CN112388261A - Stainless steel thin-wall plate part machining structure and clamping process thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A stainless steel thin-wall plate part machining structure comprises a base plate and a workpiece, wherein a plurality of positioning pins are fixedly arranged at the upper end of the base plate, a plurality of eccentric screws are rotatably arranged on the upper end of the base plate, an inner cavity is formed in the workpiece, and a plurality of pressing plates are arranged in the inner cavity; the clamping process for machining stainless steel thin-wall plate parts comprises the following steps: blanking; milling four side surfaces of the workpiece; milling the upper surface and the reference bottom surface of the workpiece; drilling a hole on the workpiece and milling a sinking part and a cavity; polishing, tapping and deburring the surface of the workpiece; measuring and checking parts; the invention has the advantages of ingenious structure and novel conception, adopts two fixing modes of the eccentric screw and the pressing plate to process the side surface, the upper end and the lower end surface of the workpiece, has high processing efficiency, can effectively ensure the flatness of the reference processing surface of the thin-wall plate part and the parallelism of the tolerance of the model position, reduces the stress rebound deformation of the workpiece caused by clamping, and is convenient, stable and reliable to clamp.

Description

A processing structure of stainless steel thin-walled plate parts and its clamping process

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of processing parts of stainless steel thin-walled plates, in particular to a processing structure of stainless steel thin-walled plate-like parts and a clamping process thereof.

Background technique

Stainless steel thin-walled heat-resistant stainless steel parts are widely used in aerospace and other fields because of their high strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Such parts are large in size and thin in wall, and are prone to deformation during processing, and it is not easy to ensure the size and shape tolerances of the parts.

As shown in Figure 1, the specific processing plan of the stainless steel thin-walled plate parts is: blanking-planing (the planer processes workpiece 2 to maintain the thickness on the upper and lower sides)-drilling, countersinking-milling shape, subsidence and cavity (positioning by holes) Tighten with machined countersunk head screws) - metrological inspection.

The planer is a linear motion machine tool that uses a planer to plan the plane, groove or forming surface of the workpiece 2. When machining the upper surface and the base bottom surface of workpiece 2, the tool is relatively simple, but the productivity is low. The principle of planing is that the main motion is reciprocating linear motion, and it is affected by inertial force when it is reversed. In addition, there is impact when the tool cuts in and out. , limiting the increase in cutting speed. The length of the cutting edge that the single-edged planer actually participates in cutting is limited, and a surface is often processed through multiple strokes. When the planer returns to the stroke, no cutting is performed, and the processing is discontinuous, which increases the auxiliary time. So the processing time is longer. The planer has small deformation due to small cutting force and less cutting heat. It is also a processing method for processing thin-walled stainless steel parts. However, considering labor costs and processing costs, the use of advanced CNC machine tools combined with reasonable clamping and fixture solutions to replace planer processing has been It is inevitable.

Therefore, a processing structure of stainless steel thin-walled plate parts and its clamping process are needed to solve this problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing structure and a clamping process for stainless steel thin-walled plate parts, which effectively solve the above problems.

The technical solution is that a stainless steel thin-walled plate type parts processing structure includes a base plate and a workpiece, and the upper end of the base plate is fixedly installed with a plurality of positioning pins arranged in an L shape and rotated and installed with a plurality of L-shaped arranged pins. Eccentric screw, a rectangular discharge cavity is formed between the positioning pin and the eccentric screw, the workpiece is installed in the discharge cavity, the workpiece is provided with an inner cavity, and a plurality of pressure plates are arranged in the inner cavity, and the pressure plates are installed on the base plate through the installation base , the lower end of the pressing plate is pressed against the upper end of the workpiece.

To achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, the clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts of the present invention includes the following steps:

1) cutting;

2) Milling the four sides of the workpiece;

3) Milling the upper and datum bottom surfaces of the workpiece;

4) Drill holes on the workpiece and mill out the sag and cavity;

5) Polishing, tapping and deburring the surface of the workpiece;

6) Measure and inspect parts.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention has ingenious structure and novel conception, adopts two fixing methods of eccentric screw and pressing plate for processing the side face, upper end and lower end face of the workpiece, has high processing efficiency, and can effectively ensure the benchmark processing of thin-walled plate parts The flatness of the surface, as well as the parallelism of the shape and position tolerance, reduce the stress rebound deformation of the workpiece caused by the clamping, and the clamping is convenient, stable and reliable.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece to be machined according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the workpiece clamping method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the eccentric screw of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example:

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a processing structure of stainless steel thin-walled plate parts includes a base plate 1 and a workpiece 2. The upper end of the base plate 1 is fixedly installed with a plurality of positioning pins 3 arranged in an L-shape, and there are many rotating installations. There are eccentric screws 4 arranged in an L shape, a rectangular discharge cavity is formed between the positioning pin 3 and the eccentric screw 4, the workpiece 2 is installed in the discharge cavity, and then the eccentric screw 4 is rotated, so that one end of the eccentric screw 4 is matched and positioned The pin 3 compresses the workpiece 2, thereby fixing the position of the workpiece 2 in the horizontal direction. The workpiece 2 is provided with an inner cavity 5, and a plurality of pressure plates 6 are arranged in the inner cavity 5. The pressure plates 6 are installed on the base plate 1 through the base 7, The pressure plate 6 is installed on the base 7 by bolts, and the lower end of the pressure plate 6 is pressed against the upper end of the workpiece 2, so that the pressure plate 6 cooperates with the base plate 1 to fix the vertical position of the workpiece 2, and the vertical direction of the workpiece 2 is controlled by the pressure plate 6 from the central position. The position can facilitate the processing of the workpiece 2.

