Wheat layered fertilizer applicator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to agricultural instruments, in particular to a wheat layered fertilizer applicator.
Background
The wheat topdressing urea is good for helping the growth of wheat, but if the application method is not noticed when the wheat is topdressed with urea, a good effect cannot be obtained, as is well known, the urea is high in nitrogen content and very wide in application range in wheat planting, the urea is mostly used for topdressing of wheat except for base fertilizer of crops, and deep application and soil covering practices prove that most of nitrogen is aminated and volatilized after the urea is applied to the ground surface for 4-5 days at normal temperature, the utilization rate is only about 30%, and particularly on the surface of calcareous and alkaline soil, the volatilization loss of ammonia is more serious. Therefore, when the dry field crops are fertilized with urea, the urea is preferably dug or ditched deeply, so that the urea can be in moist soil, the urea is favorable for conversion of the urea, the ammonia fertilizer is also favorable for being adsorbed by the soil, the volatilization loss is reduced, as is known, after the root system of the root of the wheat grows out as the first green leaf, the initial root of the wheat seedling is not increased, the initial root of the spring wheat is generally 5, the number of the large and full seeds can reach 7, the maximum number of the large and full seeds can reach 8, the secondary root grows on the tillering section, the secondary root begins to appear after the three-leaf stage, is related to tillering, and the root is continuously grown under the proper condition. When one tillering grows, 1-2 roots correspondingly grow on the same section. The spring wheat root has stronger growth vigor than tillering, tillers do not appear, but roots grow, so the number of secondary roots is often more than that of tillers, and sometimes only roots grow for a plurality of times on tillering joints without tillering. The secondary roots growing in tillering grow from the base of the main stem, and when three tillers grow, the secondary roots of the tillering grow. Because, spring wheat is less tillering by virtue of the main stem supplying water and nutrients. After jointing, nutrients are concentrated at the top end, so that smaller tillers die in succession. At the moment, the secondary roots of the wheat are stronger than the primary roots, but the soil is shallow and mostly concentrated in a 0-30 cm ploughing layer, the number of the roots is much larger than that of the primary roots, the secondary roots play roles of plant fixing and nutrient absorption, and the growth basically stops when the wheat blooms. Therefore, the key point of improving the utilization rate of urea or nitrogen fertilizer is that nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to a specified ideal soil layer according to the specific characteristics of the root system of the wheat in each growth period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wheat layered fertilizer applicator, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the device comprises a frame 1, wherein a driving device 2 is arranged on the frame 1, a power output shaft end of the driving device 2 respectively drives a driving wheel 3 and a reduction gearbox 4 in a belt transmission mode, and a power output shaft end of the reduction gearbox 4 drives a layered fertilization device in a belt transmission mode;
the layered fertilization device comprises a fertilization box 5, a material distribution box 6 communicated with the interior of the fertilization box 5 is mounted at the bottom of the fertilization box 5, the material distribution box 6 is integrally of a hollow cylindrical cavity structure, a material distribution column 7 concentric with the material distribution box 6 is arranged in the material distribution box 6, two ends of the material distribution column 7 respectively extend out of an axial column 8 which is rotatably connected and matched with the material distribution box 6, one end of the axial column 8 extends out of the material distribution box 6 and is linked with a reduction gearbox 4 in a belt transmission mode, and a plurality of material distribution grooves 9 which are arranged along the axial direction of the material distribution column 7 are arranged on the material distribution column 7 in an annular array;
two ends of the bottom of the material distribution box 6 are respectively provided with a first material guide pipe 10 communicated with the interior of the material distribution box, the bottom of each first material guide pipe 10 is provided with a second material guide pipe 11 which can be in sliding fit with the first material guide pipe in an axial clearance, the bottom of each second material guide pipe 11 extends out of a ditching coulter 12 which is welded and fixed on the outer circular surface of the second material guide pipe, and a positioning device is arranged between the two first material guide pipes 10;
