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CN112525411A - Device and method for testing pressure in glass beads based on differential pressure method - Google Patents

Device and method for testing pressure in glass beads based on differential pressure method Download PDF

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CN112525411A
CN112525411A CN202011216727.5A CN202011216727A CN112525411A CN 112525411 A CN112525411 A CN 112525411A CN 202011216727 A CN202011216727 A CN 202011216727A CN 112525411 A CN112525411 A CN 112525411A
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pressure
chamber
measuring
hollow glass
differential pressure
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CN112525411B (en
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张俊
宋辰辰
李新成
孟金龙
孙唯斌
张帅帅
付镝
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00

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Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the internal pressure of glass microspheres based on a differential pressure method, which belong to the technical field of hollow glass microsphere testing, wherein the device for testing the internal pressure of the glass microspheres based on the differential pressure method comprises a measuring cavity, a comparison cavity, a hydraulic device, a differential pressure gauge, an absolute pressure gauge, thermocouples and a high-pressure gas cylinder, wherein pistons are arranged in the measuring cavity and the comparison cavity, the driving ends of the hydraulic device are respectively connected with the upper ends of two groups of pistons, the measuring ends of the two groups of thermocouples are respectively positioned in the measuring cavity and the comparison cavity, the bottom ends of the measuring cavity and the comparison cavity are respectively connected with the absolute pressure gauge through a pipeline, the differential pressure gauge is positioned on a pipeline between the bottom ends of the measuring cavity and the comparison cavity, and the gas inlet end of the high; the pressure of the inner bottom of the measuring cavity is increased to the MPa magnitude, and the pressure value of the inner hollow glass bead can be accurately measured by matching the hollow glass bead and the hollow glass bead within 5 atmospheric pressures by matching the comparison cavity and the differential pressure gauge.

Description

Device and method for testing pressure in glass beads based on differential pressure method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hollow glass bead testing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing pressure in glass beads based on a differential pressure method.
Background
The hollow glass bead is a hollow glass sphere with tiny size, has the advantages of light weight, low heat conduction, sound insulation, high dispersion, good electrical insulation property, good thermal stability and the like, can realize vacuum distribution in the glass bead by a vacuum technical means, reduces the vacuum degree in the vacuum glass bead and the heat conductivity coefficient compared with the traditional glass bead, has good heat insulation performance, and is more suitable for being used as a heat insulation material or a material filler. Therefore, how to test the gas pressure in the hollow glass microsphere is very important. The gas pressure in the hollow glass beads is an important characterization index of the hollow glass beads, the gas pressure in the hollow glass beads cannot be restricted during testing, and the existing pressure testing device and the existing pressure testing method are not complete in testing the materials of the type. Therefore, a device and a method for testing the pressure in the glass beads based on a differential pressure method are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a device and a method for testing the pressure in glass beads based on a differential pressure method, which have simple structure and reasonable design.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a glass bead internal pressure testing arrangement based on differential pressure method, is including measuring chamber, contrast chamber, hydraulic means, differential pressure gauge, absolute pressure gauge, thermocouple, gas cylinder, measure chamber, contrast intracavity and all be equipped with the piston, just the upper end of two sets of pistons is connected respectively to hydraulic means's drive end, and the measuring end of two sets of thermocouples is located respectively and measures chamber, contrast intracavity, the bottom of measuring chamber, contrast chamber all is through the pipe connection absolute pressure gauge, just the differential pressure gauge is located the pipeline between measuring chamber, the contrast chamber bottom, measurement chamber, contrast chamber are connected respectively to the inlet end of gas cylinder.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a balance valve is further arranged on a pipeline between the bottom ends of the measurement cavity and the comparison cavity, and the balance valve and the differential pressure gauge are positioned on two groups of parallel pipelines.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a stop valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the high-pressure air bottle.
