Nuclear power engine device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor engineering technology and power plant design, in particular to a nuclear power engine device.
Background
The peaceful utilization of nuclear energy can be realized by artificially controlling the speed of the chain fission reaction. A great deal of heat can be released in the fission reaction, the atomic energy generated in the fission process is converted into heat energy by the reactor, the heat energy is carried away by the coolant and is transmitted to the power device through the energy conversion device, and finally the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy to generate thrust to drive the aircraft to fly.
Conventional aircraft engines use jet fuel as the fuel, and aircraft are limited by fuel carrying capacity, typically only hundreds to thousands of kilometers. The nuclear power engine has extremely high energy density, a reactor with hundreds of megawatts of power only needs a space of a few cubic meters, and the demonstration shows that the parameters of the nuclear power engine, such as weight, volume and the like, can meet the bearing requirements of the aircraft, so that the nuclear power engine can be well adapted to the aircraft. And the nuclear fuel has long service life, and can maintain the output power for several months or even years through reasonable design, which endows the reactor with long-time and great energy output capability, so that the aircraft using the nuclear power engine can realize extremely long voyage.
At present, for nuclear power engine devices adapted to ground and ship gas turbines, aviation turbofan engines, turbojet engines, turboprop engines and turboshaft engines, two schemes of direct circulation and indirect circulation are available through experimental verification. The direct-circulation nuclear power engine has the characteristics of direct principle, simple circulation and convenience in installation. However, direct cycle engines inject radioactive material directly into the atmosphere, causing severe radioactive contamination in the flight zone. The indirect cycle engine separates the reactor system from the propulsion system, overcoming the problem of radioactive contamination, but in order to pressurize the primary coolant, the primary side generally requires a separate compressor. This design results in a reactor system that is relatively heavy overall and the arrangement of the nuclear power engine installation in the aircraft cabin cannot be made compact. In addition, the increase of the pipelines means that the leakage probability is increased and the possibility of the occurrence of a breach accident is increased, once the pipelines connected with the main pump are damaged, the operation of the nuclear power system is seriously influenced, even a serious accident of power loss is caused, and the serious accident can cause the great potential safety hazard of the whole power device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides an integrated nuclear power engine device which is efficient, indirect-circulating, safe, reliable, efficient and compact, and can overcome the problems that the conventional power device has limited endurance mileage, a direct-circulating nuclear power engine causes radioactive pollution, and an indirect-circulating scheme has large weight and volume and insufficient compactness.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a nuclear power engine device comprises a fixed base, a reactor system, a heat exchanger, an integrated engine and a connecting pipeline, wherein the reactor system, the heat exchanger, the integrated engine and the connecting pipeline are installed on the fixed base; the reactor system comprises a reactor, a heat exchanger primary side heat exchange chamber and a connecting pipeline, wherein the reactor comprises a pressure vessel, a reactor core surrounding cylinder, a control rod driving mechanism, a reflecting layer, an in-reactor instrument and an instrument support, and the reactor core comprises a fuel rod, a fuel limiting device, a control rod and a supporting structure; the integrated engine comprises an air inlet, a compressor, a heat exchanger secondary side heat exchange chamber, a turbine and an air outlet;
the heat exchanger consists of two parts which are isolated from each other, a primary side heat exchange chamber of the heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of a reactor system and an inlet of the integrated engine through a pipeline, and a secondary side heat exchange chamber of the heat exchanger is connected with an air outlet of a compressor of the integrated engine and a turbine;
the coolant in the primary loop of the reactor is pressurized and accelerated by a compressor of an integrated engine, the outlet of a heat exchange chamber at the primary side of the heat exchanger is connected with the coolant inlet at the front section of the compressor, and the coolant outlet at the front end of the compressor is connected with the inlet of a reactor pressure vessel;
the compressor is composed of two parts which are mutually isolated, the front end is a primary loop coolant compression section, the number of stages is small, the rear end is an air compression section, the number of stages is large, the front end primary loop coolant compression section compresses coolant, and the rear end air compression section compresses air.
The invention also includes such features:
a printed circuit board type heat exchange tube or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is arranged in the heat exchanger;
reactor coolant flows in the primary side heat exchange chamber part of the heat exchanger, air for pushing an engine to do work flows in the secondary side heat exchange chamber part of the heat exchanger, and the air are isolated from each other;
the front end of the compressor is connected with the front end of the compressor through a primary loop coolant compression section blade and a rear end air compression section blade in a coaxial or non-coaxial mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the containment of radioactive substances through the two loops of the reactor which are isolated from each other, thereby avoiding the radioactive substances from being sprayed into the air in a large scale; the design of the high-energy density reactor core achieves higher reactor parameters, and high-efficiency power output and high-energy conversion efficiency are ensured; the simultaneous compression of the primary loop coolant and the secondary side air is realized through the integrated engine design, and the compression positions are mutually isolated, so that the containment of radioactive substances is ensured; the reactor system volume is reduced in the integrated design, a primary loop compressor is omitted, the nuclear power engine system is compact integrally, the nuclear power engine and the aircraft can be matched well, and the system is simpler and more convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a nuclear powered engine system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a nuclear power engine device, which is characterized in that: the reactor comprises a fixed base, and a reactor system, a heat exchanger, an integrated engine and a connecting pipeline which are arranged on the fixed base.
