CN112427649B - Additive manufacturing equipment and manufacturing method for titanium alloy structural part - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing equipment and manufacturing method for titanium alloy structural part Download PDFInfo
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- CN112427649B CN112427649B CN202011204403.XA CN202011204403A CN112427649B CN 112427649 B CN112427649 B CN 112427649B CN 202011204403 A CN202011204403 A CN 202011204403A CN 112427649 B CN112427649 B CN 112427649B
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural part, wherein the additive manufacturing equipment adopts an integrated printing head and comprises a metal paving part and a forging part, the metal paving part and the forging part are respectively fixed on a numerical control slide rail, and the metal paving part comprises a heating wire feeding device and a heating wire feeding device bracket; the forging part comprises an air hammer and a forging head, and the heating wire feeding device comprises a metal wire, a wire feeding roller, a guide sleeve and an induction heating coil. The invention introduces the forging process into the additive manufacturing process, realizes the additive manufacturing of parts with forging mechanical property in two states of melting-cladding and solid plastic deformation-paving, effectively overcomes the problems of the existing additive manufacturing technology based on cladding and friction welding processes, improves the mechanical property of parts produced by the additive manufacturing mode, reduces the introduction of impurities, improves the production capacity of parts products with complex structures, and simultaneously can reduce the cost and improve the efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to additive manufacturing equipment for a titanium alloy structural part and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the commonly used metal additive manufacturing method mainly adopts a heat source such as laser, electron beam and the like, uses powder, wire materials and the like as raw materials, and shapes metal parts such as titanium alloy and the like by a wire feeding, powder feeding or powder laying method, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), electron beam selective melting (SES), electron beam sintering forming (EBF) and the like, which are mainly additive manufacturing methods of a metal cladding process. In order to melt the titanium alloy, the metal can be melted by adopting methods such as laser, electron beam and the like, and the methods such as vacuum arc consumable melting, electroslag remelting, electron beam melting, plasma melting, vacuum induction melting and the like can also be adopted. However, parts manufactured by the cladding-based additive manufacturing technology have the following defects: firstly, the manufacturing part has as-cast structure, and mechanical properties is low, can not obtain different tissue states according to spare part application occasion, satisfies spare part in multiple application occasion to the concrete requirement of mechanical properties, especially can not be used for making key parts such as aircraft frame, undercarriage and the rotor of engine, and application scope is restricted. And secondly, the additive manufacturing method based on metal cladding mostly adopts high-energy beams as heat sources, and additive manufacturing equipment has high cost, large equipment size and low forming efficiency.
There are also solid-state friction welding methods introduced into additive manufacturing, where additive manufacturing is achieved under solid-state conditions, and there are mainly additive manufacturing techniques based on friction stir welding, additive manufacturing techniques based on linear friction welding, etc., which achieve overlaying and connection of materials with the previous layer under solid-state conditions. However, the parts manufactured by the solid-state friction welding method have the following defects: firstly, the additive manufacturing technology based on friction stir welding needs to rely on a stirring head to perform friction stir deformation and connection on materials, the stirring head is seriously abraded, high-density impurities are easily introduced into a structural part, and the mechanical property, particularly the fatigue property of the structural part is reduced; secondly, the material increase manufacturing technology adopting linear friction welding has high requirements on equipment, and a structural member with a certain complex shape is difficult to form point by point and line by line according to a track.
In order to overcome the problems of the existing additive manufacturing technology based on cladding and friction welding processes, improve the mechanical property of parts produced by an additive manufacturing mode, reduce the introduction of impurities, improve the production capacity of parts products with complex structures, reduce the cost and improve the efficiency, the inventor provides additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural part.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides additive manufacturing equipment and a manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural part, which realize additive manufacturing in two states of melting-cladding and solid plastic deformation-cladding or a combined process of the two states by a forging mode, and effectively solve the problems of poor mechanical property, more introduced impurities, difficulty in forming the structural part with a complex shape, high production cost and low efficiency of parts produced by the existing additive manufacturing technology.
