CN112516777A - Carbon fixation device for thermal power plant and carbon fixation process method - Google Patents
Carbon fixation device for thermal power plant and carbon fixation process method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112516777A CN112516777A CN202011489343.0A CN202011489343A CN112516777A CN 112516777 A CN112516777 A CN 112516777A CN 202011489343 A CN202011489343 A CN 202011489343A CN 112516777 A CN112516777 A CN 112516777A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/24—Sulfates of ammonium
- C01C1/244—Preparation by double decomposition of ammonium salts with sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D7/16—Preparation from compounds of sodium or potassium with amines and carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于热发电厂的固碳装置及固碳工艺方法，其中，用于热发电厂的固碳装置，包括具有输入端和输出端的吸氨塔，具有输入端和输出端的碳化器，具有输入端和输出端的管式微滤膜，具有输入端和输出端的蒸发浓缩器，及具有输入端和输出端的降温结晶器；所述吸氨塔的输出端与所述碳化器的输入端连接，所述碳化器的输出端与所述管式微滤膜的输入端连接，所述管式微滤膜的输出端与所述蒸发浓缩器的输入端连接，所述蒸发浓缩器的输出端与所述降温结晶器的输入端连接。本发明可有效地降低二氧化碳的排放，还可以产生工业副产品，降低成本，提高了经济效益，能够更好地满足了需求。
The present invention relates to a carbon fixation device and a carbon fixation process for a thermal power plant, wherein the carbon fixation device for a thermal power plant includes an ammonia absorption tower with an input end and an output end, a carbonizer with an input end and an output end, A tubular microfiltration membrane with an input end and an output end, an evaporation concentrator with an input end and an output end, and a cooling crystallizer with an input end and an output end; the output end of the ammonia absorption tower is connected to the input end of the carbonizer, The output end of the carbonizer is connected to the input end of the tubular microfiltration membrane, the output end of the tubular microfiltration membrane is connected to the input end of the evaporative concentrator, and the output end of the evaporative concentrator is connected to the The input terminal of the cooling crystallizer is connected. The invention can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, can also produce industrial by-products, reduces costs, improves economic benefits, and can better meet demands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon fixation of a thermal power plant, in particular to a carbon fixation device and a carbon fixation process method for the thermal power plant.
Background
In order to alleviate the influence of greenhouse effect on ecological environment, the current carbon dioxide emission reduction technology can be roughly divided into three categories: pre-combustion trapping, in-combustion trapping, and post-combustion trapping.
The pre-combustion trapping technology is mainly applied to an integrated gasification combined cycle power generation (IGCC) system and can be specifically refined into two parts, wherein the first part is to gasify and purify fuel at first, then to generate power by combining purified fuel gas and steam in a cycle mode, the second part is a gas turbine power generation system, and a waste heat boiler-steam turbine power generation system is used for generating power by combining the fuel gas and the steam in a cycle mode at one time;
the trapping technology in combustion is an oxygen/carbon dioxide oxygen-enriched combustion technology, oxygen and part of circulating flue gas are used for replacing the traditional air for combustion, and as the oxygen concentration in combustion-supporting gas is higher, the combustion is more complete, the blackness of the flue gas is greatly reduced, and the heat loss is reduced due to the reduction of the nitrogen amount;
the post-combustion capture technology is used for separating carbon dioxide from combusted flue gas and mainly comprises an absorption method, an adsorption method and a membrane separation method, wherein the absorption method comprises physical absorption and chemical absorption, and the physical absorption means that the carbon dioxide is captured and separated alternately by using an organic solvent with high solubility to the carbon dioxide in a pressure increasing and reducing mode; the chemical absorption method is to dissolve and capture carbon dioxide by using an alkaline solution and then separate the carbon dioxide by desorption; the adsorption method is to selectively adsorb carbon dioxide by an adsorbent under certain conditions and then analyze and separate the carbon dioxide. The membrane separation method is also called a molecular sieve method, and different polymeric materials have different permeability to different others to separate carbon dioxide from the flue gas at the tail of the boiler;
however, the method has the problems of high operation energy consumption and low production economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a carbon fixing device and a carbon fixing process method for a thermal power plant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the carbon fixing device for the thermal power plant comprises an ammonia absorption tower with an input end and an output end, a carbonizer with an input end and an output end, a tubular microfiltration membrane with an input end and an output end, an evaporation concentrator with an input end and an output end, and a cooling crystallizer with an input end and an output end; the output end of the ammonia absorption tower is connected with the input end of the carbonizer, the output end of the carbonizer is connected with the input end of the tubular microfiltration membrane, the output end of the tubular microfiltration membrane is connected with the input end of the evaporation concentrator, and the output end of the evaporation concentrator is connected with the input end of the cooling crystallizer.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and the input end of the ammonia absorption tower is used for inputting waste gas and ammonia water of a thermal power plant.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the output end of the carbonizer is also connected with a separator.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the output end of the carbonizer is also connected with an acid washing tower.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the output end of the evaporation concentrator is also connected with a heat exchanger.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the output end of the cooling crystallizer is also connected with the input end of the carbonizer.
