CN112397712A - 一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方 - Google Patents
一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及铅酸蓄电池领域，尤其涉及一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方，包含下列成分混合而成:铅粉1000份、去离子水100‑120份、质量百分比为50％的硫酸溶液70‑100份、涤纶纤维0.8‑1.2份、软木粉0.8‑1.2份，聚苯胺4‑10份、四碱式硫酸铅8‑20份、硫酸亚锡1‑3份。本发明添加新的P电子共轭结构连接剂电极材料的新型导电剂聚苯胺，提高了硫酸电解液对极板活性物质的接触、渗透、杂化，这就相对提高了活性物质利用率，加入的软木粉提高活性物质的孔隙率，可以提高初期容量及充电接受能力和大电流放电能力；加入四碱式硫酸铅，使正极铅膏中大量生成比能量高的三碱式硫酸铅3BS及长寿命的四碱式硫酸铅4BS,提高电池利用率的同时还提高了电池寿命。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及铅酸蓄电池领域，尤其涉及一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方。
【背景技术】
铅酸蓄电池由于价格低廉，原材料易得，使用安全性高，适用于大电流以及广泛的温度环境范围等一系列优点，使得它在化学电源中占据优势，但是，铅酸蓄电池存在循环寿命短、比能量低，影响了其发展和使用。
专利号：CN107742724A公开了一种铅酸蓄电池正极铅膏，由以下成分组成：铅粉78％-84％、红丹1％-3％、短纤维0.06％-0.12 ％、石墨0.2％-0.4％、硫酸6.8％-8.2％和水7.8％-10.8％，该配方中使用石墨，容易氧化成二氧化碳气体对正极铅膏冲刷，使正极铅膏软化。
专利号：CN103413936A公开了一种铅酸蓄电池正极铅膏配方，各成分百分百为铅粉70～90％；硫酸3～15％；水5～20％；短纤维0.05～2％；过硼酸钠1～20％；聚四氟乙烯乳液0.1～10％；各组分重量百分比总和为 100％，但是过硼酸钠是强氧化剂对板栅有强烈的腐蚀性；聚四氟乙烯乳液在电池中就是聚四氟乙烯，虽然禁锢了铅膏能延长电池寿命，但是电阻会明显增加，在正极二氧化铅及电化学氧化的情况下容易碳化而失效。
专利号：CN101924210A一种铅酸蓄电池高活性物质利用率正极铅膏及制备方法，由以下成分组成：铅粉100、石墨粉0.01～1.5、硫酸钠0.01～1.0、聚酯纤维0.03～0.12、酸量7～14，正极铅膏中引入硫酸钠可以增加电池孔率，电池加酸后硫酸钠溶解入电池酸液对电池没有影响，但是，硫酸钠在正极铅膏中产生的同离子效应，影响电池转变成3BS\4BS，一般都用硫酸亚锡代替。
本发明即是针对现有技术的不足而研究提出的。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方，可以有效提高铅酸蓄电池正极活性物质的利用率，抑制其衰减。
本发明公开了一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方，包含下列成分混合而成:铅粉1000份、去离子水100-120份、质量百分比为 50％的硫酸溶液70-100份、涤纶纤维0.8-1.2份、软木粉0.8-1.2份，聚苯胺4-10份、四碱式硫酸铅8-20份、硫酸亚锡1-3份。
聚苯胺，高分子化合物的一种，具有特殊的电学、光学性质，经掺杂后可具有导电性及电化学性能。经一定处理后，可制得各种具有特殊功能的设备和材料，如可作为生物或化学传感器的尿素酶传感器、电子场发射源、较传统锂电极材料在充放电过程中具有更优异的可逆性的电极材料、选择性膜材料、防静电和电磁屏蔽材料、导电纤维、防腐材料等等。聚苯胺因其具有的原料易得、合成工艺简单、化学及环境稳定性好等特点而得到了广泛的研究和应用。聚苯胺的电活性源于分子链中的P电子共轭结构:随分子链中P电子体系的扩大，P 成键态和P*反键态分别形成价带和导带，这种非定域的P电子共轭结构经掺杂可形成P型和N型导电态。不同于其他导电高分子在氧化剂作用下产生阳离子空位的掺杂机制，聚苯胺的掺杂过程中电子数目不发生改变，而是由掺杂的质子酸分解产生H+和对阴离子(如CI-、硫酸根、磷酸根等)进入主链，与胺和亚胺基团中N原子结合形成极子和双极子离域到整个分子链的P键中，从而使聚苯胺呈现较高的导电性。这种独特的掺杂机制使得聚苯胺的掺杂和脱掺杂完全可逆，掺杂度受pH值和电位等因素的影响，并表现为外观颜色的相应变化，聚苯胺也因此具有电化学活性和电致变色特性。
软木粉:软木粉是碎软木颗粒，具有较强的洗酸能力，在浸酸后能导电，软木粉在铅膏中起到造孔的作用，增加铅膏反应表面积，同时还不影响铅膏间的结合强度；在正极中比胶体石墨更难氧化成二氧化碳。
四碱式硫酸铅(4BS):在铅膏中起到活性物质骨架的一种铅膏结晶成核剂，在电池使用过程中会转变成铅膏活性物质，其铅膏中本身的一种结构，4BS越多越利于电池寿命。
本发明与现有的技术相比有如下优点：
本发明添加新的P电子共轭结构连接剂电极材料的新型导电剂聚苯胺，它是粉末状物质,有较高的吸附性，能很好的吸附电解液，从而提高了硫酸电解液对极板活性物质的接触、渗透、杂化，这就相对提高了活性物质利用率，聚苯胺和二氧化铅混合物电导率提高了12.5倍；加入的软木粉提高活性物质的孔隙率，可以提高初期容量及充电接受能力和大电流放电能力；加入四碱式硫酸铅，使正极铅膏中大量生成比能量高的三碱式硫酸铅3BS及长寿命的四碱式硫酸铅 4BS,提高电池利用率的同时还提高了电池寿命，提高了电池的一致性，使电池组的寿命会延长25％；提高初期容量及充电接受能力10％， 100％放电深度能达到500次。
【具体实施方式】
下面对本发明的实施方式作详细说明：
本发明公开了一种铅酸蓄电池气相二氧化硅胶体的配方，包含下列成分混合而成:铅粉1000份、去离子水120份、质量百分比为50％的硫酸溶液80份、涤纶纤维1份、软木粉1份，聚苯胺8份、四碱式硫酸铅20份、硫酸亚锡2份。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，这些变化、修改、替换和变型，也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种高性能驻车用蓄电池正极铅膏配方，其特征在于，包含下列成分混合而成:铅粉1000份、去离子水100-120份、质量百分比为50％的硫酸溶液70-100份、涤纶纤维0.8-1.2份、软木粉0.8-1.2份，聚苯胺4-10份、四碱式硫酸铅8-20份、硫酸亚锡1-3份。
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