A method for testing the pressure in glass beads based on a differential pressure method comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing hollow glass beads with the mass of m, filling the hollow glass beads into a measurement cavity, filling solid glass beads with the same volume into a comparison cavity, and pressing two pistons to the inlet positions of a cavity of the measurement cavity and the cavity of the comparison cavity respectively;
step 2: opening a stop valve at the gas inlet end of a high-pressure gas bottle, closing the stop valve after high-pressure gas fills a measurement cavity and a comparison cavity, opening a balance valve between the measurement cavity and the comparison cavity until the pressures in the two cavities are balanced, closing the balance valve, and collecting the front temperature T of compressed gas in the measurement cavity and the gas pressure P in the measurement cavity at the moment;
and step 3: starting a hydraulic device to drive a piston to compress high-pressure gas in a measurement cavity and a comparison cavity, moving the piston downwards until the hollow glass beads are completely crushed, closing the hydraulic device, and recording the change value of the absolute pressure of the measurement cavity and the comparison cavity, the differential pressure value delta P and the temperature T of the measurement cavity of the lowest pressure value of the measurement cavity in the moving process of the piston;
and 4, step 4: obtaining the internal pressure value P of the hollow glass microsphere according to an ideal gas equationXAnd the gas pressure P of the measuring cavity before the micro-beads are broken2And temperature T0And the gas pressure P of the measuring cavity after the micro-beads are broken1And T2And the relation of the differential pressure value delta P, thereby obtaining the internal pressure value P of the hollow glass microsphereXA value of (d);
as a further optimization scheme of the invention, the internal pressure value P of the hollow glass beadXAnd the gas pressure P of the measuring cavity before the micro-beads are broken2And temperature T0And the gas pressure P of the measuring cavity after the micro-beads are broken1And T2And the differential pressure value Δ P has the relationship:
PXVball+P2(V1-Vball)＝P1V1 (1)
Figure BDA0002760642990000031
P2＝P1+ΔP (3)
combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3) to obtain the internal pressure value P of the hollow glass microsphereX：
Figure BDA0002760642990000032
In the formula:
V0for measuring the total volume of the chamber, mm3；
V1For measuring the volume of the cavity after compression, mm3；
VballIs the volume of the hollow glass micro-beads in mm3。
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the formula (4):
Figure BDA0002760642990000033
from formulae (5) to (4), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0002760642990000034
n is the number of hollow glass microspheres;
Dballthe average grain diameter of the hollow glass microspheres is mm.
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the formula (5):
Figure BDA0002760642990000035
substituting (7) into (6) yields:
Figure BDA0002760642990000036
and m is the mass of the hollow glass bead in kg.
ρballIs the sphere density of the hollow glass micro-beads, kg/m3。
The invention has simple structure and reasonable design, and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device adopts the differential pressure gauge to match with the comparison chamber to measure the pressure change of the chamber before and after the hollow glass beads are crushed, the measuring method is reliable, and the measuring result is more accurate;
2. the device can crush the hollow glass beads by compressing high-pressure gas, and compared with a mechanical crushing device, the device can crush the hollow glass beads more uniformly and has higher crushing efficiency;
3. by improving the background pressure in the measuring chamber to the MPa magnitude and matching with a comparison chamber and a differential pressure gauge, the internal pressure value of the hollow glass beads can be accurately measured for the hollow glass beads with negative pressure inside and the positive pressure hollow glass beads with the pressure within 5 atmospheric pressures;
4. the piston is driven by a hydraulic device to compress gas in the closed space, so that tens of thousands of hollow glass microspheres are crushed, the number of the hollow glass microspheres can be calculated by weighing through a precision balance, the pressure change in the chamber can be measured by a differential pressure gauge, and the difficulties of high measurement difficulty and low measurement precision of single micro-nano glass microsphere are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the variation of gas pressure in the measurement chamber;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing changes in gas pressure in chambers.
In the figure: 1. a measurement cavity; 2. a contrast chamber; 3. a hydraulic device; 4. a differential pressure gauge; 5. an absolute pressure meter; 6. a thermocouple; 7. a high pressure gas cylinder; 8. a piston; 9. a balancing valve; 10. and a stop valve.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure testing device in glass beads based on differential pressure method in this embodiment includes a measuring chamber 1, a comparison chamber 2, a hydraulic device 3, a differential pressure gauge 4, an absolute pressure gauge 5, a thermocouple 6, and a high pressure gas cylinder 7, wherein pistons 8 are respectively disposed in the measuring chamber 1 and the comparison chamber 2, the driving end of the hydraulic device 3 is respectively connected to the upper ends of the two sets of pistons 8, the measuring ends of the two sets of thermocouples 6 are respectively located in the measuring chamber 1 and the comparison chamber 2, the bottom ends of the measuring chamber 1 and the comparison chamber 2 are respectively connected to the absolute pressure gauge 5 through a pipeline, the differential pressure gauge 4 is located on the pipeline between the bottom ends of the measuring chamber 1 and the comparison chamber 2, a balance valve 9 is further disposed on the pipeline between the bottom ends of the measuring chamber 1 and the comparison chamber 2, the balance valve 9 and the differential pressure gauge 4 are located on the two sets of parallel pipelines, the gas inlet end of the high pressure gas cylinder 7 is respectively connected to the measuring, the gas is nitrogen gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 7, high-pressure nitrogen gas gets into through the valve and measures chamber 1 and contrast chamber 2, hydraulic means 3 is through the drive piston downstream, compress two intracavity nitrogen gas, pressure risees to measure the hollow glass microballon in the chamber 1 and takes place the breakage, adopt 5 record compression process background pressure changes of absolute pressure meter, differential pressure meter 4 record measures the pressure differential change between chamber 1 and the contrast chamber 2, through measuring the pressure change before and after the hollow glass microballon is broken, solve and calculate single hollow glass microballon internal pressure value.