The carbon sequestration process method for the thermal power plant is based on the carbon sequestration device for the thermal power plant and comprises the following steps:
inputting waste gas of a thermal power plant and ammonia water into an ammonia absorption tower, carrying out chemical combination reaction on carbon dioxide and ammonia water in the waste gas to generate saturated solution of ammonium bicarbonate, and inputting the saturated solution of ammonium bicarbonate and the residual mixed solution into a carbonizer;
adding sodium sulfate into a carbonizer, and carrying out double decomposition reaction on the ammonium bicarbonate solution and the sodium sulfate to generate sodium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate;
precipitating sodium bicarbonate, and filtering ammonium sulfate and the rest mixed solution;
evaporating and concentrating the filtered ammonium sulfate and the mixed solution to form a thick liquid;
and cooling and crystallizing the thick liquid to separate out ammonium sulfate crystals and form concentrated mother liquor.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the mixed solution comprises mixed oil sodium sulfate, carbonate, and suspended matter.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and in the step of evaporating and concentrating the filtered ammonium sulfate and the mixed solution to form the thick liquid, the evaporation temperature is more than 110 ℃.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the main component in the concentrated mother liquor is sodium sulfate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, can also produce industrial byproducts, reduces the cost, improves the economic benefit and can better meet the requirements.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a carbon sequestration plant for thermal power plants in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a carbon sequestration process for thermal power plants in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be connected or detachably connected or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above should not be understood to necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present invention discloses a carbon sequestration apparatus for thermal power plant, as shown in fig. 1, comprising an ammonia absorption tower 10 having an input and an output, a carbonizer 20 having an input and an output, a tubular microfiltration membrane 30 having an input and an output, an evaporative concentrator 40 having an input and an output, and a desuperheater crystallizer 50 having an input and an output; the output end of the ammonia absorption tower 10 is connected with the input end of the carbonizer 20, the output end of the carbonizer 20 is connected with the input end of the tubular microfiltration membrane 30, the output end of the tubular microfiltration membrane 30 is connected with the input end of the evaporation concentrator 40, and the output end of the evaporation concentrator 40 is connected with the input end of the cooling crystallizer 50.
Wherein, the input end of the ammonia absorption tower 10 is used for inputting the waste gas and the ammonia water of the thermal power plant.
Wherein, the output end of the carbonizer 20 is further connected with a separator 60, and the separator 60 is used for separating out sodium bicarbonate crystals.
The output end of the carbonizer 20 is also connected with an acid washing tower 70, the acid washing tower 70 is used for absorbing free ammonia of discharged flue gas, on one hand, free ammonium ions are absorbed through sulfuric acid solution, meanwhile, moisture in the flue gas is also absorbed, the effect of reducing haze is realized, meanwhile, the absorption tower adopts a low-resistance gas-liquid separator, efficient gas-liquid separation is realized, acid escape is avoided, discharged moisture in the flue gas is recovered, and water recovery is realized.
Wherein, the output end of the evaporation concentrator 40 is further connected with a heat exchanger 80, and the heat exchanger 80 is used for hot gas exchange.
The output end of the cooling crystallizer 50 is further connected with the input end of the carbonizer 20, and is used for returning the sodium sulfate solution to the carbonizer 20 for double decomposition reaction, so as to realize recycling.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also discloses a carbon sequestration process method for a thermal power plant, based on the carbon sequestration device for a thermal power plant, comprising the following steps:
s1, inputting the waste gas of the thermal power plant and ammonia water into an ammonia absorption tower, carrying out chemical combination reaction on carbon dioxide in the waste gas and the ammonia water to generate saturated solution of ammonium bicarbonate, and inputting the saturated solution of ammonium bicarbonate and the residual mixed solution into a carbonizer;
the waste gas of the thermal power plant firstly enters an ammonia absorption tower, liquid ammonia is diluted with water and is subjected to chemical combination reaction with carbon dioxide in the ammonia absorption tower, and the reaction principle is as follows:
NH3·H2O+CO2＝NH4HCO3+H2O
the ammonia absorption tower is an industrial product and has mature technology.