The reactor system comprises a reactor, a heat exchanger primary side and a connecting pipeline, wherein the reactor comprises a reactor pressure vessel, a reactor core surrounding cylinder, a control rod driving mechanism, a reflecting layer, an in-reactor instrument, an instrument support and other structures, and the reactor core comprises fuel rods, a fuel limiting device, control rods, a supporting structure and the like; the engine comprises an air inlet, a compressor, a heat exchange chamber on the secondary side of the heat exchanger, a turbine and an air outlet.
The heat exchanger is composed of two parts which are isolated from each other, the primary side of the heat exchanger is connected with the outlet of the reactor system and the inlet of the integrated engine through a pipeline, and the secondary side of the heat exchanger is connected with the air outlet of the compressor of the integrated engine and the turbine.
A compressor is not arranged on the primary side of the compact nuclear power engine independently, the coolant in a reactor primary loop is pressurized and accelerated by the compressor of the integrated engine, the outlet of the primary side of the heat exchanger is connected with the coolant inlet at the front section of the compressor, and the coolant outlet at the front end of the compressor is connected with the inlet of a reactor pressure container.
The compressor is composed of two parts which are mutually isolated, the front end is a primary loop coolant compression section with fewer stages, and the rear end is an air compression section with more stages. The front end compresses the coolant and the rear end compresses the air.
The present invention may further comprise:
1. built-in printed circuit board type heat exchange tube or shell-and-tube heat exchanger in heat exchanger
2. The reactor coolant flows in the primary side part of the heat exchanger, and the air for pushing the engine to do work flows in the secondary side part of the heat exchanger, and the primary side part and the secondary side part are isolated from each other.
3. The coolant of the primary circuit and the air of the secondary side which are mutually isolated are simultaneously compressed by the same compressor.
4. The front end of the compressor is connected with the front end of the compressor through a primary circuit coolant compression section blade and a rear end air compression section blade in a coaxial or non-coaxial mode.
The invention provides a compact high-efficiency indirect circulation nuclear power engine device which comprises a reactor system, a heat exchanger, an integrated engine and a connecting pipeline. The reactor system comprises a reactor, a heat exchanger primary side and a connecting pipeline, wherein the reactor comprises a pressure vessel 7, a reflecting layer, a reactor core surrounding cylinder 10, fuel rods 9, a fuel limiting device 11, a control rod driving mechanism 6, in-reactor instruments, an instrument supporting structure and other in-reactor components, a reactor inlet cold pipe section connecting pipe 8 and a reactor outlet heat pipe section connecting pipe 5. The reactor pressure vessel 7 is connected with an engine compressor through an inlet cold pipe section connecting pipe 8 and is connected with the heat exchanger primary side heat exchange chamber 3 through a reactor outlet hot pipe section connecting pipe 5. The reflecting layer is located in the core active area outside the pressure vessel 7 and reflects neutrons escaping from the core. The control rods and the control rod driving mechanism 6 are positioned at the end part of the reactor pressure vessel 7, and the driving mechanism drives the control rods to move through electric power during normal operation. The fuel rods 9 are located inside the pressure vessel and their position is fixed by a core shroud 10 and a stop device 11. When the H power engine operates normally, the compressed coolant flows into the reactor core through the reactor inlet cold pipe section connecting pipe 8, flows out of the reactor core after being heated by the fuel element, and enters the primary side of the energy conversion system. The energy conversion system includes a primary side passage and a secondary side air passage, the air and the coolant being isolated from each other and flowing in opposite directions. An outlet connecting pipe 2 of a primary side heat exchange chamber of the heat exchanger is connected to a primary loop coolant compression section at the front end of the compressor, the heat-exchanged coolant is compressed in the primary loop coolant compression section, and then the compressed coolant flows into the reactor through a reactor inlet connecting pipe to complete primary loop circulation. The engine comprises a compressor 1, a heat exchange chamber 12 at the secondary side of a heat exchanger and a turbine 4. The compressor sucks air, the air is compressed by the rear-end air compression section 13, high-pressure air flows into the secondary side heat exchange chamber of the heat exchanger to exchange heat with a primary coolant, the high-pressure air flows into the turbine to do work after being heated to a certain temperature, the high-pressure air expands to generate thrust, and the thrust is sprayed out through the exhaust port to push the aircraft to move forward.
The compact nuclear power engine omits a primary circuit compressor, and completes double simultaneous compression of air and coolant only through the compressor of the engine, thereby greatly reducing the size of a primary circuit, reducing the weight of the system and facilitating the arrangement in an aircraft cabin.