Self-fan cold axial flux motor with external centrifugal fan
Technical Field
The invention relates to an integrated starting/engine applied to the fields of emergency power generation and new energy automobiles, in particular to a self-fan-cooling axial flux motor integrated with an external centrifugal fan.
Background
The integrated starting/starting motor in the fields of emergency power generation and new energy automobiles is mostly an alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor, a direct current motor or an alternating current asynchronous motor with radial magnetic flux, and because the axial installation size of the traditional radial magnetic flux motor is large, the power density and the efficiency are low, the application of the integrated starting/starting motor in the fields of emergency power generation, which have strict space requirements, portability and high power density requirements, is limited.
The conventional low-power axial flux motor generally adopts fins on a base or end covers on two sides for heat dissipation, and under the working conditions of large assembly error, large load or high rotating speed of a stator core and the end covers, a large amount of heat generated by the motor is only exchanged by the base fins or the end cover fins, so that the heat can not be dissipated and taken away in time, and great challenges are brought to the insulation and temperature rise of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a self-fan cold axial flux motor with an external centrifugal fan. The centrifugal fan is positioned on one side of the end cover of the non-driving end and is responsible for exhausting air. The air path mainly comprises two branch paths, wherein one branch path of the air path enters air from a radial fin groove formed by the drive end cover and the cover plate and flows out from a blade of the centrifugal fan or a radial fin groove of the non-drive end cover through a kidney-shaped hole of the end cover and a ventilation hole of the rotor back iron; and the other air path branch enters air from the air vent of the shell, and flows out from blades of the centrifugal fan or radial fin grooves of the end cover of the non-driving end through air gap air between the stator core at the driving end and the rotor magnetic steel and air gap air between the stator core at the non-driving end and the rotor magnetic steel. By adopting the axial flux motor with the external centrifugal fan heat dissipation scheme, the convection heat transfer coefficients of the end surface of the stator core, the end surface of the magnetic steel, the surface of the radial fin of the end cover and the inner circumferential surface of the waist-shaped hole of the end cover are improved by the two air path branches, and the heat generated by the motor is quickly dissipated into the outside air, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved. The power density and the torque density are obviously improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a self-fan cold axial flux motor with an external centrifugal fan adopts a double-stator/single-rotor framework, in order to reduce the space harmonic of a stator winding and the eddy current loss of magnetic steel, the winding adopts a distributed winding, a pole slot is matched with and selected from a design of 18 slots with 6 poles or 24 slots with 8 poles, and the magnetic steel of the rotor is radially segmented and is designed with oblique poles in the circumferential direction; the cooling scheme adopts an external centrifugal fan heat dissipation scheme, and the blades of the centrifugal fan are designed into straight blades or backward bent blades; the motor comprises a non-driving end stator, a rotor, an outlet box and a rotary transformer;
the centrifugal fan is positioned on one side of the end cover of the non-driving end and is responsible for exhausting air; the air path mainly comprises two branch paths, wherein one branch path of the air path enters air from a radial fin groove formed by the drive end cover and the cover plate and flows out from a blade of the centrifugal fan or a radial fin groove of the non-drive end cover through a kidney-shaped hole of the end cover and a ventilation hole of the rotor back iron; and the other air path branch enters air from the air vent of the shell, and flows out from blades of the centrifugal fan or radial fin grooves of the end cover of the non-driving end through air gap air between the stator core at the driving end and the rotor magnetic steel and air gap air between the stator core at the non-driving end and the rotor magnetic steel.
Furthermore, the magnetic circuit penetrates through the non-drive-end stator, the rotor and the drive-end stator, and the magnetic steel magnetizing schemes at the same positions on two sides of the rotor back iron are configured according to N-S-N-S.
Further, the non-driving-end stator and the driving-end stator comprise stator cores, and the stator cores are formed by winding silicon steel sheets with high magnetic permeability and low loss. The stator core is sleeved with a stator winding, and the distributed winding design is adopted.
Further, the relative motion of the non-driving end stator and the rotor is realized through a pair of bearings, the bearings are positioned on two sides of the middle rotor, and the bearings can be selected as angular contact bearings or deep groove ball bearings.
Furthermore, the driving end cover and the non-driving end cover are identical in structure, radial spoke-shaped fins distributed along the circumference are designed on the end face, ventilation grooves are formed in adjacent fins, rib plates are arranged in the inner circle of the driving end cover, and kidney-shaped holes are designed between the adjacent rib plates. The driving end cover and the cover plate are assembled to form a radial ventilation channel.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the self-fan-cooling axial flux motor with the external centrifugal fan adopts a double-stator/single-rotor framework, in order to reduce the space harmonic of a stator winding and the eddy current loss of magnetic steel, the winding adopts a distributed winding, and the magnetic steel of the rotor is radially segmented; the cooling scheme adopts an external centrifugal fan heat radiation scheme. The motor comprises a non-drive end stator 1, a drive end stator 2, a rotor 3, an outlet box 4 and a rotary transformer 5.
