CN112398345B - A DC-DC converter - Google Patents
A DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112398345B CN112398345B CN201910755152.5A CN201910755152A CN112398345B CN 112398345 B CN112398345 B CN 112398345B CN 201910755152 A CN201910755152 A CN 201910755152A CN 112398345 B CN112398345 B CN 112398345B
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu] HPDFFVBPXCTEDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
一种直流‑直流变换器，包括：一个直流输入；一个直流输出；一对磁芯EE或EI磁芯，所述磁芯有一个中柱与两个边柱以及第一窗口和第二窗口，两个边柱分别有大小相同的气隙，中柱不设气隙；三个绕组；两个整流管；其特征在于：所述第一整流管、第二整流管与直流输出的正端分别位于所述磁芯的两侧；所述第一绕组绕制在所述磁芯的中柱上；所述第二绕组从直流输出的正端穿过所述第一窗口，连接到所述第一整流管的漏极；所述第三绕组从直流输出的正端穿过所述第二窗口，连接到所述第二整流管的漏极；所述第一整流管的源极与所述第二整流管的源极在所述磁芯的同侧连接在一起，并通过导体连接到直流输出的负端；一个开关切换电路，跨接在直流输入正端、负端上；输出电容，跨接在直流输出正端、负端上。本发明可以大幅度减小直流‑直流变换器低压大电流输出回路的导通性损耗，提高直流‑直流变换器的转换效率。
A DC-DC converter comprises: a DC input; a DC output; a pair of EE or EI magnetic cores, the magnetic core having a middle column and two side columns and a first window and a second window, the two side columns respectively having air gaps of the same size, and the middle column having no air gap; three windings; two rectifiers; characterized in that: the first rectifier, the second rectifier and the positive end of the DC output are respectively located on both sides of the magnetic core; the first winding is wound on the middle column of the magnetic core; the second winding passes through the first window from the positive end of the DC output and is connected to the drain of the first rectifier; the third winding passes through the second window from the positive end of the DC output and is connected to the drain of the second rectifier; the source of the first rectifier and the source of the second rectifier are connected together on the same side of the magnetic core, and are connected to the negative end of the DC output through a conductor; a switch switching circuit is connected across the positive and negative ends of the DC input; and an output capacitor is connected across the positive and negative ends of the DC output. The present invention can significantly reduce the conductivity loss of the low-voltage and high-current output loop of the DC-DC converter and improve the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to electric energy conversion, and belongs to a direct current-direct current converter in an electric energy converter.
Background
With the increasing data processing capacity, IT devices such as supercomputers or servers are also increasingly required. For IT devices such as supercomputers or servers, the power supply of the motherboard in the frame is usually 12V or higher, such as 48V, but the internal processor, the memory, etc. needs 1.8V or lower, such as 0.9V, and how to efficiently implement the voltage conversion, and providing the low-voltage high-current dc-dc converter needed by the processor, the memory, etc. is an ongoing challenge in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
A dc-dc converter comprising:
A DC input;
a DC output;
a pair of magnetic cores EE or EI magnetic cores 1, said magnetic cores 1 having a central column 11 and two side columns 12, 13, said two side columns 12, 13 having air gaps 16 and 17 of the same size, respectively, said central column being free of air gaps, a first window 14 and a second window 15 being formed between said central column and said two side columns, respectively;
Three windings, namely a first winding 21, a second winding 22 and a third winding 23;
Two rectifying tubes, namely a first rectifying tube S R1 and a second rectifying tube S R2;
The first rectifying tube S R1, the second rectifying tube S R2 and the direct current output positive end are respectively positioned at two sides of the magnetic core 1, the first winding 21 is wound on the middle column 11 of the magnetic core 1, the second winding 22 passes through the first window 14 from the direct current output positive end and is connected to the drain electrode of the first rectifying tube S R1, the third winding 23 passes through the second window 15 from the direct current output positive end and is connected to the drain electrode of the second rectifying tube S R2, and the source electrode of the first rectifying tube S R1 and the source electrode of the second rectifying tube S R2 are connected together at the same side of the magnetic core and are connected to the direct current output negative end through a conductor 4;
a switching circuit 3 connected across the positive and negative dc input terminals, the switching circuit converting an input dc supply voltage to a periodic ac voltage and applying the periodic ac voltage to the first winding;
The periodic alternating voltages on the second winding 22 and the third winding 23 are rectified by a rectifying circuit formed by the first rectifying tube S R1 and the second rectifying tube S R2 to become direct current output;
And the output capacitor Co is connected across the positive end and the negative end of the direct-current output.
