CN112379289B - Method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112379289B CN112379289B CN202011198304.5A CN202011198304A CN112379289B CN 112379289 B CN112379289 B CN 112379289B CN 202011198304 A CN202011198304 A CN 202011198304A CN 112379289 B CN112379289 B CN 112379289B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: s1, testing the actual capacity of a battery, S2. Adjusting the state of SOC, S3, testing the actual capacity of the battery at the temperature to be tested, adjusting the state of SOC to a target state according to the measured actual capacity, and testing the maximum current under different SOC states in a constant voltage pulse mode after a certain period of time. The invention adopts the constant voltage pulse mode to test the maximum charge and discharge current, avoids the deviation of the result generated by adopting only a single current, has convenient and quick operation setting and simple data processing, can accurately obtain the maximum charge and discharge current under different SOC, and has no influence on the battery performance under the condition of shorter pulse time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of testing the electrical condition of a storage battery, in particular to a method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the gradual deepening of global energy crisis, electric vehicles serving as new energy and environment-friendly low-carbon are rapidly developed. The power of the electric automobile is derived from a battery, and the endurance and the safety performance of the electric automobile are directly determined by the advantages and disadvantages of the battery. The lithium ion battery is widely applied to electric automobiles due to the advantages of high single battery working voltage, large specific energy, no memory effect and the like, and belongs to one of the battery types adopted by current mainstream automobile manufacturers.
As a core component of an electric automobile, a lithium ion battery has been attracting attention as to safety and reliability and service life. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the whole battery system, the battery management system is required to monitor the temperature, voltage, current and other information of the battery in real time, and the battery control unit is used for feeding back the battery condition, so that the working capacity of the battery in different states and environments is provided. In the actual use process of a vehicle, for example, when an electric automobile is started or accelerated, larger power torque is needed, and the battery pack needs to output larger power and current to meet the power requirement at the moment. Therefore, an evaluation method is needed to evaluate the maximum charge and discharge current that can be sustained in each state of the lithium ion battery, the maximum charge and discharge current should be a set limit value, and the actual charge and discharge current is controlled by the battery management system not to exceed the maximum current value that can be used by the battery.
The method adopts two types of current of low multiplying power and high multiplying power to evaluate the charging DC internal resistance, discharging DC internal resistance and corresponding power capacity of the battery. However, the battery power capability test method using only a certain current lacks comprehensiveness, and the maximum current value that can be used by the battery under different charge states cannot be accurately estimated. In addition, the response of the lithium ion battery is different under different current conditions, so that the one-sided performance of a test result can be caused, and the maximum current value which can be born is different under different SOC states.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing method for the maximum current of a lithium ion battery, which can accurately obtain the maximum charge and discharge current under different SOC states, provides reference for the charge and discharge current actually required by the lithium ion power battery, provides data support for the establishment of a maximum allowable charge and discharge current estimation model of a battery management system, avoids the deviation of a result generated by adopting only a single current, has convenient and quick operation and setting, simple data processing and no influence on the battery performance under the condition of shorter pulse time.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a testing method of maximum current of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
s1, testing the actual capacity of a battery: placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and taking the current I of the battery 1 Constant current charging to a charging cut-off voltage V 1 Then, the constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I 2 Stopping charging, standing for not less than 30min, and adding I 1 Discharging to a lower limit voltage V 2 Record the discharge vesselThe discharge capacity is determined as the actual capacity C of the battery 1 ；
S2, SOC state adjustment: according to the step S1, the constant current and constant voltage of the battery are fully charged, the battery is placed for not less than 30min after being charged, and the discharge capacity C measured in the step S1 is measured 1 Constant current discharge is carried out for 0.01n (100-x) hours at a constant current rate of n hours, after the state of the SOC is adjusted to x%, the subsequent test can be carried out by standing for 0.5-24 hours, wherein n is greater than 0, and x is 0-100;
s3, maximum current test:
a. constant-current discharging to a lower limit voltage according to the n-hour rate in the step S2, and adjusting the battery to a 0% SOC state of charge;
b. rest t 1 For a period of hours;
c. setting constant voltage charging to upper limit voltage V max Pulse t 2 s；
d. Then stand still t 3 Minutes;
e. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC 1 Repeating the processes b-e m times until the SOC is reached 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC h ；
f. Then the battery is charged at constant current and constant voltage until the current is reduced to I 2 Adjusting the SOC to 100% SOC state of charge;
g. rest t 1 For a period of hours;
h. setting constant voltage discharge to lower limit voltage V min Pulse t 2 s；
i. Then stand still t 3 Minutes;
j. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC h Repeating the g-j process m times until the SOC is reached h 、SOC h-1 、…SOC 1 ；
Wherein the repetition number m can be determined according to the number of actual SOC states, and a voltage-current curve of the charge-discharge pulse phase is selected, wherein the peak value I of the pulse phase current max I.e. the maximum current in the SOC state, the rest time t 1 0.5 to 24 hours, the pulse time t 2 1s to 100s, the rest time t 3 1 min-30 min.