(2) Technical scheme
In a first aspect, the invention provides additive manufacturing equipment for a titanium alloy structural part, which comprises a numerical control slide rail and an integrated printing head; the integrated printing head comprises a metal paving part and a forging part, and the metal paving part and the forging part are respectively fixed on the numerical control slide rail.
Further, the metal paving component comprises a heating wire feeder and a heating wire feeder bracket; the forging part comprises an air hammer and a forging head, and the forging head is installed at the end part of the air hammer; the heating wire feeding device support is fixed on the numerical control slide rail, and the heating wire feeding device is installed in a cavity of the heating wire feeding device support.
Further, the heating wire feeding device comprises a metal wire, a wire feeding roller, a guide sleeve and an induction heating coil; the guide sleeve is of a tubular structure, the first end of the guide sleeve is fixedly arranged at the wire feeding output end of the wire feeding roller, and the second end of the guide sleeve is positioned at the upper part of the prefabricated blank; the induction heating coil is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guide sleeve; the wire is fed through the wire feed roller and through the first end of the guide sleeve, and then extends from the second end and then overlies the preform.
Furthermore, the upper end of the heating wire feeding device support is fixedly arranged on the numerical control slide rail, the heating wire feeding device support is of a multi-section cavity structure, and the wire feeding roller, the guide sleeve and the induction heating coil are arranged inside the heating wire feeding device support; and a forging hole is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the heating wire feeder support, and the air hammer sends a forging head to the position above the preform paved and forged part through the forging hole by the movement of the numerical control slide rail.
Furthermore, the induction heating coil is of a spiral structure, and the heating temperature range is 800-2000 ℃.
Furthermore, the wire feeding rollers are a group of rollers which are oppositely arranged and rotate relatively.
Further, the material of the guide sleeve is high-temperature-resistant alloy or high-temperature-resistant ceramic material. By adopting the metal guide sleeve, the titanium alloy material can be subjected to additive manufacturing in a plastic state; by adopting the ceramic guide sleeve, the additive manufacturing can be carried out on the titanium alloy material in a plastic state, and the additive manufacturing can also be carried out on the titanium alloy material in a melting state.
In a second aspect, there is provided a method of additive manufacturing of a titanium alloy structural part using the additive manufacturing apparatus of the first aspect, the method comprising:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil, heating a titanium alloy wire to a plastic state of 800-1000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller and paving the titanium alloy wire on the preformed blank;
3) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized;
4) The integrated printing head is used for paving metal, forging deformation and connection according to the track, so that high-performance structural parts are prepared layer by layer and line by line;
5) Carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h, so that the formed prefabricated blank is densified, and the mechanical property is further improved;
6) And carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare the titanium alloy structural member.
Further, the induction heating coil heats the titanium alloy wire to 900-1000 ℃, the forging amplitude is 0.5-3 mm, and the frequency is 2-200 Hz.
Further, in the step 2), the induction heating coil heats the titanium alloy wire to a cladding state at 1800-2000 ℃; in step 4), spreading the molten titanium alloy droplets on a prefabricated blank; the forging amplitude is 0.5 mm-3 mm, and the frequency is 2 Hz-200 Hz.
Further, another additive manufacturing method for manufacturing a titanium alloy structural part by using the additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil when forming a part within the boundary of a two-dimensional graph after the part is layered, heating a titanium alloy wire to a plastic state of 800-1000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller to be laid on the prefabricated blank;
3) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized; the forging amplitude is 0.5 mm-3 mm, and the frequency is 2 Hz-200 Hz.
4) When the boundary part of the two-dimensional graph after the part is layered is formed, an induction heating coil is started to heat the titanium alloy wire to a cladding state at 1800-2000 ℃, and then a wire feeding roller drives the titanium alloy wire to move and cover the titanium alloy wire on the prefabricated blank;
5) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
6) When the boundary and the boundary of the two-dimensional graph of the uppermost layer of the layered part are formed, an induction heating coil is started to heat the titanium alloy wire to a cladding state of 1800-2000 ℃, and then a wire feeding roller drives the titanium alloy wire to move and cover the titanium alloy wire on the preformed blank;
7) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
8) The integrated printing head is used for paving metal, forging deformation and connection according to the track, so that a high-performance structural part is prepared layer by layer and line by line;
9) Carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h, so that the formed prefabricated blank is densified, and the mechanical property is further improved;
