CN112439884A - 一种多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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Abstract
本发明公开一种多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法及装置,属于金属材料及复合材料领域。本发明包括下述步骤:预制合金锭的配制,升温将合金预制锭熔化。使用高压惰性气体(如氮气)通过多个喷嘴将熔融的金属雾化成细小的液滴,液滴撞击在轧辊表面后,进入辊缝轧制出板带材,经过后处理得到高强度铝合金板带材。本发明所述方法比传统的铸造加轧制工艺节能40%以上,优化后的沉积轧制的铝板带材性能明显提高,其抗拉强度或者延伸率比相同成分传统材料的相应性能指标提高20%。本发明为金属板带材的加工提供一种节能节材、短流程、高性能的板带材生产的新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法及装置,属于金属及复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
板带材的生产一般是采用传统的铸锭冶金制造方法,通过铸造得到带材坯料后直接冷却轧制,再经过扒皮、均匀化、重复热轧来优化显微结构,最后进行深加工(如热处理、冷轧),直到满足要求。该技术工序步骤较多、能源消耗、成本较高,而且这一过程的冷却速度较缓慢(1℃/s到5℃/s),会产生粗晶组织和相关的宏观偏析,易产生缺陷。采用连续铸造技术制备薄板可有效提高冷却速率(4℃/s到7℃/s),减轻了宏观偏析,但是仍然无法完全避免粗的树枝状结构和宏观偏析。采用商业化的双辊铸轧的方法制备带材,冷却速率(100℃/s至1000℃/s)提高后能获得良好的微观结构,显著节约能源,降低生产成本。但是商业双辊铸轧受到生产速度的限制。对于结晶范围宽的合金,由于析出相与基体之间比重差异大,采用该工艺易造成晶粒粗大、宏观偏析、热裂。
2003年美国爱达荷国家工程与环境实验室的E.J. Lavernia等人提出了采用沉积轧制技术制备板带材的方法,采用线性喷嘴将熔融金属雾化成熔滴沉积在轧辊表面,并进入辊缝轧制出带材。该工艺减少了生产工序,节约了能源,降低了生产成本,能有效解决带材显微组织中溶质分布不均匀、生产连续性问题,制备出组织细小、成分均匀、合金含量高、力学性能较好的带材。该工艺适合具有较宽凝固温度范围的合金及难溶合金,如7050、2124、5083高合金含量的铝合金。目前仅有美国爱达荷国家工程与环境实验室(INEEL)与加州大学Davis分校,Colorado矿业学院,Alcoa铝业公司,Pechiney轧制品公司等在开展沉积轧制合作项目的研究。其试制出一台实验室规模带材沉积轧制机主要采用线性喷嘴进行雾化,已成功制备了2124和7050铝合金带材。然而由于线性雾化控制系统要求苛刻,工艺控制复杂,设备造价昂贵,使其难以在国内粉末冶金行业中得到广泛推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种能使组织细小、成分均匀、合金含量高、易在国内粉末冶金行业中广泛推广的高强度铝合金板带材的制备方法。
本发明目的通过下述技术方案实现:多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法包括下述步骤及工艺条件:
(1)预制合金锭的配制:按合金成分进行配料,配制预制合金锭。
(2)合金预制锭的熔化:升温将合金预制锭熔化。
(3)熔融合金的雾化:采用惰性气体并通过多喷嘴雾化器进行雾化。
(4)雾化液滴的沉积与轧制:在气体雾化的同时,采用一对旋转辊接收雾化液滴并轧制,液滴撞击在轧辊表面后,进入辊缝轧制出带材,制备板带材。
(5)后处理:将该板带材进行热处理,得到高强度铝合金板带材。
优选的,本发明步骤(3)中所述的惰性气体为氮气、氩气或者氦气。
优选的,本发明所述金属及合金为铝及铝合金、铜及铜合金、镁及镁合金、铁及铁合金和钢、镍及镍合金、铅及铅合金、锡及锡合金、锌及锌合金、钛及钛合金、银及银合金中的任意一种。
优选的,本发明步骤(2)中所述熔化温度为液相线温度以上50~150℃,且熔化过程需在保护性气氛下进行。
