CN112432694B - Industrial plant power monitoring method based on distributed optical fiber sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: distributed optical fiber sensors are distributed in the whole range of the plant structure, and point type acceleration sensors are distributed in local positions; by external force excitation, in combination with y (t) = ax2(t) + bx (t) + c fitting an equation, finding out undetermined parameters a, b and c of the equation, and establishing a relation between a transmission signal of the distributed optical fiber sensor and a transmission signal of the point type acceleration sensor, wherein the relation comprises two directions of vertical vibration and transverse vibration; structural vibration in a production period is monitored through a full-range distributed optical fiber sensor, a plurality of positions with the largest amplitude, namely key positions, are found, point type acceleration sensors are additionally arranged at the key positions for key monitoring, and therefore the full-range optical fiber sensor coverage and the accurate testing of the point type acceleration sensors at the key positions are completed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of industrial factory building structure health monitoring, in particular to a method for intelligent monitoring and perception early warning of structural power of an industrial factory building in a normal use state, and particularly relates to a distributed optical fiber sensor-based method for monitoring structural vibration of the existing industrial factory building.
Background
As one of the world large industrial countries, China has numerous industrial factory building types and huge inventory, and the construction area of the factory building finished in the year exceeds 12 hundred million square meters. The power equipment in the industrial factory building is more, and equipment such as an air compressor, a drop hammer, a crane, a machine tool and the like easily generate unbalanced disturbance force in the operation and use process, so that the poor vibration of the structure is caused, the dynamic fatigue, stress concentration, dynamic instability and crack formation and accelerated development of components are caused, even the local damage of the structure is caused, and the durability and the safety of the factory building are seriously influenced. In addition, the bad vibration of structure can reduce precision instrument processing, measurement accuracy, influences the travelling comfort of the inside practitioner operational environment of building, is unfavorable for industrial production quality control and production efficiency's promotion. Therefore, the technical method for monitoring the service state of the industrial factory building in real time and establishing the structural abnormal vibration early warning is a necessary measure for ensuring the normal use state of the industrial factory building, and has important significance for improving the service performance of the existing industrial building and ensuring the industrial production quality.
In the existing engineering, a point-type sensor such as a vibrating wire accelerometer is mostly adopted to measure a vibration signal of a structure so as to obtain vibration information of the structure. The point type sensor has high measurement accuracy, excellent deviation stability and strong environmental adaptability. But the arrangement process is complex, the loss is easy during the monitoring period, the networking is complex, and the replacement cost is high. In addition, the point measurement mode can only acquire the acceleration of certain specific points of the structural member, and key information of structural vibration is easily missed, so that the monitoring result is difficult to completely express the real state of the structure. Therefore, how to monitor the normal use state of the structure more comprehensively and in detail has become a development direction of structural health monitoring.
In recent years, the rapid development of distributed optical fiber sensing technology provides a new technical means for structural health monitoring. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology enables all optical fibers along the distribution path to become sensitive elements, and the measured distribution information in the whole sensing area can be obtained in real time. The transmission and the sensing are combined into a whole, and the cost for arranging sensitive elements is reduced. The method can accurately measure the temperature, vibration and other information of any point on the optical fiber, and realize the positioning of the fault point or the disturbance point. The distributed optical fiber sensing instrument has the advantages of being anti-interference, corrosion-resistant, small in size, light in weight, free of electrical characteristics, capable of sensing in a distributed mode and the like, and the technology is applied to the field of boundary security protection more at present and is more limited to the existence of detection events. However, since the optical fiber measurement data has dimensionless characteristics, its application in the field of dynamic testing, especially its connection to vibration physical quantities (such as displacement, acceleration, etc.), is still under study. Therefore, in the field of building structure vibration monitoring, no effective and feasible application scheme exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a distributed optical fiber sensor-based method for monitoring the vibration of an existing industrial plant structure. The characteristics of anti-interference, distributed sensing and high-precision of point sensors of the distributed optical fiber sensors are comprehensively utilized, the distributed optical fiber sensors are laid on a main operation structure of a factory building, the vibration monitoring of the whole structure coverage optical fiber of the factory building is carried out, the point acceleration sensors are laid on key position points of the factory building structure, distributed optical fiber vibration signals are calibrated by sensor signals, and the industrial factory building vibration monitoring system of the full-range optical fiber-key point sensors is established. The method realizes real-time monitoring and spatial positioning of abnormal vibration signals excited by the industrial building environment, combines the industrial building vibration safety judgment standard, and finally realizes comprehensive monitoring and early warning of the industrial building structure vibration.