10 Carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare the titanium alloy structural part.
When the part in the boundary of each layer is formed, the titanium alloy wire is heated to a plastic state and is paved on a prefabricated blank, then the titanium alloy wire is immediately forged, so that the forge welding connection between the titanium alloy wire and the prefabricated blank is realized, when the boundary part of each layer is formed, the titanium alloy wire is heated to a cladding state and is paved on the prefabricated blank, then the forging processing is immediately carried out, when the two-dimensional pattern of the uppermost layer after the formed part is layered, the titanium alloy wire is heated to a cladding state and is paved on the prefabricated blank, then the forging processing is immediately carried out, through the forming steps, a prefabricated blank is finally formed, the surface of the prefabricated blank is formed through the forging processing after cladding, the inside is formed through the forging deformation and connection in the plastic state, even if holes and other insufflated defects exist in the inside forging deformation and connection, the holes are also in a vacuum state, and the defects can be completely closed after the subsequent hot isostatic pressing. Therefore, when forging deformation and connection are carried out in a plastic state, the connection welding rate cannot reach 100%, and through subsequent hot isostatic pressing, a fully compact titanium alloy material and a fully compact structure can be obtained, so that high-performance parts can be formed through printing.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the invention provides an additive manufacturing device and method for a titanium alloy structural part, and provides an additive manufacturing method based on plastic deformation, wherein a wire or a strip is used as a raw material, the wire or the strip is heated to a plastic deformation state or a molten state, and is laid on a prefabricated blank according to a track, and then the laid or clad metal is immediately forged, deformed and connected, so that the titanium alloy structural part is manufactured layer by layer and line by line according to the track. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, good product performance, low cost and the like, and has industrial application prospect. In addition, the invention also has the following advantages:
1. the material is formed in a plastic state, and the forging forming can well improve the metal structure state, refine grains, reduce residual stress and control macroscopic deformation. But the plastic printing forming effect is better, mainly because the material is formed in a superplastic state, the temperature is far lower than the cladding temperature, and the tissue is easier to control;
2. in other composite additive manufacturing and forming processes based on thermomechanical processing, the high-energy beam gun and the forging processing head are arranged in tandem and can only walk in the direction in which the forging head points to the high-energy beam gun, but not in the opposite direction, because the high-energy beam gun and the forging processing head are arranged in position, the respective processing axes are in a series mode, and the processing sequence exists. In the application, no matter the axis of the titanium alloy wire is superposed with the axis of the forging head, the walking track can walk along any path, and the great degree of freedom is realized;
3. in other composite additive manufacturing forming processes based on thermomechanical working, when each layer is cladded, a remelting zone exists, and if an additive manufacturing structure with a forging structure is to be obtained, the thickness of a forging processing area is required to be larger than the sum of the thicknesses of a cladding zone and a remelting zone of the next layer. The forming technology in the application has no cladding area and remelting area, only interlayer connection is realized in a forging mode, and compared with the traditional folding forging (forge welding), the forging in the application has no oxide layer in a vacuum environment, and the interlayer connection effect is better;
4. in the other composite additive manufacturing and forming processes based on thermal mechanical processing, certain requirements are placed on the rigidity of the head of a high-energy beam welding gun, and when the rigidity is insufficient and the forging force is large, vibration is easy to occur, so that the molten pool and cladding quality are unstable. The integrated printing head is highly integrated, has very good rigidity and is good in process robustness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an additive manufacturing apparatus for a titanium alloy structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the component parts of the additive manufacturing apparatus structure of the titanium alloy structural member shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heated wire feeder.
In the figure: 1-a numerical control slide rail; 2-an air hammer; 3-forging the head; 4-heating the wire feeder; 5-heating the wire feeder support; 6-a metal wire; 7-wire feeding roller; 8, a guide sleeve; 9-an induction heating coil; 10-a metal clad component; 11-forging the part; 12-an integral printhead; 13-forging a hole.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Example 1
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural diagrams of an additive manufacturing apparatus for a titanium alloy structural member according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heated wire feeder. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the equipment comprises a numerical control slide rail 1 and an integrated printing head 12, wherein the integrated printing head 12 comprises a metal cladding part 10 and a forging part 11, and the metal cladding part 10 and the forging part 11 are respectively fixed on the numerical control slide rail.
