CN112533640A - 利用基于蜂毒肽的细胞凋亡诱导肽的m2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的靶向 - Google Patents
利用基于蜂毒肽的细胞凋亡诱导肽的m2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的靶向 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112533640A CN112533640A CN201980030270.8A CN201980030270A CN112533640A CN 112533640 A CN112533640 A CN 112533640A CN 201980030270 A CN201980030270 A CN 201980030270A CN 112533640 A CN112533640 A CN 112533640A
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Abstract
本发明涉及由蜂毒肽与抗癌剂结合而成的蜂毒肽‑抗癌剂偶联物以及通过连接蜂毒肽及抗癌剂来制备蜂毒肽‑抗癌剂偶联物的方法。本发明的偶联物作为靶向M2型肿瘤相关TAM的抗癌物质,具有选择性筛选M2型肿瘤相关TAM的优秀的效果,因此,今后将会适用为靶向M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的药物传递用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由蜂毒肽(melittin)与抗癌剂结合而成的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,更具体地,涉及本发明的组合物在不影响M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞及癌细胞的情况下仅抑制M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物及其制备方法。
背景技术
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞为几乎可在所有组织中发现的重要的先天性免疫细胞,起源于骨髓并在血液中循环,通过血管外流出来在组织中分化。这种肿瘤相关巨噬细胞分类为肿瘤抑制M1型巨噬细胞或肿瘤支持M2型巨噬细胞等两种表现型。M1型巨噬细胞具有指示抗原的强大的能力,通常由干扰素-γ、脂肪糖类(LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α活性化,具有促炎作用及杀菌作用。
M2型巨噬细胞通过释放多种细胞外基质成分、血管新生及趋化因子来促进免疫抑制、肿瘤形成及血管形成。通常,M2型巨噬细胞由IL-4和IL-13诱导,且表达如精氨酸酶-1、甘露糖(mannose,MMR,CD206)、清道夫受体(SR-A,CD204)等只有M2才具有的独特的标志物,因此与M1型巨噬细胞具有区别。
蜂毒肽(Melittin)为蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)的蜂毒的主要成分,是具有26个氨基残基的两亲性肽。蜂毒肽具有如气孔形成、融合及囊泡形成等膜扰动(perturbing)效果。蜂毒肽由于具有抑制针对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性及细胞生长或诱导细胞凋亡及坏死的能力而用于肿瘤-携带鼠研究中(Cancer Immunol Immunother.2004;53:411-421.)。
并且,作为利用以往的蜂毒肽的技术,公知为含有蜂毒肽的动脉硬化治疗用组合物(公开号:10-2011-0117789)、包含蜂毒肽的用于抑制成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞的活性的组合物(公开号:10-2011-0117788)等。
另一方面,确认了利用蜂毒肽选择性凋亡M2型巨噬细胞的药学组合物(公开号:10-2019-0021765),但尚未公开将其作为结合结合配偶体的M2靶向药学组合物。对此,本发明人制备由蜂毒肽与抗癌剂结合而成的偶联物,并确认蜂毒肽在肿瘤小鼠模型中在不影响作为M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的CD86+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞及癌细胞的情况下仅抑制作为M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的CD206+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞,从而完成了由以往的抗癌剂引起的副作用显著降低的本发明。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的在于,提供由蜂毒肽与抗癌剂结合而成的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供通过连接蜂毒肽及抗癌剂来制备蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物的方法。
技术方案
用于解决上述问题的本发明的一实施方式提供由蜂毒肽与抗癌剂结合而成的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物。
本发明的术语“毒肽(Melittin;MEL)”为构成蜂毒的主要成分的肽。本文中所使用的上述术语“蜂毒(bee venom;BV)”为在蜜蜂(Apismellifera)的腹部生成的酸性及碱性分泌物的混合物,呈无色的苦味液体形态,作为其主要成分为作为肽的蜂毒肽(melittin)、蜂毒明肽(apamin)及肥大细胞脱粒(mast cell degranulating;MCD)肽以及作为酶的磷脂酶A2(phospholipase A2;PLA2)等,此外还包含微量的多种成分。因此,本发明的蜂毒肽可以从蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的蜂毒分离,但并不限定于此。
本发明的具体一实施例中,经确认,对M1型及M2型巨噬细胞处理通过GGGS衔接物在靶向CD206+M2型巨噬细胞的MEL肽中结合细胞凋亡肽dKLA而成的偶联物,从而在不影响其他真核细胞的情况下仅去除肿瘤基质内的M2型巨噬细胞(图1至图3),而且经确认,由MEL肽与DM1抗癌剂结合而成的偶联物也仅去除肿瘤基质内的M2型巨噬细胞(图4),通过测定细胞呼吸来确认由线粒体膜干扰引起细胞死亡(图5至图6),通过染色确认本发明的偶联物插入于线粒体内(图7)。并且,当对实验鼠处理MEL、dKLA及MEL-dKLA时,MEL-dKLA偶联物更降低了肿瘤的大小及重量(图8),并且,抑制了肿瘤结节数及肿瘤内转移(图9),上述偶联物抑制在实验鼠中的乳腺癌生长,并通过发光来确认抑制转移至肺及全身(图10至图11)。并且,经确认,当处理MEL-抗癌剂偶联物时,多数在癌症中表达的CD44、作为M2型巨噬细胞标志物的CCL22、作为血管生成、转移及浸透标志物的HIF-1α、作为M2型巨噬细胞的标志物的Ym1、干预肿瘤细胞的迁移及滞留的MMP-9的表达减少(图12),通过染色测定肿瘤内免疫细胞的比率变化来确认仅有M2型TAM减少(图13),通过染色确认发生M2型肿瘤相关TAM的选择性细胞死亡(图14)。并且,在处理MEL及MEL-dKLA之后,使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜拍摄肿瘤内皮细胞来确认内皮细胞内血管密度下降(图15)。
本发明的蜂毒肽具有靶向M2型巨噬细胞的作用,可通过向M2型巨噬细胞传递与蜂毒肽结合的抗癌剂来产生抗癌活性,但并不限定于此。
本发明的术语“抗癌剂”为使用于治疗癌症的化疗法中的药剂的总称,上述抗癌剂可以为化合物或前细胞凋亡(pro-apoptotic)肽,但并不限定于此。
本发明中,上述术语“癌症”是指由身体组织的自主性过度生长引起的异常长出的肿瘤或形成肿瘤的疾病。