优选的,本发明所述雾化过程通过控制喷嘴间距、金属熔体的过热温度、雾化气体压力与流率、金属的质量流率进、沉积距离,获得固相分数为60~80%的熔滴。喷射沉积过程中,喷嘴间距随金属性质的不同进行调整,雾化气体压力与流率等参数根据实际喷射沉积时所需的雾化溶滴尺寸来确定,均为常规方法。
优选的,本发明所述沉积和轧制过程中:轧辊的转速范围为660~880转/每分,直径为600mm,辊缝间距为20~40mm,预热温度范围为800~1250℃。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述方法所用装置,所述装置包括感应加热炉1、多喷嘴雾化器2、导液管3、轧辊4,电热丝5、气体输入管6、气体输出管7、电热偶8、气压控制阀9、液体输入控制阀10、气压阀11、排风系统的接口12;感应加热炉1内设置有电热丝5对预制锭进行加热熔化和保温;感应加热炉1上并分别设有气体输入管6、气体输出管7,感应加热炉1内设电热偶8,感应加热炉1底部设有导流管3,导流管3的通孔内设置有液体输入控制阀10,多喷嘴雾化器2与导液管3和连接,气体输入管内设置有气压阀11,排风系统的接口12与空气净化系统相连;雾化锥的中心线方向与轧辊轴面垂直,多个喷嘴排列的方向与轧辊轴方向平行,喷嘴的中心连线对应轧辊辊缝。
所述的雾化和沉积过程均在在封闭环境内进行;在沉积轧制设备的底部设有排风系统的接口,排出雾化气体,并进行净化处理。
由上述方法即可制得组织均匀、性能良好的带材。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的板带材致密度高,可达到理论值的97%到99%密度。
(2)本发明与传统的板带材的生产方法(如铸锭冶金制造方法、薄板连铸方法、双辊铸轧方法)相比,制备的带材中的溶质元素在基体材料中的分布更加均匀、宏观偏析程度低,晶粒更细小、合金的氧含量低、合金性能较提高(如强度、韧性等力学性能)。
(3)本发明与铸锭冶金制造方法和连铸连轧方法相比,将沉积成型和轧制组合到一道工序中,大大减少了工艺流程,很大程度上避免了可能产生的浪费和污染,增加了产品的可靠性和竞争力。
(4)本发明应用范围宽,不仅可适用于高性能铝板带材的生产(如结晶范围宽的合金如7050、2124、5083高合金含量的铝合金),而且同样适用于其它高性能合金板带材的生产;本发明方法制造效率高,适合工业化生产,市场前景好。
附图说明
图1为多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材(水平)装置的结构示意图;
图2为多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材(垂直)装置的结构示意图。
图3为多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材装置的侧视图。
图中:1-感应加热炉;2-多喷嘴雾化器;3-导液管;4-轧辊;5-电热丝;6-气体输入管;7-气体输出管;8-电热偶;9-气压控制阀;10-液体输入控制阀;11-气压阀;12-排风系统的接口。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本发明实施例1~3所述装置如图1~3所述所述装置包括感应加热炉1、多喷嘴雾化器2、导液管3、轧辊4;感应加热炉1内设置有电热丝5对预制锭进行加热熔化和保温,并分别连接气体输入管6、气体输出管7、导流管3和电热偶8,连接气体输入管6和输出管7的通孔内设置有气压控制阀9,导流管3的通孔内设置有液体输入控制阀10,气体输入管6和输出管7与导流管3分别用于对加热炉输送保护性气体及输入液体材料,电热偶8用于测量和控制熔体的温度;多喷嘴雾化器2与导液管3和气体输入管相连,气体输入管内设置有气压阀11,用于控制气体的流率;采用电机带动轧辊4转动;12为排风系统的接口,用于排出雾化气体。
实施例1
实现本发明方法的具体步骤如下:本发明采用如图1所示的方法制备高性能铝板带材:
(1)配制2124Al合金预制锭,按重量百分比计,该合金成分为:Cu 4.4%,Mg 1.5%,Mn0.6%,其余为Al,进行配料,然后装入置于感应加热炉内封闭。首先打开气压阀9,通入惰性气体(N2)约30s。
(2)给电热丝5通电将预制锭坯在感应加热炉内加热,根据热电偶8进行控制,将熔体温度升温至760℃保温(熔体过热度ΔT=100℃),搅拌,除渣。