The forged part 11 includes an air hammer 2 and a forging head 3, and the forging head 3 is mounted on the end of the air hammer 2.
The metal paving component 10 comprises a heating wire feeding device 4 and a heating wire feeding device support 5, and the heating wire feeding device support 5 is fixed on the numerical control slide rail 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the heating wire feeder 4 includes a metal wire 6, a wire feeding roller 7, a guide sleeve 8, and an induction heating coil 9; the guide sleeve 8 is a hollow tubular structure made of high-temperature-resistant alloy, the first end of the guide sleeve 8 is fixedly arranged at the wire feeding output end of the wire feeding roller 7, and the second end of the guide sleeve is positioned at the upper part of the prefabricated blank; the induction heating coil 9 is of a spiral structure and fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guide sleeve 8 in a surrounding manner, and the heating temperature range of the induction heating coil is 800-2000 ℃; the wire 6 is fed through the wire feed roller 7, passes through the first end of the guide sleeve 8, protrudes from the second end, and then is laid over the preform. The wire feeding rollers 7 are oppositely arranged and rotate relatively.
The upper end of a heating wire feeding device support 5 is fixedly arranged on the numerical control slide rail 1, the upper part of the heating wire feeding device support is a cavity, and a wire feeding roller 7, a guide sleeve 8 and an induction heating coil 9 are arranged in the cavity; a forging hole 13 is formed in the side wall of the lower portion of the heating wire feeding device support 5, and the air hammer 2 sends the forging head 3 to the position above a preform paving forging position through the forging hole 13 by the movement of the numerical control slide rail 1. The heating mode of the induction coil can adopt an infrared heating mode and a resistance heating mode.
The additive manufacturing method of the titanium alloy structural member, which is suitable for the additive manufacturing equipment of the titanium alloy structural member of the embodiment, comprises the following steps:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil 9, heating the titanium alloy wire to a plastic state of 800-1000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller 7 and paving the titanium alloy wire on the prefabricated blank;
3) Starting the air hammer 2 to drive the forging head 3 to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized; the forging amplitude is 0.5 mm-3 mm, and the frequency is 2 Hz-200 Hz.
4) The integrated printing head 12 is paved with metal, forged, deformed and connected according to the track, so that a high-performance structural part is prepared layer by layer and line by line;
5) Carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h, so that the formed prefabricated blank is densified, and the mechanical property is further improved;
6) And carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare the titanium alloy structural member.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the guide sleeve 8 is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic material.
The additive manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural member suitable for the additive manufacturing apparatus of a titanium alloy structural member of embodiment 2 includes the steps of:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil 9, heating the titanium alloy wire to a cladding state of 1800-2000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller 7 and paving the titanium alloy wire on the prefabricated blank;
3) Starting the air hammer 2 to drive the forging head 3 to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized; the forging amplitude is 0.5 mm-3 mm, and the frequency is 2 Hz-200 Hz.
4) The integrated printing head 12 is paved with metal, forged, deformed and connected according to the track, so that a high-performance structural part is prepared layer by layer and line by line;
5) Carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h, so that the formed prefabricated blank is densified, and the mechanical property is further improved;
6) And carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare the titanium alloy structural part.
Example 3
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the guide sleeve 8 is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic material.
An additive manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural member suitable for use in the additive manufacturing apparatus of a titanium alloy structural member of embodiment 2, comprising the steps of:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil 9 when forming a part within the boundary of a layered two-dimensional graph of the part, heating a titanium alloy wire to a plastic state of 800-1000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller 7 to be paved on the preformed blank;
3) Meanwhile, the air hammer 2 drives the forging head 3 to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the preformed blank is realized; the forging amplitude is 0.5 mm-3 mm, and the frequency is 2 Hz-200 Hz.