According to the method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery, the maximum current in different SOC states is tested in a constant voltage pulse mode on the basis of not damaging the performance of the battery. The method adopts a constant voltage pulse mode to test the maximum charge and discharge current, avoids the deviation of a result generated by adopting only a single current, has convenient and quick operation setting and simple data processing, can accurately obtain the maximum charge and discharge current under different SOC, has no influence on the battery performance under the condition of shorter pulse time, and can provide reference for the charge and discharge current actually required by the lithium ion power battery and data support for the establishment of a maximum allowable charge and discharge current estimation model of a battery management system.
Further, in step S1, the charge and discharge are repeated 5 times, the discharge capacity and the discharge energy are recorded, and the continuous 3 times of discharge capacity extremely less than 2% of the rated capacity is calculated to terminate, thereby obtaining the actual capacity C of the battery 1 The average value of the discharge capacity was taken for 3 consecutive times.
In the test method, in the step S1 of testing the actual capacity of the battery, the battery charge and discharge capacity is in a stable state by adopting constant current charging to cut-off voltage for 5 times or more and constant current discharging to cut-off voltage for 5 times, so that the measurement error is reduced.
Further, in step S3, the SOC is measured at the maximum charge current 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC h The value of x of (C) is sequentially increased or decreased, and when the maximum discharge current is tested, the SOC is obtained h 、SOC h-1 、…SOC 1 The x values of (c) are sequentially incremented or decremented.
According to the testing method, when the maximum charging current and the maximum discharging current are tested, the SOC charge state adopts an increasing or decreasing mode, so that the state of the actual use process of the battery can be simulated, data with more reference value can be provided for the actual required charging and discharging current of the lithium ion power battery, and more important data support is provided for the establishment of the maximum allowable charging and discharging current estimation model of the battery management system.
Further, wherein I 1 0.1-5C (A), C is 1 hour rate ratedCapacity, V 1 Upper limit voltage V max 3.7V to 4.7V, I 2 0.01C to 0.5C (A), V 2 Is 2.4V-3.4V, and has a lower limit voltage V min The measured battery voltage is the terminal voltage of the battery and is 2.0V-3.8V.
According to the testing method, charging and discharging are carried out according to the property of the battery, and the cut-off current and cut-off voltage of the charging and discharging are correspondingly set.
Further, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the device by using a test wire, and the resistance of the test wire is less than or equal to 10m omega.
According to the testing method disclosed by the invention, the tested wire needs to have a surplus overcurrent area, so that extra heat generation caused by insufficient overcurrent area is avoided.
Further, the current for adjusting the SOC is 0.2-2C.
According to the testing method, the state of charge is adjusted by adopting the current, so that the testing efficiency can be improved, and adverse effects on the stability of the internal structure of the tested battery are avoided.
Further, the battery test temperature ranges from-40 ℃ to 100 ℃, preferably from-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
According to the testing method, the actual use temperature of the battery is tested, and data according to the reference meaning can be provided.
Further, t 1 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 1 or 2 hours, t 2 1s to 100s, preferably 10s, 18s or 60s, t 3 1 min-30 min, preferably 5min, 10min or 15 min.
The test method of the invention optimizes the time, improves the test efficiency and ensures the accuracy of the test result.
Further, the lithium ion battery comprises one of a square battery, a cylindrical battery and an aluminum plastic film soft package battery.
