CN112433149A - Single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device and method - Google Patents
Single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112433149A CN112433149A CN202011336041.XA CN202011336041A CN112433149A CN 112433149 A CN112433149 A CN 112433149A CN 202011336041 A CN202011336041 A CN 202011336041A CN 112433149 A CN112433149 A CN 112433149A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3275—Fault detection or status indication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the failure of a relay of a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sending an off driving signal to relays S1 and S2; step 2, detecting the voltage to ground of the power grid; step 3, opening Q1 and Q3 tubes of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting the average value of voltage V1 of the output end of the inverter to the ground, wherein the voltage is the voltage V of the PV anode to the ground; step 4, closing the grid-connected inverter Q1 and Q3 tubes, then opening the grid-connected inverter Q2 and Q4 tubes, and detecting the average value of the voltage V2 of the output end of the inverter to the ground; the voltage is PV negative voltage to ground; and 5, if the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to earth of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage of V1 is larger than a fixed threshold, and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to earth of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage of V2 is larger than the fixed threshold, judging that the relay is not adhered, otherwise, judging that the relay is adhered. According to the invention, whether each relay has adhesion fault or not can be accurately detected by means of the cooperation of the full-bridge main power circuit of the inverter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inverter relay detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for detecting the failure of a relay of a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
Background
In order to meet the safety requirement, a relay is required to be used for electrical isolation between an output end and a power grid end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, for the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the relay is required to be arranged between a live wire L and a zero line N of the power grid and the output end of the inverter, when the inverter does not work, the relay is required to be reliably disconnected so as to ensure that the inverter is not electrically connected with the power grid completely, and if a relay adhesion failure fault occurs, a great potential safety hazard is brought.
In order to avoid such a safety accident, before the inverter is started to operate, the relay needs to be subjected to adhesion failure detection so as to ensure that the relay is in a normal working state. If the relay driving signals on the live line L and the zero line N are independent, it is very easy to detect the adhesion failure of the relay, and as long as the relays on the L line and the N line are respectively in a pull-in state and a break-off state, and then whether the voltage of the inverter end is equal to the voltage of the power grid end is detected, whether the adhesion failure of the relay occurs can be detected. However, in general, in order to reduce the design cost of the inverter, a group of relays on the L line and the N line use the same driving signal, which brings trouble to the detection of the relays, if the relays on the L line and the N line are adhered and failed at the same time, the method of comparing the inverter terminal voltage with the power grid terminal voltage is easy to detect, but if the relays on the L line or the N line are adhered and failed, the method of comparing the inverter terminal voltage with the power grid terminal voltage cannot effectively detect whether the relays are really failed.
CN102565691A discloses a relay failure detection device and method for a grid-connected inverter, which adopts independent driving signals for each relay, and is completely different from the relay adhesion detection problem caused by the application of using a common driving signal for the relays to reduce the design cost of the inverter.
CN104682432B discloses a method for detecting relay failure and protecting filter capacitor of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which only uses the inverter output voltage and the grid voltage to perform threshold comparison, and cannot effectively detect adhesion failure of a single relay.
CN108761319B discloses a method, an apparatus, and a system for detecting relay failure of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, where the method is applicable to a three-phase inverter, and a relay adhesion failure fault cannot be detected when a PV voltage is higher than a grid voltage.
CN107957546B discloses a method and an apparatus for detecting an inverter grid-connected ac relay, which is also applicable to a three-phase inverter, and takes into account the problem of failure of relay detection under the condition of short circuit of a power grid to a ground wire, which is completely different from the problem to be solved by the present application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the failure of a relay of a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, sending an off driving signal to relays S1 and S2;
step 3, opening Q1 and Q3 tubes of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting an average value V1 of voltage of the output end of the inverter to ground, wherein the voltage is the voltage of the PV negative electrode to ground;
step 4, closing the grid-connected inverter Q1 and Q3 tubes, then opening the grid-connected inverter Q2 and Q4 tubes, and detecting the average value V2 of the voltage of the output end of the inverter to the ground; the voltage is PV anode-to-ground voltage;
and 5, if the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to the ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage of V1 is larger than a fixed threshold, and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to the ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage of V2 is larger than the fixed threshold, judging that the relay is not adhered, otherwise, judging that the relay is adhered.
Further, detecting the voltage V of the N line to the ground of the power grid in the step 2NEOr the voltage V to ground of the L lineLERespectively, in steps 3 and 4, detecting the voltage V to ground at the N terminal of the inverter outputiNEOr the voltage to ground V at the L terminal of the inverter outputiLEAverage value V2.
Further, in step 2, if the power grid is normally connected, the ground voltage of the power grid is zero.
Further, the fixed threshold is 1-2V.
Further, if the inverter end and the power grid end are connected in series with a plurality of groups of relays, a driving signal is sent to disconnect one group of detected relays, other groups of relays are closed, and the relays are detected one by sequentially using the steps.