the positioning device comprises two shaft sleeves 13 positioned at two sides of the material distribution box 6, a positioning shaft rod 14 in sliding fit with the shaft sleeve 13 in an axial clearance is arranged in the shaft sleeve 13, the upper end face of the positioning shaft rod 14 extends out of the machine frame 1 and is fixedly connected with an end cap 15 into a whole, a first connecting seat 16 is fixedly welded at the lower end face of the positioning shaft rod 14, the bottom between the two positioning shaft rods 14 is welded and fixed into a whole through a first connecting rod 17, a second connecting rod 18 and a third connecting rod 19 are arranged between the two first connecting seats 16, the end parts of the second connecting rod 18 and the third connecting rod 19 are in rotating connection and fit through a rotating shaft 20, the end parts of the opposite ends of the second connecting rod 18 and the third connecting rod 19 and the rotating shaft 20 are respectively in rotating connection and fit with the adjacent first connecting seats 16 through hinge shafts, and the rotating shaft 20 is positioned at the advancing side of the ditching plow knife 12, one end of the rotating shaft 20 is provided with a positioning roller 21 which is in rotating connection and matching with the rotating shaft;
a fourth connecting rod 22 is welded and fixed on the outer circular surface of one positioning shaft rod 14 close to one side of the positioning roller 21, a sleeve 23 which can be in rotary connection and matching with the fourth connecting rod 22 is installed on the fourth connecting rod 22, a screw rod 24 which can be in spiral matching with the sleeve 23 is arranged in the sleeve 23, a second connecting seat 25 which is in rotary connection and matching with the screw rod 24 is installed at the end part of the screw rod 24, and the second connecting seat 25 is in rotary connection and matching with the third connecting rod 19 through a hinge shaft.
A first positioning rod 26 is radially welded and fixed on the inner wall of the first material guiding pipe 10, the end of the first positioning rod 26 is bent downwards to form a second positioning rod 27, the lower end of the second positioning rod 27 extends into the second material guiding pipe 11, and a plurality of shifting teeth 28 are vertically and equidistantly arranged on the side surface of the second positioning rod 27.
Two sides of the middle part of the first connecting rod 17 are radially welded and fixed with the outer circular surface of the second material guiding pipe 11 into a whole through a linkage shaft 29.
The end part of one end of the screw rod 24 opposite to the second connecting seat 25 is provided with an inner hexagonal hole in the inward axial direction.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: can be effectual according to the layering condition of wheat at each stage in-process root system, adjust the degree of depth of penetrating into soil of ditching coulter by oneself, and holistic fertilizer ejection of compact effect is smooth and easy, can not have the condition of leaking and applying.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the first link in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the attached drawings in the embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the embodiment is realized by the following technical scheme, which comprises a frame 1, wherein a driving device 2 is installed on the frame 1, the power output shaft end of the driving device 2 respectively drives a driving wheel 3 and a reduction gearbox 4 in a belt transmission manner, and the power output shaft end of the reduction gearbox 4 drives a layered fertilization device in a belt transmission manner;
the layered fertilization device comprises a fertilization box 5, a material distribution box 6 communicated with the interior of the fertilization box 5 is mounted at the bottom of the fertilization box 5, the material distribution box 6 is integrally of a hollow cylindrical cavity structure, a material distribution column 7 concentric with the material distribution box 6 is arranged in the material distribution box 6, two ends of the material distribution column 7 respectively extend out of an axial column 8 which is rotatably connected and matched with the material distribution box 6, one end of the axial column 8 extends out of the material distribution box 6 and is linked with a reduction gearbox 4 in a belt transmission mode, and a plurality of material distribution grooves 9 which are arranged along the axial direction of the material distribution column 7 are arranged on the material distribution column 7 in an annular array;
