CN112524630B - A system for combining boiler and steam turbine coupling heat recovery and power generation using flue gas waste heat - Google Patents
A system for combining boiler and steam turbine coupling heat recovery and power generation using flue gas waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/36—Water and air preheating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
- F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
- F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种利用烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统，包括两套烟气余热利用子系统，其中有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统采用R245fa作为工质，R245fa在蒸发器中吸收烟气余热蒸发气化，再进入透平膨胀机中膨胀做功，完成做功后工质进入冷凝器预热引入的二次风，形成R245fa余热利用回路；烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统中，从空气预热器送出的烟气经烟气冷却器的处理后，回收的烟气余热通过循环水部分送至暖风器，用于二次预热二次风，二次风经由空气预热器后送入电厂锅炉。本发明不仅实现了烟气余热的梯级利用，降低空气预热器的换热不可逆损失，同时有机朗肯循环所发电量可供电厂自用，大幅提高了机组的经济效益。
The present invention discloses a system for utilizing flue gas waste heat for combined boiler steam turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation, including two sets of flue gas waste heat utilization subsystems, wherein the organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem uses R245fa as a working fluid, R245fa absorbs flue gas waste heat in the evaporator to evaporate and gasify, and then enters the turbine expander to expand and do work, and after completing the work, the working fluid enters the condenser to preheat the introduced secondary air, forming an R245fa waste heat utilization loop; in the flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem of the flue gas cooler combined with the air preheater, the flue gas sent from the air preheater is processed by the flue gas cooler, and the recovered flue gas waste heat is partially sent to the heater through the circulating water part, which is used for secondary preheating of the secondary air, and the secondary air is sent to the power plant boiler after passing through the air preheater. The present invention not only realizes the cascade utilization of flue gas waste heat and reduces the irreversible heat exchange loss of the air preheater, but also the electricity generated by the organic Rankine cycle can be used by the power plant for self-use, greatly improving the economic benefits of the unit.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及燃煤电厂热能利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种利用燃煤电厂烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal energy utilization in coal-fired power plants, and in particular to a system for utilizing waste heat from flue gas in coal-fired power plants to perform combined boiler-steam turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation.
背景技术Background Art
燃煤电厂由于炉内结焦以及空气预热器积灰等原因，导致锅炉受热面传热性能降低，排烟温度升高。在锅炉的各种热损失中，排烟热损失占60％以上。影响排烟损失的主要因素是排烟温度，排烟温度每下降10K，锅炉热效率可提高约1％。因此，锅炉排烟蕴藏着巨大的余热资源，有必要对这部分余热进行合理应用以实现火电机组的节能降耗。Coal-fired power plants have reduced heat transfer performance of boiler heating surfaces and increased flue gas temperature due to coking in the furnace and ash accumulation in the air preheater. Among the various heat losses of the boiler, flue gas heat loss accounts for more than 60%. The main factor affecting flue gas loss is the flue gas temperature. For every 10K drop in flue gas temperature, the thermal efficiency of the boiler can be increased by about 1%. Therefore, boiler flue gas contains huge waste heat resources, and it is necessary to reasonably apply this part of waste heat to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction of thermal power units.
现有燃煤电厂广泛利用烟气余热预热空气，如公开号为CN 104747244A和CN203626908 U提供的基于有机朗肯循环的烟气余热发电系统。在燃煤电厂的空气预热器中，由于锅炉排烟单位温降放热量大于送风单位温降吸热量，导致空气预热器烟气出口侧(空气入口侧)换热温差大，达100℃以上，导致空气预热器不可逆损失较大。Existing coal-fired power plants widely use flue gas waste heat to preheat air, such as the flue gas waste heat power generation system based on the organic Rankine cycle provided by publication numbers CN 104747244A and CN203626908 U. In the air preheater of a coal-fired power plant, since the heat released by the unit temperature drop of the boiler exhaust is greater than the heat absorbed by the unit temperature drop of the air supply, the heat exchange temperature difference on the flue gas outlet side (air inlet side) of the air preheater is large, reaching more than 100°C, resulting in large irreversible losses in the air preheater.
厂用电率是燃煤电厂重要经济性能指标之一，其高低直接反映出电厂能源的转换效率，也在一定程度上决定着机组的盈利能力，降低厂用电率是提高机组经济效益和竞争力的重要方法，由于烟气温度较低，利用烟气余热发电以降低厂用电率在技术上不易实现。The plant power consumption rate is one of the important economic performance indicators of coal-fired power plants. Its level directly reflects the energy conversion efficiency of the power plant and also determines the profitability of the unit to a certain extent. Reducing the plant power consumption rate is an important way to improve the economic benefits and competitiveness of the unit. Due to the low flue gas temperature, it is technically difficult to use flue gas waste heat to generate electricity to reduce the plant power consumption rate.