The left and right ends of the workpiece 2 are provided with guide rails 8 , and the vertical position of the workpiece 2 is controlled by the pressing plate 6 from the central position, which can also facilitate the processing of the guide rails 8 .

The number of the positioning pins 3 is four, the front end of the base plate 1 is provided with two positioning pins 3 , and the left end of the base plate 1 is provided with two positioning pins 3 .

The eccentric screws 4 are two eccentric screws 4 provided at the rear end of the five base plates 1 , and three eccentric screws 4 are provided at the right end of the base plate 1 .

The eccentric screw 4 includes a screw cylinder 9, the screw cylinder 9 has threads, the screw cylinder 9 is detachably installed on the base plate 1 through the threaded rotation, and the upper end of the screw cylinder 9 is also provided with an inner hexagonal countersunk head hole 10, which can be used. The workpiece 2 can be quickly loaded and unloaded by using a standard hexagonal wrench with a hexagonal countersunk hole.

To achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, the clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) cutting;

2) Milling the four sides of workpiece 2;

3) Milling the top surface and base bottom surface of workpiece 2;

4) Drill holes on workpiece 2 and mill out the sag and cavity;

5) Polish, tap and deburr the surface of workpiece 2;

6) Measure and inspect parts.

The outer shape of the workpiece 2 and the size of the workpiece 2 and the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity 5 are within 2~5mm.

In the 2) step, as shown in Figure 2, the pressing plate 6 installed on the base plate 1 through the eccentric screw 4 and the base 7 is used to lock the four parts of the inner cavity 5 of the workpiece 2, due to the plasticity and toughness of the stainless steel processing. Good, high temperature, high strength, serious work hardening, so when the cutting temperature is high, it is easy to stick to the tool and generate built-up edge, the chip breaking is difficult (the cutting is not easy to curl and break), the tool is easy to wear, and the linear expansion coefficient is large, so the milling process The tool selects Ø20R0.8 square shoulder milling (special alloy coated blade for stainless steel) as the rough milling cutter, leaving 0.25-0.3mm finishing allowance. The rough milling cutter processes the workpiece 2 parameters are: a depth of cut 0.2-0.35mm, and a pass The feed is 4000mm/min, and the spindle speed is 2000-2500r/min. The shape of the milling tool is an alloy-coated milling cutter of Ø12 as the finishing cutter. The parameters of the finish milling cutter for machining stainless steel are: a depth of cut of 16mm, and a pass feed of 16mm. For 400mm/min, the spindle speed is 2000-2200r/min;

The bottom surface is the dimensional reference plane. In particular, the cutting and clamping methods of 304 stainless steel thin-walled plate parts commonly used in processing can easily cause deformation of the workpiece 2 and affect the processing dimensional tolerance. Therefore, a reasonable processing technology plan, clamping method and tool cutting parameters should be designed. Considering the machining efficiency and cutting deformation, milling is used instead of planing for machining the top surface and the base bottom surface (planing can ensure the flatness of the machined surface, but the mass production efficiency is low). In the third step, the clamping method As shown in Figure 2, four positioning pins 3 are used to limit the degrees of freedom of the two vertical sides of the workpiece 2, and five eccentric screws 4 can limit the degrees of freedom of the other two sides of the workpiece 2. At this time, the four free The eccentric screw 4 is adjusted by twisting with 5 eccentric screws 4. At this time, the cylinder of the eccentric screw 4 is in contact with the side of the workpiece 2, and the side squeezes the workpiece 2 (provided that the side of the workpiece 2 is designed and screwed on the base plate 1 The clearance distance on the side of the eccentric screw 4 is controlled within the adjustable range of the eccentric screw 4).

In the 3rd) step, the milling tool selects a rough milling cutter and a fine milling cutter with a shape of Ø40R0.8 square shoulder milling (special alloy coating insert for stainless steel), and the milling direction is 0.2- 0.2- 0.3mm. During the milling process, the workpiece 2 rotates with the tool and the main force-bearing surfaces are on the X and Y planes. At this time, the bottom surface of the workpiece 2 is in free contact with the base plate 1. This clamping method can eliminate clamping deformation. If the pressing plate 6 is used for clamping, the flatness of the upper and lower parts of the blank is not very good, especially the thin-walled workpiece 2 has cutting and bending deformation during the blank flame cutting and blanking process. The clamping of the pressing plate 6 is due to downward force. , There is stress rebound before and after the clamping plate 6, so the flatness and parallelism of the machined surface cannot guarantee the dimensional tolerance and type tolerance of the drawing, and it is not easy to use a large knife for milling, and the large knife cutting temperature is high, which is easy to cause deformation of high-temperature parts;