The testing method is suitable for testing the main lithium ion battery at present.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery, the maximum currents in different SOC states are tested in a constant-voltage pulse mode, deviation of results generated by only adopting single current is avoided, operation and setting are convenient and quick, data processing is simple, the maximum charge and discharge currents in different SOCs can be accurately obtained, and the battery performance is not influenced under the condition of short pulse time;
2. according to the testing method, when the maximum charging current is tested, data with more reference value is provided for the charging and discharging current actually needed by the lithium ion power battery, and more important data support is provided for the establishment of the maximum allowable charging and discharging current estimation model of the battery management system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
A method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery, comprises the following steps:
s1, testing the actual capacity of a battery: and (3) selecting the battery to be tested, placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at the temperature of-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 hours to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and testing after the temperature of the battery reaches thermal stability. The battery thermal stability state means that the battery temperature change is less than 1K within 1h, and can be regarded as reaching the thermal stability state. Preferably, the temperature to be measured is set to-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
The battery is operated with current I 1 Constant current charging to a charging cut-off voltage V 1 Then, the constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I 2 Stopping charging, standing for not less than 30min, and adding I 1 Discharging to a lower limit voltage V 2 Recording discharge capacity and discharge energy, determining discharge capacity as battery actual capacity C 1 Wherein I 1 0.1-5C (A), C is rated capacity at 1 hour, V 1 3.7V to 4.7V, I 2 0.01C to 0.5C (A), V 2 The measured battery voltage is the terminal voltage of the battery and is 2.4V-3.4V. Positive and negative electrodes of lithium ion battery and positive and negative electrodes of equipment by using test leadAnd the resistance of the tested wire is less than or equal to 10m omega, and the tested wire needs to have a surplus overcurrent area, so that extra heat generation caused by insufficient overcurrent area is avoided. If the clamp is used in the test process, the clamp needs to be ensured to be clean and corrosion-free, and the contact internal resistance is prevented from being too large.
Preferably, in step S1, the charge and discharge are repeated 5 times, the discharge capacity and discharge energy are recorded, and the continuous 3 times of discharge capacity extremely less than 2% of rated capacity is calculated to terminate, thereby obtaining the actual capacity C of the battery 1 The average value of the discharge capacity was taken for 3 consecutive times. Calculating that the continuous 3-time discharge capacity range is more than 2% of the rated capacity, and continuously charging and discharging until the continuous 3-time discharge capacity range of the battery is less than 2% of the rated capacity and the actual capacity C can be stopped 1 The average value of the discharge capacity was taken for 3 consecutive times.
S2, SOC state adjustment: placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and after the temperature of the battery reaches thermal stability, testing the battery. Preferably, the temperature to be measured is set to-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
According to the step S1, the constant current and constant voltage of the battery are fully charged, the battery is placed for not less than 30min after being charged, and the discharge capacity C measured in the step S1 is measured 1 Constant current discharge is carried out for 0.01n (100-x) hours at a constant current rate of n hours, after the state of the SOC is adjusted to x%, the subsequent test can be carried out by standing for 0.5-24 hours, wherein n is greater than 0, and x is 0-100;
s3, maximum current test: placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and after the temperature of the battery reaches thermal stability, testing the battery. Preferably, the temperature to be measured is set to-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
a. According to the constant-current discharge to the lower limit voltage at the n-hour rate in the step S2, the battery is adjusted to the state of charge of 0% SOC, and the current for adjusting the SOC can be 0.2-2C, preferably 1C;
b. rest t 1 For an hour, t 1 Can be 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours;
c. setting constant voltage charge to upper limit voltageV max Pulse t 2 s，V max Is set to 3.7V-4.7V, t 2 Can be 1 s-100 s, preferably 10s, 18s and 60s;
d. then stand still t 3 Minutes, t 3 Can be 1 min-30 min, preferably 5min, 10min and 15min;
e. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC 1 Repeating the processes b-e m times until the SOC is reached 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC h Wherein the number of repetitions m may be determined according to the number of actual test SOC states, preferably SOC 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC h The values are sequentially increased, and are further set to 10% SOC and 20% SOC …% SOC;
f. then with current I 1 Constant current charging to a charging cut-off voltage V 1 Then, the constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I 2 Stopping charging and adjusting the SOC to 100% SOC state of charge;
g. rest t 1 For an hour, t 1 Can be 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours;
h. setting constant voltage discharge to lower limit voltage V min ，V min Is 2.0V to 3.8V, t 2 Can be 1 s-100 s, preferably 10s, 18s and 60s;
i. then stand still t 3 Minutes, t 3 Can be 1 min-30 min, preferably 5min, 10min and 15min;
j. according to step S 2 Adjusting the battery to the next SOC h Repeating the g-j process m times, wherein the repetition number m can be determined according to the number of the actual test SOC states until the SOC h 、SOC h-1 、…SOC 1 Preferably, SOC h 、SOC h-1 、…SOC 1 The values decrease in sequence, and are further set to 90%, 80% and …%;
selecting a voltage-current curve of a charge-discharge pulse phase, wherein the peak value I of the pulse phase current max I.e. the maximum current in this SOC state.