The measuring cavity 1 and the comparison cavity 2 adopt cylinders with the diameter of 20mm, the wall thickness of 5mm and the length of 500mm, and the inflation pressure of a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is 0.6 MPa.
The method for testing the pressure in the glass beads based on the differential pressure method by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing 0.2g of hollow glass microspheres by using a precision balance, filling the hollow glass microspheres into a measurement cavity 1, filling solid glass microspheres with the same volume into a comparison cavity 2, and pressing two pistons 8 to the inlet positions of cavities of the measurement cavity 1 and the comparison cavity 2 respectively;
step 2: opening 7 inlet end stop valves 10 of high-pressure gas cylinder, closing stop valves 10 after high-pressure gas is filled in measuring chamber 1 and contrast chamber 2, opening balance valve 9 between measuring chamber 1 and contrast chamber 2 to close balance valve 9 after pressure balance in two chambers, collecting temperature T before measuring chamber 1 compressed gas at the moment0And measuring the gas pressure P in the chamber 10；
And step 3: starting the hydraulic device 3 to drive the piston 8 to compress high-pressure gas in the measurement cavity 1 and the comparison cavity 2, closing the hydraulic device 3 after the piston 8 moves downwards to 450mm, recording the change value and the differential pressure value delta P of the absolute pressure of the measurement cavity 1 and the comparison cavity 2 in the moving process of the piston 8 and the temperature T of the measurement cavity 1, which is the lowest value of the pressure of the measurement cavity 12；
The change values of the absolute pressures of the measurement cavity 1 and the comparison cavity 2 in the moving process of the piston 8 are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, at the initial stage of the downward movement process of the piston 8, the pressures in the two cavities are lower than the crushing pressure of the hollow glass beads and are about 4MPa, the pressures in the two cavities are basically equal at the moment, the reading of a differential pressure gauge 4 is 0, the pressure in the measurement cavity is continuously increased until 6MPa along with the gradual increase of the piston stroke until 450mm, the breakage of the hollow glass beads is finished, and the pressure in the measurement cavity is rapidly reduced to P because the pressure in the hollow glass beads is far lower than the background1Accurately measuring the differential pressure value delta P of the two chambers through a differential pressure gauge;
and 4, step 4: obtaining the internal pressure value P of the hollow glass microsphere according to an ideal gas equationXThe gas pressure P of the measuring cavity 1 before the micro-beads are broken2And temperature T0The gas pressure P of the measuring cavity 1 after the micro-beads are broken1And T2And the relation of the differential pressure value Δ P:
PXVball+P2(V1-Vball)＝P1V1 (1)
Figure BDA0002760642990000061
P2＝P1+ΔP (3)
in the formula:
combining the formulas (1), (2) and (3) to obtain the internal pressure value P of the hollow glass microsphereX：
Figure BDA0002760642990000071
In the formula (4):
Figure BDA0002760642990000072
the pressure value P in the hollow glass microsphere is obtained by adding the formula (5) to the formula (4)XThe value of (c):
Figure BDA0002760642990000073
PXthe internal pressure value is Pa of the hollow glass microsphere;
P0measuring the gas pressure in the cavity, Pa;
Δ P is the differential pressure value, Pa;
T0measuring the temperature of gas before compression in the cavity, K;
T2measuring the temperature K of the compressed gas in the cavity after compression;
V0for measuring the total volume of the chamber 1, mm3；
V1For measuring the volume of the chamber 1 after compression, mm3；
VballIs the volume of the hollow glass micro-beads in mm3；
n is the number of hollow glass microspheres;
Dballthe average grain diameter of the hollow glass micro-beads is mm;
sphere density ρ of hollow glass microspheres is knownballAverage particle diameter DballThe number of the hollow glass beads can be obtained by a weighing method, and the number of the hollow glass beads contained in 0.2g is calculated to be about 76 thousands.