In the step 4), first process all the holes, countersunk holes and threads of the workpiece 2, and then use the eccentric screw 4 or the pressing plate 6 to press the workpiece 2 to mill the sag and cavity, and the upper surface and the base bottom surface have been smoothed. , The consistency of the processing size is better, and the sharp tool is used for fast feed and Z-direction to avoid cutting deformation;

In the fifth) step, three coordinates are used to check whether the machining size of the workpiece 2 meets the actual size tolerance requirements.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention has ingenious structure and novel conception, adopts two fixing methods of eccentric screw and pressing plate for processing the side face, upper end and lower end face of the workpiece, has high processing efficiency, and can effectively ensure the benchmark processing of thin-walled plate parts The flatness of the surface, as well as the parallelism of the form position tolerance, reduce the stress rebound deformation of the workpiece caused by the clamping, and the clamping is convenient, stable and reliable.

The above specific embodiments/embodiments are specific embodiments of the present invention, are used to illustrate the concept of the present invention, are illustrative and exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention and the scope of the present invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art can also adopt other obvious technical solutions based on the contents disclosed in the claims and the description of the present application, and these technical solutions include any obvious technical solutions to the embodiments described herein. The technical solutions of replacement and modification are all within the protection scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A processing structure for stainless steel thin-walled plate parts, comprising a base plate (1) and a workpiece (2), characterized in that the upper end of the base plate (1) is fixedly installed with a plurality of locating pins (3) arranged in an L-shape ) and a plurality of eccentric screws (4) arranged in an L-shape are rotated and installed, a rectangular discharge cavity is formed between the positioning pin (3) and the eccentric screw (4), the workpiece (2) is installed in the discharge cavity, and the workpiece (2) There is an inner cavity (5), and a plurality of pressure plates (6) are arranged in the inner cavity (5). The pressure plates (6) are installed on the base plate (1) through the base (7). The lower end is pressed against the upper end of the workpiece (2). 2 . The processing structure for stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim ( 1 ), characterized in that guide rails ( 8 ) are provided on both the left and right ends of the workpiece ( 2 ). 3. The processing structure for stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (1), wherein the eccentric screw (4) comprises a screw cylinder (9), and the screw cylinder (9) is provided with threads, The screw cylinder (9) is detachably mounted on the base plate (1) by screwing, and the upper end of the screw cylinder (9) is further provided with an inner hexagonal countersunk hole (10). 4. a clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 1) cutting; 2) Milling the four sides of the workpiece (2); 3) Milling the upper surface and the base bottom surface of the workpiece (2); 4) Drill holes on the workpiece (2) and mill out the sag and cavity; 5) Polishing, tapping and deburring the surface of the workpiece (2); 6) Measure and inspect parts. 5. A clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (4), characterized in that the workpiece (2) and the workpiece (2) have the outline and inner cavity (5) of the drawing size. ) The dimensional tolerance is within 2~5mm. 6. A clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (4), characterized in that, in the second) step, eccentric screws (4) and the base (7) are used to install The pressing plate (6) on the base plate (1) locks the four parts of the workpiece (2) the inner cavity (5), and the milling tool selects Ø20R0.8 square shoulder milling as the rough milling cutter, leaving 0.25-0.3mm for finishing. (2) The parameters of the rough milling cutter are: 0.2-0.35mm depth of cut, 4000mm/min feed feed, 2000-2500r/min spindle speed, and the outer shape of the milling tool is an alloy coating of Ø12 The milling cutter is a fine milling cutter. The parameters of the fine milling cutter for processing stainless steel are: a depth of cut of 16mm, a feed of 400mm/min, and a spindle speed of 2000-2200r/min. 7. A clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (4), characterized in that, in the third) step, four positioning pins (3) are used to restrict the workpiece (2) The degrees of freedom of the two vertical sides, (5) eccentric screws (4) can limit the degrees of freedom of the other two sides of the workpiece (2), use (5) eccentric screws (4) to twist and adjust the eccentric screws (4), Bring the cylinder of the eccentric screw (4) into contact with the side of the workpiece (2). 8. A clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (4), characterized in that, in the third) step, the milling tool is selected with a shape of Ø40R0.8 square shoulder milling. One rough milling cutter and one fine milling cutter, the milling direction is 0.2-0.3mm under the Z axis of the tool. 9. A clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (4), characterized in that, in the fourth) step, all the holes and countersunk holes of the workpiece (2) are processed first and thread, and then use eccentric screw (4) or pressure plate (6) to press workpiece (2) to mill sag and cavity, and use sharp tool for rapid feed and Z-direction to avoid cutting deformation. 10. A clamping process for processing stainless steel thin-walled plate parts according to claim (4), characterized in that, in the fifth) step, three coordinates are used to check whether the processing size of the workpiece (2) conforms to the actual Dimensional tolerance requirements.

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