The lithium ion battery tested comprises one of a square battery, a cylindrical battery and an aluminum plastic film soft package battery. The equipment required for the above test must ensure a certain accuracy and resolution, and the pulse phase data acquisition time is at least 0.1 s.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, testing the actual capacity of a battery: placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and taking the current I of the battery 1 Constant current charging to a charging cut-off voltage V 1 Then, the constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I 2 Stopping charging, standing for not less than 30min, and adding I 1 Discharging to a lower limit voltage V 2 Recording discharge capacity and discharge energy, determining discharge capacity as battery actual capacity C 1 ；
S2, SOC state adjustment: according to the step S1, the constant current and constant voltage of the battery are fully charged, the battery is placed for not less than 30min after being fully charged, and the discharge capacity C measured in the step S1 is measured 1 Constant current discharge is carried out for 0.01n (100-x) hours at a constant current rate of n hours, after the state of the SOC is adjusted to x%, the subsequent test can be carried out by standing for 0.5-24 hours, wherein n is greater than 0, and x is 0-100;
s3, maximum current test:
a. constant-current discharging to a lower limit voltage according to the n-hour rate in the step S2, and adjusting the battery to a 0% SOC state of charge;
b. rest t 1 For a period of hours;
c. setting constant voltage charging to upper limit voltage V max Pulse t 2 s；
d. Then stand still t 3 Minutes;
e. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC 1 Repeating the processes b-e m times until the SOC is reached 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC h ；
f. Then the battery is charged at constant current and constant voltage until the current is reduced to I 2 Adjusting the SOC to 100% SOC state of charge;
g. rest t 1 For a period of hours;
h. setting constant voltage discharge to lower limit voltage V min Pulse t 2 s；
i. Then stand still t 3 Minutes;
j. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC h Repeating the g-j process m times until the SOC is reached h 、SOC h-1 、…SOC 1 ；
Wherein the repetition number m can be determined according to the number of actual SOC states, and a voltage-current curve of the charge-discharge pulse phase is selected, wherein the peak value I of the pulse phase current max I.e. the maximum current in the SOC state, the rest time t 1 0.5 to 24 hours, the pulse time t 2 1s to 100s, the rest time t 3 1 min-30 min.
2. The method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the charge and discharge are repeated 5 times, the discharge capacity and discharge energy are recorded, and the calculation of 3 continuous discharge capacity steps is terminated when the discharge capacity step is less than 2% of the rated capacity, the actual capacity C of the battery 1 The average value of the discharge capacity was taken for 3 consecutive times.
3. The method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S3, SOC is measured when maximum charge current is tested 1 、SOC 2 、…SOC h The value of x of (C) is sequentially increased or decreased, and when the maximum discharge current is tested, the SOC is obtained h 、SOC h-1 、…SOC 1 The x values of (c) are sequentially incremented or decremented.
4. The method for testing maximum current of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein I 1 0.1-5C (A), C is rated capacity at 1 hour rate，V 1 Upper limit voltage V max 3.7V to 4.7V, I 2 0.01C to 0.5C (A), V 2 Is 2.4V-3.4V, and has a lower limit voltage V min The measured battery voltage is the terminal voltage of the battery and is 2.0V-3.8V.
5. The method for testing maximum current of a lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the device by a test wire, and the resistance of the test wire is 10m Ω or less.
6. The method for testing maximum current of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the current for adjusting the SOC state is 0.2c to 2c.
7. The method for testing maximum current of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery testing temperature range is-40 ℃ to 100 ℃.
8. The method for testing maximum current of a lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, wherein the battery test temperature is-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
9. The method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein t 1 0.5 to 24 hours, t 2 Is 1 s-100 s, t 3 1 min-30 min.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery comprises one of a prismatic battery, a cylindrical battery, and an aluminum plastic film pouch battery.
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