The magnetic circuit of the self-cooling axial flux motor with the external centrifugal fan penetrates through the non-driving end stator 1, the rotor 3 and the driving end stator 2.
The non-driving end stator 1 and the driving end stator 2 comprise a stator core 17, and the stator core 17 is formed by winding silicon steel sheets with high magnetic conductivity and low loss. The stator winding 15 is sleeved on the stator iron core 17, and the distributed winding design is adopted.
A part of heat generated by the stator core 17 and the in-slot windings of the stator winding 15 is conducted and radiated to fins of the end cover 18; under the action of air suction and air exhaust of the external centrifugal fan 8, the stator core 17 and the inner and outer end windings of the stator winding 15 dissipate heat through surface convection, and the heat is diffused to the surrounding environment.
The relative movement of the non-driving end stator 1 and the driving end stator 2 and the rotor 3 is realized by a pair of bearings, namely a first bearing 23 and a second bearing 25, and the first bearing 23 and the second bearing 25 can be selected as angular contact bearings or deep groove ball bearings.
The outlet box assembly 3 is fixed to the housing 9 by a fourth screw 14.
The first magnetic steel 27 and the second magnetic steel 29 in the rotor 3 adopt a radial segmented and circumferential oblique pole design in order to reduce eddy current loss and tooth harmonic.
The rotor of the rotary transformer 5 is fixed on the motor spindle 24 through screws, and the stator of the rotary transformer 5 is fixed on the fan baffle 7 through screws 10, so that accurate rotor position signal detection is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the aspect of reducing loss, the stator winding adopts the design of 18-slot 6-pole or 24-slot 8-pole distributed winding, and space harmonic of the stator winding is reduced compared with fractional slot concentrated winding; the rotor magnetic steel adopts the design of radial segmentation and circumferential oblique poles, and the surface is coated with epoxy resin, so that the harmonic waves of the teeth of the stator core are weakened, and the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel is reduced.
From the aspect of improving heat-sinking capability, the design of an external centrifugal fan is adopted, the external centrifugal fan mainly realizes air suction from the radial ventilation holes of the end cover at the driving end and the ventilation holes on the circumference of the shell, and finally air is discharged through the centrifugal fan after passing through the ventilation holes of the rotor core, the air gap air layers at two sides of the rotor and the radial ventilation grooves of the end cover at the non-driving end. Under the action of air suction/exhaust of the centrifugal fan, external air rapidly flows in multiple branches on the inner surface of the motor, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the motor is improved, and the motor is cooled. The motor adopting the topology and the cooling scheme can bear larger load, has more compact structure and improves the power density and the torque density of the motor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the general structure of an axial flux motor of the present invention, where 1 is a non-drive-end stator, 2 is a drive-end stator, 3 is a rotor, 4 is an outlet box, 5 is a rotary transformer, 8 is a centrifugal fan, 8a is a blade, 9 is a housing, 9a is a first vent hole, 18 is a drive-end cover, 18a is a first radial ventilation slot, 18c is a first kidney-shaped hole, 35 is a non-drive-end cover, 35a is a second radial ventilation slot, and 35c is a second kidney-shaped hole.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the axial-flux motor of the present invention, in which 1 is a non-driving-end stator, 2 is a driving-end stator, 3 is a rotor, 4 is an outlet box, 5 is a rotary transformer, 6 is a rotary flange, 7 is a fan baffle, 8 is a centrifugal fan, 9 is a housing, 9a is a first ventilation hole, 10 is a first screw, 11 is a second screw, 12 is a sleeve, 13 is a third screw, and 14 is a fourth screw.
Fig. 3 is an axial side view of an axial-flux electric machine of the present invention, where 8 is a centrifugal fan, 8a is a blade, 8b is an air field, 9 is a housing, 9a is a first vent hole, 18 is a drive-end cap, 18a is a first radial vent slot, 35 is a non-drive-end cap, and 35a is a second radial vent slot.
Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a stator assembly structure of the axial flux motor of the present invention, where 15 is a stator winding, 16 is a rib, 17 is a stator core, 17a is a rectangular groove, 18 is a driving end cover, 18a is a first radial ventilation slot, 18b is a first fin, 18c is a first kidney-shaped hole, 18d is a rib, 19 is a driving end cover plate, 20 is a fifth screw, and 21 is a sixth screw.