Preferably, the switching circuit 3 is a half-bridge circuit, and comprises two switching tubes, namely a first switching tube S1 and a second switching tube S2, two capacitors, a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, wherein the drain electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected to a direct current input positive terminal, the source electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second switching tube S2 and is also connected to one end of the first winding 21, the source electrode of the second switching tube S2 is connected to a direct current input negative terminal, one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the direct current input positive terminal, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the second capacitor C2 and is also connected to the other end of the first winding 21, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the direct current input negative terminal.
Preferably, the switching circuit 3 is a full-bridge circuit, and comprises four switching tubes, namely a first switching tube S1, a second switching tube S2, a third switching tube S3 and a fourth switching tube S4, wherein the drain electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected to a direct current input positive end, the source electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second switching tube S2 and is connected with one end of the first winding 21, the source electrode of the second switching tube S2 is connected with a direct current input negative end, the drain electrode of the third switching tube S3 is connected with the direct current input positive end, the source electrode of the third switching tube S3 is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth switching tube S4 and is connected with the other end of the first winding 21, and the source electrode of the fourth switching tube S4 is connected with the direct current input negative end.
Preferably, the conductor 4 is connected to the sources of the first rectifier S R1 and the second rectifier S R2 and the negative dc output terminal through the lower side of the magnetic core 1.
Preferably, the conductor 4 is divided into two paths 41 and 42, and the sources of the first rectifier S R1 and the second rectifier S R2 and the negative dc output terminal are connected through the outer sides of the two legs 12 and 13 of the magnetic core 1, respectively.
Preferably, the output current flowing through conductor 4 produces a voltage drop, which is amplified by a differential amplification circuit that outputs a current signal representative of the output current, including but not limited to, those used to achieve overcurrent protection, output short-circuit protection, output current sharing, etc.
Preferably, the material of the conductor 4 is copper, and when the PCB is used as a base material, the material may be copper foil on the PCB.
Preferably, the conductor 4 material may be an alloy with a low temperature coefficient, such as constantan or manganese copper, etc.
The invention can greatly reduce the conductivity loss of the low-voltage high-current output loop of the DC-DC converter and improve the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC converter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic core and air gap of the present invention, wherein fig. 2 (a) is an EE-type magnetic core and fig. 2 (B) is an EI-type magnetic core.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the source and negative dc output terminals of the first rectifier SR1 and the second rectifier SR2 connected to the conductor 4 through the lower side of the magnetic core.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the switching circuit of the present invention as a full bridge circuit.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the voltage of the first winding 21 and a part of the current waveform between nodes in embodiment 1 shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention, referring to fig. 1:
The switching circuit is a half-bridge circuit and comprises two switching tubes, namely a first switching tube S1 and a second switching tube S2, two capacitors, namely a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2, wherein the drain electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with a direct current input positive end (vin+), the source electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second switching tube S2 and is simultaneously connected with one end (node a) of the first winding 21, the source electrode of the second switching tube S2 is connected with a direct current input negative end (Vin-), one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the direct current input positive end (vin+), the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the second capacitor C2 and is simultaneously connected with the other end (node b) of the first winding 21, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected with the direct current input negative end (Vin-).
The magnetic core 1 has a center leg 11 and two side legs 12, 13, the two side legs 12, 13 having air gaps 16 and 17, respectively, of the same size, the center leg not having an air gap, see fig. 2 (a) or fig. 2 (B). A first window 14 and a second window 15 are respectively formed between the middle column and the two side columns.
Three windings, namely a first winding 21, a second winding 22 and a third winding 23.
Two rectifiers, namely a first rectifier S R1 and a second rectifier S R2.
The first rectifying tube S R1, the second rectifying tube S R2 and the direct current output positive end (node c) are respectively positioned on two sides of the magnetic core 1, the first winding 21 is wound on the middle column 11 of the magnetic core 1, the second winding 22 passes through the first window 14 from the direct current output positive end and is connected to the drain electrode (node i) of the first rectifying tube S R1, the third winding 23 passes through the second window 15 from the direct current output positive end and is connected to the drain electrode (node j) of the second rectifying tube S R2, and the source electrode of the first rectifying tube S R1 and the source electrode of the second rectifying tube S R2 are connected together on the same side of the magnetic core. It will be readily appreciated that the second winding 22, the third winding 23 may have a common path, node k to the dc output positive (node c), when implemented on a planar transformer.