4) When the boundary part of the two-dimensional graph after the part is layered is formed, an induction heating coil 9 is started, the titanium alloy wire is heated to a cladding state of 1800-2000 ℃, and then a wire feeding roller 7 drives the titanium alloy wire to move and is paved on the prefabricated blank;
5) Meanwhile, the air hammer 2 drives the forging head 3 to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the preformed blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
6) When the boundary and the boundary of the two-dimensional graph of the uppermost layer of the layered parts are formed, an induction heating coil 9 is started, the titanium alloy wire is heated to a cladding state of 1800-2000 ℃, and then a wire feeding roller 7 drives the titanium alloy wire to move and is paved on the prefabricated blank;
7) Meanwhile, the air hammer 2 drives the forging head 3 to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the prefabricated blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
8) The integrated printing head 12 is used for paving metal, forging deformation and connection according to the track, so that a high-performance structural member is prepared layer by layer and line by line;
9) Carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h, so that the formed prefabricated blank is densified, and the mechanical property is further improved;
10 Carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare the titanium alloy structural part.
The invention provides an additive manufacturing device and method of a titanium alloy structural part, and provides an additive manufacturing method based on plastic deformation. When the scheme of embodiment 3 is adopted, when the part in the boundary of each layer is formed, the titanium alloy wire is heated to the plastic state and is paved on the preform, then forging processing is carried out on the titanium alloy wire and the preform immediately, when the boundary part of each layer is formed, the titanium alloy wire is heated to the cladding state and is paved on the preform immediately, forging processing is carried out on the preform immediately, when the two-dimensional pattern of the uppermost layer after the formed part is layered, the titanium alloy wire is heated to the cladding state and is paved on the preform immediately, forging processing is carried out on the preform, and finally a preform is formed through the above forming steps. Therefore, when forging deformation and connection are carried out in a plastic state, the connection welding rate cannot reach 100%, and through subsequent hot isostatic pressing, a fully compact titanium alloy material and a fully compact structure can be obtained, so that high-performance parts can be formed through printing. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, good product performance, low cost and the like, and has industrial application prospect.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. An additive manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural part is characterized in that the method adopts additive manufacturing equipment for processing and comprises the following steps:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil, heating a titanium alloy wire to a cladding state of 1800-2000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller and paving the titanium alloy wire on a prefabricated blank;
3) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the preformed blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
4) Spreading molten titanium alloy droplets in a molten state onto the preform; the integrated printing head is used for paving metal, forging deformation and connection according to the track, so that high-performance structural parts are prepared layer by layer and line by line; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
5) And (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the process parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h;
6) Carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare a titanium alloy structural member;
the additive manufacturing equipment comprises a numerical control slide rail and an integrated printing head; the integrated printing head comprises a metal paving part and a forging part, and the metal paving part and the forging part are respectively fixed on the numerical control slide rail;
the metal paving component comprises a heating wire feeding device and a heating wire feeding device bracket; the forging part comprises an air hammer and a forging head, and the forging head is arranged at the end part of the air hammer; the heating wire feeding device support is fixed on the numerical control slide rail, and the heating wire feeding device is arranged in a cavity of the heating wire feeding device support;
the heating wire feeding device comprises a metal wire, a wire feeding roller, a guide sleeve and an induction heating coil; the guide sleeve is of a tubular structure, the first end of the guide sleeve is fixedly arranged at the wire feeding output end of the wire feeding roller, and the second end of the guide sleeve is positioned at the upper part of the prefabricated blank; the induction heating coil is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guide sleeve; the metal wire is fed into the first end of the guide sleeve through the wire feeding roller, passes through the first end of the guide sleeve, extends out of the second end of the guide sleeve and then is laid on the prefabricated blank; the temperature range of the induction heating coil is 800-2000 ℃;
the upper end of the heating wire feeding device support is fixedly arranged on the numerical control slide rail, the heating wire feeding device support is of a multi-section cavity structure, and the wire feeding roller, the guide sleeve and the induction heating coil are all arranged inside the heating wire feeding device support; and a forging hole is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the heating wire feeding device support, and the air hammer sends a forging head to the position above the preform paved forging part through the forging hole by the movement of the numerical control slide rail.