two ends of the bottom of the material distribution box 6 are respectively provided with a first material guide pipe 10 communicated with the interior of the material distribution box, the bottom of each first material guide pipe 10 is provided with a second material guide pipe 11 which can be in sliding fit with the first material guide pipe in an axial clearance, the bottom of each second material guide pipe 11 extends out of a ditching coulter 12 which is welded and fixed on the outer circular surface of the second material guide pipe, and a positioning device is arranged between the two first material guide pipes 10;
because the wheat field is not absolutely horizontal and has a phenomenon of fluctuation in height in some parts, if the level height of the ditching coulter is fixed and constant, the ditching coulter may have a condition of different layering depths in the parts, the positioning device comprises two shaft sleeves 13 positioned at two sides of the material distribution box 6, a positioning shaft rod 14 in sliding fit with the shaft sleeve 13 in an axial clearance is arranged inside the shaft sleeve 13, the upper end face of the positioning shaft rod 14 extends out of the machine frame 1 and is fixedly connected with an end cap 15 into a whole, a first connecting seat 16 is fixedly welded at the lower end face of the positioning shaft rod 14, the bottom between the two positioning shaft rods 14 is fixedly welded into a whole through a first connecting rod 17, a second connecting rod 18 and a third connecting rod 19 are arranged between the two first connecting seats 16, the end parts of the second connecting rod 18 and the third connecting rod 19 are rotatably connected and matched through a rotating shaft 20, the end parts of the opposite ends of the second connecting rod 18, the third connecting rod 19 and the rotating shaft 20 are respectively in rotating connection and matching with the adjacent first connecting seats 16 through hinged shafts, the rotating shaft 20 is positioned at one advancing side of the ditching coulter 12, one end of the rotating shaft 20 is provided with a positioning roller 21 which is in rotating connection and matching with the rotating shaft, the positioning roller 21 is used for controlling the penetration depth of the ditching coulter 12 in the advancing process, and the positioning roller 21 is always attached to the ground of the wheat field to fluctuate so that the ditching coulter 12 is always kept at the optimal penetration depth;
because the distribution of the root system and the distribution change of the root system for supplying nutrient are different in the growth process of wheat, the fixed penetration depth is obviously not the best layered fertilization mode, therefore, a fourth connecting rod 22 is welded and fixed at the outer circular surface of a positioning shaft rod 14 close to one side of a positioning roller 21, a sleeve 23 which can be in rotating connection and matching with the fourth connecting rod 22 is installed on the fourth connecting rod 22, a screw rod 24 which can be in spiral matching with the sleeve 23 is arranged in the sleeve 23, a second connecting seat 25 which is in rotating connection and matching with the second connecting seat 24 is installed at the end part of the screw rod 24, and the second connecting seat 25 is in rotating connection and matching with the third connecting rod 19 through a hinge shaft, the method can control the relative horizontal position between the positioning roller 21 and the driving wheel 3 through rotating the screw rod 24, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the penetration depth of the ditching plow blade 12.
Because the first material guiding pipe 10 and the second material guiding pipe 11 are used as material guiding pipelines for conveying fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer particles are easy to form a stable structural surface in the material guiding pipelines when the nitrogen fertilizer particles are conveyed, so that the situation of unsmooth discharge of the nitrogen fertilizer is caused, in order to overcome the problem, a first positioning rod 26 is radially welded and fixed on the inner wall of the first material guiding pipe 10, the end part of the first positioning rod 26 is downwards and vertically bent to form a second positioning rod 27, the lower end of the second positioning rod 27 extends into the second material guiding pipe 11, a plurality of shifting teeth 28 are vertically and equidistantly arranged on the side surface of the second positioning rod 27, and the position of the second positioning rod 27 is unchanged in the process of vertically reciprocating terrain fitting of the second material guiding pipe 11, so that the situation of unsmooth discharge of the nitrogen fertilizer particles in the first material guiding pipe 10 and the second material guiding pipe 11 can be avoided.
Two sides of the middle part of the first connecting rod 17 are radially welded and fixed with the outer circular surface of the second material guiding pipe 11 into a whole through a linkage shaft 29.
The end part of one end of the screw rod 24 opposite to the second connecting seat 25 is provided with an inner hexagonal hole in the inward axial direction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.