有机朗肯循环采用低沸点的有机物作为工质，能够有效的回收中低温热源进行发电，并且结构简单、运行稳定、成本低。The organic Rankine cycle uses low-boiling-point organic matter as the working fluid, which can effectively recover medium and low-temperature heat sources for power generation. It has a simple structure, stable operation and low cost.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种利用燃煤电厂烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统。本发明能够优化空气预热器的换热过程，降低其换热不可逆损失，同时还可以降低电厂厂用电率，从而大幅提高机组的经济效益。In order to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system for utilizing the waste heat of flue gas from coal-fired power plants for combined boiler steam turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation. The present invention can optimize the heat exchange process of the air preheater, reduce its irreversible heat exchange loss, and at the same time reduce the power consumption rate of the power plant, thereby greatly improving the economic benefits of the unit.
为实现上述发明目的，本申请采用的具体技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above invention objectives, the specific technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows:
一种利用烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统，包括有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统和烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统；A system for utilizing flue gas waste heat for combined boiler-turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation, comprising an organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem and a flue gas cooler combined with a heater flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem;
所述有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统包括依次连接的蒸发器、透平膨胀机、冷凝器和工质泵；采用R245fa作为工质，R245fa在所述蒸发器中吸收烟气余热蒸发气化，再进入所述透平膨胀机中膨胀做功，完成做功后工质进入冷凝器预热引入的二次风，冷凝后的工质通过工质泵进入蒸发器，形成R245fa余热利用回路；The organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem comprises an evaporator, a turbine expander, a condenser and a working fluid pump connected in sequence; R245fa is used as the working fluid, R245fa absorbs the flue gas waste heat in the evaporator to evaporate and gasify, then enters the turbine expander to expand and do work, after completing the work, the working fluid enters the condenser to preheat the secondary air introduced, and the condensed working fluid enters the evaporator through the working fluid pump, forming an R245fa waste heat utilization loop;
所述烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统包括：沿烟气流动方向依次连接的空气预热器、烟气冷却器、电除尘器、引风机、脱硫塔和烟囱；与所述烟气冷却器连接形成第一循环水余热利用回路的暖风器；从空气预热器送出的烟气经烟气冷却器的处理后，回收的烟气余热通过循环水部分送至暖风器，用于二次预热所述的二次风，所述二次风经由空气预热器后送入电厂锅炉。The flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem of the flue gas cooler combined with the air heater comprises: an air preheater, a flue gas cooler, an electrostatic precipitator, an induced draft fan, a desulfurization tower and a chimney connected in sequence along the flue gas flow direction; an air heater connected to the flue gas cooler to form a first circulating water waste heat utilization loop; after the flue gas sent out from the air preheater is processed by the flue gas cooler, the recovered flue gas waste heat is sent to the air heater through the circulating water part for secondary preheating of the secondary air, and the secondary air is sent to the power plant boiler after passing through the air preheater.
优选的，所述电厂锅炉尾部烟道采用分隔式两路烟道，烟气通过两路烟道分别进入有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统和烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统。Preferably, the tail flue of the power plant boiler adopts a separated two-way flue, and the flue gas enters the organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem and the flue gas cooler combined with the heater flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem respectively through the two flue.
进一步优选的，进入所述有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统的一路烟气经所述蒸发器中放热后，在所述电除尘器前与进入烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统的另一路烟气汇合，完成后续的烟气处理。Further preferably, after releasing heat in the evaporator, one flue gas entering the organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem is combined with another flue gas entering the flue gas cooler combined with a heater before the electrostatic precipitator to complete subsequent flue gas treatment.
进一步优选的，汇合后的烟气依次通过电除尘器、引风机、脱硫塔和烟囱完成烟气处理后排出。Further preferably, the combined flue gas passes through an electrostatic precipitator, an induced draft fan, a desulfurization tower and a chimney in sequence to complete flue gas treatment before being discharged.
本申请的利用烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统，还包括汽轮机组回热系统，所述烟气冷却器与汽轮机组回热系统连接，形成第二循环水余热利用回路。The system of the present application for utilizing flue gas waste heat for combined boiler-turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation also includes a steam turbine unit heat recovery system, and the flue gas cooler is connected to the steam turbine unit heat recovery system to form a second circulating water waste heat utilization loop.