具体地、上述癌症可以为肺癌(例如,非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、恶性间皮瘤)、间皮瘤、胰腺癌(例如,胰管癌、胰腺内分泌肿瘤)、咽癌、喉癌、食道癌、胃癌(例如,乳头状腺癌、粘液腺癌、腺鳞状癌)、十二指肠癌、小肠癌、大肠癌(例如,结肠癌、直肠癌、肛门癌、家族性大肠癌、遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌、胃肠道间质瘤)、乳腺癌(例如,浸润性乳腺癌、非浸润性乳腺癌、炎症性乳腺癌)、卵巢癌(例如,上皮性卵巢癌、睾丸外生殖细胞肿瘤、卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤、卵巢恶性肿瘤)、睾丸肿瘤、前列腺癌(例如,激素依赖性前列腺癌、激素非依赖性前列腺癌)、肝癌(例如,肝细胞癌、原发性肝癌、肝外胆管癌)、甲状腺癌(例如,甲状腺髓样癌)、肾癌(例如,肾细胞癌、肾盂及输尿管移行上皮癌)、子宫癌(例如,宫颈癌、子宫体癌、子宫肉瘤)、脑肿瘤(例如,髓母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、松果体细胞瘤、毛细胞型星形细胞瘤、弥漫性星型细胞瘤、退行性星形细胞瘤、垂体腺瘤)、视网膜母细胞瘤、皮肤癌(例如,基底细胞癌、恶性黑色素瘤)、肉瘤(例如,横纹肌肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、软组织肉瘤)、恶性骨肿瘤、膀胱癌、血癌(例如,多发性骨髓瘤、白血病、恶性淋巴瘤、霍奇金氏病、慢性骨髓增生病)、原发性未知癌症等,更具体地、可以为肺癌、转移性肿瘤或乳腺癌,更加具体地、上述肺癌可以为Lewis肺癌,但并不限定于此。
本发明中,上述抗癌剂可以为阿霉素(Doxorubicin)、甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate)、恩替诺特(Entinostat)、克拉屈滨(Cladribine)、普拉曲沙(Pralatrexate)、劳拉替尼(Lorlatinib)、美登素DM1(Maytansine DM1)、美登素DM3(Maytansine DM3)、美登素DM4(Maytansine DM4)等,但并不限定于此。
本发明的术语“前细胞凋亡(pro-apoptotsis)”是指细胞主动地将作为生物能源的ATP积极消耗而死亡的过程,典型的细胞凋亡过程通过细胞的收缩、DNA的规则性切断以及细胞膜的片段化来进行。在由于异常细胞分裂、放射线、紫外线、细菌感染或病毒感染等原因而细胞无法维持正常功能的情况下,可诱导细胞凋亡。
本发明中,上述前细胞凋亡肽可以为KLA、α-防御素-1(alpha-defensin-1)、BMAP-28、Brevenin-2R、Buforin IIb、天蚕素A-爪蟾抗菌肽2(cecropin A-Magainin 2、CA-MA-2)、天蚕素A(Cecropin A)、天蚕素B(Cecropin B)、chrysophsin-1、D-K6L9、Gomesin、乳铁蛋白肽B(Lactoferricin B)、LLL27、LTX-315、爪蟾抗菌肽2(Magainin 2)、爪蟾抗菌肽II-蛙皮素偶联物(Magainin II-bombesin conjugate、MG2B)、豹鳎毒素(Pardaxin),但并不限定于此。
本发明的术语“肽(peptide)”指由通过酰胺键(或肽键)连接的氨基酸形成的聚合物。本发明的目的上,是指对癌细胞具有高筛选力且产生强大的抗癌活性的肽。
本发明中,优选地,上述肽具有上述氨基酸序列,但并不限定于此。根据本发明的优选实例,上述肽中,上述氨基酸的比率为50%以上,优选为60%以上,更加优选为70%以上,更加优选为80%以上,更加优选为90%以上,最优选为高达100%。
本发明中,上述肽还可以包含靶向序列、标签(tag)、标记的残基、用于增加半衰期或肽的稳定性的以特定目的提出的附加氨基酸序列。并且,本发明的肽可与效应物(effectors)、药物、前药、毒素、肽、传递分子等配偶体连接。
本发明中,可通过本领域中公知的多种方法获得上述肽。详细地,可利用基因重组和蛋白质表达系统制备或者通过在试管内合成的如肽合成等化学合成方法以及无细胞蛋白合成法来制备。
本发明中,可将上述肽制备成药学上可接受的盐的形态。具体地,通过添加酸来形成盐,例如,可通过添加无机酸(例如、盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硝酸、硫酸等)、有机羧酸(例如,如乙酸、三氟乙酸等卤代乙酸、丙酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、水杨酸)、以及酸性糖(葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖酸、抗坏血酸)、酸性多糖(例如,透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、精氨酸)、包含如硫酸软骨素等磺酸糖酯的有机磺酸(例如,甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸)等来形成盐。
本发明的术语,“偶联物”为由蜂毒肽与抗癌剂结合而成的偶联物,可以为靶向M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的偶联物。上述偶联物可通过与被药物靶向的M2型巨噬细胞结合来损伤巨噬细胞的线粒体,从而抑制肿瘤的生长和转移,并可通过选择性地抑制周围的血管新生来抑制癌症。
即,本发明的偶联物的抗癌活性相比于抗癌剂可得到提高,但并不限定于此。
本发明中,上述偶联物可以为通过GGGGS衔接物(GGGGS linker)连接购自Piscataway,NJ,USA的MEL(序列1;GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ)与dKLA(序列2;d[KLAKLAKKLAKLAK])肽来形成的偶联物,或者可以为通过SPDP衔接物连接如阿霉素、甲氨蝶呤、恩替诺特、克拉屈滨、普拉曲沙及劳拉替尼等抗癌剂来形成的偶联物。并且,可以在没有衔接物的条件下结合美登素DM1、美登素DM3及美登素DM4来制备,但并不限定于此。
即,本发明的偶联物可以为由蜂毒肽及抗癌剂通过化学衔接物连接或者直接连接而成的形态。
本发明中,上述术语“化学衔接物”可以通过蜂毒肽及抗癌剂上的胺基(amine)、羧基(carboxyl)或巯基(sulfhydryl)来结合,但并不限定于此。具体地,上述化学衔接物可以为EDC(1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺)、DCC(N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺)、SATA(琥珀酰亚胺基乙酰硫代乙酸酯)、sulfo-SMCC(磺基琥珀酰亚胺基-4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(盐))、DMA(二亚胺代己二酸二甲酯·2HCl)、DMP(二亚胺代庚二酸二甲酯·2HCl)、DMS(二亚胺代辛二酸二甲酯·2HCl)、DTBP(3,3’-二硫代双丙亚胺酸二甲酯·2HCl)、sulfo-SIAB(磺基琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘乙酸)氨基苯甲酸酯)、SIAB(琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘乙酸)氨基苯甲酸酯)、SBAP(3-(溴乙酸酰基)丙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)、SIA(碘乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)、SM(PEG)n(琥珀酰亚胺基-[N-马来酰亚胺丙酰胺基]-#乙二醇酯、上述n=2、4、6、8、12或24)、SMCC(4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)、LCSMCC(琥珀酰亚胺基-[4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)]-环己烷-1-甲酸-(6-氨基己酸酯))、sulfo-EMCS(N-ε酯)、EMCS(N-ε磺基-GMBS(N-γ酯)、GMBS(N-γ酯)、sulfo-KMUS(N-κ酯)、sulfo-MBS(间马来酰亚胺基苯甲酰基-N羟基磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯)、MBS(间马来酰亚胺基苯甲酰基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯)、sulfo-SMPB(磺基琥珀酰亚胺基4-(对-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酯)、SMPB(琥珀酰亚胺基4-(马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酯)、AMAS(N-α-马来酰亚胺基乙酰-氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯)、BMPS(N-β-马来酰亚胺基丙氧基琥珀酰亚胺酯)、SMPH(琥珀酰亚胺基6-[(β-马来酰亚胺丙酰胺基)己酸酯])、PEG12-SPDP(2-吡啶基二硫醇-四氧八环癸烷-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)、PEG4-SPDP、sulfo-LCSPDP(6-己酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯)、SPDP(3-(2-吡啶二硫代)丙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)、LC-SPDP(6-己二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯)、SMPT(4-琥珀酰亚胺基氧羰基-α珀甲基-基(2-吡啶基二硫代)甲苯)、DSS(辛二酸二琥珀酰亚胺酯)、BS(PEG)5(双(琥珀酰亚胺基)戊(乙二醇))、BS(PEG)9(双(琥珀酰亚胺基)壬基(乙二醇))、BS3(辛二酸双[磺基琥珀酰亚胺基])、BSOCOES(双砜)、PDPH(3-(2-吡啶基二硫代)丙酰肼)、DSG(戊二酸二琥珀酰亚胺酯)、DSP(二硫代双[琥珀酰亚胺丙酸酯])、BM(PEG)n(1,8-二马来酰亚胺基-乙二醇、n=2或3)、BMB(1,4-二马来酰亚胺基丁烷)、BMDB(1,4-二马来酰亚胺基-2,3-二羟基丁烷)、BMH(双马来酰亚胺基己烷)、BMOE(双马来酰亚胺基乙烷)、DTME(二硫基双马来酰亚胺基乙烷)、TMEA(三(2-马来酰亚胺基乙基)胺)、DSS(辛二酸二琥珀酰亚胺酯)、DST(酒石酸二琥珀酰亚胺酯)、DTSSP(3,3’-二硫代双[磺基琥珀酰亚胺丙酸酯])、EGS(乙二醇双(丁二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯))、sulfo-EGS(乙二醇-双[丁二酸琥珀酰亚胺酯]二磺)及TSAT(氨基三乙酸三琥珀酰亚胺酯)、DFDNB(1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯)及它们的组合,但并不限定于此。
本发明的术语“肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM,Tumor associated tumor)”为对癌症的生长、转移等整体肿瘤微环境起重要作用的巨噬细胞,存在于肿瘤周围的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞与肿瘤细胞的生长、转移密切相关。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞分类为肿瘤抑制M1或肿瘤支持M2型巨噬细胞等两种表现型。M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞具有生成促进癌症的生长的如IL-10、TGFβ及CCL18等细胞因子并通过表面受体抑制T细胞、NK细胞的抗肿瘤活性的功能。这种肿瘤相关巨噬细胞可以从在骨髓(bone marrow)、卵黄囊(Yolk sac)或髓外造血(extramedullary hematopoiesis)中尤其在脾脏产生的单核细胞及巨噬细胞分化,优选地,可以从骨髓(bone marrow)分离,但并不限定于此。
用于解决上述问题的本发明的再一实施方式提供用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关巨噬细胞介导的疾病的药学组合物。
本发明中,上述组合物可以为通过去除M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞来预防或治疗癌症的生长及转移的药学组合物,但并不限定于此。
本发明的术语“肿瘤相关巨噬细胞”如前所述。
本发明的术语“预防”是指通过本发明的偶联物抑制或延迟肿瘤的生长及转移的所有行为。
本发明的术语“治疗”是指通过上述偶联物使肿瘤的生长及转移的症状好转或改善的所有行为。
本发明中,优选地,上述偶联物使用于人类,但还可以使用于发生炎症性疾病或癌症且可通过给药本发明的肽来抑制或减少癌症的牛、马、羊、猪、山羊、骆驼、羚羊、狗或猫等家畜。
本发明的癌症的预防或治疗组合物中,不特别限制给药上述组合物的给药途径及给药方式,只要能够使将上述组合物达到所需相应部位,可使用任意给药途径及给药方式。具体地,上述组合物可通过口服或胃肠外的多种途径来给药,作为其给药途径的非限制性例,可通过眼球、口腔、直肠、局部、静脉内、腹腔内、肌肉内、动脉内、经皮、鼻腔内或吸入等方式给药。并且,上述组合物可通过能够使活性物质移动至靶细胞的任意设备来给药。
本发明中,上述药学组合物还可以包含通常在药学组合物的制备中所使用的药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂,上述载体可包含非天然载体(non-naturally occuringcarrier)。
本发明中,上述术语“药学上可接受”是指产生对暴露于上述组合物的细胞或人类没有毒性的特性。
更具体地,上述药学组合物可分别通过常规的方法剂型化为散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、悬浊液、乳液、糖浆、喷雾剂等口服型剂型、外用剂、栓剂及灭菌注射用液的形态来使用,但只要是在本领域中为了预防或治疗癌症的目的而使用的剂型,不受限制地使用。
作为可包含在上述药学组合物中的载体、赋形剂及稀释剂,可具体举例乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、海藻酸盐、明胶、磷酸钙、硅酸钙、纤维素、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、聚己内酯(PCL;polycaprolactone)、聚乳酸(PLA;PolyLactic Acid)、聚-L-乳酸(PLLA;poly-L-lactic acid)、矿物油等。
在制剂化时,通常可使用的填充剂、增量剂、结合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、表面活性剂等稀释剂或赋形剂来配制。
用于口服给药的固态制剂包括片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂等,这种固态制剂可通过在上述提取物及其分馏物中混合如淀粉、碳酸钙(calciumcarbonate)、蔗糖(sucrose)或乳糖(lactose)、明胶等至少一种赋形剂来配制。并且,除了单纯使用赋形剂之外,还可以使用如硬脂酸镁、滑石粉等润滑剂。
用于口服给药的液态制剂为悬浊剂、内用液剂、乳剂、糖浆剂等,除了经常使用的作为简单稀释剂的水、液体石蜡之外,还可以包含如湿润剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、保存剂等多种赋形剂。用于胃肠外给药的制剂可包含灭菌的水溶液、非水性溶剂、悬浊剂、乳剂、冷冻干燥制剂、栓剂等。作为非水性溶剂、悬浊剂,可使用如丙二醇(propylene glycol)、聚乙二醇、橄榄油等植物油、如油酸乙酯等可注射的酯等。作为栓剂的基剂,可使用witepsol、聚乙二醇、吐温(tween)61、可可脂、月桂酸甘油酯、甘油明胶等。
用于解决上述问题的本发明的另一实施方式提供包括连接蜂毒肽及抗癌剂的步骤的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物的制备方法。
本发明的还有一实施方式提供包括将上述偶联物或包含其的药学组合物向需要这些的对象给药的步骤的用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关巨噬细胞介导的疾病的方法。
