, applying load to the outer pipe, controlling the movement of the inner pipe and circulating drilling fluid between the annular space of the inner pipe and the annular space of the outer pipe. Firstly, applying a certain load to the outer pipe to enable the outer pipe to be inserted into the frozen soil simulation stratum, and then controlling the inner pipe to move downwards and rotate; finally, drilling fluid is circulated between the annuli of the inner and outer tubes during rotation and downward rotation and movement of the inner tube.
More specifically, a drilling rod is controlled to move downwards and rotate through a servo motor of the drilling driving assembly, meanwhile, a constant-speed constant-pressure pump of the drilling driving assembly is opened, drilling fluid is pumped into a simulation shaft and an inner pipe drilling fluid inlet of the drilling rod, the drilling fluid circulates in the annular space of the inner pipe and the outer pipe and returns out from a drilling fluid return outlet of the outer pipe, soft screens are arranged at the bottoms of the simulation shaft and the drilling rod and can organize soil particles in a frozen soil layer to enter the simulation shaft and the inside of the drilling rod, and the temperature of the drilling fluid is adjusted through a temperature control system of a.
And S3, monitoring wellhead sinking in the drilling process.
In particular implementations, at least one of:
measuring the sinking amount of the wellhead by a displacement sensor;
and measuring the stress-strain change of the frozen soil simulation stratum through a sensor integrated on the pipe wall of the outer pipe and a pressure gauge embedded in the outer pipe. The collected data can be used for drawing a temperature distribution graph of the frozen soil layer, an outer pipe load change curve and a displacement curve according to needs.
The method can simulate the well mouth sinking process caused by the thawing of the frozen soil layer in the drilling process of the permafrost zone of the polar region, measure the influences of different well mouth loads, the temperature of the drilling fluid and the frozen soil property parameters on the well mouth sinking displacement, and fill the blank of research on the aspect of frozen soil layer drilling.
The above-described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be easily made based on the application and principle of the present invention disclosed in the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the method described in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, so that the above-described embodiment is only preferred, and not restrictive.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a frozen soil layer drilling process well head simulation device that sinks which characterized in that includes:
the low-temperature constant-temperature experiment box is internally paved with sandy soil/clay with preset water content and used for forming a frozen soil simulation layer;
the double-layer pipe comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe positioned in the outer pipe, and the outer pipe is inserted into the low-temperature constant-temperature test chamber;
the drilling fluid circulating assembly is connected with the double-layer pipe and is used for circulating drilling fluid at a preset temperature in the double-layer pipe;
the drilling driving assembly is connected with the inner pipe and is used for driving the inner pipe to move up and down and/or rotate;
and the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the displacement of the outer pipe.
2. The device for simulating the sinking of the wellhead in the frozen soil layer drilling process according to claim 1, wherein the double-layer pipe comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe sleeved outside the inner pipe, a drilling fluid inlet is formed in the inner pipe, a drilling fluid return outlet is formed in the outer pipe, and the drilling fluid inlet is located above the drilling fluid return outlet.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drilling drive assembly comprises: servo motor and with the lifter that servo motor links to each other, one end of lifter with the inner tube links to each other.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus for simulating wellhead subsidence during the drilling of permafrost comprises an upper cover, the upper cover is disposed on the cryostat, the drilling drive assembly further comprises:
the two guide rails are vertically arranged on the upper cover;
and two ends of the pressing plate are respectively contacted with the two guide rails, and the pressing plate is connected with the lifting rod.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the apparatus for simulating wellhead subsidence in the process of drilling permafrost further comprises: a vertical load applying member and a tension sensor; wherein:
one end of the vertical load applying member is connected with the servo motor, and the other end of the vertical load applying member is connected with the outer pipe and used for enabling the outer pipe to move;
the tension sensor is used for measuring the load applied by the vertical load applying component.
6. The device for simulating wellhead subsidence in the permafrost drilling process according to claim 1,
the side wall of the outer pipe is provided with at least one group of sensor queues, and each sensor queue consists of a plurality of integrated sensors which are distributed along the axial direction of the outer pipe; the integrated sensor is formed by integrating at least two of a full-section load sensor, a soil pressure gauge and a side wall friction sensor.
7. The device for simulating wellhead subsidence in the permafrost drilling process according to claim 1, wherein at least one group of pressure gauge queues are buried in the permafrost simulation layer, and the distance between each pressure gauge queue and the side wall of the outer pipe is a first preset value.
8. A method for simulating the sinking of a wellhead in a frozen soil layer drilling process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a frozen soil simulation stratum in the low-temperature constant-temperature test box;
s2, performing drilling simulation in the frozen soil simulation stratum;
and S3, monitoring wellhead sinking in the drilling process.
9. The method for simulating wellhead subsidence in the permafrost drilling process of claim 8, wherein the step S2 comprises:
applying a certain load to the outer pipe to enable the outer pipe to be inserted into the frozen soil simulation stratum;
controlling the inner pipe to move downwards in the outer pipe and rotate;
the inner tube circulates drilling fluid between the annulus of the inner and outer tubes during rotation and downward movement.
10. The method for simulating wellhead subsidence during frozen soil layer drilling process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step S3 comprises at least one of:
measuring the sinking amount of the wellhead by a displacement sensor;
and measuring the stress-strain change of the frozen soil simulation stratum through a sensor integrated on the pipe wall of the outer pipe and a pressure gauge embedded in the outer pipe.
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Application publication date: 20210323 |