2. A method of additive manufacturing of a titanium alloy structural component, characterised in that it is processed using an additive manufacturing apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
1) According to the shape of the formed part, layering the part, designing a track and forming a control program;
2) Placing the additive manufacturing equipment in a vacuum environment, starting an induction heating coil when forming a part within the boundary of a two-dimensional graph after the part is layered, heating a titanium alloy wire to a plastic state of 800-1000 ℃, and then driving the titanium alloy wire to move by a wire feeding roller and paving the titanium alloy wire on a prefabricated blank;
3) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the preformed blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
4) When the boundary part of the two-dimensional graph after the part is layered is formed, an induction heating coil is started to heat the titanium alloy wire to a cladding state at 1800-2000 ℃, and then a wire feeding roller drives the titanium alloy wire to move and lay the titanium alloy wire on the prefabricated blank;
5) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the preformed blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
6) When the boundary and the boundary of the two-dimensional graph of the uppermost layer of the layered parts are formed, an induction heating coil is started to heat the titanium alloy wire to a cladding state at 1800-2000 ℃, and then a wire feeding roller drives the titanium alloy wire to move and cover the titanium alloy wire on the prefabricated blank;
7) Meanwhile, the air hammer drives the forging head to forge, deform and connect the titanium alloy material which is just paved, so that the connection between the titanium alloy material and the preformed blank is realized; forging with amplitude of 0.5-3 mm and frequency of 2-200 Hz;
8) The integrated printing head is used for paving metal, forging deformation and connection according to the track, so that high-performance structural parts are prepared layer by layer and line by line;
9) Carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the paved prefabricated blank, wherein the technological parameters are as follows: 880-960 ℃/150-200 MPa/2-4 h, so that the formed prefabricated blank is densified, and the mechanical property is further improved;
10 Carrying out numerical control machining on the printed and formed prefabricated blank to prepare a titanium alloy structural member;
the additive manufacturing equipment comprises a numerical control slide rail and an integrated printing head; the integrated printing head comprises a metal paving part and a forging part, and the metal paving part and the forging part are respectively fixed on the numerical control slide rail;
the metal paving component comprises a heating wire feeding device and a heating wire feeding device bracket; the forging part comprises an air hammer and a forging head, and the forging head is arranged at the end part of the air hammer; the heating wire feeding device support is fixed on the numerical control slide rail, and the heating wire feeding device is arranged in a cavity of the heating wire feeding device support;
the heating wire feeding device comprises a metal wire, a wire feeding roller, a guide sleeve and an induction heating coil; the guide sleeve is of a tubular structure, the first end of the guide sleeve is fixedly arranged at the wire feeding output end of the wire feeding roller, and the second end of the guide sleeve is positioned at the upper part of the preformed blank; the induction heating coil is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the guide sleeve; the metal wire is fed into the first end of the guide sleeve through the wire feeding roller, passes through the first end of the guide sleeve, extends out of the second end of the guide sleeve and then is laid on the prefabricated blank; the temperature range of the induction heating coil is 800-2000 ℃;
the upper end of the heating wire feeding device support is fixedly arranged on the numerical control slide rail, the heating wire feeding device support is of a multi-section cavity structure, and the wire feeding roller, the guide sleeve and the induction heating coil are all arranged inside the heating wire feeding device support; and a forging hole is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the heating wire feeding device support, and the air hammer sends a forging head to the position above the preform paved forging part through the forging hole by the movement of the numerical control slide rail.
3. The additive manufacturing method of a titanium alloy structural member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the induction heating coil has a spiral structure.
4. The method of additive manufacturing a titanium alloy structural component according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wire feeding rollers are a set of rollers that are oppositely arranged and rotate relatively.
5. The method of additive manufacturing of a titanium alloy structural part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the guiding sleeve material is a high temperature resistant alloy or a high temperature resistant ceramic material.
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| CN113976659A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 上海工程技术大学 | Method for manufacturing metal pipe based on external field auxiliary additive |
| CN113927312A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-14 | 燕山大学 | Laser remelting rapid forming device and remelting forming method |
| US12138708B2 (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2024-11-12 | Goodrich Corporation | Methods, systems, and apparatus for component manufacturing |
| CN118768877A (en) * | 2024-09-11 | 2024-10-15 | 浙江大学湖州研究院 | Titanium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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