A single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device includes:
a driving signal transmitter for transmitting an opening driving signal to the relays S1 and S2;
a power grid voltage to ground detector for detecting an average value of the power grid voltage to ground;
the inverter output end voltage detector is used for opening the grid-connected inverters Q1 and Q3 and detecting the average value of voltage V1 of the inverter output end to ground, wherein the voltage is the voltage V of the PV negative electrode to ground; closing the tubes Q1 and Q3 of the grid-connected inverter, then opening the tubes Q2 and Q4 of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting the average value of voltage V2 of the output end of the inverter to ground; the voltage is PV anode-to-ground voltage;
and the discriminator is used for judging that the relay is not adhered if the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage V1 is greater than a fixed threshold value and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage V2 is greater than the fixed threshold value, otherwise, the relay is adhered.
Further, the grid ground voltage detector comprises an N-line to ground voltage detector or an L-line to ground voltage detector for detecting an N-line to ground voltage V of the gridNEOr the voltage V to ground of the L lineLEAverage value of (a).
Further, the inverter output end voltage detector comprises an inverter output N end voltage detector or an inverter output L end voltage detector for detecting the voltage V to ground of the inverter output N endiNEOr the voltage to ground V at the L terminal of the inverter outputiLEAverage value V2.
Further, if the power grid is normally connected, the ground voltage of the power grid is zero; the fixed threshold is 1-2V.
And the sequence detector is used for sending a driving signal to disconnect one group of detected relays and pull in other groups of relays if the inverter end and the power grid end are connected in series with a plurality of groups of relays, and the relays are detected one by sequentially using the devices.
According to the relay failure detection device and method for the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, whether each relay has an adhesion fault or not can be accurately detected by means of the cooperation of the full-bridge main power circuit of the inverter on the basis of not excessively increasing the cost, the relay failure detection device and method are suitable for detection of a group of relays on L and N lines, and are effective in adhesion failure detection of a plurality of groups of relays which are connected in series and share the same driving signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection method of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of a method application of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
According to the invention, the voltage of the output end of the inverter is detected before, and the voltage of the output end of the inverter is detected instead of the voltage of the output end of the inverter, namely the L-end-to-ground voltage and the voltage of the output end of the inverter, of the N-end-to-ground voltage, so that one path of detection voltage is added compared with the previous design, and the voltage of the output end of the inverter can be obtained by.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, taking adhesion failure detection of a group of relays on L lines or N lines as an example, assuming that an adhesion fault occurs in a relay on N lines, the detection steps of the invention are as follows:
s001, sending an opening driving signal to the relays S1 and S2, wherein the relays on the L line and the N line are required to be opened under the normal condition;
s002, detecting the voltage V of the N line of the power grid to the groundNEAverage value of (1), N line to ground voltage V under normal grid connection conditionNEHas an average value of zero;
s003, opening Q1 and Q3 tubes of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting the voltage V of the output N end of the inverter to the groundiNEAverage value V1 of PV negative voltage to ground; PV is a photovoltaic circuit board.
S004, switching off the Q1 and Q3 tubes of the grid-connected inverter, then switching on the Q2 and Q4 tubes of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting the voltage V to the ground of the output N end of the inverter to the groundiNEAverage value of V2; the voltage is PV anode-to-ground voltage;
s005, if the value obtained by subtracting the ground voltage of the N line from the absolute value of the voltage of V1 is larger than a fixed threshold (close to zero, the threshold is 1-2V due to the influence caused by the test error or the line impedance in the actual test), and the value obtained by subtracting the ground voltage of the N line from the absolute value of the voltage of V2 is larger than the fixed threshold (close to zero, the threshold is 1-2V due to the influence caused by the test error or the line impedance in the actual test), judging that the relay is not adhered, otherwise, judging that the relay is adhered.
For relay detection on the L line consistent with the method and steps, only V needs to be measuredLEAverage value of (1) and ViLEAverage value of (a).
The invention discloses a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device, which comprises:
a driving signal transmitter for transmitting an opening driving signal to the relays S1 and S2;
the power grid voltage-to-ground detector is used for detecting the voltage of the power grid voltage-to-ground;
the inverter output end voltage detector is matched with a full-bridge main power circuit of an inverter to work, and is used for opening grid-connected inverters Q1 and Q3, detecting the average value of voltage V1 of the inverter output end to ground, wherein the voltage is the voltage V of the PV anode to ground; closing the tubes Q1 and Q3 of the grid-connected inverter, then opening the tubes Q2 and Q4 of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting the average value of voltage V2 of the output end of the inverter to ground; the voltage is PV negative voltage to ground;
and the discriminator is used for judging that the relay is not adhered if the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage V1 is greater than a fixed threshold value and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage V2 is greater than the fixed threshold value, otherwise, the relay is adhered.