S2, adding sodium sulfate into the carbonizer, and carrying out double decomposition reaction on the ammonium bicarbonate solution and the sodium sulfate to generate sodium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate;
the method comprises the steps of introducing flue gas into a carbonizer, adding industrial by-product sodium sulfate into the carbonizer, carrying out double decomposition reaction between the sodium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate solution to generate sodium bicarbonate and ammonium sulfate, wherein the introduced flue gas is continuously contacted, the absorption rate of carbon is kept above 60%, liquid ammonium bicarbonate saturated solution is formed, the saturated solution enters the carbonizer, the industrial by-product sodium sulfate is added into the carbonizer, and the sodium sulfate and the ammonium bicarbonate solution are subjected to double decomposition reaction to generate the sodium bicarbonate and the ammonium sulfate.
S3, precipitating sodium bicarbonate, and filtering ammonium sulfate and the rest mixed solution;
wherein, ammonium sulfate and the remaining mixed solution enter a tubular microfiltration membrane, and impurities such as suspended matters and the like are removed through precise filtration, so that the solution is purified.
In the embodiment, the mixed solution contains mixed oil sodium sulfate, carbonate and suspended matters.
S4, evaporating and concentrating the filtered ammonium sulfate and the mixed solution to form a thick liquid;
the evaporation concentrator adopts an evaporator with multi-effect cascade heat energy utilization, a primary port of the evaporation concentrator enters primary steam, the steam temperature is higher than 110 ℃, secondary steam exits from a secondary port, the secondary steam is connected with a heat exchanger, an output port of the heat exchanger enters combustion-supporting air of a power plant and condensate water of the primary power plant, the steam condenses through heat exchange, the heat is recovered to a boiler system of the power plant through heating the combustion-supporting air and the condensate water of the power plant, and therefore the heat energy is utilized in a cascade mode, the heat energy loss of the power plant is reduced, compared with the existing carbon curing technology, the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved by at least 60%, and therefore the cost of an evaporation solution is greatly reduced.
And S5, cooling and crystallizing the thick liquid to separate out ammonium sulfate crystals and form concentrated mother liquor.
Wherein, the concentrated liquid after evaporation concentration passes through a cooling crystallizer to be cooled, crystals mainly comprising ammonium sulfate are separated out and are sold as industrial products after purification, the concentrated mother liquor mainly comprises sodium sulfate and returns to a carbonizer to carry out double decomposition reaction, thereby realizing cyclic utilization.
The embodiment of the invention adopts a waste heat recovery method for the evaporation concentrator to recover the heat energy after reaction into a power plant system, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the carbonization reaction, and being a low-cost carbonization reactor which is efficiently coupled with the power plant and can realize the gradient utilization of the heat energy; the tubular microfiltration membrane is adopted, so that impurities in the solution are effectively removed, the filtration precision is high, and the aim of improving the purity of the crystallized salt is fulfilled; the acid washing tower is adopted to absorb free ammonia of the discharged flue gas, so that on one hand, free ammonium ions are absorbed by a sulfuric acid solution, and meanwhile, moisture in the flue gas is also absorbed, and the effect of reducing haze is realized; the sodium sulfate used in the double decomposition reaction is industrial byproduct salt, so that the problem that the industrial byproduct salt is difficult to remove and cannot be solved is solved, the aim of treating wastes with wastes is fulfilled, and the method has obvious economic benefit.
The invention can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, can also generate industrial byproducts, reduces the cost, improves the economic benefit and can better meet the requirements.
The technical contents of the present invention are further illustrated by the examples only for the convenience of the reader, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any technical extension or re-creation based on the present invention is protected by the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116282082A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-23 | 淮北师范大学 | A process for recovering CO2 from coke oven flue gas to produce sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride |
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2020
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| CN116282082A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-23 | 淮北师范大学 | A process for recovering CO2 from coke oven flue gas to produce sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride |
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