The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002760642990000074
substituting (7) into (6) yields:
Figure BDA0002760642990000075
and m is the mass of the hollow glass bead in kg.
ρballIs the sphere density of the hollow glass micro-beads, kg/m3；
Through preliminary calculation, when the background pressure in the measuring cavity 1 reaches the crushing pressure of the hollow glass beads to be 4MPa, the pressure in the cavity can be changed by 0.09Pa due to the crushing of a single hollow bead, the pressure change generated by crushing of 0.2g of the hollow glass beads can reach 65KPa, and the internal pressure value of the hollow glass beads can be accurately obtained through the measuring device and the measuring method.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试装置，其特征在于，其特征在于，包括测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)、液压装置(3)、差压计(4)、绝压计(5)、热电偶(6)、高压气瓶(7)，所述测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)内均设有活塞(8)，且所述液压装置(3)的驱动端分别连接两组活塞(8)的上端，两组热电偶(6)的测量端分别位于测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)内，所述测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)的底端均通过管道连接绝压计(5)，且所述差压计(4)位于测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)底端之间的管道上，所述高压气瓶(7)的进气端分别连接测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)。1. A glass microbead internal pressure testing device based on a differential pressure method, characterized in that, comprising a measuring chamber (1), a contrast chamber (2), a hydraulic device (3), a differential pressure gauge (4) , absolute pressure gauge (5), thermocouple (6), high pressure gas cylinder (7), pistons (8) are provided in the measuring chamber (1) and comparison chamber (2), and the hydraulic device (3) ) are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two groups of pistons (8), and the measurement ends of the two groups of thermocouples (6) are respectively located in the measurement chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2), the measurement chamber (1), the comparison chamber The bottom ends of (2) are connected to the absolute pressure gauge (5) through pipes, and the differential pressure gauge (4) is located on the pipe between the bottom ends of the measurement chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2). The air inlet end of the bottle (7) is respectively connected to the measurement chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试装置，其特征在于：所述测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)的底端之间的管道上还设有平衡阀(9)，所述平衡阀(9)和差压计(4)位于平行的两组管道上。2. A glass microbead internal pressure testing device based on differential pressure method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pipeline between the bottom ends of the measuring cavity (1) and the contrast cavity (2) is further A balance valve (9) is provided, and the balance valve (9) and the differential pressure gauge (4) are located on two parallel sets of pipelines. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试装置，其特征在于：所述高压气瓶(7)的进气端设有截止阀(10)。3. A differential pressure method-based glass microbead internal pressure testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: a shut-off valve (10) is provided at the inlet end of the high-pressure gas cylinder (7). 4.一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试方法，采用权利要求3所述的一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试装置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：4. a kind of pressure testing method in glass microspheres based on differential pressure method, adopts a kind of pressure testing device in glass microspheres based on differential pressure method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 步骤1：称取质量为m的空心玻璃微珠装填至测量腔(1)，装填相同体积的实心玻璃微珠至对比腔(2)，两活塞(8)分别压至测量腔(1)和对比腔(2)腔室入口位置；Step 1: Weigh the hollow glass microbeads of mass m and fill them into the measuring chamber (1), fill the same volume of solid glass microbeads into the comparison chamber (2), and press the two pistons (8) to the measuring chambers (1) and Contrast chamber (2) the position of the chamber entrance; 步骤2：打开高压气瓶(7)进气端截止阀(10)，高压气体充满测量腔(1)和对比腔(2)后关闭截止阀(10)，打开测量腔(1)、对比腔(2)之间的平衡阀(9)至两腔体内压力平衡后关闭平衡阀(9)，采集此时测量腔(1)压缩气体前温度T0和测量腔(1)内气体压力P0；Step 2: Open the shut-off valve (10) at the inlet end of the high-pressure gas cylinder (7), fill the measurement chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2) with high-pressure