The source of the first rectifier tube S R1 (node g) and the source of the second rectifier tube S R2 (node h) are connected together on the same side of the core. The impedance between the node g and the node h is very low, and can be regarded as the same node f in practice.
Node f is connected to the negative dc output terminal (node d) via conductor 4. Conductor 4 splits into two paths 41 and 42, passing outside the two legs 12, 13 of the core 1, respectively. It is also easily understood that the actual junction of the conductors 4 (node e) may be some distance from the negative dc output terminal (node d), depending on the design of the product. The impedance between the node e and the node d is very low, and can be regarded as the same node d in practice.
The periodic ac voltages of the second winding 22 and the third winding 23 are rectified by a rectifying circuit constituted by the first rectifying tube SR1 and the second rectifying tube SR2, and are output as dc.
And the output capacitor Co is connected across the positive end and the negative end of the direct-current output.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the voltage of the first winding 21 and a portion of the current waveform between nodes in the embodiment shown in fig. 1. Vab is the voltage across the first winding 21 applied after the DC input passes through the switching circuit. It can be seen that the current Iik flowing through the second winding 22, the current Ijk flowing through the third winding 23, are very pulsed. After rectifying by the rectifying circuits of the first rectifying tube SR1 and the second rectifying tube SR2, the pulsation of the current Idf flowing through the conductor 4 (the sum of the currents flowing through the paths 41 and 42) is very small.
The PCB is used as a base material, the conductor 4 is copper foil on the PCB, and the conductor 4 is used as a current sampling resistor, so that a special current sampling resistor can be omitted, and the efficiency of the DC-DC converter is further improved.
The voltage signal Vdf on the conductor 4 is connected to a differential amplifying circuit 5 composed of devices such as IC01, resistors R01, R02 and R04, and the amplifying circuit outputs a Vcs signal representing output current, and the Vcs signal of the current is used for realizing the functions of overcurrent protection, output short-circuit protection, output current sharing and the like.
It should be noted that copper is a metal with a positive temperature coefficient, and that proper temperature compensation of the voltage signal Vdf or the current Vcs signal is required.
In addition, the conductor 4 may be made of a low temperature coefficient alloy such as constantan or manganese copper. The resistivity of the alloy material such as constantan or manganese copper changes very little with temperature.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the connection of the conductors 4 according to the invention. The conductor 4 is connected to the sources of the first rectifying tube S R1 and the second rectifying tube S R2 and the negative dc output terminal through the lower side of the magnetic core 1, and the other principles and methods are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the switching circuit of the present invention as a full bridge circuit. The full-bridge circuit is provided with four switching tubes, namely a first switching tube S1, a second switching tube S2, a third switching tube S3 and a fourth switching tube S2, wherein the drain electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the positive end of a direct current input, the source electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second switching tube S2 and is simultaneously connected with one end of the first winding 21, the source electrode of the second switching tube S2 is connected with the negative end of the direct current input, the drain electrode of the third switching tube S3 is connected with the positive end of the direct current input, the source electrode of the third switching tube S3 is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth switching tube S4 and is simultaneously connected with the other end of the first winding 21, and the source electrode of the fourth switching tube S4 is connected with the negative end of the direct current input. The remaining principle and method are the same as in example 1.
It can be seen that the path through which the output large pulsating current flows is very short, so that the conduction loss of the low-voltage large-current output loop of the DC-DC converter can be greatly reduced, the conversion efficiency of the DC-DC converter is improved, and in addition, the electromagnetic interference can be improved or reduced due to the very short path through which the large pulsating current flows.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910755152.5A CN112398345B (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | A DC-DC converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910755152.5A CN112398345B (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | A DC-DC converter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112398345A CN112398345A (en) | 2021-02-23 |
| CN112398345B true CN112398345B (en) | 2025-02-28 |
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| CN201910755152.5A Active CN112398345B (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | A DC-DC converter |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN212850274U (en) * | 2019-08-18 | 2021-03-30 | 杭州展顺科技有限公司 | DC-DC converter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1101989C (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2003-02-19 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Self-driving circuit of DC/DC converter |
| CN100388602C (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2008-05-14 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | DC-DC power convertor with low output ripple and low stresses of parts |
| CN101728968A (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2010-06-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Magnetic integration double-end converter |
| KR101769335B1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-08-18 | 월드탑텍(주) | Dc/dc converter for using multi topology |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN212850274U (en) * | 2019-08-18 | 2021-03-30 | 杭州展顺科技有限公司 | DC-DC converter |
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