用于解决上述问题的本发明的又一实施方式提供由蜂毒肽及抗癌剂连接的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞“介导的疾病的预防或治疗用途”。
技术效果
本发明的MEL-抗癌剂偶联物作为靶向M2型肿瘤相关TAM的抗癌物质,具有选择性筛选M2型肿瘤相关TAM的优秀的效果,因此,MEL与抗癌剂的结合方法今后将会适用为靶向M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的药物传递用途。
附图说明
图1的(a)部分为通过MTS测定示出针对M1的dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA的细胞毒性的曲线图。
图1的(b)部分为通过MTS测定示出针对M2的dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA的细胞毒性的曲线图。
图1的(c)部分为通过PI染色来测定细胞周期并进行分析的柱状图。
图2为用Annexin VFITC及MItoTracker-Red CMXRos染色并通过流式细胞分析方法比较分析M1对于dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA的变化的曲线图。
图3为用Annexin VFITC及MItoTracker-Red CMXRos染色并通过流式细胞分析方法比较分析M2对于dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA的变化的曲线图。
图4为通过MTS测定示出针对M2的MEL-DM1的细胞毒性的曲线图。
图5的(a)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的细胞内呼吸变化的曲线图。
图5的(b)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的细胞内相应作用变化的曲线图。
图5的(c)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的基底呼吸的变化的柱状图。
图5的(d)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的细胞ATP生成变化的柱状图。
图5的(e)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的细胞内最大呼吸变化的柱状图。
图6的(a)部分是为了测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡通过XF测定的细胞能量表现型的变化的曲线图。
图6的(b)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的细胞内氧比率(OCR)的变化的柱状图。
图6的(c)部分为用于测定由线粒体膜干扰引起的细胞死亡的细胞外酸性化率(ECAR)的变化的柱状图。
图7的(a)部分为示出线粒体内MEL、dKLA及MEL-dKLA位置的染色照片。
图7的(b)部分为线粒体内MEL、dKLA及MEL-dKLA的相关系数。
图8的(a)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而比较肿瘤的大小的柱状图。
图8的(b)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而比较肿瘤的重量的柱状图。
图8的(c)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而比较肿瘤的大小的差异倍数(fold change)柱状图。
图8的(d)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而比较实验鼠的重量变化的柱状图。
图9的(a)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而比较实验鼠的肺的照片。
图9的(b)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的癌症转移抑制效果而通过染色实验鼠的肺来进行比较的照片。
图9的(c)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而比较肺的肿瘤结节数的柱状图。
图10的(a)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而在小鼠中通过注入发光因子来比较癌症的生长的照片。
图10的(b)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而在小鼠中比较发光强度的柱状图。
图10的(c)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而在小鼠中比较肿瘤大小的曲线图。
图10的(d)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而在小鼠中比较整个转移区域的发光强度的柱状图。
图10的(e)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而在小鼠中比较整个转移区域的面积的柱状图。
图11的(a)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的癌症转移抑制效果而在小鼠中通过注入发光因子来比较癌症的转移的照片。
图11的(b)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的癌症转移抑制效果而在小鼠中比较整个发光强度的柱状图。
图12的(a)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而通过测定作为癌症表达标志物的CD44的表达来进行比较的柱状图。
图12的(b)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而通过测定作为M2型巨噬细胞标志物的CCL22的表达来进行比较的柱状图。
图12的(c)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而通过测定作为转移及浸透标志物的HIF-α的表达来进行比较的柱状图。
图12的(d)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而通过测定作为巨噬细胞标志物的Ym1的表达来进行比较的柱状图。
图12的(e)部分是为了比较MEL-dKLA的抗癌效果而通过测定干预肿瘤细胞的迁移及滞留的MMP-9的表达来进行比较的柱状图。
图13的(a)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞数的选择性减少而将M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的肿瘤基质内潜入用CD45+F4/80+CD86+染色来示出的曲线图。
图13的(b)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞数的选择性减少而将M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的肿瘤基质内潜入用CD45+F4/80+CD206+染色来示出的曲线图。
图13的(c)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞数的选择性减少而将潜入M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的肿瘤基质内的CD45+F4/80+CD86+转换为表来示出的柱状图。
图13的(d)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞数的选择性减少而将潜入M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的肿瘤基质内的CD45+F4/80+CD206+转换为表来示出的柱状图。
图13的(e)部分为用于比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M1/M2比率变化的柱状图。