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
the invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
(a) distributed optical fiber sensor and point type acceleration sensor
The method comprises the following steps of laying a distributed optical fiber sensor on an industrial factory building frame structure consisting of frame columns and cross beams of an industrial factory building, laying a second point type acceleration sensor in the middle of the cross beams, laying a first point type acceleration sensor at the uppermost end of the frame columns, respectively connecting the second point type acceleration sensor and the first point type acceleration sensor with a data acquisition instrument, and connecting the distributed optical fiber sensor with the optical fiber data acquisition instrument;
(b) establishing the relation between the transmission signal of the distributed optical fiber sensor and the transmission signal of the point type acceleration sensor through external force excitation
On a cross beam near a second point type acceleration sensor or a frame column near a first point type acceleration sensor, knocking and exciting the cross beam or the frame column by using a force hammer respectively, acquiring vibration signals of the second point type acceleration sensor or the first point type acceleration sensor by using a data acquisition instrument, and acquiring vibration signals of a distributed optical fiber sensor by using an optical fiber data acquisition instrument;
by y (t) = ax2(t) + bx (t) + c equation, establishing a relation of vibration signals between the second point type acceleration sensor and the distributed optical fiber sensor, wherein y (t) is the vibration amplitude of the second point type acceleration sensor at a certain moment when the second point type acceleration sensor is arranged, x (t) is the vibration amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor at the same moment when the second point type acceleration sensor (2) is arranged, and y (t) = ax is obtained by multiple-tap excitation and fitting2The values of a, b and c in the equation (t) + bx (t) + c;
by z (t) = ew2(t) + fw (t) + g equation, establishing a relation of vibration signals between the first point type acceleration sensor and the distributed optical fiber sensor, wherein z (t) is the vibration amplitude of the first point type acceleration sensor (1) at a certain moment when the first point type acceleration sensor is arranged, w (t) is the vibration amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor at the same moment when the first point type acceleration sensor is arranged, and z (t) = ew is obtained by multiple-tap excitation and fitting2The values of e, f and g in the equation (t) + fw (t) + g;
(c) the maximum amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor is monitored, the position with the maximum acceleration amplitude, namely the key position, is found, and the acceleration sensor is additionally arranged at the key position
Monitoring the maximum amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor in a vibration state of normal service of 1-2 production periods of the industrial factory building, wherein the maximum amplitude is measured through y (t) = ax2(t) + bx (t) + c and z (t) = ew2(t) + fw (t) + g equation, and obtaining the position of the maximum amplitude of the acceleration of the beam and the acceleration of the frame columnAnd at the position of the maximum amplitude, a point type acceleration sensor is additionally arranged at the position as a key monitoring object, so that the coverage of the full-range optical fiber sensor and the accurate monitoring of the point type acceleration sensor at the key position are completed.
The invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: in the process of laying the distributed optical fiber sensors in the step (a), the corresponding relation between the signal positions of the distributed optical fiber sensors and the positions of the structures where the distributed optical fiber sensors are located is accurately recorded, the geometric parameters of the structures of the beams or the frame columns correspond to the positions of the optical fiber measuring points one by one, and the one-to-one correspondence between the positions of the signals measured by the distributed optical fiber sensors and the vibration positions of the beams or the frame columns is ensured.
The invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: in the step (b), the beam or the frame column is knocked and excited by a force hammer, and the data acquisition frequency is increased when the beam or the frame column is knocked by the force hammer fWithin the range of 200-500 Hz, the testing time is within 1min, and the distance between the knocking point of the force hammer and the second point type acceleration sensor of the cross beam or the first point type acceleration sensor of the frame column is within the range of 50 mm-100 mm.
The invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: in the step (b), the beam or the frame column is knocked and excited once by the force hammer, and three different moments in the test time are selected, so that y (t) = a1x2(t)+b1x(t)+c1A in the equation1、b1And c1A value; or z (t) = ew2E in the equation (t) + fw (t) + g1、f1And g1A value; repeating the steps, and performing at least n times of knocking excitation to respectively obtain a2、b2And c2A value; e.g. of the type2、f2And g2A value; a isn、bnAnd cnA value; e.g. of the typen、fnAnd gnValue, a = (a)1+a2……+an)/n；b=(b1+b2……+bn)/n；c=(c1+c2……+cn)/n；e=(e1+e2……+en)/n；f=(f1+f2……+fn)/n；g=(g1+g2……+gn)/n。
The invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: the number of n is not less than 3.
The invention discloses an industrial factory building power monitoring method based on a distributed optical fiber sensor, which comprises the following steps: it still includes: and (d) when the maximum vibration amplitude of the point type acceleration sensor additionally arranged in the step (c) is larger than the maximum value of the building engineering allowable vibration standard, manually checking whether a plant frame structure consisting of the frame columns and the cross beams is damaged and performing necessary reinforcement or adjusting the technological process or frequency of high-intensity excitation in the industrial plant.
The industrial factory building power monitoring method based on the distributed optical fiber sensor can comprehensively and effectively control the vibration state of the factory building structure in daily operation according to the vibration monitoring result of the networking type industrial factory building service stage of the full-range optical fiber-key position point type sensor. And according to the actual monitoring result, advices are given to whether reinforcement is needed or not for the components which are possibly damaged or have large vibration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the power monitoring method of an industrial factory building based on a distributed optical fiber sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed optical fiber sensor, a point acceleration sensor, a data acquisition instrument and an optical fiber data acquisition instrument arranged on a beam and a frame column in an industrial plant by using the method for monitoring the power of the industrial plant based on the distributed optical fiber sensor according to the present invention;
in fig. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a first point type acceleration sensor; reference numeral 2 is a second point type acceleration sensor; reference numeral 3 is a frame column; reference numeral 4 is a beam; reference numeral 5 is a distributed optical fiber sensor; reference numeral 6 is a data acquisition instrument; reference numeral 7 denotes a fiber optic data acquisition instrument.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the method for monitoring the power of the industrial plant based on the distributed optical fiber sensor of the invention comprises the following steps:
(a) distributed optical fiber sensor 5 and point type acceleration sensor
As shown in fig. 2, a distributed optical fiber sensor 5 is arranged on an industrial factory building frame structure composed of frame columns 3 and beams 4 of an industrial factory building, the corresponding relation between the signal position of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 and the structure position where the distributed optical fiber sensor is located is accurately recorded, the structure geometric parameters of the beams 4 or the frame columns 3 are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of optical fiber measuring points, and if interval marking per meter or half meter interval marking is carried out, the one-to-one correspondence between the positions of the signals measured by the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 and the vibration positions of the beams 4 or the frame columns 3 is ensured; a second point type acceleration sensor 2 is arranged in the middle of the cross beam 4, a first point type acceleration sensor 1 is arranged at the uppermost end of the frame column 3, the second point type acceleration sensor 2 and the first point type acceleration sensor 1 are respectively connected with a data acquisition instrument 6, and a distributed optical fiber sensor 5 is connected with an optical fiber data acquisition instrument 7;
(b) establishing the relation between the transmission signal of the distributed optical fiber sensor and the transmission signal of the point type acceleration sensor through external force excitation