Fig. 5 is a structural view of an end cover of the axial flux motor of the present invention, where 18 is a driving end cover, 18a is a radial ventilation slot, 18b is a first fin, 18c is a first kidney-shaped hole, 18d is a first rib plate, 35 is a non-driving end cover, 35a is a second radial ventilation slot, 35b is a second fin, 35c is a second kidney-shaped hole, and 35d is a second rib plate.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of a rotor assembly structure of an axial flux motor according to the present invention, where 8 is a centrifugal fan, 8a is a blade, 8b is an air space, 22 is a flange, 23 is a first bearing, 24 is a motor spindle, 25 is a second bearing, 26 is a first pressure plate, 27 is a first magnetic steel, 28 is a rotor back iron, 28a is a second vent hole, 29 is a second magnetic steel, 30 is a second pressure plate, 31 is a seventh screw, 32 is a shaft retainer, 33 is an eighth screw, and 34 is a ninth screw.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The magnetic circuit of the self-cooling axial flux motor with the external centrifugal fan penetrates through the non-driving end stator 1, the driving end stator 2 and the rotor 3. The wind path adopts an external centrifugal fan heat radiation scheme. The external centrifugal fan 8 mainly realizes one air path branch, and air enters from the first radial ventilation groove 18a on the driving end cover 18, flows through the first waist-shaped hole 18c of the driving end cover 18 and the second ventilation hole 28a of the rotor back iron 28, and enters the waist-shaped hole 35c of the non-driving end cover 35; the other branch is induced from the first ventilation hole 9a on the circumferential surface of the housing 9, flows through the air gap air layers of the two side end surfaces of the rotor 3 and the second ventilation hole 28a of the rotor back iron 28, enters the second kidney-shaped hole 35c of the non-driving end cover 35, and finally flows out to the external environment through the air area 8b between the second radial ventilation groove 35a of the non-driving end cover 35 and the blade 8a of the centrifugal fan 8. Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the entire air passage 2D. The air inlet/outlet 3D mark is shown in figure 2.
The self-cooling axial flux motor with the external centrifugal fan adopts a double-stator/single-rotor structure. The rotor 3 is positioned between the two non-driving-end stators 1 and the driving-end stator 2, and the non-driving-end stator 1, the driving-end stator 2 and the machine shell 9 are respectively fixed through a third screw 13 and a fourth screw 14. The circumferential surface of the housing 9 is formed with a first ventilation hole 9 a. The centrifugal fan 8 is positioned at the outer side of the non-drive end stator 1 and is coaxially connected with the rotor 3, the centrifugal fan 8 is designed into a volute-free centrifugal fan, and the blades 8a of the centrifugal fan are designed into straight blades or backward bent blades. Outlet box 4 is secured to housing 9 by fourth screw 14. The stator of the rotary transformer 5 is fixed on the fan baffle 7 through the first screw 10 and the rotary flange 6, and the rotor is fixed on the motor spindle 24 through the screws, so that accurate rotor position signal detection is realized. The fan baffle 7 is fixed with the non-drive end cover 35 through the second screw 11 and the sleeve 12, and the structure diagram of the whole motor is shown in fig. 3.
The driving-end stator 2 has the same structure as the non-driving-end stator 1, and the driving-end stator 2 is taken as an example and comprises a stator core 17, wherein the stator core 17 is formed by winding a silicon steel sheet with high magnetic conductivity and low loss. The stator slots of the stator core 17 are designed with rectangular grooves 17a, and the stator core 17 is fixed to the drive end cap 18 using fifth screws 20 and webs 16. The end face of the drive end cover 18 on one side is designed with a drive end cover plate 19 in order to plan the flow of the wind path only in the direction of the radial grooves. The stator core 17 is wound with stator windings 15, and adopts an 18-slot 6-pole or 24-slot 8-pole distributed winding design. The explosion diagram of the drive-end stator 2 is shown in fig. 4.
The driving end cover 18 is the same as the non-driving end cover 35, first fins 18b distributed along the circumference are designed on the end face, first radial ventilation grooves 18a are formed by adjacent fins, first rib plates 18d are arranged at the inner circle position of the driving end cover 18, and first kidney-shaped holes 18c are designed between the adjacent rib plates, as shown in fig. 5.
The rotor 3 comprises a rotor back iron 28, a first magnetic steel 27, a second magnetic steel 29 and a centrifugal fan 8. The first magnetic steel 27 and the second magnetic steel 29 are respectively located on two sides of the rotor back iron 28, and are fixed to the rotor back iron 28 by using the first pressure plate 26, the second pressure plate 30, the eighth screw 33 and the ninth screw 34. The rotor back iron 28 is designed with a second vent hole 28a, transmits torque with the motor main shaft 24 through a spline pair, and is axially fixed by using the flange 22 and a seventh screw 31. The centrifugal fan 8 and the motor main shaft 24 are connected through keys to transmit torque, and a shaft retainer ring 32 is used for axially limiting and fixing the centrifugal fan 8. In order to reduce the eddy current loss, the first magnetic steel 27 and the second magnetic steel 29 adopt a radial segmented and circumferential oblique pole design, as shown in fig. 6.
The relative movement between the non-driving end stator 1 and the driving end stator 2 and the rotor 3 is realized by a pair of bearings, namely a first bearing 23 and a second bearing 25, wherein the first bearing 23 and the second bearing 25 can be selected as angular contact bearings or deep groove ball bearings and are positioned at two ends of the rotor 3, as shown in fig. 6.
While specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or embodiments of the invention discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.