图13的(f)部分为用于比较由MEL-dKLA引起的CD4 T细胞的变化的柱状图。
图13的(g)部分为用于比较由MEL-dKLA引起的CD8 T细胞的变化的柱状图。
图13的(h)部分为用于比较由MEL-dKLA引起的调节T细胞的变化的柱状图。
图13的(i)部分为用于比较由MEL-dKLA引起的树突细胞的变化的柱状图。
图14的(a)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM的选择性细胞死亡而染色M1来示出的曲线图。
图14的(b)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM的选择性细胞死亡而染色M2来示出的曲线图。
图14的(c)部分是为了比较由MEL-dKLA引起的M2型肿瘤相关TAM的选择性细胞死亡而示出经染色的M1与M2的比例的曲线图。
图15的(a)部分是为了比较MEL及MEL-dKLA的抗-血管生长效果而对LLC肿瘤的内皮细胞进行免疫荧光染色的照片。
图15的(b)部分是为了比较MEL及MEL-dKLA的抗-血管生长效果而示出各区域血管的密度的柱状图。
具体实施方式
制备例1.适用MEL的多种抗癌剂结合
1-1.MEL-dKLA偶联物
为了确认MEL的多种抗癌剂药物和结合简易性而实施了dKLA的结合。
MEL(序列1)和dKLA(序列2)相当于短肽,因此,肽之间可通过酰胺键来连接。此时,为了最小化MEL与dKLA之间的相互作用及折叠而在中间配置有四个甘氨酸及一个丝氨酸构成的衔接物来区分两端。为了最小化体内分解而使用非L型的D型异构体作为KLA。
1-2.MEL-DM1偶联物
为了确认MEL的多种抗癌剂药物和结合简易性而实施了与DM1的结合。
更具体地,购买在氨基酸序列的N末端合成有马来酰亚胺(Maleimide)结构的蜂毒肽来使用。马来酰亚胺(Maleimide)可与DM1具有的游离巯基(free-sulfhydryl group,-SH)形成共价键。在硼酸缓冲液(Boric acid Buffer)中使蜂毒肽与DM1进行反应2小时后,利用艾美康恩超离心过滤器(amicon ultra centrifugal filters)(默克密理博(MerkMillipore))并通过PBS来过滤交换缓冲液(Buffer exchange)及未结合蜂毒肽。蜂毒肽具有约3kDa的分子量,若与DM1结合,则会具有3.6kDa以上的分子量。所使用的过滤器过滤3kDa以上的物质,分离与DM1结合的蜂毒肽,将其通过Q-TOF质量分析仪来确认。
实施例1-1.通过MEL引起在M2型巨噬细胞中的细胞凋亡的肽dKLA传递
为了观察MEL-dKLA是否在M2型巨噬细胞中诱导细胞凋亡,利用多种容量的dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA(0.1-1μM)测定细胞的存活率。
更具体地,从金斯瑞(GenScript,Piscataway,NJ,USA)购买dKLA(序列2)、MEL(序列1)、MEL-dKLA(序列3;GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQGGGGS-d[KLAKLAKKLAKLAK])肽和5-carboxyl tetramethylrhodamine(TMR)-conjugated dKLA、MEL及MEL-KLA肽。TMR与位于肽的N-末端的氨基酸结合,所有肽都使用了95%以上纯化的肽。在添加有10%的热-非活性化的胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum(Welgene))和100U/mL的青霉素及100μg/mL链霉素(Invitrogen,CA,USA)的杜贝克改良鹰培养基(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium,DMEM;Welgene,Korea)中培养小鼠lewis肺肿瘤(Murine Lewis lung carcinoma;LLC)细胞和小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7。针对分化为M2型的巨噬细胞(RAW264.7),在培养基中处理IL-4和IL-1324小时。处理后,在血清不足的状态下培养细胞24小时。用1ng/mL的LPS处理M1型巨噬细胞24小时来诱导分化。
通过MTS分析法测定细胞存活率。将RAW264.7巨噬细胞分化为M1型或M2型巨噬细胞,在96孔板中以3×104cells/well接种。第二天,分别处理PBS、dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA。24小时后,更换培养液向细胞处理20μL的MTS反应液(Promega,WI,USA),在37℃的温度下反应后,在490nm测定荧光来测定细胞存活率。
其结果,如图1所示,dKLA由于不能干扰真核细胞的膜,因此将用作对照组。当处理0.6-0.5μM的MEL-dKLA及79-71%的MEL并进行24小时的反应时,细胞存活率减少约55-53%。针对M2型巨噬细胞的MEL-dKLA的半最大抑制浓度(The half-maximal inhibitory;IC50)相比于单独使用MEL时的半最大抑制浓度低(0.85μM的MEL-dKLA/0.6-0.8μM的MEL)。然而,当处理0.6-0.8μM的MEL-dKLA时,M1型巨噬细胞的存活率为86-66%,当处理0.6-0.8μM的MEL时,存活率为74%。因此,在以上述巨噬细胞作为对象的MEL和MEL-dKLA这两种物质之间的IC50试验中,没有确认到显著的差异(图1的(a)部分、(b)部分)。
并且,为了观察MEL-dKLA是否引起肿瘤细胞的随机死亡而在生物体外(in vitro)通过PI染色来观察细胞周期。
更具体地,在70%的冰乙醇固定细胞并在20℃的温度下保管24小时后,在含有0.1%的Triton X-100和20μg/ml的RNase的PBS中混合碘化丙锭(propidium idodide,PI)以使浓度达到50μg/ml来对细胞处理,使用流式细胞分析方法测定。
其结果,0.1-1μM的MEL-dKLA在LLC肿瘤细胞中没有出现细胞毒性(图1的(c)部分)。
实施例1-2.通过MEL-dKLA的线粒体膜干扰的M2型巨噬细胞的细胞凋亡
为了确认M2型巨噬细胞的死亡是否由因为MEL-dKLA的处理导致的线粒体膜干扰引起而实施流式细胞分析方法。
更具体地,利用Annexin V-异硫氰酸荧光素(Annexin V-fluoreceinisothiocyanate,FITC;BD Biosciences,CA,USA)对细胞进行染色。在24孔板中以5×105cells/well接种细胞,第二天,处理0.8μM的肽。处理1、3时间并经过6小时后,在没有血清的培养基中使细胞与250nM的MitoTracker进行反应1小时。之后,收集细胞后再次使细胞与Annexin V进行反应。用BD FACSCalibur测定经过反应的细胞,通过FlowJo software(Treestar,Inc.,CA,USA)分析。MitoTracker可随着膜电荷通过细胞质膜而堆积在线粒体内。即,可在活着的细胞的线粒体膜确认染色,但由膜干扰引起细胞凋亡的细胞中难以进行染色。
其结果,如图2至图3所示,当处理MEL及MEL-dKLA肽1、3小时时,在M1型巨噬细胞中没有产生效果,当处理6小时时,MitoTracker染色减少,Annexin V+染色增加,但没有出现显著的变化(图2)。然而,当处理6小时的MEL-dKLA时,确认到相当多的细胞死亡。与此相反,在单独使用MEL及dKLA的情况下,无法发现显著差异(图3)。
实施例1-3.通过MEL引起在M2型巨噬细胞中的细胞凋亡的肽抗癌剂DM1传递
为了观察MEL-dKLA是否在M2型巨噬细胞中诱导细胞凋亡,对细胞处理DM1、MEL及MEL-DM1来测定细胞的存活率。
MEL-DM1抗癌剂结合方法及细胞实验方法如上所述。
其结果,如图4所示,相比于分别处理MEL及DM1,当处理MEL-DM1偶联物时,确认到更高的M2选择性细胞凋亡效果,因此,确认到MEL-抗癌剂偶联物具有更优秀的效果。
实施例2.由MEL-dKLA引起的代谢作用变化测定
为了测定MEL-dKLA是否影响线粒体的代谢作用而实施了海马分析。