优选的，所述汽轮机组回热系统包括六号低压加热器、七号低压加热器和八号低压加热器；第二循环水从所述八号低压加热器入口和七号低压加热器出口流出与所述暖风器流出的第一循环水汇合后，流向所述烟气冷却器重新回收烟气余热，再从所述烟气冷却器部分流出至所述六号低压加热器。Preferably, the steam turbine unit heat recovery system includes low-pressure heater No. 6, low-pressure heater No. 7 and low-pressure heater No. 8; the second circulating water flows out from the inlet of low-pressure heater No. 8 and the outlet of low-pressure heater No. 7 and merges with the first circulating water flowing out of the heater, flows to the flue gas cooler to recover the flue gas waste heat, and then partially flows out from the flue gas cooler to the low-pressure heater No. 6.
优选的，所述蒸发器的出口烟气温度控制在85℃，可保证烟气除尘器电除尘器在酸露点以下运行及防止堵灰情况发生。Preferably, the outlet flue gas temperature of the evaporator is controlled at 85° C., which can ensure that the flue gas dust collector and the electrostatic precipitator operate below the acid dew point and prevent ash blockage.
进一步优选的，所述空气预热器中送出的烟气经烟气冷却器的处理后，烟气温度降至85℃以下，回收的烟气余热通过循环水部分送至暖风器，将二次风二次预热到75℃以上。Further preferably, after the flue gas sent out from the air preheater is processed by the flue gas cooler, the flue gas temperature drops to below 85°C, and the recovered flue gas waste heat is sent to the heater through the circulating water portion to preheat the secondary air to above 75°C.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的系统包括有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统和烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统；不仅实现了烟气余热的梯级利用，降低空气预热器的换热不可逆损失，同时有机朗肯循环所发电量可供电厂自用，大幅提高了机组的经济效益。The system of the present invention comprises an organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem and a flue gas cooler combined with a heater flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem; it not only realizes the cascade utilization of flue gas waste heat and reduces the irreversible heat exchange loss of the air preheater, but also the electricity generated by the organic Rankine cycle can be used by the power plant for its own use, greatly improving the economic benefits of the unit.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明利用烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统结构图；FIG1 is a structural diagram of a system for utilizing flue gas waste heat to perform combined boiler-turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation according to the present invention;
图中：1为蒸发器，2为透平膨胀机，3为冷凝器，4为工质泵，5为空气预热器，6为烟气冷却器，7为电除尘器，8为二号引风机，9为脱硫塔，10为烟囱，11为暖风器，12为六号低压加热器，13为七号低压加热器，14为八号低压加热器，15为一号引风机。In the figure: 1 is an evaporator, 2 is a turbine expander, 3 is a condenser, 4 is a working fluid pump, 5 is an air preheater, 6 is a flue gas cooler, 7 is an electrostatic precipitator, 8 is a No. 2 induced draft fan, 9 is a desulfurization tower, 10 is a chimney, 11 is a heater, 12 is a No. 6 low-pressure heater, 13 is a No. 7 low-pressure heater, 14 is a No. 8 low-pressure heater, and 15 is a No. 1 induced draft fan.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明并不限于下面公开的具体实施例的限制。In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
如图1所示，一种利用燃煤电厂烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电的系统，包括有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统和烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统。该系统在燃煤电厂锅炉尾部烟道采用分隔式两路烟道，烟气通过两路烟道分别进入上述两个子系统。As shown in Figure 1, a system for utilizing flue gas waste heat from a coal-fired power plant for combined boiler-turbine coupled heat recovery and power generation includes an organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem and a flue gas cooler combined with a heater flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem. The system uses a separated two-way flue in the tail flue of the coal-fired power plant boiler, and the flue gas enters the above two subsystems respectively through the two flues.
有机朗肯循环发电烟气余热利用子系统包括蒸发器1、透平膨胀机2、冷凝器3和工质泵4，蒸发器1、透平膨胀机2、冷凝器3和工质泵4依次连接。采用R245fa作为工质，R245fa在蒸发器1中吸收烟气余热蒸发气化，然后进入透平膨胀机2中膨胀做功，完成做功后工质进入冷凝器3，与一号引风机15引入的二次风换热后被冷凝，二次风自身完成一次预热。冷凝器3入口的二次风温度为20℃，完成一次预热后温度升高10℃。冷凝后的工质通过工质泵4加压后重新进入蒸发器1，如此循环往复。为保证烟气除尘器电除尘器在酸露点以下运行及防止堵灰情况发生，蒸发器1的出口烟气温度控制在85℃，蒸发器1的出口烟气在电除尘器7前与另一路烟气汇合，完成后续的烟气处理。The organic Rankine cycle power generation flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem includes an evaporator 1, a turbine expander 2, a condenser 3 and a working fluid pump 4, and the evaporator 1, the turbine expander 2, the condenser 3 and the working fluid pump 4 are connected in sequence. R245fa is used as the working fluid. R245fa absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas in the evaporator 1 to evaporate and gasify, and then enters the turbine expander 2 to expand and do work. After the work is completed, the working fluid enters the condenser 3, and is condensed after heat exchange with the secondary air introduced by the No. 1 induced draft fan 15, and the secondary air itself completes a preheating. The temperature of the secondary air at the inlet of the condenser 3 is 20°C, and the temperature rises by 10°C after completing a preheating. The condensed working fluid is pressurized by the working fluid pump 4 and then re-enters the evaporator 1, and the cycle repeats. In order to ensure that the flue gas dust collector and electrostatic precipitator operate below the acid dew point and prevent ash blockage, the outlet flue gas temperature of evaporator 1 is controlled at 85°C. The outlet flue gas of evaporator 1 merges with another flue gas before electrostatic precipitator 7 to complete subsequent flue gas treatment.