(3)轧辊规格为Φ0.2m×0.3m,轧辊间距s调为0.002 m,轧辊转速w为2.6rad/s,打开电机带动轧辊转动。喷嘴间距调节为0.05m,高纯氮气压力调至0.6Mpa、金属的质量流率为0.05kg/s后,打开多喷嘴雾化器2的气体输入控制阀11和导流管3的液体输入控制阀10,使用高压惰性气体通过多个喷嘴将熔融的金属雾化成细小的液滴。
(4)调节沉积距离约为0.4m,将熔滴在沉积时的平均固相分数控制在60~80%左右;液滴撞击在轧辊表面后,进入辊缝轧制出宽300mm厚2.5mm的2124Al合金板带材;雾化和沉积过程均在在封闭环境内进行。
(5)在沉积轧制设备的底部设有排风系统的接口12,排出雾化气体;将制备的带材进行固溶处理(493℃,1h、2h)+水淬+冷变形(10%)+人工时效处理(190℃,12h)后得到细小等轴晶组织,并含有少量晶间质点;相比商用2124Al合金板带,其强度略有提高,韧性有较大提高,不存在各向异性。
实施例2
本实施例除下述过程外与实施例1相同:配制7050铝合金预制锭,按重量百分比计,该合金成分为:Zn 6.2%,Cu 2.3%,Mg 2.3%,Zr 0.12%,其余为Al,进行配料,然后装入熔炼炉中,升温至780℃,保温10min(熔体过热度ΔT=100K)。热处理采用固溶处理(471℃,2h、15h)+水淬+冷变形(20%)+人工时效处理(125℃, 12h+166℃, 15h)。
本实施例中可以用铁及铁合金和钢、铜及铜合金、镁及镁合金、镍及镍合金、铅及铅合金、锌及锌合金、钛及钛合金、银及银合金其中的任意一种代替锡,熔化金属的温度与相应的金属对应。
Claims (7)
1.一种多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)预制合金锭的配制:按合金成分进行配料,配制预制合金锭;
(2)合金预制锭的熔化:升温将合金预制锭熔化;
(3)熔融合金的雾化:采用惰性气体并通过多喷嘴雾化器进行雾化;
(4)雾化液滴的沉积与轧制:在气体雾化的同时,采用一对旋转辊接收雾化液滴并轧制,液滴撞击在轧辊表面后,进入辊缝轧制出带材,制备板带材;
(5)后处理:将该板带材进行热处理,得到高强度合金板带材。
2.根据权利要求1所述多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的惰性气体为氮气、氩气或者氦气。
3.根据权利要求1所述多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法,其特征在于:所述金属及合金为铝及铝合金、铜及铜合金、镁及镁合金、铁及铁合金和钢、镍及镍合金、铅及铅合金、锡及锡合金、锌及锌合金、钛及钛合金、银及银合金中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述熔化温度为液相线温度以上50~150℃,且熔化过程需在保护性气氛下进行。
5.根据权利要求1所述多喷嘴沉积轧制制备高性能板带材的方法,其特征在于:所述沉积和轧制过程中:轧辊的转速范围为660~880转/每分,直径为600mm,辊缝间距为20~40mm,预热温度范围为800~1250℃。
6.权利要求1所述方法所用的装置,其特征在于:所述装置包括感应加热炉(1)、多喷嘴雾化器(2)、导液管(3)、轧辊(4),电热丝(5)、气体输入管(6)、气体输出管(7)、电热偶(8)、气压控制阀(9)、液体输入控制阀(10)、气压阀(11)、排风系统的接口(12);感应加热炉(1)内设置有电热丝(5)对预制锭进行加热熔化和保温;感应加热炉(1)上并分别设有气体输入管(6)、气体输出管(7),感应加热炉(1)内设电热偶(8),感应加热炉(1)底部设有导流管(3),导流管(3)的通孔内设置有液体输入控制阀(10),多喷嘴雾化器(2)分别与导液管(3)连接,气体输入管(6)内设置有气压阀(11),排风系统的接口(12)与空气净化系统相连;多喷嘴雾化器(2)的中心线方向与轧辊轴面垂直,多个喷嘴排列的方向与轧辊轴方向平行,喷嘴的中心连线对应轧辊辊缝。
7.根据权利要求6所述装置,其特征在于:所述的雾化和沉积过程均在封闭环境内进行,在沉积轧制设备的底部设有排风系统的接口,排出雾化气体,并进行净化处理。
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