更具体地,通过XF24海马生物能量测定仪(XF24 Extracellular Flux analyzer,Agilent,CA,USA)测定代谢作用。将分化为M2的RAW264.7细胞接种于XF-24板(3×104cells/well)中,第二天,为了最小化由状况变化导致的潜在性应激,处理1μM的个肽来在5%、CO2的条件的37℃的培养箱中培养。在用于临时适应的培养之后,在添加有4500mg/L的D-葡萄糖(D-glucose)(w/v)、1mM的丙酮酸钠、4mM的L-谷氨酰胺的500μL的XF running培养液(pH 7.4)中接种细胞后,在没有二氧化碳的37℃的环境下培养,将代谢毒素(1μM的寡霉素、0.5μM的碳酰氰-4-三氟甲氧基苯腙(carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone,FCCP)、0.5μM的鱼藤酮(rotenone)及抗霉素A(antimycin A)[Rot/AA])浸渍于药物端口中。之后,添加药物来实施测定细胞内氧的消耗率(OCR)及细胞外酸性化率(ECAR)。
并且,在12次的位置测定OCR,测定基底状态三次、测定添加寡霉素后的ATP-连接呼吸三次、测定添加FCCP后的最大呼吸三次、最后三次通过测定添加后Rot/AA后显示非-线粒体性呼吸的点来测定线粒体的呼吸能力。表示该作用的比率的ECAR也在相同的点上测定。
其结果,如图5至图6所示,MEL-dKLA组的基底呼吸比率比PBS组明显降低。但是,仅处理dKLA或MEL的情况与PBS相比,基底OCR没有发生变化(图5的(a)部分、(b)部分)。并且,MEL-dKLA显著减少ATP的生成(图5的(a)部分、(d)部分)。尤其,当处理MEL-dKLA时,最大呼吸明显降低(图5的(a)部分、(e)部分)。基底相应作用能力没有显著变化,但当处理寡霉素时,所有组都表现上升趋势(图5的(b)部分)。在能量标准型上,MEL-dKLA在基底状态、应激状态这两个状态下都确认到呼吸能力减少(图6的(a)部分、(b)部分)。但是,基底ECAR没有通过MEL-dKLA的处理而被抑制,与此相反,在被MEL-dKLA受到应激的状况的组中,ECAR与dKLA组相比稍微减少。但是,比较PBS组与MEL-dKLA组的结果没有出现显著差异(图6的(a)部分、(c)部分)。
由此可知,细胞质的相应作用中,确认到MEL-dKLA的影响微小,因此,线粒体呼吸的功能异常是由靶向线粒体的MEL-dKLA导致的。
实施例3.MEL-dKLA的选择性线粒体内浸透力测定
通过染色并利用荧光显微镜确认M2型巨噬细胞的线粒体内MEL-dKLA的浸透及位置。并且,通过PASCAL 5LSM图像检测来进行定量分析。
更具体地,将分化为M2的RAW264.7巨噬细胞与1μM的TMR-结合dKLA、MEL或MEL-dKLA一起培养2小时。清洗掉未结合的肽后,用250nM的线粒体绿色荧光探针(MitoTrackergreen,Invitrogen)对细胞进行染色。染色后,再次用添加有4μg/mL的DAPI(4’6-diamidino-2-phenylidole,Sigma-Aldrich,MO,USA)的PBS对细胞进行染色。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(Carl Zeiss,Germany)测定经染色的细胞,通过LSM5图像检测仪(CarlZeiss)确认线粒体内MEL-dKLA的位置。
其结果,如图7所示,通过上述图像检测确认到在线粒体内存在相当多的MEL-dKLA,但未确认到MEL,确认到少量的dKLA与细胞结合(图7的(a)部分)。并且,只有MEL-dKLA与线粒体正相关(positive correlation),dKLA及MEL与线粒体没有相关性(图7的(b)部分)。
由此确认到,MEL-dKLA可选择性地与线粒体反应来浸透。
实施例4.由MEL-dKLA引起的小鼠的肿瘤细胞生长抑制效果测定
实施例4-1.由MEL-dKLA引起的小鼠的肺癌细胞抑制效果测定
为了在生物体内(in vivo)比较MEL-dKLA和MEL的抗癌效果,向具有肺癌细胞的小鼠注射PBS、dKLA、MEL或MEL-dKLA肽后确认肿瘤的变化。
更具体地,从DBL(Korea)购买C57BL/6野生型小鼠,将LLC肿瘤细胞与基质胶(Corning,NY,USA)混合后注射于小鼠的右侧肋下(5×104cells/mouse)。注入肿瘤细胞的5天后,将重组dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA肽进行腹腔内注射3天(每体重/重量注射175nmol/kg),一共注射三次。向所有肿瘤组织注射后经过12天后回收。上述动物实验获得庆熙大学动物管理委员会的承认[KHUASP(SE)-17-087],在没有病原菌的条件下,在12小时的明/暗周期环境中使动物自主摄取水和饮食的方式进行管理。
其结果,如图8所示,在注射PBS及dKLA的小鼠中确认到小鼠的肿瘤不断地生长。相比于注射PBS的对照组,注射MEL-dKLA的组中大大抑制了肿瘤的生长。并且确认到,相比于注射dKLA的组,肿瘤的大小和重量也大大减少(图8的(a)部分、(b)部分)。并且确认到,注射MEL的组中的肿瘤的大小也大大减少。重要的是,相比于dKLA组,给药MEL-dKLA的组中的肿瘤的大小和重量大大减少(图8的(c)部分)。以此相反,在所有组中,小鼠的体重没有发生变化(图8的(d)部分)
由此确认到,在肺癌中,相比于单独处理其他肽及抗癌剂,MEL-dKLA更加优越地抑制肿瘤的生长和转移。
实施例4-2.由MEL-dKLA引起的小鼠的乳腺癌细胞抑制效果测定
为了测定MEL-dKLA和MEL的肿瘤抑制及癌症转移抑制效果,确认肿瘤,并通过染色来确认转移至肺的程度。
更具体地,将4T1乳腺癌细胞(1×105)注射于BALB/c小鼠的3天后,将175nmol/kg的PBS、dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA以3天为间隔分别注射到每个组。为了观察转移程度和肺表面的结节,注射癌细胞的15天后,牺牲小鼠来确认肺的表面结节。
其结果,如图9所示,处理MEL-dKLA的组中,肺表面的结节显著减少,但在单独处理MEL及dKLA的组中,结节没有减少(图9的(a)部分)。
并且,通过常规的方法进行H&E染色来测定转移至肺的程度。
更具体地,H&E染色中,在苏木紫(hematoxylin)溶液中浸泡组织来将细胞核染色成紫色后,利用酸性溶液去除除了核之外的剩余的染色部分,在添加有曙红的溶液中再次浸泡来将细胞质染色成粉红色,由此观察细胞的结构。
其结果,如图9所示,在处理PBS及dKLA的组中确认到肿瘤细胞大范围地扩散的转移现象。与此相反,在处理MEL及MEL-dKLA的组中确认到比较小范围的转移(图9的(b)部分)。然而,MEL-dKLA显著降低结节数,与此相反,当单独处理MEL时,结节数并没有显著下降(图9的(c)部分)。
并且,将荧光物质4T1-荧光素酶(luciferase)注入于小鼠后,通过荧光来确认MEL-dKLA对肿瘤生长和转移的影像。
更具体地,首先,为了当将乳腺癌细胞同位移植到乳腺时MEL-dKLA对肿瘤的生长及抑制产生的影响,将4T1-荧光素酶乳腺癌细胞(1×105)注射于作为免疫缺乏小鼠的NOD-SCID小鼠。5天后,在第4号乳腺中开始长出肿瘤块的时间点开始将175nmol/kg的PBS、dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA注射到每个组每3天一次。为了测定肿瘤的生长,利用caliper设备测定肿瘤的大小每3天一次,所有肿瘤组织在注射的4天后回收。移植肿瘤的第4周,为了确认肿瘤转移至淋巴结及肺的程度,将作为荧光素酶的基质的荧光素(D-luciferin)稀释成40mg/ml的浓度以腹腔给药方式向小鼠每次给药100μL。反应约15分钟后,使用作为活体成像(in vivoimaging)设备的NightOwl(Berthold Technologies)测定发光,并与小鼠的照片一起分析来分析转移至全身及肺的程度。上述动物实验获得庆熙大学动物管理委员会的承认[[KHUASP(SE)-18-133],在没有病原菌的条件下,在12小时的明/暗周期环境中使动物自主摄取水和饮食的方式进行管理。
进一步地,为了确认肿瘤细胞的转移性,将4T1-荧光素酶乳腺癌细胞(1×105)注射于BALB/c小鼠的尾静脉。3天后开始,将175nmol/kg的PBS、dKLA、MEL及MEL-dKLA注射到每个组每3天一次。注射癌细胞的15天后,将作为荧光素酶的基质的荧光素(D-luciferin)稀释成40mg/ml的浓度以腹腔给药方式向小鼠每次给药100μL,反应约15分钟后,使用NightOwl(Berthold Technologies)与小鼠的照片一起分析转移至全身及肺的癌细胞滞留及转移程度。