On a cross beam 4 near a second point type acceleration sensor 2 or a frame column 3 near a first point type acceleration sensor 1, a force hammer is used for knocking and exciting the cross beam 4 or the frame column 3 respectively, when knocking occurs, the distance between the knocking point of the force hammer and the second point type acceleration sensor 2 of the cross beam 4 or the first point type acceleration sensor 1 of the frame column 3 is within the range of 50mm to 100mm, a data acquisition instrument 6 is used for acquiring vibration signals of the second point type acceleration sensor 2 or the first point type acceleration sensor 1, an optical fiber data acquisition instrument 7 is used for acquiring vibration signals of a distributed optical fiber sensor 5, and the data acquisition frequency is set fWithin the range of 200-500 Hz, the testing time is within 1 min;
by y (t) = ax2An equation of (t) + bx (t) + c, which establishes the relationship of the vibration signals between the second point type acceleration sensor 2 and the distributed optical fiber sensor 5, wherein y (t) is the distribution of the second point type accelerationThe vibration amplitude of the second point type acceleration sensor 2 at a certain moment of the sensor 2, x (t) is the vibration amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 at the same moment of the second point type acceleration sensor 2, and in the process of one-time knocking excitation of the force hammer on the beam 4 or the frame column 3, different three moments in the test time are selected, so that y (t) = a1x2(t)+b1x(t)+c1A in the equation1、b1And c1A value; through 4 times of knocking excitation, respectively obtaining a2、b2And c2Value a3、b3And c3Value a4、b4And c4The value, finally, is a = (a)1+a2+a3+a4)/4；b=(b1+b2+b3+b4)/4，c=(c1+c2+c3+c4) (v 4) fitting to get y (t) = ax2(t)+bx(t)+c；
By z (t) = ew2(t) + fw (t) + g equation, establishing a relation of vibration signals between the first point type acceleration sensor 1 and the distributed optical fiber sensor 5, wherein z (t) is the vibration amplitude of the first point type acceleration sensor 1 at a certain moment when the first point type acceleration sensor 1 is arranged, w (t) is the vibration amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 at the same moment when the first point type acceleration sensor 1 is arranged, and in the process of one-time knocking excitation of a force hammer on the beam 4 or the frame column 3, different three moments in the test time are selected, so that z (t) = ew can be obtained2E in the equation (t) + fw (t) + g1、f1And g1A value; by 4 knock excitation, respectively obtain e2、f2And g2Value e3、f3And g3Value e4、f4And g4Value, finally get e = (e)1+e2+e3+e4)/4；f=(f1+f2+f3+f4)/4，g=(g1+g2+g3+g4) (4) fitting to obtain z (t) = ew2(t) + fw (t) + g equation;
(c) monitoring the maximum amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5, finding out the position with the maximum acceleration amplitude, namely the key position, and additionally arranging an acceleration sensor at the key position
Monitoring the maximum amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor 5 in a vibration state of normal service of 1-2 production periods of the industrial factory building, wherein the maximum amplitude is obtained through y (t) = ax2(t) + bx (t) + c and z (t) = ew2(t) + fw (t) + g equation, obtaining the position of the maximum amplitude of the acceleration of the beam 4 and the position of the maximum amplitude of the acceleration of the frame column 3, and adding a point type acceleration sensor at the positions to be used as a key monitoring object, thereby completing the coverage of the optical fiber sensor 5 in the full range and the networking of the industrial factory building monitoring system for accurately monitoring the point type acceleration sensor at the key position;
step (d), early warning and carrying out necessary improvement
When the maximum vibration amplitude of the point type acceleration sensor additionally arranged in the step (c) is larger than the maximum value of the building engineering allowable vibration standard, taking the industrial piling impact operation as an example, the limit value of the allowable vibration speed at the floor of the factory building is 12.0mm/s, and when the maximum value is reached or approached, the factory building frame structure consisting of the frame columns 3 and the cross beams 4 needs to be artificially checked to determine whether the factory building frame structure is damaged and to perform necessary reinforcement, or the technological process or the frequency of high-intensity excitation in the industrial factory building is adjusted.