gas, close the shut-off valve (10), and open the measurement chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2) between the balance valve (9) and the pressure in the two chambers, close the balance valve (9), and collect the temperature T 0 before the compressed gas in the measurement chamber (1) and the gas pressure P 0 in the measurement chamber (1). ; 步骤3：启动液压装置(3)驱动活塞(8)压缩测量腔(1)和对比腔(2)内高压气体，活塞(8)向下运动至空心玻璃微珠完全破碎后关闭液压装置(3)，记录活塞(8)移动过程中测量腔(1)和对比腔(2)绝对压力的变化值、差压值ΔP以及测量腔(1)压力最低值测量腔(1)温度T2；Step 3: Activate the hydraulic device (3) to drive the piston (8) to compress the high-pressure gas in the measuring chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2). The piston (8) moves downward until the hollow glass beads are completely broken and then closes the hydraulic device (3). ), record the change value of the absolute pressure of the measuring chamber (1) and the comparison chamber (2), the differential pressure value ΔP and the minimum pressure value of the measuring chamber (1) during the movement of the piston (8) and the temperature T2 of the measuring chamber ( 1 ); 步骤4：根据理想气态方程，得到空心玻璃微珠内压力值PX、测量腔(1)在微珠破碎前气体压强P2和温度T0、测量腔(1)在微珠破碎后气体压强P1和T2以及差压值ΔP的关系，从而得到空心玻璃微珠内压力值PX的值。Step 4: According to the ideal gas equation, obtain the pressure value P X in the hollow glass micro-bead, the gas pressure P 2 and temperature T 0 of the measuring chamber (1) before the micro-bead is broken, and the gas pressure of the measuring chamber (1) after the micro-bead is broken The relationship between P 1 and T 2 and the differential pressure value ΔP, so as to obtain the value of the pressure value P X in the hollow glass microsphere. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试方法，其特征在于：所述空心玻璃微珠内压力值PX、测量腔(1)在微珠破碎前气体压强P2和温度T0、测量腔(1)在微珠破碎后气体压强P1和T2以及差压值ΔP的关系为：5. A kind of pressure test method in glass microbeads based on differential pressure method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the pressure value P X in the hollow glass microbeads, the measuring cavity (1) before the microbeads are broken The relationship between the gas pressure P 2 and the temperature T 0 , the gas pressure P 1 and T 2 and the differential pressure value ΔP in the measuring chamber (1) after the beads are broken is: PXVball+P2(V1-Vball)＝P1V1 (1)P X V ball +P 2 (V 1 -V ball )=P 1 V 1 (1)
Figure FDA0002760642980000021
Figure FDA0002760642980000021
 P2＝P1+ΔP (3)P 2 =P 1 +ΔP (3) 将(1)、(2)、(3)式结合，可得空心玻璃微珠内压力值PX：Combining equations (1), (2) and (3), the pressure value P X in the hollow glass microspheres can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002760642980000022
Figure FDA0002760642980000022
 式中：where: V0为测量腔(1)总体积，mm3；V 0 is the total volume of the measuring cavity (1), mm 3 ; V1为压缩后测量腔(1)体积，mm3；V 1 is the volume of the cavity (1) after compression, mm 3 ; Vball为空心玻璃微珠所占体积，mm3。V ball is the volume occupied by hollow glass microspheres, mm 3 . 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试方法，其特征在于：所述公式(4)中：6. A kind of pressure test method in glass microbeads based on differential pressure method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in described formula (4):
Figure FDA0002760642980000031
Figure FDA0002760642980000031
 将式(5)到式(4)中，可得：Combining formula (5) into formula (4), we can get:
Figure FDA0002760642980000032
Figure FDA0002760642980000032
 n为空心玻璃微珠个数；n is the number of hollow glass beads; Dball为空心玻璃微珠的平均粒径，mm。D ball is the average particle size of hollow glass microbeads, mm. 7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于差压法的玻璃微珠内压力测试方法，其特征在于：所述公式(5)中：7. A kind of pressure test method in glass microbeads based on differential pressure method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in described formula (5):
Figure FDA0002760642980000033
Figure FDA0002760642980000033
 将(7)代入到(6)中，可得：Substituting (7) into (6), we get:
Figure FDA0002760642980000034
Figure FDA0002760642980000034
 m为空心玻璃微珠的质量，kg。m is the mass of hollow glass beads, kg. ρball为空心玻璃微珠的球体密度，kg/m3。ρ ball is the spherical density of hollow glass microspheres, kg/m 3 .
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CN114858391A (en) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-05 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 Test device for simulating airflow impact pressure load in high-temperature environment

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