其结果,如图10至图11所示,在处理PBS的组中可确认乳腺上的乳腺癌块快速生长。在处理MEL-dKLA的组中,乳腺癌细胞的生长有效地减少,在单独处理MEL及dKLA的组中,乳腺癌生长减少效果不显著(图10(a)部分至(c)部分)。在确认转移至腋下的淋巴结和肺的程度的结果中,也可以同样确认到在PBS组中发生转移的面积宽且转移部位的发光数值非常高。在dKLA或MEL组中,在转移面积上与PBS组没有显著差异,呈现出发光数值减少的倾向,但没有显著性。在MEL-dKLA中,几乎没有观察到转移,确认到转移面积及发光数值显著减少(图10的(d)部分、(e)部分)。
并且,在用于确认肿瘤细胞的转移性的实验中,也同样确认到在处理PBS及dKLA的组中全身中癌细胞的发光数值高,且相比于PBS或dKLA,当处理MEL时,转移减少。在MEL-dKLA组中,检测到肺中的癌细胞发光数值非常低,相比于MEL,在全身中也同样表现出显著低的转移性(图11)。
由此确认到,在乳腺癌中,相比于单独处理其他肽及抗癌剂,MEL-dKLA更加优越地抑制肿瘤的生长和转移。
实施例5.MEL-dKLA的肿瘤转移基因表达程度测定
为了测定MEL-dKLA的肿瘤转移抑制能力,通过实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)来对与细胞外基质配体相互作用来促进转移和浸透且多数在癌症中表达的CD44、作为M2型巨噬细胞标志物的CCL22、作为血管生成、转移及浸透标志物的HIF-1α、作为M2型巨噬细胞的标志物的Ym1、干预肿瘤细胞的迁移及滞留的MMP-9的表达进行测定。
更具体地,在肺组织中通过easy-BLUE RNA提取试剂盒(iNtRON Biotechnology,Korea)提取RNA,根据逆转录酶(transcriptase,Bioneer,Korea)指南来合成cDNA。cDNA合成条件为在95下反应15秒钟、在55下反应10秒钟、在72下反应10秒钟、每个反应进行3次。之后,利用CD44:正向,(序列4;5‘-TGGATCCGAATTAGC TGGA-3’);(序列5;反向,5‘-GCTTTTTCTTCTGCCCACA-3’);CCL22:正向,(序列6;5‘-TCCCAGGGGAAGGAATAAA-3’);反向,(序列7;5‘-GGTTTGGATCAAGCCCTTT-3’);HIF-1α:正向,(序列8;5‘-TCCCTTTTTCAAGCAGCAG-3’);反向,(序列9;5‘-TGCCTTGTATGGGAGCATT-3’);Ym-1:正向,(序列10;5‘-CATTCAGTCAGTTATCAGATTCC-3’);反向,(序列11;5‘-AGTGAGTAGCAGCCTTGG-3’);MMP-9:正向,(序列12;5‘-TGAATCAGCTGGCTTTTGTG-3’);反向,(序列13;5‘-GTGGATAGCTCGGTGGTGTT-3’);引物,通过the SensiFAST SYBR no-Rox kit(Bioline,Korea)来进行实时荧光定量PCR。
其结果,如图12所示,相比于WT,处理PBS的组中的CD44表达显著增加,相比于处理PBS、dKLA、MEL的组,处理MEL-dKLA的组中的CD44表达水平明显降低(图12的(a)部分)。经确认,相比于WT,处理PBS的组中的CCL22及HIF-1α的表达也增加,但在处理MEL-dKLA的组中明显降低。与此相反,确认到处理dKLA及MEL的组与PBS组没有显著差异(图12的(b)部分至(c部分)。经确认,相比于PBS组,在dKLA组中,Ym1的表达反而大大增加,而MEL及MEL-dKLA处理组与PBS组没有显著差异(图12的(d)部分)。经确认,在PBS组及dKLA组中,MMP-9的表达水平高,相比于PBS组,在处理MEL的组中,MMP-9的表达水平降低。与此相反,确认到相比于MEL的组,在处理MEL-dKLA的组中,MMP-9的表达水平更低(图12的(e)部分)。
由此确认到,相比于单独使用MEL及dKLA,当使用MEL-dKLA时,肿瘤转录因子表达抑制效果更显著。
实施例6.通过流式细胞分析方法分析靶向CD206+M2型肿瘤相关TAM的MEL-dKLA
为了在生物体内(in vivo)确认是否可将MEL-dKLA肽用作靶向M2型肿瘤相关TAM的肽,培养肿瘤组织,并将它们染色来单独分析,由此确认细胞增加。
更具体地,将肿瘤细胞捣碎来在添加有脱氧核糖核酸酶I(DNaseI)(1U/mL)及胶原酶D(Collagenase D)(1mg/mL)的DMEM中进行分离。在37℃的温度下轻微搅拌1小时,利用100-μM的尼龙网过滤器进行分离。在Phrmlyse buffer(BE bioscience)中溶解红细胞。将个别的细胞通过40-μM的尼龙网过滤后用抗体染色。CD4+T细胞(CD45+CD4+CD8-)、CD8+T细胞(CD45+CD4-CD8+)、Foxp3+调节T细胞(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)、树突细胞(CD45+CD11b+CD11c+)及M1(CD45+F4/80+CD86+)或M2型巨噬细胞(CD45+F4/80+CD206+):抗-CD45-FITC、抗-CD4-phycoerythrin(PE)、抗-CD8-allophycocyanin(APC)、抗-CD4-FITC、抗-CD25-PE、抗-Foxp3-Alexa Fluor647、抗-CD11b-APC、抗-CD11c-APCcy7、抗-Gr1-PEcy7、抗-CD86-PEcy7及抗-CD206-APC抗体。为了测定转移巨噬细胞的细胞率预先处理Annexin-V。
其结果,如图13所示,经确认,相比于PBS及dKLA给药组,MEL给药组中的F480+CD86+M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞稍微增加,但与dKLA组没有显著差异。与此相反,经确认,相比于MEL组,MEL-dKLA给药组中的F480+CD86+M1型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞大大增加(图13的(a)部分、(c)部分)。PBS及dKLA给药组中的CD45+白细胞内M2型肿瘤相关F4/80+CD206+TAM的比率为约20%。经确认,相比于PBS组,MEL组和MEL-dKLA组中的M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞减少约一半,比率为约10%(图13的(b)部分、(d)部分)。但是,经确认,相比于MEL组,MEL-dKLA组中的M1/M2的比例显著高。虽然相比于PBS及dKLA组,MEL及MEL-dKLA组中的M2型肿瘤相关TAM大大减少(图13的(e)部分),但如CD4T细胞、Foxp3+Tregs、CD8T细胞及树突细胞等其他白细胞没有变化,因此确认到对这些细胞不产生影像(图13的(f)部分至(i)部分)。
并且,为了确认在小鼠中M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞是否选择性凋亡,使用Annexin-V分别对M1型肿瘤相关TAM(F4/80CD86+)及M2型肿瘤相关TAM(F4/80CD206+)进行染色。
其结果,如图14所示,相比于对照组PBS组,在所有组中的CD86+M1型肿瘤相关TAM中并没有出现经Annexin染色的细胞的增加现象(图14的(a)部分)。并且,MEL及MEL-dKLA组中的M2型肿瘤相关TAM减少,但只能在MEL-dKLA给药组中确认到相当多的量的CD206+M2型肿瘤相关TAM细胞死亡(图14的(b)部分)。相比于M1型肿瘤相关TAM,M2型肿瘤相关TAM中的由MEL-dKLA的给药引起的细胞凋亡比率显著地高(图14的(c)部分)。
由此确认到,相比于通过选择性地诱导M2型肿瘤相关TAM的细胞凋亡来处理MEL,MEL-dKLA的M1/M2的比例显著增加。
实施例8.肿瘤内CD206+TAM减少与抗-血管生长效果的关系
CD31(PECAM-1)被公知为在血管内皮活跃地分泌且能够预先知道血管生长的标志物。肿瘤的血管生长为用于向肿瘤内氧量少的区域供给氧和营养成分的必须手段,也与癌症的生长和转移密切相关。M2-两级分化巨噬细胞为血管生长要素的主要前体,包含环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9)及VEGF,巨噬细胞的密度也与血管生长有关。因此,为了确认肿瘤内M2型肿瘤相关TAM的减少是否引起血管生长的减少,通过进行免疫染色并利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜来确认。