Although only one frame post and beam is shown in fig. 2, in practice, the above operation is performed on all frame posts and beams.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scope of this patent is not limited by the invention, and the embodiments and methods similar to the embodiments and methods are not creatively designed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A power monitoring method for an industrial factory building based on a distributed optical fiber sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
(a) distributed optical fiber sensor (5) and point type acceleration sensor
The method comprises the steps of laying a distributed optical fiber sensor (5) on an industrial factory building frame structure consisting of frame columns (3) and cross beams (4) of an industrial factory building, laying a second point type acceleration sensor (2) in the middle of the cross beams (4), laying a first point type acceleration sensor (1) at the uppermost end of the frame columns (3), respectively connecting the second point type acceleration sensor (2) and the first point type acceleration sensor (1) with a data acquisition instrument (6), connecting the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) with an optical fiber data acquisition instrument (7), accurately recording the corresponding relation between the signal position of the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) and the structure position of the distributed optical fiber sensor in the process of laying the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) in the step (a), and corresponding the structure geometric parameters of the cross beams (4) or the frame columns (3) and the optical fiber measuring point positions one by one to ensure that the signal position measured by the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) and the vibration position of the cross beams (4) or the frame columns (3) are in one to one correspondence One-to-one correspondence;
(b) establishing the relation between the transmission signal of the distributed optical fiber sensor and the transmission signal of the point type acceleration sensor through external force excitation
On a cross beam (4) near a second point type acceleration sensor (2) or a frame column (3) near a first point type acceleration sensor (1), knocking and exciting the cross beam (4) or the frame column (3) by using a force hammer respectively, collecting vibration signals of the second point type acceleration sensor (2) or the first point type acceleration sensor (1) by using a data collector (6), and collecting vibration signals of a distributed optical fiber sensor (5) by using an optical fiber data collector (7);
by y (t) = ax2(t) + bx (t) + c equation, and establishing a relation of vibration signals between the second point type acceleration sensor (2) and the distributed optical fiber sensor (5), wherein y (t) is the vibration amplitude of the second point type acceleration sensor (2) at a certain moment when the second point type acceleration sensor (2) is arranged, x (t) is the vibration amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) at the same moment when the second point type acceleration sensor (2) is arranged, and y (t) = ax is obtained by multiple-tap excitation and fitting2(t) + bx (t) + cThe values of a, b and c in the equation;
by z (t) = ew2(t) + fw (t) + g equation, establishing a relation of vibration signals between the first point type acceleration sensor (1) and the distributed optical fiber sensor (5), wherein z (t) is the vibration amplitude of the first point type acceleration sensor (1) at a certain moment when the first point type acceleration sensor (1) is arranged, w (t) is the vibration amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) at the same moment when the first point type acceleration sensor (1) is arranged, and z (t) = ew is obtained by multiple-tap excitation and fitting2The values of e, f and g in the equation (t) + fw (t) + g;
(c) monitoring the maximum amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor (5), finding out the position with the maximum amplitude, namely a key position, and additionally arranging an acceleration sensor at the key position
Monitoring the maximum amplitude of the distributed optical fiber sensor (5) in a vibration state of normal service of 1-2 production periods of the industrial factory building, wherein the maximum amplitude is measured by y (t) = ax2(t) + bx (t) + c and z (t) = ew2And (t) + fw (t) + g equation, obtaining the position of the maximum amplitude of the acceleration of the beam (4) and the position of the maximum amplitude of the acceleration of the frame column (3), and adding a point type acceleration sensor at the positions to be used as a key monitoring object, thereby completing the coverage of the optical fiber sensor (5) in the whole range and the networking of the industrial factory building monitoring system for accurately monitoring the point type acceleration sensor at the key position.
2. The industrial plant power monitoring method based on the distributed optical fiber sensor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (b), the beam (4) or the frame column (3) is knocked and excited by a force hammer, and the data acquisition frequency is increased when the beam (4) or the frame column (3) is knocked by the force hammer fWithin the range of 200-500 Hz, the testing time is within 1min, and the distance between the knocking point of the force hammer and the second point type acceleration sensor (2) of the cross beam (4) or the first point type acceleration sensor (1) of the frame column (3) is within the range of 50 mm-100 mm.
3. The distributed fiber optic based sensor of claim 2The industrial factory building power monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (b), the beam (4) or the frame column (3) is subjected to one-time knocking excitation through a force hammer, and three different moments in the test time are selected, so that y (t) = a can be obtained1x2(t)+b1x(t)+c1A in the equation1、b1And c1A value; or z (t) = ew2E in the equation (t) + fw (t) + g1、f1And g1A value; repeating the steps, and performing at least n times of knocking excitation to respectively obtain a2、b2And c2A value; e.g. of the type2、f2And g2A value; a isn、bnAnd cnA value; e.g. of the typen、fnAnd gnValue, a = (a)1+a2……+an)/n；b=(b1+b2……+bn)/n，c=(c1+c2……+cn)/n，e=(e1+e2……+en)/n，f=(f1+f2……+fn)/n,g=(g1+g2……+gn)/n。
4. The industrial plant power monitoring method based on the distributed optical fiber sensor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the number of n is not less than 3.
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