烟气冷却器联合暖风器的烟气余热利用子系统包括空气预热器5、烟气冷却器6、电除尘器7、引风机8、脱硫塔9、烟囱10和暖风器11，空气预热器5、烟气冷却器6、电除尘器7、引风机8、脱硫塔9和烟囱10沿烟气流动方向依次连接，烟气冷却器6和暖风器11连接形成第一循环水余热利用回路。此外，烟气冷却器6还与汽轮机组回热系统的六号低压加热器12、七号低压加热器13和八号低压加热器14相连，形成第二循环水余热利用回路。在本实施例中，从空气预热器5中送出的烟气温度约为162℃，经烟气冷却器6的处理后，烟气温度降至85℃。此时回收的烟气余热通过循环水部分送至暖风器11，实现将二次风二次预热到75℃以上。然后二次预热后的二次风经由空气预热器5后送入锅炉，空气预热器前二次风的两级预热降低了空气预热器的换热不可逆损失并提高锅炉效率。另外，暖风器11出口的循环水会同七号低压加热器13的出口水和八号低压加热器14入口水，进入烟气冷却器6重新回收烟气余热，完成余热回收后的循环水一部分进入暖风器11，一部分回到六号低压加热器12。The flue gas waste heat utilization subsystem of the flue gas cooler combined with the heater includes an air preheater 5, a flue gas cooler 6, an electrostatic precipitator 7, an induced draft fan 8, a desulfurization tower 9, a chimney 10 and a heater 11. The air preheater 5, the flue gas cooler 6, the electrostatic precipitator 7, the induced draft fan 8, the desulfurization tower 9 and the chimney 10 are connected in sequence along the flue gas flow direction, and the flue gas cooler 6 and the heater 11 are connected to form a first circulating water waste heat utilization loop. In addition, the flue gas cooler 6 is also connected to the No. 6 low-pressure heater 12, the No. 7 low-pressure heater 13 and the No. 8 low-pressure heater 14 of the steam turbine unit heat recovery system to form a second circulating water waste heat utilization loop. In this embodiment, the flue gas temperature sent from the air preheater 5 is about 162°C. After being processed by the flue gas cooler 6, the flue gas temperature drops to 85°C. At this time, the recovered flue gas waste heat is sent to the heater 11 through the circulating water part, so that the secondary air is preheated to above 75°C. Then the secondary air after the secondary preheating is sent to the boiler after passing through the air preheater 5. The two-stage preheating of the secondary air before the air preheater reduces the irreversible heat exchange loss of the air preheater and improves the boiler efficiency. In addition, the circulating water at the outlet of the heater 11, together with the outlet water of the No. 7 low-pressure heater 13 and the inlet water of the No. 8 low-pressure heater 14, enters the flue gas cooler 6 to recycle the flue gas waste heat. After the waste heat recovery is completed, part of the circulating water enters the heater 11, and part returns to the No. 6 low-pressure heater 12.
来自蒸发器1出口和烟气冷却器6出口的两路烟气在电除尘器7前汇合，汇合后的烟气依次通过电除尘器7、二号引风机8、脱硫塔9和烟囱10完成烟气处理后排出。The two flue gases from the outlet of the evaporator 1 and the outlet of the flue gas cooler 6 merge in front of the electrostatic precipitator 7. The merged flue gas passes through the electrostatic precipitator 7, the No. 2 induced draft fan 8, the desulfurization tower 9 and the chimney 10 in sequence to complete the flue gas treatment and then is discharged.
本实施例通过对烟气余热进行联合锅炉汽机耦合回热及发电利用，所提出的系统不仅实现了烟气余热的梯级利用，降低空气预热器的换热不可逆损失，同时有机朗肯循环所发电量可供电厂自用，大幅提高了机组的经济效益。In this embodiment, the waste heat of flue gas is combined with boiler steam turbine for heat recovery and power generation. The proposed system not only realizes the cascade utilization of waste heat of flue gas and reduces the irreversible heat exchange loss of air preheater, but also the electricity generated by organic Rankine cycle can be used by the power plant for its own use, which greatly improves the economic benefits of the unit.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施举例，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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