更具体地,将组织与多聚甲醛一起干燥24小时。之后,使用旋转切片机(rotarymicrotome)切成4μM的厚度,与柠檬酸钠缓冲液(tri-sodium citrate buffer)一起加压灭菌来恢复。将恢复的组织切片与抗-小鼠血清内皮细胞粘附物质(PECAM;CD31)抗体(1:200;santa Cruz Biotechnology,CA,USA)及与Alexa-488结合的抗-兔第二抗体(1:500;Invitrogen)一起培养来进行视觉化。将染色后的切片包埋后在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(Carl Zeiss)下分析。所有图像在LSM5 PASCAL中拍摄,使用ImageJ software分析荧光值。
其结果,如图15所示,在MEL及MEL-dKLA组中都确认到显著的CD31+内皮细胞的减少(图15(a)部分、(b部分)。
由此确认到,血管生长的抑制与M2型肿瘤相关TAM的减少有关。
肿瘤基质内TAM浓度与肿瘤的生长、转移及血管生长密切相关。但是,仅通过减少巨噬细胞的方法是无法有效解决如上述肿瘤生长及血管生长等问题。认为通过本发明得到提高的抗癌效果与M1/M2的高比例有关。本发明的MEL-dKLA通过选择性地减少M2型肿瘤相关TAM来有效提高M1/M2的比例,通过诱导线粒体的凋亡来抑制肿瘤生长及血管生长。因此,可将MEL-dKLA用作有效靶向M2型肿瘤相关TAM的癌症治疗剂。
通过以上的说明可理解,本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员在不变更本发明的技术思想或必须特征的情况下可将本发明实施为其他具体形态。相应地,应理解以上所描述的实施例在所有方面上为例示性的,而并非是限定性的。应解释为,本发明的范围中,从非上述详细说明的发明要求保护范围的含义及范围以及其等同概念导出的所有变更或变形的形态包括在本发明的范围内。
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Claims (15)
1.一种蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,由蜂毒肽与抗癌剂结合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述抗癌剂为前细胞凋亡肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述前细胞凋亡肽选自由KLA、α-防御素-1、BMAP-28、Brevenin-2R、Buforin IIb、天蚕素A-爪蟾抗菌肽2、天蚕素A、天蚕素B、chrysophsin-1、D-K6L9、Gomesin、乳铁蛋白肽B、LLL27、LTX-315、爪蟾抗菌肽2、爪蟾抗菌肽II-蛙皮素偶联物、豹鳎毒素及它们的组合组成的组中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述抗癌剂选自由阿霉素、甲氨蝶呤、恩替诺特、克拉屈滨、普拉曲沙、劳拉替尼、美登素DM1、美登素DM3、美登素DM4及它们的组合组成的组中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述偶联物靶向M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞。
6.根据权利要求1所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述偶联物的抗癌活性相比于抗癌剂得到提高。
7.根据权利要求1所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述蜂毒肽及抗癌剂通过化学衔接物连接或者直接连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述化学衔接物通过蜂毒肽及抗癌剂上的胺基、羧基或巯基来结合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述化学衔接物的两末端包含选自由碳二亚胺基、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、酰亚胺酯、五氟苯基酯、羟甲基膦、马来酰亚胺、卤代乙酰、吡啶二硫化物、磺酸酯、乙烯砜及它们的组合组成的组中的官能团。
10.根据权利要求7所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物,其特征在于,上述化学衔接物选自由EDC、DCC、SATA、sulfo-SMCC、DMA、DMP、DMS、DTBP、sulfo-SIAB、SIAB、SBAP、SIA、SM(PEG)n、SMCC、LCSMCC、sulfo-EMCS、EMCS、GMBS、sulfo-KMUS、sulfo-MBS、MBS、sulfo-SMPB、SMPB、AMAS、BMPS、SMPH、PEG12-SPDP、PEG4-SPDP、sulfo-LCSPDP、SPDP、LC-SPDP、SMPT、DSS、BS(PEG)5、BS(PEG)9、BS3、BSOCOES、PDPH、DSG、DSP、BM(PEG)n、BMB、BMDB、BMH、BMOE、DTME、TMEA、DSS、DST、DTSSP、EGS、sulfo-EGS、TSAT、DFDNB及它们的组合组成的组中,其中,所述SM(PEG)n中的n是2、4、6、8、12或者24,所述BM(PEG)n中的n是2或者3。
11.一种用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关巨噬细胞介导的疾病的药学组合物,其特征在于,包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关巨噬细胞介导的疾病的药学组合物,其特征在于,上述疾病为肺癌、转移性肿瘤、乳腺癌。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关巨噬细胞介导的疾病的药学组合物,其特征在于,上述疾病为Lewis肺癌或炎症性疾病。
14.根据权利要求11所述的用于预防或治疗肿瘤相关巨噬细胞介导的疾病的药学组合物,其特征在于,上述组合物为通过去除M2型肿瘤相关巨噬细胞来预防或治疗癌症的生长及转移的药学组合物。
15.一种蜂毒肽-抗癌剂偶联物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括连接蜂毒肽及抗癌剂的步骤。
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EP3789041A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
CA3099434A1 (en) | 2019-11-04 |
AU2019264092A1 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
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AU2019264092A8 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
US11484601B2 (en) | 2022-11-01 |
AU2019264092B2 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
CA3099434C (en) | 2023-09-05 |
CN112533640B (zh) | 2025-02-28 |
US20210244823A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
EP3789041A4 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
KR20190127609A (ko) | 2019-11-13 |
JP7234349B2 (ja) | 2023-03-07 |
KR102250412B1 (ko) | 2021-05-17 |
WO2019212324A1 (ko) | 2019-11-07 |
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