The power grid ground voltage detector includes an N-line to ground voltage detector or an L-line to ground voltage detector for detecting a ground voltage of an N-line or an L-line of a power grid.
The inverter output end voltage detector comprises an inverter output N end voltage detector or an inverter output L end voltage detector and is used for detecting the voltage to ground of the inverter output N end or the inverter output L end.
If the power grid is normally connected, the ground voltage of the power grid is zero; the fixed threshold is 1-2V.
The device also comprises a sequence detector which is used for sending a driving signal to disconnect one group of detected relays and pull in other groups of detected relays if the inverter end and the power grid end are connected in series with a plurality of groups of relays, and the relays are detected one by sequentially using the devices.
In order to meet the safety requirements of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, two sets of relays are generally required to be connected in series for use. And if the inverter end and the power grid end are connected in series with a plurality of groups of relays, sending a driving signal to disconnect one group of relays to be detected, attracting other groups of relays, and sequentially using the steps to detect one by one, namely detecting the adhesion fault of each relay.
According to the invention, too much cost is not additionally increased, compared with the conventional design, only one group of voltage detection circuits is added, and the adhesion failure fault of each relay can be detected by means of the cooperation of the full-bridge main power circuit of the inverter, so that the safety characteristic of the grid-connected inverter is greatly increased.
Claims (10)
1. A single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sending an off driving signal to relays S1 and S2;
step 2, detecting the average value of the voltage to ground of the power grid;
step 3, opening Q1 and Q3 tubes of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting an average value V1 of voltage of the output end of the inverter to ground, wherein the voltage is the voltage of the PV negative electrode to ground;
step 4, closing the grid-connected inverter Q1 and Q3 tubes, then opening the grid-connected inverter Q2 and Q4 tubes, and detecting the average value V2 of the voltage of the output end of the inverter to the ground; the voltage is PV anode-to-ground voltage;
and 5, if the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to the ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage of V1 is larger than a fixed threshold, and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to the ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage of V2 is larger than the fixed threshold, judging that the relay is not adhered, otherwise, judging that the relay is adhered.
2. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 2, detecting the voltage V of the N line to the ground of the power gridNEOr the voltage V to ground of the L lineLERespectively, in steps 3 and 4, detecting the voltage V to ground at the N terminal of the inverter outputiNEOr the voltage to ground V at the L terminal of the inverter outputiLEAverage value V2.
3. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, if the power grid is normally connected, the average value of the voltages of the L line and the N line of the power grid to the ground is zero.
4. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed threshold is 1-2V.
5. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and if the inverter end and the power grid end are connected in series with a plurality of groups of relays, sending a driving signal to disconnect one group of detected relays, closing the other groups of relays, and sequentially using the steps to detect the relays one by one.
6. The utility model provides a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device which characterized in that includes:
a driving signal transmitter for transmitting an opening driving signal to the relays S1 and S2;
a power grid voltage-to-ground detector for detecting an average value of power grid N-line or L-line voltage-to-ground;
the inverter output end voltage detector is used for opening the grid-connected inverters Q1 and Q3 and detecting the average value of voltage V1 of the inverter output end to ground, wherein the voltage is the voltage V of the PV negative electrode to ground; closing the tubes Q1 and Q3 of the grid-connected inverter, then opening the tubes Q2 and Q4 of the grid-connected inverter, and detecting the average value of voltage V2 of the output end of the inverter to ground; the voltage is PV anode-to-ground voltage;
and the discriminator is used for judging that the relay is not adhered if the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage V1 is greater than a fixed threshold value and the value obtained by subtracting the voltage to ground of the power grid from the absolute value of the voltage V2 is greater than the fixed threshold value, otherwise, the relay is adhered.
7. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device of claim 6, characterized in that: the power grid ground voltage detector comprises an N-line to ground voltage detector or an L-line to ground voltage detector for detecting an N-line to ground voltage V of a power gridNEOr the voltage V to ground of the L lineLEAverage value of (a).
8. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device of claim 6, characterized in that: the inverter output end voltage detector comprises an inverter output N end voltage detector or an inverter output L end voltage detector and is used for detecting the voltage V to ground of the inverter output N endiNEOr the voltage to ground V at the L terminal of the inverter outputiLEAverage value V2.
9. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device of claim 6, characterized in that: if the power grid is normally connected, the ground voltage of the power grid is zero; the fixed threshold is 1-2V.
10. The single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter relay failure detection device of claim 6, characterized in that: the device also comprises a sequence detector which is used for sending a driving signal to disconnect one group of detected relays and pull in other groups of detected relays if the inverter end and the power grid end are connected in series with a plurality of groups of relays, and the relays are detected one by sequentially using the devices.
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| CN114609545A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-06-10 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Alternating current short-circuit fault detection method and device and electrical equipment |
| CN117148136A (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2023-12-01 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Relay adhesion detection method, system, storage medium and computer equipment |
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